Electromagnetic energy harvester based on magnetic force stretching jump

Abstract

The application discloses an electromagnetic energy trapping device based on magnetic force stretching jump, which comprises a base, a sleeve, a magnet spring mechanism, a rotor, a ratchet pawl, a gear and a rack. The sleeve is arranged on one side of the upper surface of the base, and the magnet spring mechanism is arranged on the other side. The magnet spring mechanism stores energy and releases it instantaneously under the action of mechanical vibration. The rack reciprocates under the action of the magnet spring mechanism, driving the ratchet pawl support gear to rotate. The rotor is arranged in the sleeve and rotates under the drive of the ratchet support gear, and interacts with the coil to generate induced current. The electromagnetic energy trapping device can not only effectively trap and convert weak reciprocating vibration energy, but also convert it into high-speed unidirectional rotary motion, thereby further improving the energy collection efficiency of the energy trapping device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of mechanical transmission and energy harvesting technology, specifically relating to an electromagnetic energy harvester based on magnetic stretching jump. Background Technology

[0002] Mechanical vibration energy is widely distributed in the natural environment and in daily life and production. This mechanical vibration energy can be converted into rotational kinetic energy through motion conversion mechanisms, and then into electrical energy. This energy harvesting technology can provide sustainable green energy for low-power electronic devices such as wireless sensors and wearable electronic devices.

[0003] Mechanical vibrations can be converted into electrical energy using devices such as electromagnetic energy harvesters, piezoelectric energy harvesters, and triboelectric nanogenerators. Rotary electromagnetic energy harvesters, in particular, first convert vibrational energy into rotational energy, and then the rotating permanent magnet generates electricity by inducing a current in a coil. This energy conversion process requires the participation of mechanical mechanisms such as gears and racks. Compared to vibrational electromagnetic energy harvesters, this rotary electromagnetic energy harvester significantly improves the efficiency of mechanical vibration energy harvesting.

[0004] Currently, mechanisms that convert bidirectional vibration into unidirectional rotational motion can be classified into the following three types:

[0005] 1. Based on a ratchet and pawl mechanism. For example, Chinese patent application number 202211572893.8 proposes a unidirectional energy recovery device. This energy harvesting device is used to collect vibration energy from a vehicle suspension. It achieves the conversion of linear reciprocating vibration into unidirectional rotational motion through a ratchet and pawl structure between a ratchet gear and a speed-increasing gear.

[0006] 2. Based on a one-way bearing mechanism. For example, Hyunjun Jung, Yamini Sharma, and Lei Zuo's paper "Digitally Controlled Power Management Circuit With Dual-Functioned Single-Stage Power Converter for Vibration Energy Harvesting" in IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electromagnetics 102022:3873-3882, uses a one-way bearing to collect vibration energy from a vehicle suspension system. This energy harvester can convert bidirectional vibration into unidirectional rotation, and its gear and rack structure and one-way bearing improve the performance and efficiency of the rotary electromagnetic energy harvester.

[0007] 3. Based on a cantilever beam actuating mechanism. For example, Chinese patent application number 202110552094.3 proposes a motion conversion mechanism that converts vibration into unidirectional rotation. This invention proposes a cantilever beam actuating rotor that utilizes a combination of a cantilever beam and a ratchet to transmit torque unidirectionally.

[0008] All three types of conversion mechanisms described above can convert bidirectional vibration into unidirectional motion. Their characteristics are summarized as follows:

[0009] 1. The ratchet and pawl mechanism has a large forward driving torque and a low reverse damping. However, it requires a large input amplitude to work efficiently.

[0010] 2. One-way bearings have a large forward driving torque, high reverse damping, and a narrow operating frequency band, making them unsuitable for collecting low-frequency micro-energy.

[0011] 3. The cantilever beam actuation mechanism has a wider operating frequency range and is more suitable for micro-energy harvesting. However, the driving torque of the cantilever beam is limited by material properties and is difficult to increase. Furthermore, under prolonged impact conditions, the elastic properties of the beam gradually decrease, thereby reducing its output capacity. Summary of the Invention

[0012] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this invention is to provide an electromagnetic energy harvester based on magnetic stretching and jumping, which converts the reciprocating vibration in production, life or natural environment into the unidirectional high-speed rotational motion of the rotor, thereby significantly improving the performance of the rotary energy harvester.

[0013] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0014] An electromagnetic energy harvester based on magnetic stretching transition includes a base, a sleeve disposed on one side of the upper surface of the base, and a magnetic spring mechanism disposed on the other side. A rotor rotates inside the sleeve, driven by a pawl support, and interacts with a coil to generate an induced current. A pawl support gear on the pawl support meshes with a rack to transmit torque. Under mechanical vibration, the magnetic spring mechanism stores mechanical energy and releases it instantaneously. The released spring force drives the rack to reciprocate, and the rack drives the pawl support gear, causing the pawl support to rotate.

[0015] The base includes a rack support near the sleeve and a horizontal movable rod support away from the sleeve; the rack support and the horizontal movable rod support are on a horizontal line.

[0016] The rack support includes a through hole thereon; the flat movable rod support includes a through hole thereon;

[0017] The through hole on the rack support is sleeved with the right linear bearing; the through hole on the horizontal movable rod support is sleeved with the left linear bearing.

[0018] The sleeve includes a central shaft, a stator support, a coil, and a bearing;

[0019] The central shaft includes a first step and a second step arranged on the same axis; the first step is sleeved with the inner ring of the bearing; the second step is sleeved with the inner ring of the through hole of the pawl bracket; the protrusion on the stator bracket is used to fix the coil.

[0020] The first and second steps on the central shaft are connected to the bearing and the pawl bracket in sequence.

[0021] The rotor includes a rotor magnet, a ratchet structure, a first through hole, and a second through hole; the rotor magnet is periodically arranged on the outer ring of the rotor to generate a rotating magnetic field; the ratchet structure is embedded in one side of the rotor and cooperates with the pawl to transmit torque in one direction; the first through hole is on one side of the rotor and is sleeved on the outer ring of the bearing; the second through hole is distributed on the other side.

[0022] The pawl support has a rhomboid structure, including a pawl, a pawl support gear, a pawl support opening, and a pawl support through hole. The pawl support gear is installed at the center of the rhomboid structure, and the pawl support through hole is opened at the two acute angles. The pawl is installed on the pawl support through hole through a pawl cylindrical tube. The pawl support gear meshes with the rack. The pawl support opening is sleeved with the second step of the sleeve.

[0023] The magnet spring mechanism includes a rack and a horizontal movable rod; the rack includes a rack movable rod, a right linear bearing, a rack spring, and a rack magnet;

[0024] The outer ring of the right linear bearing is fitted onto the rack bracket, and the inner ring is nested on the rack movable rod; the rack magnet is connected to the rack movable rod and moves linearly left and right together; one end of the rack spring is connected to the rack bracket, and the other end is connected to the rack magnet.

[0025] The right linear bearing is fitted with a rack and pinion rod, the end of which is coaxially connected to a rack and pinion spring and a rack and pinion magnet.

[0026] The horizontal movable rod includes a left linear bearing and a horizontal movable rod magnet; the outer ring of the left linear bearing is fitted onto the horizontal movable rod bracket, and the inner ring is nested on the horizontal movable rod.

[0027] The horizontal movable rod is sleeved on the left linear bearing, and the end of the horizontal movable rod is coaxially connected to the horizontal movable rod magnet, so that they move left and right in a straight line.

[0028] The rack magnet and the horizontal movable rod magnet are horizontally aligned and attracted to each other; the coils are distributed outside the stator support.

[0029] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0030] 1. This invention constructs a steady-state jump mechanism based on the energy barrier formed between magnetic attraction and spring tension, thereby improving the performance of the rotating energy trap.

[0031] 2. The present invention has a simple structure, stable operation, and can work under low-frequency vibration excitation.

[0032] 3. The magnetic stretching jump mechanism of the present invention, combined with the ratchet and pawl mechanism, realizes the conversion of bidirectional low-frequency vibration into unidirectional high-speed rotational motion. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the magnet spring mechanism of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the base structure of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the sleeve structure of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the rotor structure of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the ratchet structure of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0040] like Figure 1-6 As shown, an electromagnetic energy harvester based on magnetic stretching transition includes a base 1 and a sleeve 2 disposed on one side of the upper surface of the base 1, and a magnetic spring mechanism 5 disposed on the other side. A rotor 3 rotates inside the sleeve 2, driven by a pawl support 5, and interacts with coils 2-3 to generate an induced current. A pawl support gear 4-2 on the pawl support 4 meshes with a rack 5-1 to transmit torque. Under mechanical vibration, the magnetic spring mechanism 5 stores mechanical energy and releases it instantaneously. The released spring force drives the rack 5-1 to reciprocate, and the rack 5-1 drives the pawl support gear 4-2, causing the pawl support 4 to rotate.

[0041] like Figure 1As shown: The device includes a rack 5-1 and a horizontal movable rod 5-2. The rack includes a rack movable rod 5-1-4, a right linear bearing 5-1-1, a rack spring 5-1-2, and a rack magnet 5-1-3. The outer ring of the right linear bearing 5-1-1 is fitted onto the rack support, and the inner ring is nested on the rack movable rod 5-1-4. The rack magnet 5-1-3 is connected to the rack movable rod 5-1-4, and they move linearly left and right together. The right side of the rack spring 5-1-2 is fixed to the rack support 1-1, and the left side is fixed to the rack magnet 5-1-3. The horizontal movable rod 5-2 includes a left linear bearing 5-2-1 and a horizontal movable rod magnet 5-2-2. The outer ring of the left linear bearing 5-2-1 is fitted onto the horizontal movable rod support 1-2, and the inner ring is nested on the horizontal movable rod 5-2. The horizontal movable rod magnet 5-2-2 is connected to the horizontal movable rod 5-2, and they move linearly left and right together.

[0042] like Figure 2 As shown, the base 1 includes a rack bracket 1-1 on the right side of the base 1 and a horizontal movable rod bracket 1-2 on the left side of the base 1; the rack bracket 1-1 includes a through hole 1-1-1 thereon, in which a right linear bearing 5-1-1 is placed to restrict the left and right linear movement of the rack; the horizontal movable rod bracket 1-2 includes a through hole 1-2-1 thereon, in which a left linear bearing 5-2-1 is placed to restrict the left and right linear movement of the horizontal movable rod.

[0043] like Figure 3 As shown, the sleeve 2 includes a central shaft 2-1, a stator support 2-2, and a bearing 2-3; the central shaft 2-1 includes a first step 2-1-1 and a second step 2-1-2; the first step 2-1-1 is sleeved with the inner ring of the bearing 3; the second step 2-1-2 is sleeved with the inner ring of the pawl support through hole 4-3, so that the pawl support 4 can cooperate with the ratchet structure 3-3 on the rotor 3 to transmit torque; the protrusion 2-2-1 on the stator support 2-2 is used to fix the coil 2-3, and the sleeve, as part of the fixing component, is used to sleeve the bearing 2-3 and fix the coil 2-3. The coil 2-3 generates electricity through relative rotational motion with the magnet 3-4.

[0044] like Figure 4 As shown, the rotor 3 includes a rotor magnet 3-4, a ratchet structure 3-3, a first through hole 3-1, and a second through hole 3-2. The rotor magnet 3-4 is periodically arranged on the outer ring of the rotor 3 to generate a rotating magnetic field. The ratchet structure 3-3 is embedded in one side of the rotor and cooperates with the pawl 4-1 to convert bidirectional rotational motion into unidirectional rotational motion. The first through hole 3-1 is on one side of the rotor and is sleeved on the outer ring of the bearing 2-4. The rotor 3 is connected to the sleeve 2 through the bearing 2-4 and rotates relative to the sleeve 2. The second through hole 3-2 is distributed on the other side and is used to pass through the central axis 2-1 of the sleeve 2.

[0045] like Figure 5 As shown, the pawl support 4 includes a pawl 4-1, a pawl support gear 4-2, a pawl support opening 4-3, and a pawl support through hole 4-4. The pawl cylindrical tube 4-1-1 of the pawl 4-1 is sleeved in the pawl support through hole 4-4, allowing the pawl 4-1 to rotate relative to the pawl support 4. The pawl support gear 4-2 meshes with a rack to transmit torque. The pawl support opening 4-3 is sleeved with the second step 2-1-2 of the sleeve, allowing the pawl support 4 to transmit torque unidirectionally when it moves relative to the rotor 3.

[0046] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the overall assembly of the present invention, which can be used as a reference for understanding the present invention.

[0047] This invention relates to a ratchet-pawl driven rotary electromagnetic energy harvester. In particular, its mechanism based on magnetic stretching and jumping improves the instantaneous torque of the ratchet-pawl drive. It has a wide range of applications, suitable for various electronic devices and systems, especially in low-power applications and scenarios where battery replacement is inconvenient. Examples include wireless sensor networks, remote monitoring equipment, wearable devices, and IoT devices.

[0048] This invention can convert reciprocating vibrations in production, daily life, or the natural environment into unidirectional high-speed rotational motion of a rotor. Based on the energy barrier formed between magnetic attraction and spring tension, this invention constructs a steady-state transition mechanism, realizing the storage and instantaneous release of horizontal mechanical energy.

[0049] Compared with existing motion conversion mechanisms, this invention has the characteristics of simple structure, high speed and wide bandwidth.

[0050] Working principle of the invention:

[0051] Under mechanical vibration, the horizontal movable rod 5-2 moves to the left relative to the base 1. Due to the attraction between the rack magnet 5-1-3 and the horizontal movable rod magnet 5-2-2, the rack movable rod 5-1-4 is pulled to the left. Meanwhile, the ratchet support gear 4-2, which engages with the rack movable rod 5-1-4, is driven to rotate counterclockwise. At this time, due to the unidirectional rotation mechanism of the ratchet and pawl, the gear does not drive the rotor to rotate and generate electricity.

[0052] As the horizontal movable rod 5-2 moves to the left, the tension of the rack spring 5-1-2 gradually increases, exceeding the attraction of the magnet. When the structure just crosses the critical point of equilibrium between magnetic force and tension, the elastic potential energy stored in the rack movable rod 5-1-4 and rack spring 5-1-2 mechanism is released instantaneously, causing the rack movable rod 5-1-4 to pop out instantaneously to the right relative to the base 1, thereby driving the gear to rotate clockwise.

[0053] When the rotor rotates, the magnet embedded in the rotor 3 and the coil 2-3 wound on the stator support 2-2 generate relative motion, thereby outputting electrical energy using the law of electromagnetic induction.

[0054] The parts not described in detail in this embodiment are common and well-known methods in the industry, and will not be described one by one here. The above examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention. All designs that are the same as or similar to the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electromagnetic energy harvester based on magnetic stretching transition, characterized in that, It includes a base (1) and a sleeve (2) provided on one side of the upper surface of the base (1) and a magnetic spring mechanism (5) provided on the other side; the rotor (3) rotates inside the sleeve (2), and the rotor (3) rotates under the drive of the pawl support (4), and interacts with the coil (2-3) to generate an induced current; the pawl support gear (4-2) on the pawl support (4) meshes with the rack (5-1) to transmit torque; under the action of mechanical vibration, the magnetic spring mechanism (5) is used to store mechanical energy and release it instantaneously; the released elastic force drives the rack (5-1) to reciprocate, and the rack (5-1) drives the pawl support gear (4-2), which drives the pawl support (4) to rotate; The magnet spring mechanism (5) includes a rack (5-1) and a horizontal movable rod (5-2); the rack (5-1) includes a rack movable rod (5-1-4), a right linear bearing (5-1-1), a rack spring (5-1-2), and a rack magnet (5-1-3). The outer ring of the right linear bearing (5-1-1) is sleeved with the through hole (1-1-1) on the rack support (1-1), and the inner ring is nested on the rack movable rod (5-1-4); the rack magnet (5-1-3) is connected to the rack movable rod (5-1-4) and moves linearly left and right together; one end of the rack spring (5-1-2) is connected to the rack support (1-1), and the other end is connected to the rack magnet (5-1-3); The outer ring of the left linear bearing (5-2-1) is fitted onto the horizontal movable rod bracket (1-2), and the inner ring is nested onto the horizontal movable rod (5-2); The end of the horizontal movable rod (5-2) is coaxially connected to the horizontal movable rod magnet (5-2-2), and they move left and right in a straight line together; The rack magnet (5-1-3) and the horizontal movable rod magnet (5-2-2) are horizontally facing each other, and they are attracted to each other.

2. The electromagnetic energy harvester based on magnetic stretching transition according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base (1) includes a rack support (1-1) near the sleeve (2) and a horizontal movable rod support (1-2) away from the sleeve (2); the rack support (1-1) and the horizontal movable rod support (1-2) are on the same horizontal line.

3. An electromagnetic energy harvester based on magnetic stretching transition according to claim 2, characterized in that, The rack support (1-1) includes a through hole (1-1-1) thereon; the horizontal movable rod support (1-2) includes a through hole (1-2-1) thereon. The through hole (1-1-1) on the rack bracket (1-1) is sleeved with the right linear bearing (5-1-1); the through hole (1-2-1) on the horizontal movable rod bracket (1-2) is sleeved with the left linear bearing (5-2-1).

4. An electromagnetic energy trap based on magnetic stretching transition according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sleeve (2) includes a central shaft (2-1), a stator support (2-2), a coil (2-3), and a bearing (2-4); The central shaft (2-1) includes a first step (2-1-1) and a second step (2-1-2) arranged on the same axis; the first step (2-1-1) is sleeved with the inner ring of the bearing (2-4); the protrusion on the stator bracket (2-2) is used to fix the coil (2-3). The first step (2-1-1) and the second step (2-1-2) on the central shaft (2-1) are connected in sequence to the bearing (2-4) and the pawl bracket (4).

5. An electromagnetic energy trap based on magnetic stretching transition according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotor (3) includes a rotor magnet (3-4), a ratchet structure (3-3), a first through hole (3-1), and a second through hole (3-2). The rotor magnets (3-4) are periodically arranged on the outer ring of the rotor (3) to generate a rotating magnetic field; the ratchet structure (3-3) is embedded in one side of the rotor (3) and cooperates with the pawl (4-1) to transmit torque in one direction; the first through hole (3-1) is on one side of the rotor (3) and is sleeved on the outer ring of the bearing (2-4).

6. An electromagnetic energy trap based on magnetic stretching transition according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pawl support (4) has a rhomboid structure and includes a pawl (4-1), a pawl support gear (4-2), a pawl support opening (4-3), and a pawl support through hole (4-4). A pawl support gear (4-2) is installed at the center of the rhomboid structure, and pawl support through holes (4-4) are opened at the two acute angles. Pawl (4-1) is installed on the pawl support through holes (4-4) through a pawl cylindrical tube (4-1-1). The ratchet bracket gear (4-2) meshes with the rack (5-1); the ratchet bracket opening (4-3) is sleeved with the second step (2-1-2) of the sleeve (2).

7. An electromagnetic energy trap based on magnetic stretching transition according to claim 1, characterized in that, The right linear bearing (5-1-1) is fitted with a rack movable rod (5-1-4), and the rack movable rod (5-1-4) is coaxially connected with the rack spring (5-1-2) and the rack magnet (5-1-3).

8. An electromagnetic energy trap based on magnetic stretching transition according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coils (2-3) are distributed outside the stator support (2-2).

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