A battery box with collision energy absorption and battery pack thermal runaway suppression functions

Abstract

The application discloses a battery box with functions of collision energy absorption and battery pack thermal runaway inhibition, which comprises a main battery compartment, a thermal runaway device and an energy absorption device arranged at least on the front side of the main battery compartment, the energy absorption device comprises a shell connected with the main battery compartment, at least one damper is arranged in the shell to absorb the energy generated by collision, and the thermal runaway device is connected with the main battery compartment, and when the temperature of the battery pack reaches the self-ignition temperature, the battery pack is cooled and extinguished, so that the thermal runaway is inhibited.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to electric vehicle batteries, and more specifically to a battery housing with collision energy absorption and suppression of battery pack thermal runaway functions. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing popularity of electric vehicles, the safety performance of battery packs has become a major concern. Currently, spontaneous combustion and battery explosions in electric vehicles still occur frequently, primarily due to insufficient heat dissipation from the battery pack and the lack of protective devices within the battery pack to prevent thermal runaway. Secondly, insufficient strength of the battery casing is a contributing factor. When an electric vehicle experiences a frontal or side impact, the battery casing suffers significant damage and deformation, affecting the internal battery pack and causing individual battery cells to deform and compress against each other. When driving on rough roads, the bottom of the battery casing may be impacted and compressed by foreign objects such as sand, gravel, or rod-shaped debris. Therefore, all of these impact scenarios place high demands on the strength of the battery casing. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a battery box with impact energy absorption and suppression of battery thermal runaway.

[0004] Specifically, a battery housing with collision energy absorption and thermal runaway suppression functions includes a main battery compartment, a thermal runaway device, and an energy-absorbing device located at least on the front side of the main battery compartment. The energy-absorbing device includes a shell connected to the main battery compartment, with at least one damper inside to absorb energy generated by a collision and protect the batteries within the main battery compartment from damage. The thermal runaway device is connected to the main battery compartment and, when the battery pack temperature reaches its auto-ignition temperature, cools and extinguishes the fire to suppress thermal runaway. The invention's placement of the energy-absorbing device on the front side of the main battery compartment is primarily due to the significant damage to the battery caused by a frontal collision with a vehicle; the energy-absorbing device can absorb impact energy to the maximum extent, reducing the risk of battery damage.

[0005] Furthermore, the energy absorption device's casing, moving towards the main battery compartment, is sequentially equipped with an energy conversion chamber and an electrical equipment arrangement chamber. The energy conversion chamber houses an energy conversion device, and the electrical equipment arrangement chamber houses electrical equipment used to control the damper's operation. The energy conversion device is connected to the electrical equipment, and the damper is located within the electrical equipment arrangement chamber. In one embodiment, the damper is a magnetorheological damper.

[0006] Furthermore, the power conversion chamber and the electrical equipment installation chamber are separated by a laminated baffle with energy-absorbing properties, which can absorb impact energy. In this invention, the laminated baffle is made of 5Q235 steel-foamed aluminum-aluminum alloy, which has excellent energy absorption performance.

[0007] The power conversion device includes a pair of magnetic poles and a copper conductor. The two magnetic poles of the pair of magnetic poles are installed opposite each other on the inner wall of the side wing of the power conversion chamber. The copper conductor is installed on the inner wall of the front side of the power conversion chamber via a fixing frame. When the electric vehicle is involved in a frontal collision, the shell will deform, pushing the copper conductor to move, thereby cutting the magnetic field lines between the two magnetic poles and converting magnetic energy into electrical energy.

[0008] In one embodiment, the thermal runaway device includes an extinguishing agent storage chamber, an extinguishing agent flow channel, and a spray system. The spray system is located inside the main battery compartment, while the extinguishing agent storage chamber is located outside the main battery compartment and connected to the spray system inside the main battery compartment via the extinguishing agent flow channel. A spring valve is installed at the outlet where the extinguishing agent storage chamber connects to the extinguishing agent flow channel. The number of spray systems is equal to the number of battery packs, and their nozzles extend through the outer casing of the battery packs to directly spray the batteries.

[0009] The extinguishing agent flow channel is located inside the main battery compartment and extends along the length of the front and side inner walls of the compartment. The sprinkler system includes a spray frame and a liquid suction pump installed inside the extinguishing agent flow channel. The spray frame extends inside the battery pack casing and is connected to the liquid suction pump, which pumps the extinguishing agent to the spray frame for spraying the battery.

[0010] The bottom of the extinguishing agent storage chamber is a slope, with the end furthest from the main battery compartment higher than the end connected to the main battery compartment. This creates a triangular prism-shaped internal space within the storage chamber, allowing the extinguishing agent to flow downwards naturally due to gravitational potential energy. In a preferred embodiment, the extinguishing agent storage chamber is located below the electrical equipment room, and its bottom is formed by a sloped plate. A pressure sensor is installed on the sloped plate and connected to a controller. When the sloped plate is subjected to impact and compressive force, it deforms. The pressure sensor detects the change in compressive force on the sloped plate and transmits the signal to the controller to open the spring valve at the outlet of the extinguishing agent storage chamber, allowing the extinguishing agent to flow into the extinguishing agent channel.

[0011] During a collision, the connection between the electrical equipment compartment, the fire extinguishing agent storage compartment, and the main battery compartment will bear significant impact stress, thus requiring increased rigidity. Specifically, the electrical equipment compartment, the fire extinguishing agent storage compartment, and the main battery compartment are connected by a reinforcing panel. Since the fire extinguishing agent storage compartment is located below the electrical equipment compartment, they share a single reinforcing panel. This reinforcing panel has transverse and longitudinal reinforcing ribs in its upper middle section, and carbon fiber corrugated plates are installed within the grooves formed by the alternating transverse and longitudinal reinforcing ribs to enhance energy absorption. The transverse reinforcing ribs are wavy.

[0012] Foamed aluminum-filled carbon fiber reinforced tubes are installed at the bottom of the connection between the energy conversion chamber and the electrical equipment arrangement chamber of the energy absorption device, or at the bottom of the connection between the fire extinguishing agent storage chamber and the main battery compartment. These tubes have better bending mechanical properties and can resist the bending moment generated when the battery box is subjected to frontal impact compression.

[0013] A liquid cooling system is installed inside the main battery compartment to dissipate heat and cool the battery pack. The liquid cooling system can be a liquid cooling frame made of hollow plates, with the battery pack located inside the liquid cooling frame and its outer wall in contact with the frame. An external coolant supply device is connected to the liquid cooling frame to provide coolant for heat dissipation and cooling of the battery pack.

[0014] To enhance energy absorption, NPR (Negative Poisson's Ratio) tubes can be added to the outer wall of the liquid cooling frame. However, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, a portion of the hollow plate of the liquid cooling frame can be replaced with an NPR tubular support, such as replacing at least one of the opposite side plates of the liquid cooling frame with an NPR tubular support, and a portion of the pipes of the NPR tubular support communicating with the other two side plates of the liquid cooling frame.

[0015] The liquid cooling system also includes a heater and a cooling device installed in the main battery compartment. The coolant inlet pipe is connected to the heater and then to the liquid inlet of the liquid cooling frame. The coolant outlet pipe is connected to the liquid outlet of the liquid cooling frame, then to the cooling device, and then extends out of the compartment.

[0016] The cooling device is composed of a fan, baffles and a fin matrix stacked together. The baffles are provided with equidistant through holes to increase the contact area between the flowing air and the fin matrix, thereby enhancing the heat dissipation of the fin matrix by the fan. The fin matrix has a space to accommodate the coolant outlet pipe, which is coiled inside the fin matrix to increase the flow rate and enhance liquid cooling.

[0017] To further enhance energy absorption, glass wool is installed on the inner wall of the main battery compartment to prevent the spread of flames in the event of thermal runaway of the battery pack.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention includes an energy-absorbing device at least on the front side of the main battery compartment. This device primarily employs a damper, particularly a magnetorheological damper. Utilizing the principle of electromagnetic induction, it converts the mechanical energy of the impacting foreign object into electrical energy, providing current to the magnetorheological damper to initiate its operation. This enhances the rigidity of the battery pack's impact-bearing panel, providing damping, absorbing collision energy, and thus protecting the rear battery pack. The magnetorheological damper only activates during impact compression and does not consume battery pack energy under normal driving conditions. Furthermore, the greater the impact energy and the faster the impact velocity, the faster the copper conductor cuts magnetic field lines, resulting in a larger current supplied to the magnetorheological damper, which in turn provides greater damping.

[0019] 2. The bottom of the extinguishing agent storage chamber is an inclined plate, forming a certain angle with the horizontal plane, reserving space for the installation of the electric vehicle's steering system. Pressure sensors are installed on the inner wall of the extinguishing agent storage chamber to sense the impact and compressive force on the battery pack, transmitting a signal to the CPU to command the spring valve to open, thereby allowing the extinguishing agent to flow into the extinguishing agent channel for storage and awaiting deployment. Furthermore, when the battery pack is subjected to significant compressive force, the extinguishing agent storage chamber will also undergo a certain degree of compression and deformation, creating greater pressure within the extinguishing agent that can directly open the spring valve.

[0020] 3. Each battery pack is equipped with a temperature sensor inside its casing, corresponding to a sprinkler system. When the temperature sensor detects that the battery pack's temperature exceeds the ignition temperature, it sends a signal to the CPU to command the corresponding battery pack's suction pump to draw in extinguishing agent, which is then sprayed from the nozzles of the spray frame onto the tabs of the square battery cells. This precisely extinguishes the flames of thermally runaway battery packs, preventing the flames from spreading to other battery packs and causing the entire power system to spontaneously combust.

[0021] 4. The NPR negative Poisson's ratio tubular support, based on a negative Poisson's ratio structure, possesses superior crashworthiness. When an electric vehicle is subjected to side impact compression, such as in a side pole impact test, the NPR tubular support contracts inward, becoming narrower and denser as the side pole compresses the battery pack. Once compacted, it provides a higher structural strength, significantly reducing the side impact damage to the battery pack. Secondly, due to its hollow interior, the NPR negative Poisson's ratio tubular support offers greater energy absorption space compared to traditional solid square tubes used for battery pack supports. Utilizing the hollow structure of the NPR square tube, coolant is channeled through the hollow structure near the battery pack casing, enhancing heat exchange and improving heat dissipation efficiency. The PTC heater located at the rear of the main battery compartment can activate under specific conditions, such as for battery pack insulation in winter, and remains off when heating is not required, allowing the coolant to solely dissipate heat from the battery pack.

[0022] 5. A cover is installed above the extinguishing agent flow channel to achieve sealed storage of the extinguishing agent. Secondly, flame-retardant glass wool is placed on top of the cover. Glass wool is a type of glass fiber, possessing excellent thermal insulation and fireproofing properties, thereby inhibiting the spread of fire in the event of thermal runaway of the battery pack.

[0023] 6. The energy conversion chamber and the electrical equipment storage chamber are separated by a laminated baffle, preferably composed of three layers: Q235, aluminum foam, and aluminum alloy. Aluminum foam has the advantages of buffering and absorbing energy, and is relatively lightweight. However, due to its low modulus of elasticity and rough surface, it cannot be used alone as a material to withstand impacts. Therefore, it needs to be laminated with steel and aluminum alloy to improve its rigidity. When the energy conversion chamber is subjected to a frontal collision, the impact energy generated can be absorbed by the laminated baffle. Below the laminated baffle, there is a CFRP carbon fiber reinforced tube filled with aluminum foam. This reinforced tube is mainly arranged between the energy conversion chamber and the electrical equipment storage chamber, and between the fire extinguishing agent storage chamber and the reinforcing rib panel, and it has stable bending mechanical properties. When the battery box is subjected to frontal impact compression, this reinforced tube can provide high bending stiffness to resist the bending moment caused by the impact on the battery box. Each groove inside the reinforcing rib panel is equipped with a carbon fiber corrugated plate. Its front crush failure mode is mainly progressive damage failure. The crush load of this failure mode is relatively high. Therefore, the carbon fiber corrugated plate has a large specific energy absorption capacity and can effectively protect the battery pack behind it when subjected to frontal collision impact. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the battery housing of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a partial enlarged view of the battery box of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a partial schematic diagram of the battery box of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the energy conversion chamber of the battery box of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the fire extinguishing agent storage chamber of the battery box of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 6 This is a top view of the battery housing of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the battery housing of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 8 This is a partial enlarged view of the battery box of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional view of the main battery compartment of the battery box of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the battery housing of the present invention (with a battery casing).

[0034] Figure 11 This is an assembly diagram of the battery pack and cooling system.

[0035] Figure 12 This is the casing for the battery pack.

[0036] Figure 13 A schematic diagram of the cooling device for the battery housing of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 14 A bottom view of the cooling device for the battery housing of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments described below are only one embodiment of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, any modifications and improvements made to the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] like Figure 1-14 The battery housing shown, which features collision energy absorption and suppression of battery thermal runaway, is an embodiment of the present invention. It includes a main battery compartment 4, a thermal runaway device, and an energy-absorbing device positioned at the front of the main battery compartment 4. In this invention, the front of the main battery compartment 4 refers to the direction facing directly in front of the electric vehicle. This side experiences greater impact energy and damage to the battery during a frontal collision. Therefore, the energy-absorbing device is primarily positioned at the front of the main battery compartment 4 to absorb the energy generated by the collision to the greatest extent possible, thereby reducing damage to the battery.

[0040] The main body of the energy absorption device is a damper. In this embodiment, the energy absorption device includes an outer shell located on the front side of the main battery compartment 4. Inside the outer shell, from the direction closest to the main battery compartment 4, are the energy conversion chamber 1 and the electrical equipment arrangement chamber 2. Three magnetorheological dampers 10 are arranged side by side at equal intervals in the electrical equipment arrangement chamber 2. Specifically, the outer shell is made of laminated plate, and its interior is divided into two chambers by laminated baffles 5. The chamber furthest from the main battery compartment 4 is the energy conversion chamber 1, whose top view projection is trapezoidal and the bottom is flat. The bottom of the chamber connected to the main battery compartment 4 is an inclined plate, and the inclined surface formed slopes from top to bottom from the side connected to the energy conversion chamber 1. The partition 23 is horizontally set and divides the chamber into upper and lower parts. The upper chamber is the electrical equipment arrangement chamber 2, and the lower chamber is the fire extinguishing agent storage chamber 3. The laminated baffles 5 are all made of 5Q235 steel-foamed aluminum-aluminum alloy.

[0041] During a collision, the connection between the electrical equipment storage compartment 2, the fire extinguishing agent storage compartment 3, and the main battery compartment 4 will bear significant impact stress, thus requiring increased rigidity. Therefore, the electrical equipment storage compartment 2, the fire extinguishing agent storage compartment 3, and the main battery compartment 4 are connected by a reinforcing panel. Since the fire extinguishing agent storage compartment 3 is located below the electrical equipment storage compartment 2, they share a single reinforcing panel 6. Three pairs of lifting lugs 51 are arranged opposite each other on the plane of the laminated baffle 5 and the reinforcing panel 6. The two ends of the three magnetorheological dampers 10 are connected to their respective lifting lugs 51, allowing the three magnetorheological dampers 10 to be installed side-by-side. Below the magnetorheological dampers 10 is the space for electrical equipment such as controllers and CPU panels that control the magnetorheological dampers 10. The upper middle part of the reinforcing panel 6 has transverse and longitudinal reinforcing ribs, and carbon fiber corrugated plates 61 are installed in the grooves formed by the alternating transverse and longitudinal reinforcing ribs to enhance energy absorption. The transverse reinforcing ribs are wavy.

[0042] A wiring hole 121 is provided at the lower part of the laminating baffle 5. An energy conversion device, including a pair of magnetic poles 13 and a copper conductor 12, is installed inside the energy conversion chamber 1. The two magnetic poles 13 are installed opposite each other inside the energy conversion chamber 1, close to the laminating baffle 5, and their sides are in contact with the inner walls of the side wings of the energy conversion chamber 1. The magnetic field lines between the two magnetic poles 13 are horizontal lines parallel to the ground. The copper conductor 12 is installed on the inner wall opposite the laminating baffle 5 via a fixing bracket 11. The wires connected to its two ends pass through the wiring hole 121 to the electrical equipment arrangement chamber 2 for connection to electrical equipment. The copper conductor 12 is vertically arranged and located on the longitudinal axis of the energy conversion chamber 1. When an electric vehicle is hit head-on, the laminated plate on the front side of the power conversion chamber 1 deforms, pushing the copper conductor 12 to move towards the laminated baffle 5, thereby cutting the magnetic field lines between the two magnetic poles 13, converting magnetic energy into electrical energy, and powering electrical equipment. This allows the electrical energy converted from the collision to be supplied to the magnetorheological damper 10 to start and control its operation.

[0043] The thermal runaway device includes an extinguishing agent storage chamber 3, an extinguishing agent flow channel 311, and a sprinkler system. As mentioned earlier, the extinguishing agent storage chamber 3 is located below the electrical equipment storage chamber 2, and its bottom is a slope, making the interior of the extinguishing agent storage chamber 3 a triangular prism space, with the connection point to the main battery compartment 4 at the lowest point of the space. Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the partition 23, the reinforcing rib panel 6, and the inclined plate 33 constitute the accommodating space, which is the extinguishing agent storage chamber 3. The extinguishing agent flow channel 311 is located inside the main battery compartment 4, along its front and side inner peripheral walls, and is covered by a cover plate 181 to prevent liquid splashing and overflow during the flow of the extinguishing agent. Several outlets 32 are provided in the extinguishing agent storage chamber 3 at positions corresponding to the extinguishing agent flow channel 311, and several spring valves 31 are provided on the lower part of the reinforcing rib panel 6 at positions corresponding to the outlets 32.

[0044] The interior of the fire extinguishing agent storage chamber 3 is a triangular prism space, which provides space for the electric vehicle steering system and allows the fire extinguishing agent to flow naturally downwards under the influence of gravity, eliminating the need for energy-consuming devices such as hydraulic pumps to extract the fire extinguishing agent. Secondly, when the electric vehicle is subjected to frontal collision and compression, due to the triangular cross-sectional structure of the fire extinguishing agent storage chamber 3, the inclined plate 33 will bear a certain amount of impact compression force, resulting in compression deformation. At this time, a pressure sensor installed on the inclined plate 33 can sense the change in the compression force. As soon as the compression force changes, the pressure sensor quickly transmits a signal to the CPU to open the spring valve 31 located below the reinforcing rib panel 6, allowing the fire extinguishing agent to flow into the fire extinguishing agent channels 311 on both sides of the main battery compartment 4 for storage. When the compression force is large, the inclined plate 33 undergoes significant deformation, thereby increasing the internal pressure of the fire extinguishing agent. When the pressure increases to the opening pressure set by the spring valve 31, the fire extinguishing agent pushes open the spring valve 31 and flows into the fire extinguishing agent channel 311, without the need for electrical equipment intervention. The inclined plate 33 connects to the foam-aluminum filled carbon fiber reinforced tube 9 on both sides. Specifically, this tube is installed at the bottom edge of the laminated baffle 5 between the power conversion chamber 1 and the electrical equipment arrangement chamber 2, and at the junction of the fire extinguishing agent storage chamber 3 and the main battery compartment 4. The foam-aluminum filled carbon fiber reinforced tube 9 has excellent bending mechanical properties and can resist the bending moment generated when the battery box is subjected to frontal impact compression. A reinforcing rib 331 is also provided below the inclined plate 33 to improve its rigidity.

[0045] Due to the stringent sealing requirements of the extinguishing agent, the connection between the inclined plate 33 and the partition plate 23 must be rigorously welded. Liquid nitrogen is selected as the extinguishing agent, and its storage conditions are demanding, requiring a vacuum in the extinguishing agent storage chamber 3. Furthermore, the inner wall of the extinguishing agent storage chamber 3 needs to be coated with a material with good thermal insulation properties, such as rigid polyurethane foam, to maintain the liquid nitrogen in its liquid nitrogen form.

[0046] The number of spray devices is the same as the number of battery packs 71, with each battery pack 71 equipped with one spray device. The spray device includes a spray frame 8 and a liquid suction pump 14 installed in the extinguishing agent flow channel 311. The spray frame 8 has several nozzles that extend into the battery pack 71, and each nozzle corresponds to the tab of a battery cell. The liquid inlet end is connected to the liquid suction pump 14.

[0047] A liquid cooling system is installed inside the main battery compartment 4. The liquid cooling system includes a liquid cooling frame, a coolant inlet pipe 15, a coolant outlet pipe 16, a PTC heater 152, and a cooling device 162. The PTC heater 152 and the cooling device 162 are located at the rear end of the main battery compartment 4. The outlet of the coolant inlet pipe 15 is connected to the inlet of the liquid cooling frame. The outlet of the coolant outlet pipe 16 extends out of the main battery compartment 4 to the outside. The inlet of the coolant outlet pipe 16 is connected to the outlet of the liquid cooling frame. The inlet of the coolant inlet pipe 15 extends out of the main battery compartment 4 to the outside and connects to the coolant supply device. The PTC heater 152 has a hollow structure, and a section of the coolant inlet pipe 15 is coiled inside the cavity of the PTC heater 152. The PTC heater 152 can be activated under specific operating conditions, such as for heat preservation of the battery pack 71 in winter. When heating is not required, it is turned off, and the coolant is used only for heat exchange of the battery pack 71. The cooling device 162 is composed of a fan 1621, a baffle plate, and a fin matrix 1622 stacked together. The baffle plate is provided with U-shaped through holes 1623 at equal intervals to increase the contact area between the flowing air and the fin matrix 1622, thereby enhancing the heat dissipation of the fan 1621 to the fin matrix 1622. The fin matrix 1622 is provided with a space to accommodate the coolant outlet pipe 16, and part of the coolant outlet pipe 16 is coiled inside the fin matrix 1622 to increase the flow rate and enhance liquid cooling.

[0048] The liquid cooling frame includes a coolant inflow plate 151 and a coolant outflow plate 161, which are respectively positioned opposite each other at the front and rear of the main battery compartment 4. The coolant inflow plate 151 is located near the rear end of the compartment, and the coolant outflow plate 161 is located near the front end. A coolant inflow pipe 15 is connected to the inlet of the coolant inflow plate 151, and a coolant outflow pipe 16 is connected to the outlet of the coolant outflow plate 161. The two ends and the middle part of the coolant inflow plate 151 and the coolant outflow plate 161 are connected by NPR negative Poisson's ratio tubular supports 17. Several square tube supports 41 are provided inside the liquid cooling frame. Each square tube support 41 is perpendicular to the NPR negative Poisson's ratio tubular supports 17, dividing the space inside the liquid cooling frame into several spaces for placing battery packs 71. The battery packs 71 can be fixedly installed in the spaces. Two foam-filled carbon fiber reinforced tubes 91 are installed in each row of spaces near the front of the main battery compartment 4 to enhance the stability of the battery packs.

[0049] Each battery pack 71 is equipped with a housing 7, with a through hole 72 on its upper side for the spray frame 8 to pass through and fix it. A temperature sensor is installed on the inner wall of the housing 7 of each battery pack 71. When the temperature sensor detects that the temperature of the battery pack 71 exceeds its ignition temperature, it quickly transmits a signal to the CPU to activate the liquid pump 14 of that pack. This pump draws up the extinguishing agent and sprays it from the nozzle of the spray frame 8 onto the two tabs of the individual battery cells, thus suppressing thermal runaway of the battery pack 71.

[0050] The inner wall of the main battery compartment is lined with glass wool 18 to prevent the spread of flames in the event of thermal runaway of the battery pack, and it can also absorb the energy of side impacts.

Claims

1. A battery housing with impact energy absorption and suppression of battery pack thermal runaway functions, characterized in that, It includes a main battery compartment, a thermal runaway device, and an energy-absorbing device located at least on the front side of the main battery compartment. The energy-absorbing device includes a housing connected to the main battery compartment, and at least one damper is provided inside to absorb the energy generated by the collision. The thermal runaway device is connected to the main battery compartment and cools and extinguishes the battery pack when the battery pack temperature reaches the auto-ignition temperature. The energy absorption device housing is arranged with an energy conversion chamber and an electrical equipment arrangement chamber in sequence towards the main battery compartment. The energy conversion chamber is equipped with an energy conversion device, and the electrical equipment arrangement chamber is equipped with electrical equipment for controlling the operation of the damper. The energy conversion device is connected to the electrical equipment, and the damper is arranged in the electrical equipment arrangement chamber. The power conversion device includes a pair of magnetic poles and a copper conductor. The two magnetic poles of the pair of magnetic poles are mounted opposite each other and are attached to the inner wall of the side wing of the power conversion chamber. The copper conductor is mounted on the inner wall of the front side of the power conversion chamber via a fixing frame. When the electric vehicle is involved in a frontal collision, the shell will deform, pushing the copper conductor to move, thereby cutting the magnetic field lines between the two magnetic poles and converting magnetic energy into electrical energy. The thermal runaway device includes an extinguishing agent storage chamber, an extinguishing agent flow channel, and a spray device. The spray device is located inside the main battery compartment. The extinguishing agent storage chamber is located outside the main battery compartment and is connected to the spray device inside the main battery compartment through the extinguishing agent flow channel. A spring valve is installed at the outlet where the extinguishing agent storage chamber connects to the extinguishing agent flow channel. The extinguishing agent flow channel is located inside the main battery compartment and is arranged along the front and side inner walls of the compartment. The bottom of the extinguishing agent storage chamber is formed by an inclined plate. A pressure sensor is installed on the inclined plate and is connected to the controller. When the inclined plate is subjected to collision and squeezing force, it undergoes squeezing deformation. The pressure sensor senses the change in squeezing force on the inclined plate and transmits the signal to the controller to open the spring valve at the outlet of the extinguishing agent storage chamber, allowing the extinguishing agent to flow into the extinguishing agent flow channel.

2. The battery housing with impact energy absorption and suppression of battery pack thermal runaway functions as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The electrical equipment layout room and the main battery compartment are separated by a reinforcing panel. The upper middle part of the reinforcing panel is provided with horizontal and vertical reinforcing ribs, and a carbon fiber corrugated plate is installed in the groove formed by the alternating horizontal and vertical reinforcing ribs.

3. The battery housing with impact energy absorption and suppression of battery pack thermal runaway functions as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Foamed aluminum-filled carbon fiber reinforced tubes are installed at the bottom of the connection between the energy conversion chamber and the electrical equipment arrangement chamber of the energy absorption device, and at the bottom of the connection between the fire extinguishing agent storage chamber and the main battery compartment.

4. The battery housing with impact energy absorption and suppression of battery pack thermal runaway functions as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The main battery compartment is equipped with a liquid cooling device, including a liquid cooling frame, a coolant inlet pipe, a coolant outlet pipe, a PTC heater, and a cooling device. The coolant inlet pipe and the coolant outlet pipe are connected to the liquid cooling frame. The PTC heater is connected to the coolant inlet pipe, and the coolant outlet pipe is connected to the cooling device. The cooling device is composed of a fan, a partition, and a matrix of fins stacked together. The partition has U-shaped through holes that are equidistantly spaced.

5. The battery housing with impact energy absorption and suppression of battery pack thermal runaway functions as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The liquid cooling frame includes a coolant inflow plate and a coolant outflow plate, which are respectively disposed opposite to each other in the front and rear parts of the main battery compartment. The two ends and the middle part of the coolant inflow plate and the coolant outflow plate are connected by NPR negative Poisson's ratio tubular supports.

6. The battery housing with impact energy absorption and suppression of battery pack thermal runaway functions as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The inner wall of the main battery compartment is lined with glass wool.

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