A cross-stage ore drawing mining method for steeply inclined thin vein deep hole drilling

Abstract

A kind of steeply inclined thin vein deep hole rock drilling cross stage ore falling mining method, when mining chamber is drilled, it is carried out in two sections, upward drilling blast hole is used in the vein roadway at the bottom of mining chamber, until the ore roadway of last stage, the blast hole of next stage mining chamber is drilled in the same vein roadway, until the ore roadway of next stage;Then the charging of blast hole of last stage mining chamber and blast hole of next stage mining chamber is completed in the same vein roadway, when blasting, cross mining chamber blasting is carried out, i.e.the part below the ore roadway of last stage mining chamber and the part above the ore roadway of next stage mining chamber are simultaneously detonated, after blasting, ore is all fallen in the ore roadway of next stage, and is slid to the electric rake way by gravity, and then is discharged by short chute, after ore discharge is completed, the above steps are repeated, the method ensures operation safety, improves stope production capacity, reduces ore backlog, has good feasibility, can be popularized and applied in the same type of mine, and has broad application prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mining technology for steeply inclined tungsten ore bodies, and in particular to a deep-hole drilling method for multi-stage ore extraction in steeply inclined thin veins. Background Technology

[0002] Steeply dipping thin ore bodies typically refer to ore bodies with a dip angle greater than 50° and a thickness of less than 5 meters. They are widely distributed in my country's non-ferrous metal mines, especially in tungsten, tin, and gold mines, where they constitute a significant proportion. Currently, shallow-hole stoping is one of the main mining methods for these types of veins in China. Statistics show that shallow-hole stoping accounts for over 70% of mining methods in tungsten and gold mines, and 38% in underground non-ferrous metal mines. However, shallow-hole stoping suffers from problems such as high labor intensity for workers, poor operational safety, low production capacity in the stope, and the temporary retention of most mined ore in the stope, resulting in a large amount of capital tied up. Furthermore, this mining method relies on manual labor, requiring a large number of personnel in each stope, resulting in low production capacity and relatively high production costs, directly impacting the scale and profitability of mining enterprises. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention addresses the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a deep-hole drilling and multi-stage ore extraction method for steeply inclined thin veins that reduces labor intensity, ensures operational safety, improves mining capacity, and reduces ore accumulation.

[0004] A deep-hole drilling method for multi-stage ore extraction in steeply inclined thin veins, specifically including the following steps:

[0005] S1. Structural division; the mining area is arranged along the strike of the ore body;

[0006] S2. Preparatory Cutting: The vein roadway extends to one side of the bottom of the stope. Along the vein direction, a vein roadway is opened, which is connected to the vein roadway. The stope of the previous stage and the stope of the next stage are separated by the vein roadway. A cutting riser is opened in the center of the stope along the ore body direction, which connects all the vein roadways of the stopes. A ventilation riser is opened inside the pillars of the stope along the ore body direction. At the end of the ventilation riser, a receiving roadway is opened along the vein parallel to the vein roadway. Multiple ore inlets are opened at the bottom of the receiving roadway. The receiving roadway is connected to the electric scraper track through the ore inlets and the ore inlets. At both ends of the electric scraper track, vertically arranged short chutes are set up to connect with the vein roadway.

[0007] S3. Stope mining: The blasting of stopes is carried out in two stages. In the vein roadway at the bottom of the stope, blasting is carried out upwards until the receiving roadway of the previous stage is reached. In the same vein roadway, blasting is carried out into the stope of the next stage until the receiving roadway of the next stage is reached. Then, in the same vein roadway, the blasting of the blasting holes of the previous stage stope and the blasting of the blasting holes of the next stage stope are loaded with explosives. During blasting, cross-stope blasting is carried out, that is, the part below the receiving roadway of the previous stage stope and the part above the receiving roadway of the next stage stope are detonated simultaneously. After the blasting, the ore falls into the receiving roadway of the next stage and flows to the electric scraper by its own weight, and is then released through the short pass. After the ore release is completed, step S3 is repeated.

[0008] In this embodiment, in step S1, the stope height is 50-60m, the stope length is 50-60m, the stope width is 1.5-5.0m, the pillar width is 3-7m, and no top or bottom pillars are left. Since no top or bottom pillars are needed, the loss of ore resources can be reduced.

[0009] In this embodiment, in step S2, the height of the pedestrian ventilation well is 15-20m, which is about one-third of the height of the mining area.

[0010] In this embodiment, in step S2, an inlet is opened at the bottom of the receiving roadway every 5 to 6 meters.

[0011] In this embodiment, step S2 involves using a single-stage deep-hole blasting technique to create the cut-out well. Specifically, a single-stage drilling process is employed, with the drilling height equal to the stope height. The well is then blasted in stages to form a circular cut-out well with a diameter of 3.5m.

[0012] In this embodiment, in step S2, the horizontal height of the receiving roadway is higher than that of the electric scraper roadway, and the ore inlet is provided with a deflection angle that matches the natural angle of repose of the ore. Specifically, the inclination angle of the receiving roadway is 30° to 40°.

[0013] In this embodiment, in step S3, the blast holes are drilled using a down-the-hole drill. During drilling, the down-the-hole drill is positioned once within the vein roadway before completing the drilling of blast holes for the next and previous ore blocks. This reduces the drilling rig positioning steps and improves drilling efficiency.

[0014] In this embodiment, in step S3, the blast holes of the previous stage mine and the blast holes of the next stage mine are both parallel deep holes.

[0015] In this embodiment, the blast holes are arranged in an alternating pattern with a hole spacing of 1 to 1.5 m and a row spacing of 1.3 to 1.8 m. The blast hole diameter is 130 mm, and a reinforcing row is arranged every two rows.

[0016] In this embodiment, in step S3, the detonation network employs a hybrid initiation network of detonators and detonating cords. The detonating cord is led from the bottom charge of the borehole to the borehole opening, and two initiating detonators are tied to the detonating cord of each borehole. The leads of the two initiating detonators are then activated by a capacitor-activated detonator via a long-delay detonator. In the hybrid initiation network, the leads of the two initiating detonators in each borehole are connected to the main detonating cord in a fishbone-like pattern, with a length of 15-20 cm. The detonating detonators and the main detonating cord have the same detonation propagation direction and an angle of 60°. The use of two initiating detonators ensures the reliability of the initiation.

[0017] With the above structure, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0018] 1. Since the blasting is cross-block, that is, the part below the receiving roadway of the previous block and the part above the receiving roadway of the next block are detonated at the same time. After the blasting, the ore falls into the receiving roadway of the next block and slides to the electric scraper by its own weight. This reduces the number of drilling and blasting cycles, and the amount of blasting is large each time, which improves production efficiency.

[0019] 2. Since the drilling of blast holes is carried out inside the tunnel, the safety of workers is guaranteed.

[0020] 3. After blasting, the ore is transported to the electric scraper track by its own weight. By utilizing the electric scraper track and short pass, the ore can be extracted in a concentrated manner and can be transported out at any time, greatly reducing the stockpiling of ore.

[0021] In summary, the mining method of this invention significantly improves blasting and ore extraction efficiency compared to existing shallow-hole ore-holding methods. This method reduces labor intensity, ensures operational safety, increases stope production capacity, and reduces ore stockpiling. It has good feasibility and can be promoted and applied in similar mines, showing broad application prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the mining site of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the mining site of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 1 Cross-sectional view along direction III-III.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the arrangement of blast holes along the vein tunnel of the present invention.

[0026] In the diagram, 1. Inter-pillar; 2. Along-vein roadway; 3. Through-vein roadway; 4. Pedestrian ventilation shaft; 5. Receiving ore roadway; 6. Cutting shaft; 7. Previous stage along-vein roadway; 8. Blasting hole; 9. Previous stage stope; 10. Next stage stope; 11. Incoming ore roadway; 12. Electric scraper roadway; 13. Short chute; 14. Blasting hole; 15. Reinforced blasting hole. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other, but only if they are feasible for those skilled in the art. If the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

[0029] like Figure 1 , 2 As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the present invention includes a method for deep-hole drilling and multi-stage ore extraction mining of steeply inclined thin veins, comprising the following steps:

[0030] S1. Structural parameters: The stope is arranged along the strike of the ore body, with a stope height of 50-60m, a stope length of 50-60m, a stope width of 1.5-5.0m, and a pillar width of 13-7m. No top or bottom pillars are left.

[0031] S2. Cutting and preparation: From the bottom of the stope through the vein roadway 3, a vein-adjacent roadway 2 is chiseled along the vein direction within the vein roadway 3. A cutting riser 6 is arranged in the center of the stope through the vein-adjacent roadway 2. A ventilation riser 4 is chiseled upward within the inter-pillar 1. The height of the ventilation riser 4 is one-third of the stope height. A receiving roadway 5 is chiseled along the vein at this location. Ore inlets are set at the bottom of the receiving roadway 5 every 5-6m. The angle of inlet is the angle of repose of the ore. The ore is delivered from the ore inlets through the receiving roadway 11 to the electric scraper chute 12. Short chutes 13 are arranged at both ends of the electric scraper chute 12 to extract large quantities of ore.

[0032] S3. Stope Mining: The blasting of blast holes 8 in the stope is carried out in two stages. In the vein roadway 2 at the bottom of the stope, blast holes 8 are drilled upwards until reaching the receiving roadway 5 of the previous stage. Then, in the same vein roadway 2, blast holes 8 are drilled into the next stage stope until reaching the next stage receiving roadway 5. Then, within the same vein roadway 2, the blast holes 8 of the previous stage stope 9 and the next stage stope 10 are charged. During blasting, cross-stope blasting is performed, meaning the portion below the receiving roadway 5 of the previous stage stope 9 and the portion above the receiving roadway 5 of the next stage stope 10 are detonated simultaneously. After blasting, the ore falls into the receiving roadway 5 of the next stage, flows under its own weight to the electric scraper chute 12, and is then discharged through the short chute 13. After the ore discharge is completed, step S3 is repeated. Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, only one blast hole is set in each row of blast holes for thin veins. The blast holes in adjacent rows are staggered. The hole spacing between adjacent rows is 1 to 1.5 m, the row spacing between adjacent rows is 1.3 to 1.8 m, and the blast hole diameter is 130 mm. A row of reinforcing blast holes is arranged every two rows of blast holes. The blast hole diameter and hole spacing of the reinforcing blast holes match the blast holes in front.

[0033] During the blasting of the mining operation, the lower blast holes 8 of the stope and the upper blast holes 8 of the next stage stope 10 are charged in the same vein roadway 2. The blasting is carried out simultaneously, and cross-stage blasting is performed. Mining is carried out from the raise to both sides. The blasting network adopts a mixed blasting network of detonators and detonating cords. After the detonating cord is led out from the bottom charge of the blast hole to the opening, two detonators are tied to the detonating cord of each blast hole. The lead wires of the two detonators are then activated by a capacitor-activated detonator through a long-delay detonator. In the mixed blasting network, the lead wires of the two detonators in each blast hole are connected to the main detonating cord in a fishbone pattern, with a length of 15-20cm. The detonator and the main detonating cord have the same detonation direction and an angle of about 60°.

[0034] S4. Ventilation in the mining area: After mining and blasting, local ventilation is adopted. Fresh air is forced in from the middle section along the haulage roadway, enters the mining area working space, and cleans the working face. Stale air is discharged from the upper middle section through the cutting head 6.

[0035] S5. Ore extraction: The collapsed ore enters the receiving roadway 5 and, by its own weight, flows through the ore inlet to the electric scraper roadway 12. The electric scraper is used to scrape the ore to the short chute 13. The ore then reaches the middle transport roadway through the short chute 13 and is transported out using a loader and mine car.

[0036] S6. Backfilling: After the mining of the stope in this area is completed, waste rock or tailings can be used to backfill the goaf to improve the stability of the surrounding rock.

[0037] Example:

[0038] A tungsten deposit in southern Jiangxi is a wolframite deposit. The ore body is hosted in quartzite and is a steeply dipping ore body with an average dip angle of over 65°. The ore body occurs in layers with complex thickness variations. A certain block of the mine adopts the deep-hole ore extraction method for the entire section of steeply dipping thin veins described in this invention.

[0039] Structural parameters are defined as follows: the stope is arranged along the strike of the ore body, with a stope height of 57m, a stope length of 50m, a stope width of 3m, and inter-pillars of 5m. No top or bottom pillars are left.

[0040] Cutting preparation: From the bottom of the stope through the vein roadway 3, the vein roadway 2 is chiseled along the vein direction. A cutting riser 6 is arranged in the center of the stope through the vein roadway 2. A ventilation riser 4 is chiseled upward from the column 1. The height of the ventilation riser 4 is one-third of the stope height. A receiving roadway 5 is chiseled along the vein at this position. Ore inlets are set at the bottom of the receiving roadway 5 every 5 to 6 m. Ore is transported from the ore inlets to the electric scraper roadway 12 through the ore inlets and the electric scraper roadway 11. Short chutes 13 are arranged at both ends of the electric scraper roadway 12 to transport the ore to the stage transport roadway.

[0041] Stope mining: Drilling of the stope is carried out in two stages. Down-the-hole drills are used to drill upwards in the vein roadway 2 at the bottom of the stope until the receiving roadway 5 is reached. Drilling continues from the same location into the next stage stope until the next stage receiving roadway 5 is reached. Similarly, the blast holes 8 in the upper part of the stope are completed in the vein roadway 2 of the previous stage. During blasting, cross-stage blasting is performed, meaning the lower half of the previous stage stope 9 and the upper half of the current stage are blasted together. After blasting, the ore falls into the receiving roadway 5, flows under its own weight to the electric scraper chute 12, and is then discharged through the short pass 13. After the ore discharge is completed, the next blasting is carried out in the same way, meaning the lower half of the current stage and the upper half of the next stage are blasted together.

[0042] Ventilation in the mining area: After mining and blasting, local ventilation is adopted. Fresh air is forced in from the middle section along the haulage roadway, enters the mining area working space, and cleans the working face. Stale air is discharged from the upper middle section through the cutting head 6.

[0043] Ore extraction: The collapsed ore enters the receiving roadway 5 and, by its own weight, flows through the ore inlet to the electric scraper roadway 12. The electric scraper is used to scrape the ore to the short chute 13. The ore then reaches the middle transport roadway through the short chute 13 and is transported out by a loader and a mine car.

[0044] Backfilling: After the mining of the stope in the area is completed, waste rock or tailings cemented backfilling can be used to fill the goaf to improve the stability of the surrounding rock.

[0045] Comparative example:

[0046] The same mining area is mined using the existing shallow-hole ore-stopping method. Since the shallow-hole ore-stopping method is an existing technology, the process will not be described in detail here.

[0047] The above embodiments and comparative examples show that the mining method of the present invention has greatly improved the blasting and ore extraction efficiency compared with the existing shallow hole ore retention method, as shown in the table below: Comparison of some technical indicators between the shallow hole ore retention method and the new method.

[0048]

[0049] It is evident that the mining method of this invention significantly improves blasting and ore extraction efficiency compared to existing shallow-hole ore-holding methods. This method reduces labor intensity, ensures operational safety, improves mine production capacity, and reduces ore stockpiling. It has good feasibility and can be promoted and applied in similar mines, showing broad application prospects.

[0050] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural transformations made under the concept of the present invention using the description and drawings of the present invention, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for deep-hole drilling and multi-stage ore extraction mining of steeply inclined thin veins, characterized in that: Specifically, the steps include the following: S1, Divide the structure; The mining area is arranged along the strike of the ore body, with a mining area height of 50-60m, a mining area length of 50-60m, a mining width of 1.5-5.0m, and a pillar width of 3-7m, without leaving top and bottom pillars; S2, Cutting and Cutting: The cutting roadway (3) is used to reach the bottom of the stope. A roadway (2) is opened along the direction of the ore vein. The stope of the previous stage and the stope of the next stage are separated by the roadway (2). A cutting riser (6) is opened in the center of the stope along the strike of the ore body to connect all the roadways along the ore vein. A ventilation riser (4) is opened inside the pillar (1) of the stope along the strike of the ore body. At the end of the ventilation riser (4), a roadway (2) is opened along the ore vein. Parallel receiving roadway (5) with multiple ore inlets at the bottom. The receiving roadway (5) is connected to the electric scraper roadway (12) through the ore inlets and the ore inlet roadway (11). The electric scraper roadway (12) has vertically arranged short chute (13) at both ends connected to the cross-vein roadway (3). The horizontal height of the receiving roadway (5) is higher than that of the electric scraper roadway (12), so that the ore inlet roadway (11) forms a deflection angle, which matches the natural angle of repose of the ore. S3, Stope mining: In the vein roadway (2) at the bottom of the stope, blast holes (8) are drilled upwards until the receiving roadway (5) of the previous stage is reached. In the same vein roadway (2), blast holes (8) are drilled towards the next stage stope until the receiving roadway (5) of the next stage is reached. Then, in the same vein roadway (2), the blast holes (8) of the previous stage stope (9) and the blast holes (8) of the next stage stope (10) are loaded with explosives. During blasting, cross-stope blasting is carried out, that is, the part below the receiving roadway of the previous stage stope (9) and the part above the receiving roadway of the next stage stope (10) are detonated at the same time. After blasting, the ore falls into the receiving roadway (5) of the next stage and slides to the electric scraper roadway (12) by its own weight. Then it is released by the short chute (13). After the ore is released, step S3 is repeated.

2. The deep-hole drilling and multi-stage ore extraction method for steeply inclined thin veins according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the height of the pedestrian ventilation well (4) is 15-20m.

3. The deep-hole drilling and multi-stage ore extraction method for steeply inclined thin veins according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, an inlet is opened at the bottom of the receiving roadway (5) every 5 to 6 meters.

4. The deep-hole drilling and multi-stage ore extraction method for steeply inclined thin veins according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the wellhead (6) is cut using a one-time deep-hole blasting technique.

5. The deep-hole drilling and multi-stage ore extraction method for steeply inclined thin veins according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the blast holes (8) are drilled using a down-the-hole drill. During drilling, the down-the-hole drill is positioned once in the vein roadway (2) and then drills the blast holes (8) for the next stage of the mine (9) and the next stage of the mine (10).

6. The deep-hole drilling and multi-stage ore extraction method for steeply inclined thin veins according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the blast holes (8) of the previous stage mine (9) and the blast holes (8) of the next stage mine (10) are both parallel deep holes.

7. The deep-hole drilling and multi-stage ore extraction method for steeply inclined thin veins according to claim 5, characterized in that: The blast holes (8) are arranged in an alternating pattern with a hole spacing of 1 to 1.5 m and a row spacing of 1.3 to 1.8 m. The diameter of the blast holes (8) is 130 mm, and a reinforcing row is arranged every two rows.

8. The deep-hole drilling and multi-stage ore extraction method for steeply inclined thin veins according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S3, the detonation network adopts a mixed detonation network of detonating detonators and detonating cords. After the detonating cord is led out from the explosive charge at the bottom of the borehole to the borehole opening, two detonating detonators are tied to the detonating cord of each borehole. The lead wires of the two detonating detonators are then activated by a capacitor-activated detonator through a long-delay detonator. In the mixed detonation network, the lead wires of the two detonating detonators in each borehole are connected to the main detonating cord in a fishbone pattern, with a length of 15-20cm. The detonating detonators and the main detonating cord have the same detonation transmission direction.

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