A method and apparatus for adjusting the posture of photovoltaic panels in a photovoltaic device.

Abstract

This invention discloses a method and apparatus for adjusting the attitude of a photovoltaic panel in a photovoltaic (PV) device. The method involves acquiring current airflow velocity information and the attitude information of the PV panel; when predetermined adjustment conditions are met, calculating the angle between the airflow velocity vector and the sun-facing normal of the panel in the same coordinate system; controlling the PV device to rotate so that the airflow velocity vector is substantially perpendicular to the sun-facing normal of the panel; while maintaining this perpendicularity, adjusting the PV panel attitude from multiple angles and recording the output current value and corresponding attitude value of the panel in different attitudes; based on the recorded information, selecting the maximum current value and its corresponding attitude; and adjusting the PV panel to the attitude corresponding to the maximum current value. This method effectively improves the ability of PV devices to cope with extreme weather conditions, reduces the probability of equipment damage, and lowers operating costs.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of application number 202110905132.9, with the original application date being August 6, 2021, and the invention title being: A method and device for adjusting the posture of a photovoltaic panel in a photovoltaic device. Technical Field

[0002] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaics, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for adjusting the posture of photovoltaic panels in a photovoltaic device. Background Technology

[0003] Existing photovoltaic (PV) power plants are often located in open, sunny areas such as deserts and the sea. However, due to the lack of shading in these areas, high-speed airflow during extreme weather conditions can exert significant thrust and torque on the PV panels, even overturning them and damaging their supporting structures. Furthermore, when the windward side of the PV panels is large, debris such as rocks carried by the airflow can easily damage the panels, affecting subsequent power generation efficiency. Due to the location limitations of PV power plants, repairing damaged equipment incurs high costs for material transportation and labor. Currently, the main solutions to these problems are strengthening the supporting structure of the equipment or using high-strength materials to manufacture the equipment to cope with severe weather conditions. However, these solutions still suffer from high manufacturing costs and maintenance difficulties. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To overcome the above problems, this invention provides a method and apparatus for adjusting the posture of photovoltaic panels in photovoltaic equipment. This effectively improves the ability of photovoltaic equipment to cope with extreme weather conditions, reduces the probability of equipment damage, and ultimately effectively reduces the overall maintenance cost of the equipment and the operating cost of the photovoltaic power station.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, according to one aspect of the present invention, a method for adjusting the posture of a photovoltaic panel in a photovoltaic device is provided, comprising:

[0006] Obtain current airflow velocity information and photovoltaic panel attitude information of the photovoltaic equipment;

[0007] When the speed of the airflow exceeds a preset threshold, the load of the airflow on the panel is calculated. When the load exceeds the preset threshold, the angle between the velocity vector of the airflow and the normal of the panel facing the sun in the current posture is calculated in the same coordinate system.

[0008] Control the rotation of the photovoltaic equipment so that the velocity vector of the airflow is substantially perpendicular to the normal of the sun-facing panel;

[0009] While keeping the velocity vector of the airflow basically perpendicular to the normal of the panel, the attitude of the photovoltaic panel is adjusted from multiple angles, and the output current value and corresponding attitude value of the panel under different attitudes are recorded.

[0010] Based on the recorded information, the maximum current value and its corresponding orientation are selected; the photovoltaic panel is then adjusted to the orientation corresponding to the maximum current value.

[0011] Optionally, the drive mechanism for controlling the rotation of the photovoltaic equipment is a hydraulic motor. The inlet and outlet of the hydraulic motor are respectively connected to the outlet of the hydraulic lock. The inlet of the hydraulic lock is respectively connected to the working port of the three-position four-way directional valve. The neutral position function of the three-position four-way directional valve is O-type.

[0012] Optionally, after controlling the rotation of the photovoltaic device to make the velocity vector of the airflow substantially perpendicular to the normal of the panel, the method further includes:

[0013] Monitor the output current of the photovoltaic panel. When the output current is basically zero, control the photovoltaic equipment to rotate 180 degrees.

[0014] Optionally, the multi-angle adjustment of the photovoltaic panel's orientation includes:

[0015] Rotate the photovoltaic panel along the sun-facing normal of the panel and / or rotate the photovoltaic panel in a plane parallel to the airflow direction.

[0016] Optionally, the rotating photovoltaic panel includes:

[0017] The photovoltaic panel can be rotated along the sun-facing normal of the panel within a discrete preset range and / or within a plane parallel to the airflow direction within a discrete preset range.

[0018] Optionally, before rotating the photovoltaic panel by discrete preset ranges, the following steps are also included:

[0019] Calculate the stroke of each drive mechanism when the stroke of each drive mechanism is equal during the process of adjusting the photovoltaic panel from the current posture to the next preset posture.

[0020] The fluid flow rate allocated to each drive mechanism is calculated based on the corresponding stroke, and the valve opening of the flow control unit corresponding to each drive mechanism is controlled based on the fluid flow rate to control the photovoltaic panel to reach the next preset posture.

[0021] Optionally, adjusting the photovoltaic panel to the posture corresponding to the maximum current value further includes:

[0022] During the process of adjusting the photovoltaic panel from its current posture to the posture corresponding to the maximum current value, calculate the stroke of each drive mechanism when the stroke of each drive mechanism is equal.

[0023] The fluid flow rate allocated to each drive mechanism is calculated based on the corresponding stroke, and the valve opening of the flow control unit corresponding to each drive mechanism is controlled based on the fluid flow rate to control the photovoltaic panel to reach the posture corresponding to the maximum current value.

[0024] Optionally, the driving mechanism is a hydraulic cylinder, the inlet and outlet of which are respectively connected to the outlet of a hydraulic lock; the inlet of the hydraulic lock is respectively connected to the working port of a three-position four-way directional valve, the inlet of which is connected to the outlet of a flow control unit, and the neutral position function of the three-position four-way directional valve is O-type.

[0025] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a photovoltaic panel attitude adjustment device for a photovoltaic device is provided, the adjustment device being used to implement the method described in the first aspect of the present invention; the adjustment device includes:

[0026] Velocity sensor measurement is used to measure the current airflow speed information;

[0027] Attitude sensor measurement is used to measure the attitude information of the photovoltaic panels in the current photovoltaic equipment;

[0028] The control unit acquires the speed and attitude information, and when the speed of the airflow exceeds a preset threshold, calculates the load of the airflow on the panel. When the load exceeds the preset threshold, it calculates the angle between the speed vector of the airflow in the same coordinate system and the normal of the panel facing the sun in the current attitude. Based on the angle information, it controls the photovoltaic device to rotate so that the speed vector of the airflow is basically perpendicular to the normal of the panel facing the sun.

[0029] While keeping the velocity vector of the airflow substantially perpendicular to the normal of the panel, the control unit adjusts the attitude of the photovoltaic panel from multiple angles and records the output current value and corresponding attitude value of the panel under different attitudes; and based on the recorded information, filters out the maximum current value and its corresponding attitude; and adjusts the photovoltaic panel to the attitude corresponding to the maximum current value.

[0030] Optional, also includes:

[0031] The control unit calculates the stroke of each drive mechanism when the photovoltaic panel adjusts from its current posture to the posture corresponding to the maximum current value, so that the strokes of each drive mechanism are equal. Based on the corresponding strokes, the control unit calculates the fluid flow rate allocated to each drive mechanism, and controls the valve opening of the flow control unit corresponding to each drive mechanism based on the fluid flow rate, so as to control the photovoltaic panel to reach the posture corresponding to the maximum current value.

[0032] The technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages or beneficial effects:

[0033] (1) By determining when the speed of the airflow exceeds a preset threshold, the load of the airflow on the panel is calculated. When the load exceeds the preset threshold, the angle information between the velocity vector of the airflow and the normal of the panel facing the sun under the current posture is calculated. The photovoltaic device is controlled to rotate so that the velocity vector of the airflow is basically perpendicular to the normal of the panel facing the sun. The photovoltaic device can be adjusted only under specific conditions, effectively avoiding the problem of frequently adjusting the posture of the device, so that the device is in a normal and efficient working state most of the time, and improving the power generation efficiency of the panel.

[0034] (2) By keeping the velocity vector of the airflow basically perpendicular to the normal of the panel, the attitude of the photovoltaic panel is adjusted at multiple angles, and the output current value and corresponding attitude value of the panel under different attitudes are recorded; based on the recorded information, the maximum current value and its corresponding attitude are selected; the photovoltaic panel is adjusted to the attitude corresponding to the maximum current value; the panel's frontal area can be reduced to the minimum (that is, the panel is adjusted to be parallel to the direction of airflow velocity), improving the equipment's ability to cope with extreme weather conditions. On this basis, the optimal power generation attitude is searched again to obtain high power generation efficiency.

[0035] (3) The drive mechanism for controlling the rotation of the photovoltaic equipment is a hydraulic motor. The inlet and outlet of the hydraulic motor are respectively connected to the outlet of a hydraulic lock. The inlet of the hydraulic lock is respectively connected to the working port of a three-position four-way directional valve. The neutral position function of the three-position four-way directional valve is O-type. The drive mechanism is a hydraulic cylinder. The inlet and outlet of the hydraulic cylinder are respectively connected to the outlet of the hydraulic lock. The inlet of the hydraulic lock is respectively connected to the working port of a three-position four-way directional valve. The inlet of the three-position four-way directional valve is connected to the outlet of a flow control unit. The neutral position function of the three-position four-way directional valve is O-type. Both of the above methods effectively utilize the O-type neutral position function of the directional valve and the hydraulic lock to construct a double locking mechanism, ensuring the stability of the equipment posture. At the same time, by fully utilizing the characteristics of the large output force and torque of the hydraulic drive mechanism, the equipment can have strong execution capability and can effectively cope with extreme climates or weather.

[0036] (4) Rotate the photovoltaic panel along the sun-facing normal of the panel within a discrete preset range and / or rotate the photovoltaic panel in a plane parallel to the airflow direction within a discrete preset range; it can quickly search for the best power generation posture, and combined with the interpolation algorithm, it can calculate the best power generation posture, reducing the search space and adjustment times.

[0037] (5) Calculate the fluid flow rate allocated to each drive mechanism according to the corresponding stroke, and control the valve opening of the flow control unit corresponding to each drive mechanism based on the fluid flow rate, so as to control the photovoltaic panel to reach the next preset posture; it can make the movement time of each drive mechanism the same according to the average allocated stroke of each drive structure, and quickly adjust the panel to the set position. Attached Figure Description

[0038] The accompanying drawings are provided to better understand the invention and are not intended to unduly limit the scope of the invention. Wherein:

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main process of the photovoltaic panel posture adjustment method of the photovoltaic device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the control mechanism of a photovoltaic device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, illustrates exemplary embodiments of the present invention, including various details to aid understanding. These details should be considered merely exemplary. Therefore, those skilled in the art will recognize that various changes and modifications can be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Similarly, for clarity and brevity, descriptions of well-known functions and structures are omitted in the following description.

[0043] According to one aspect of the present invention, a method for adjusting the posture of a photovoltaic panel in a photovoltaic device is provided.

[0044] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the main flow of a photovoltaic panel attitude adjustment method for a photovoltaic device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, a photovoltaic panel attitude adjustment method for a photovoltaic device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: steps S101-S105.

[0045] Step S101: Obtain the current airflow speed information and the photovoltaic panel attitude information of the photovoltaic device.

[0046] The weather in the area where a photovoltaic power station is located is constantly changing, with airflow magnitude and direction varying significantly with the seasons. Especially during the monsoon season, photovoltaic equipment is constantly exposed to airflow from specific directions. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor airflow information and photovoltaic panel attitude information, and adjust the attitude of the photovoltaic panels under specific conditions to reduce the wind force they experience. This invention exemplifies the use of sensors to acquire current airflow velocity information, such as velocity sensors, and attitude sensors to measure the photovoltaic panel attitude information. Alternatively, initial attitude information can be recorded during initial installation, and the adjustment amount can be recorded in real time during each adjustment process. The current attitude information can then be obtained through numerical calculations, and the adjustment history can be recorded for later retrieval.

[0047] Step S102: When the speed of the airflow exceeds a preset threshold, calculate the load of the airflow on the panel. When the load exceeds the preset threshold, calculate the angle information between the velocity vector of the airflow and the normal of the panel facing the sun in the current posture under the same coordinate system.

[0048] The components of a photovoltaic (PV) system are designed and manufactured according to actual needs. They are capable of withstanding certain harsh environments. Therefore, when the structural strength is sufficient to withstand wind force, panel orientation adjustment primarily focuses on meeting power generation requirements, i.e., adjusting the orientation to achieve maximum power generation efficiency. When the monitored airflow velocity exceeds a design threshold, it is necessary to consider adjusting the panel orientation. For example, the design threshold could be an airflow velocity of 25 m / s, 30 m / s, etc. In actual use, the angle between the panel and the airflow varies, resulting in different stress conditions. When the airflow velocity reaches the threshold, the wind force on the panel may still be less than the designed load-bearing threshold due to the different angles. Therefore, when the airflow velocity exceeds the preset threshold, it is also necessary to calculate the load of the airflow on the panel. The load referred to in this article is the thrust exerted on the windward side of the panel along the normal direction. Of course, it is also possible to consider all forces and moments along each coordinate axis as needed, and determine whether these forces and moments do not exceed the designed safety values. Furthermore, the panel load can also be measured by sensors. However, considering the various panel sizes, geometries, and connection methods between panel sub-units in practical applications, which lead to inconvenient sensor installation, poor versatility of sensor installation methods, and inaccurate measurements, this invention employs numerical calculation to obtain load values. It should be noted that the load described in this invention refers to the load acting in the normal direction of the photovoltaic panel, and its specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0049]

[0050] Where F is the load on the photovoltaic panel in the normal direction, ρ is the air density, S is the maximum frontal area of ​​the photovoltaic panel, v is the relative velocity between the airflow and the photovoltaic panel, and θ is the angle between the airflow velocity vector and the normal of the photovoltaic panel. That is, the load F can be obtained by projecting the airflow resistance onto the normal direction of the panel based on the angle between the airflow velocity vector and the panel. x The drag coefficient can be obtained through numerical simulation or experimentation. Depending on the application, loads parallel to the panel surface or forces and moments along other coordinate axes can also be calculated.

[0051] When the load exceeds a preset threshold, the angle between the airflow velocity vector and the sun-facing normal of the panel in the current attitude is calculated in the same coordinate system. Since both airflow and panel attitude are vectors, the measurement results will differ depending on the selected reference system. In practical use, it is necessary to transform the values ​​measured by each sensor to the same coordinate system, such as converting them to a ground coordinate system. Figure 2 The coordinate system shown is as follows. Alternatively, the ground coordinate system can also use the installation point of the photovoltaic device as the origin, with the x-axis parallel to the ground and the z-axis perpendicular to the ground. The y-axis can then be obtained using the right-hand rule, resulting in a rectangular coordinate system. Furthermore, within this same coordinate system, the velocity vector of the airflow and the normal to the sun-facing panel under the current orientation can be calculated (see appendix for details). Figure 2 The angle information between the normals shown in Figure 203.

[0052] Step S103: Control the photovoltaic device to rotate so that the velocity vector of the airflow is substantially perpendicular to the normal of the panel facing the sun.

[0053] like Figure 2 As shown, by reducing the airflow area of ​​the photovoltaic panel 202, the load of the airflow 201 on it can be effectively reduced. In practical use, the angle between the two can be adjusted appropriately to reduce the airflow area of ​​the photovoltaic panel. In extreme weather, quickly reducing the airflow area to a minimum can minimize the probability of panel damage and reduce maintenance and operating costs. Therefore, in extreme weather or climate conditions, this invention controls the rotation of the photovoltaic device 200 so that the velocity vector of the airflow is substantially perpendicular to the sun-facing normal 203 of the panel. That is, the velocity vector direction of the airflow is parallel to the sun-facing plane of the panel, minimizing the airflow area of ​​the panel. The mechanism driving the rotation of the photovoltaic device can be a motor, electric motor, hydraulic motor, etc., and the rotation angle is obtained from the angle information between the velocity vector of the airflow calculated in step S102 and the sun-facing normal of the panel in the current posture. Figure 2 As shown, the photovoltaic device can be mounted on a rotating base 208. The drive mechanism drives the rotating base to rotate, thereby adjusting the angle of the photovoltaic device. The photovoltaic panel 202 is located at the top of the photovoltaic device 200. Specifically, the photovoltaic panel can be supported and mounted on the base 208 by drive mechanisms 204-207. The drive mechanism includes, but is not limited to, cylinders, hydraulic cylinders, electric cylinders, telescopic rods, etc. The drive mechanism, photovoltaic panel, and base all employ hinged structures (not shown in the figure), such as ball joints, allowing for multi-angle rotation and improving the range and flexibility of attitude adjustment. In actual use, auxiliary support mechanisms are also needed to support the drive mechanism. Figure 2As shown, one embodiment of the present invention employs a symmetrical adjustment method. Specifically, drive mechanisms 206 and 207 form a group, and changes in their lengths can adjust the panel's rotation along the Y-axis in the figure. Drive mechanisms 204 and 205 form another group, and changes in their lengths can adjust the panel's rotation along the X-axis in the figure. The dashed lines in the figure represent the portions of the drive mechanisms that are obscured by the panel in the line of sight.

[0054] It should be noted that the photovoltaic device can also be rotated, rather than making the airflow velocity vector substantially perpendicular to the sun-facing normal of the panel. In this case, it is only necessary to ensure that the load on the rotated photovoltaic device is less than a preset threshold. Based on this, the panel orientation can be adjusted to obtain the optimal power generation efficiency; this power generation efficiency may be better than the adjustment method where the airflow velocity vector is substantially perpendicular to the sun-facing normal of the panel. In actual use, users can choose the required adjustment method according to their actual needs. Correspondingly, the adjustment method in step S104 also needs to be adjusted appropriately.

[0055] Optionally, the drive mechanism for controlling the rotation of the photovoltaic equipment is a hydraulic motor. The inlet and outlet of the hydraulic motor are respectively connected to the outlet of the hydraulic lock. The inlet of the hydraulic lock is respectively connected to the working port of the three-position four-way directional valve. The neutral position function of the three-position four-way directional valve is O-type.

[0056] like Figure 3 As shown, in one embodiment of the present invention, a hydraulic motor 302 is selected as the drive mechanism for the photovoltaic device. Its rotating base makes the panel parallel to the airflow direction, thereby changing the frontal area of ​​the photovoltaic panel. The inlet and outlet ends of the hydraulic motor 302 are respectively connected to the outlet end of a hydraulic lock 304. The inlet end of the hydraulic lock 304 is respectively connected to the working port of a three-position four-way directional valve 306 (preferably a three-position four-way solenoid directional valve). The neutral position of the three-position four-way directional valve 306 is O-type. During adjustment, the control unit (not shown in the figure) controls the motor to move, thereby driving the pump 312 to pump hydraulic oil. The three-position four-way directional valve 306 switches to the left or right position according to control needs to pump the hydraulic oil to the hydraulic motor 302 and control the hydraulic motor 302 to rotate left or right. When the target position is reached, the control unit controls the motor to stop or controls the directional valve 306 to switch to the neutral position. When the directional control valve 306 is switched to the neutral position, the hydraulic lock 304 is also in the locked position because there is no pressure at the inlet of the hydraulic lock. This creates a double locking structure by utilizing the O-type neutral position function of the three-position four-way directional control valve and the locking function of the hydraulic lock 304. This prevents the photovoltaic panel from continuing to rotate due to airflow disturbances or hydraulic system leaks, improving system stability and the ability to cope with severe weather or meteorological conditions. Furthermore, according to the required rotation speed, a preferred embodiment of the present invention selects to install a flow control unit 308 at the inlet end of the three-position four-way directional control valve to regulate the flow rate in the pipeline.

[0057] Preferably, after controlling the rotation of the photovoltaic device to make the velocity vector of the airflow substantially perpendicular to the normal of the panel, the method further includes:

[0058] Monitor the output current of the photovoltaic panel. When the output current is basically zero, control the photovoltaic equipment to rotate 180 degrees.

[0059] To improve system redundancy and prevent the photovoltaic equipment from rotating to the shaded side (i.e., the photovoltaic panel cannot receive sunlight) due to factors such as damage to sensors or other measuring components, it is necessary to monitor the status of the photovoltaic panel to ensure it is always in working condition. One embodiment of the present invention monitors the output current of the photovoltaic panel. When the output current is essentially zero (e.g., the current is zero, or the current approaches zero), the photovoltaic equipment is then controlled to rotate 180 degrees, thereby turning the photovoltaic panel from the shaded position to the sunlit position.

[0060] Step S104: While keeping the velocity vector of the airflow basically perpendicular to the normal of the panel, adjust the attitude of the photovoltaic panel at multiple angles, and record the output current value and corresponding attitude value of the panel under different attitudes.

[0061] Photovoltaic equipment is designed with maximum power generation efficiency in mind. Therefore, while reducing its load and ensuring equipment safety, it is necessary to adjust the angle between the photovoltaic panel and the light source to achieve optimal power generation efficiency. One embodiment of this invention involves rotating the photovoltaic panel at multiple angles within a plane parallel to the airflow velocity vector to search for the panel orientation corresponding to the maximum current. That is, while keeping the airflow velocity vector substantially perpendicular to the panel normal, the orientation of the photovoltaic panel is adjusted at multiple angles, and the output current value and corresponding orientation value of the panel under different orientations are recorded.

[0062] Preferably, the multi-angle adjustment of the photovoltaic panel's orientation includes:

[0063] Rotate the photovoltaic panel along the sun-facing normal of the panel and / or rotate the photovoltaic panel in a plane parallel to the airflow direction.

[0064] In actual meteorological conditions, airflow occurs in three-dimensional space. Therefore, the photovoltaic panel can be rotated along the sun-facing normal 203, that is, rotated along the line of sight from the vertical direction facing the panel. Alternatively, the photovoltaic panel can be rotated in a plane parallel to the airflow direction, meaning that after rotating the photovoltaic panel in this way, the photovoltaic panel remains parallel to the airflow velocity direction. Of course, to obtain better power generation efficiency, the above two adjustment methods can be used in combination.

[0065] Optionally, the rotating photovoltaic panel includes:

[0066] The photovoltaic panel can be rotated along the sun-facing normal of the panel within a discrete preset range and / or within a plane parallel to the airflow direction within a discrete preset range.

[0067] To efficiently search for the panel orientation with the highest power generation efficiency, one embodiment of the present invention selects to set discrete adjustment ranges based on the stroke of the panel orientation adjustment mechanism, and adjusts the panel orientation within these discrete ranges. Specifically, the photovoltaic panel is rotated along the sun-facing normal of the panel within discrete preset ranges and / or rotated in a plane parallel to the airflow direction within discrete preset ranges. For example, a hydraulic cylinder is selected as the drive mechanism, referencing... Figure 2 and 3 Taking hydraulic cylinders 301 and 313 as examples, they respectively correspond to Figure 2 The drive mechanisms 206 and 207, compared to adjusting the piston rod length of only one hydraulic cylinder to adjust the posture, can accelerate the posture adjustment speed and range by simultaneously adjusting the extension or retraction length of the piston rods of two hydraulic cylinders. In practice, the extension or retraction stroke of each hydraulic cylinder can be determined based on its current position, and an equal number of discrete positions can be set to adjust the piston rod positions of hydraulic cylinders 301 and 313 respectively. During the adjustment process, the power generation current and corresponding posture of the panel are monitored and recorded, and then the posture corresponding to the maximum current is obtained through interpolation. The interpolation algorithms shown include linear interpolation, spline interpolation, etc. Similarly, the length of another set of drive mechanisms can be adjusted to search for the maximum current and corresponding posture within its adjustment direction. The discrete positions can be equidistantly distributed or non-equidistantly distributed, for example, selecting some discrete points according to a quadratic curve.

[0068] Optionally, before rotating the photovoltaic panel by discrete preset ranges, the following steps are also included:

[0069] Calculate the stroke of each drive mechanism when the stroke of each drive mechanism is equal during the process of adjusting the photovoltaic panel from the current posture to the next preset posture.

[0070] The fluid flow rate allocated to each drive mechanism is calculated based on the corresponding stroke, and the valve opening of the flow control unit corresponding to each drive mechanism is controlled based on the fluid flow rate to control the photovoltaic panel to reach the next preset posture.

[0071] To accelerate the adjustment speed of the panel posture, one embodiment of the present invention calculates the stroke of each drive mechanism when the stroke of each drive mechanism is equal during the process of adjusting the photovoltaic panel from the current posture to the next preset posture by a control unit. For example... Figure 2 and 3As shown, when the piston rod positions of hydraulic cylinders 301 and 313 need to be adjusted, during the process of the panel adjusting from the current posture to the next preset posture, the extension or retraction length of each hydraulic cylinder 301 and 313 is adjusted to make the strokes of hydraulic cylinders 301 and 313 equal. Since the cross-sectional areas of the rod chamber and the rodless chamber of the hydraulic cylinder are different, in order to synchronously control the displacement of the piston rod, it is necessary to calculate the fluid flow rate allocated to each hydraulic cylinder 301 and 313 according to the corresponding stroke, and control the valve opening of the flow control unit corresponding to each drive mechanism based on the fluid flow rate, so that the oil enters the rod chamber and the rodless chamber of the hydraulic cylinder in proportion, thereby achieving equal control of the real-time displacement of the piston rod, and finally quickly controlling the photovoltaic panel to reach the next preset posture.

[0072] Optionally, adjusting the photovoltaic panel to the posture corresponding to the maximum current value further includes:

[0073] During the process of adjusting the photovoltaic panel from its current posture to the posture corresponding to the maximum current value, calculate the stroke of each drive mechanism when the stroke of each drive mechanism is equal.

[0074] The fluid flow rate allocated to each drive mechanism is calculated based on the corresponding stroke, and the valve opening of the flow control unit corresponding to each drive mechanism is controlled based on the fluid flow rate to control the photovoltaic panel to reach the posture corresponding to the maximum current value.

[0075] Optionally, the driving mechanism is a hydraulic cylinder, the inlet and outlet of which are respectively connected to the outlet of a hydraulic lock; the inlet of the hydraulic lock is respectively connected to the working port of a three-position four-way directional valve, the inlet of which is connected to the outlet of a flow control unit, and the neutral position function of the three-position four-way directional valve is O-type.

[0076] like Figure 3 As shown, the driving mechanism is hydraulic cylinders 301 and 313 (reference). Figure 2Alternatively, another set of drive mechanisms can be hydraulic cylinders (with the same hydraulic circuit configuration as 301 and 313). The inlet and outlet ends of the hydraulic cylinders are connected to the outlet ends of hydraulic locks 303 and 311, respectively. The inlet ends of the hydraulic locks are connected to the working ports of three-position four-way directional valves 305 and 310, respectively. The inlet ends of the three-position four-way directional valves are connected to the outlet ends of flow control units 307 and 309. The neutral position function of the three-position four-way directional valves is O-type. The directional valves are preferably electromagnetic directional valves. As mentioned above, when the posture is adjusted to the correct position, the control unit controls the motor to stop or controls the directional valves 305 and 310 to switch to the neutral position. When the control valve is switched to the neutral position, the hydraulic locks 303 and 311 are also locked because there is no pressure at the inlet of the hydraulic lock. Thus, the O-type neutral position function of the three-position four-way control valve and the locking function of the hydraulic lock are used to construct a double locking structure, so that the photovoltaic panel will not continue to rotate due to airflow disturbance or leakage of the hydraulic system, thereby improving the stability of the system and its ability to cope with severe weather or meteorological conditions.

[0077] Step S105: Based on the recorded information, filter out the maximum current value and its corresponding posture; adjust the photovoltaic panel to the posture corresponding to the maximum current value.

[0078] After obtaining the maximum current value and its corresponding posture, the drive unit can be controlled to adjust the photovoltaic panel to the aforementioned posture, enabling the photovoltaic panel to achieve maximum power generation efficiency. In practical applications, the panel posture can be adjusted at discrete preset positions, and the panel's power generation current and corresponding posture are monitored and recorded during the adjustment process. Then, the posture corresponding to the maximum current is obtained through interpolation. The interpolation algorithm includes linear interpolation, spline interpolation, etc. The photovoltaic panel is then adjusted to the posture corresponding to the maximum current value obtained through interpolation. By combining discrete preset positions and interpolation algorithms, the number of posture adjustments required to search for the maximum current can be reduced, achieving the goal of quickly adjusting the panel to its optimal working state.

[0079] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a photovoltaic panel posture adjustment device for a photovoltaic device is provided, the photovoltaic panel posture adjustment device for implementing the method provided in the first aspect of the present invention.

[0080] The adjustment device includes:

[0081] Velocity sensor measurement is used to measure the current airflow speed information;

[0082] Attitude sensor measurement is used to measure the attitude information of the photovoltaic panels in the current photovoltaic equipment;

[0083] The control unit acquires the speed and attitude information, and when the speed of the airflow exceeds a preset threshold, calculates the load of the airflow on the panel. When the load exceeds the preset threshold, it calculates the angle between the speed vector of the airflow in the same coordinate system and the normal of the panel facing the sun in the current attitude. Based on the angle information, it controls the photovoltaic device to rotate so that the speed vector of the airflow is basically perpendicular to the normal of the panel facing the sun.

[0084] While keeping the velocity vector of the airflow substantially perpendicular to the normal of the panel, the control unit adjusts the attitude of the photovoltaic panel from multiple angles and records the output current value and corresponding attitude value of the panel under different attitudes; and based on the recorded information, filters out the maximum current value and its corresponding attitude; and adjusts the photovoltaic panel to the attitude corresponding to the maximum current value.

[0085] Optionally, the adjustment device also includes:

[0086] The control unit calculates the stroke of each drive mechanism when the photovoltaic panel adjusts from its current posture to the posture corresponding to the maximum current value, so that the strokes of each drive mechanism are equal. Based on the corresponding strokes, the control unit calculates the fluid flow rate allocated to each drive mechanism, and controls the valve opening of the flow control unit corresponding to each drive mechanism based on the fluid flow rate, so as to control the photovoltaic panel to reach the posture corresponding to the maximum current value.

[0087] In practical applications, the panel's attitude can be adjusted at discrete preset positions. During the adjustment process, the panel's power generation current and corresponding attitude are monitored and recorded. Then, the maximum current and its corresponding attitude are obtained through interpolation. The interpolation algorithm includes linear interpolation, spline interpolation, etc. The photovoltaic panel is then adjusted to the attitude corresponding to the maximum current value obtained through interpolation. By combining discrete preset positions and interpolation algorithms, the number of attitude adjustments can be reduced, achieving the goal of quickly adjusting the panel to its optimal working state.

[0088] The specific embodiments described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions can occur depending on design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this invention should be included within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for adjusting the posture of a photovoltaic panel in a photovoltaic device, characterized in that, include: Obtain current airflow velocity information and photovoltaic panel attitude information of the photovoltaic equipment; When the speed of the airflow exceeds a preset threshold, the load of the airflow on the panel is calculated. When the load exceeds the preset threshold, the angle between the velocity vector of the airflow and the normal of the panel facing the sun in the current posture is calculated in the same coordinate system. Control the rotation of the photovoltaic device so that the velocity vector of the airflow is perpendicular to the normal of the sun-facing panel; While keeping the velocity vector of the airflow perpendicular to the normal of the panel, the attitude of the photovoltaic panel is adjusted from multiple angles, and the output current value and corresponding attitude value of the panel under different attitudes are recorded. Controlling the rotation of photovoltaic equipment includes: The photovoltaic panel can be rotated along the sun-facing normal of the panel within a discrete preset range, or rotated in a plane parallel to the airflow direction within a discrete preset range. The drive mechanism for controlling the rotation of the photovoltaic equipment is a hydraulic motor. The inlet and outlet of the hydraulic motor are respectively connected to the outlet of the hydraulic lock. The inlet of the hydraulic lock is respectively connected to the working port of the three-position four-way directional valve. The neutral position function of the three-position four-way directional valve is O-type. When adjusted to the target position, the three-position four-way directional valve is controlled to switch to the neutral position. Based on the recorded information, the maximum current value and its corresponding orientation are selected; the photovoltaic panel is then adjusted to the orientation corresponding to the maximum current value. After controlling the rotation of the photovoltaic device to make the velocity vector of the airflow perpendicular to the normal of the panel, the method further includes: Monitor the output current of the photovoltaic panel. When the output current is zero, control the photovoltaic equipment to rotate 180 degrees. The multi-angle adjustment of the photovoltaic panel's orientation includes: Rotate the photovoltaic panel along the sun-facing normal or along a plane parallel to the airflow direction.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before rotating the photovoltaic panel within a discrete preset range, the process also includes: Calculate the stroke of each drive mechanism when the stroke of each drive mechanism is equal during the process of adjusting the photovoltaic panel from the current posture to the next preset posture. The fluid flow rate allocated to each drive mechanism is calculated based on the corresponding stroke, and the valve opening of the flow control unit corresponding to each drive mechanism is controlled based on the fluid flow rate to control the photovoltaic panel to reach the next preset posture.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The adjustment of the photovoltaic panel to the position corresponding to the maximum current value also includes: During the process of adjusting the photovoltaic panel from its current posture to the posture corresponding to the maximum current value, calculate the stroke of each drive mechanism when the stroke of each drive mechanism is equal. The fluid flow rate allocated to each drive mechanism is calculated based on the corresponding stroke, and the valve opening of the flow control unit corresponding to each drive mechanism is controlled based on the fluid flow rate to control the photovoltaic panel to reach the posture corresponding to the maximum current value.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The driving mechanism for adjusting the photovoltaic panel from its current posture to the posture corresponding to the maximum current value is a hydraulic cylinder. The inlet and outlet of the hydraulic cylinder are respectively connected to the outlet of the hydraulic lock. The inlet of the hydraulic lock is respectively connected to the working port of the three-position four-way directional valve. The inlet of the three-position four-way directional valve is connected to the outlet of the flow control unit. The neutral position function of the three-position four-way directional valve is O-type.

5. A photovoltaic panel attitude adjustment device for a photovoltaic equipment, characterized in that, The adjustment device is used to implement the method according to any one of claims 1-4; the adjustment device includes: A speed sensor is used to measure the speed of the current airflow. An attitude sensor is used to measure the attitude information of the photovoltaic panels in a current photovoltaic device. The control unit acquires the speed and attitude information, and when the speed of the airflow exceeds a preset threshold, calculates the load of the airflow on the panel. When the load exceeds the preset threshold, it calculates the angle between the velocity vector of the airflow in the same coordinate system and the normal of the panel facing the sun in the current attitude. Based on the angle information, it controls the photovoltaic device to rotate so that the velocity vector of the airflow is perpendicular to the normal of the panel facing the sun. While keeping the velocity vector of the airflow perpendicular to the normal of the panel, the control unit adjusts the attitude of the photovoltaic panel from multiple angles and records the output current value and corresponding attitude value of the panel under different attitudes; and based on the recorded information, filters out the maximum current value and its corresponding attitude; and adjusts the photovoltaic panel to the attitude corresponding to the maximum current value.

6. The adjusting device according to claim 5, characterized in that, Also includes: The control unit calculates the stroke of each drive mechanism when the photovoltaic panel adjusts from its current posture to the posture corresponding to the maximum current value, so that the strokes of each drive mechanism are equal. Based on the corresponding strokes, the control unit calculates the fluid flow rate allocated to each drive mechanism, and controls the valve opening of the flow control unit corresponding to each drive mechanism based on the fluid flow rate, so as to control the photovoltaic panel to reach the posture corresponding to the maximum current value.

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