A low profile wide beam dielectric resonator antenna

Abstract

The application specifically relates to a low-profile wide-beam dielectric resonator antenna. The low-profile wide-beam dielectric resonator antenna comprises, from top to bottom, a top layer metal strip structure, a top layer high-dielectric-constant dielectric strip structure, an upper layer low-dielectric-constant substrate layer, a middle metal layer structure, a lower layer low-dielectric-constant substrate layer and a bottom layer feed line structure. The top layer metal strip structure comprises a first top layer metal strip and a second top layer metal strip. The first top layer metal strip is arranged on the upper surface of a first dielectric strip. The second top layer metal strip is arranged on the upper surface of a third dielectric strip. The first top layer metal strip and the second top layer metal strip are connected to the middle metal layer structure through metallized through holes to form a bent vertical electric wall. Signals are fed in through corresponding microstrip feed lines of the bottom layer feed line structure, coupled to dielectric strip resonators formed by the top layer high-dielectric-constant dielectric strip structure, the upper layer low-dielectric-constant substrate layer and the middle metal layer structure through rectangular slots, and radiated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of microwave communication technology, and specifically relates to a low-profile wide-beam dielectric resonator antenna. Background Technology

[0002] A wide-beam antenna is an antenna capable of receiving and transmitting signals over a wide range, characterized by maintaining stable gain over a large beamwidth. This characteristic can effectively address the issues of significantly increased data rates and sudden surges in traffic caused by next-generation 5G technology. On the other hand, dielectric antennas, due to the absence of conductor losses in the dielectric material, offer advantages such as low loss, high efficiency, and high design freedom. Therefore, the wide-beam dielectric resonator antenna, achieved by integrating wide-beam antennas and dielectric antennas, has considerable research value.

[0003] Currently, there are four main approaches to wide-beam antenna design: The first approach uses a helical antenna, which produces circularly polarized electromagnetic waves with a wide beamwidth. However, helical antennas are complex and require precise fabrication. The second approach leverages the characteristic that microstrip antennas radiate most strongly in the normal direction, generating a tangential electric field on the dielectric substrate. By increasing the area of ​​the maximum dielectric substrate, the beamwidth is widened. However, this method results in a large antenna planar size, which does not align with the trend towards antenna miniaturization. The third approach utilizes the complementary radiation patterns of magnetoelectric dipoles to effectively widen the antenna beamwidth. The fourth approach involves loading a short-circuit probe to introduce an additional vertical current component near the main radiating element, producing a more uniform radiation pattern. However, this type of antenna has a relatively high profile. Existing wide-beam dielectric antennas either widen the beamwidth by combining two complementary modes or fusing higher-order modes, or by designing a special metallic ground. Furthermore, some hybrid designs have been reported, which introduce radiation modes from other additional structures to achieve wide-beam characteristics. However, most of the wide-beam dielectric antennas reported so far have problems such as high profile, large planar dimensions, and complex structure. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to solve the above-mentioned technical problems and propose a low-profile wide-beam dielectric resonator antenna, which achieves wide-beam radiation while being small in size, low in profile, and simple in structure.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A low-profile wide-beam dielectric resonator antenna includes, from top to bottom, a top metal strip structure, a top high-dielectric-constant dielectric strip structure, an upper low-dielectric-constant substrate layer, a middle metal layer structure, a lower low-dielectric-constant substrate layer, and a bottom feed structure. The top metal strip structure includes a first top metal strip and a second top metal strip. The top high-dielectric-constant dielectric strip structure includes a first dielectric strip, a second dielectric strip, and a third dielectric strip placed side-by-side. The first top metal strip is disposed on the upper surface of the first dielectric strip. The third dielectric strip... A second top-layer metal strip is disposed on the upper surface; metallized vias are disposed on the first dielectric strip, the third dielectric strip, and the upper low-dielectric-constant substrate layer; the first and second top-layer metal strips are connected to the intermediate metal layer structure through the metallized vias to form a bent vertical electric wall; the intermediate metal layer structure is etched with rectangular grooves; the signal is fed in through the microstrip feed line corresponding to the bottom feed line structure, and coupled to the dielectric strip resonator composed of the top high-dielectric-constant dielectric strip structure, the upper low-dielectric-constant substrate layer, and the intermediate metal layer structure through the rectangular grooves, and then radiated.

[0007] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first dielectric strip, the second dielectric strip, and the third dielectric strip are made of ceramic material with a dielectric constant of 89.5. The lengths of the first and third dielectric strips are both between 0.18λ0 and 0.22λ0; the length of the second dielectric strip is between 0.35λ0 and 0.39λ0; and the widths of the first, second, and third dielectric strips are all between 0.05λ0 and 0.09λ0.

[0008] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lengths of the first top-layer metal strip and the second top-layer metal strip are both between 0.10λ0 and 0.14λ0, and the widths are both between 0.13λ0 and 0.17λ0.

[0009] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the length of the rectangular groove is between 0.08λ0 and 0.12λ0, and the width is between 0.04λ0 and 0.06λ0.

[0010] The low-profile wide-beam dielectric resonator antenna of the present invention, compared with the prior art, has the following technical advantages:

[0011] (1) This invention utilizes a microstrip feed line to couple and excite the TM of the dielectric strip through a rectangular slot. δ1 The module incorporates bent vertical electric walls at the edges of the dielectric strips on both sides, thereby achieving integration with the dielectric and resulting in a low profile, small planar size, simple structure, and widened beam.

[0012] (2) The present invention introduces an inwardly bent vertical electric wall at the edge of the dielectric strips on both sides. On the one hand, it can introduce vertical current and expand the beam; on the other hand, it can reduce the overall profile height of the antenna by attaching it to the surface of the dielectric strips on both sides. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0014] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the top high dielectric constant dielectric strip structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the intermediate metal layer structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the underlying feeder structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 5 The S-parameters and gain curves of this invention are shown in the embodiments.

[0018] Figure 6 This is a simulation radiation pattern of the E / H plane at 7.4 GHz according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] In the attached diagram, 1-top metal strip structure; 2-top high dielectric strip structure; 3-upper low dielectric substrate layer; 4-middle metal layer structure; 5-lower low dielectric substrate layer; 6-bottom feed line structure; 11-first top metal strip; 12-second top metal strip; 21-first dielectric strip; 22-second dielectric strip; 23-third dielectric strip; 31-metallized via; 41-rectangular groove. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The present invention will be further explained in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that those skilled in the art can better understand and implement the present invention. However, the following examples are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0021] like Figure 1-4As shown, a low-profile wide-beam dielectric resonator antenna includes, from top to bottom, a top metal strip structure 1, a top high-dielectric-constant dielectric strip structure 2, an upper low-dielectric-constant substrate layer 3, a middle metal layer structure 4, a lower low-dielectric-constant substrate layer 5, and a bottom feed structure 6. The top metal strip structure 1 includes a first top metal strip 11 and a second top metal strip 12; the top high-dielectric-constant dielectric strip structure 2 includes a first dielectric strip 21, a second dielectric strip 22, and a third dielectric strip 23 placed side by side; the first top metal strip 11 is disposed on the upper surface of the first dielectric strip 21; the third dielectric strip 23... The upper surface is provided with a second top metal strip 12; the first dielectric strip 21, the third dielectric strip 23 and the upper low dielectric constant substrate layer 3 are all provided with metallized vias 31; the first top metal strip 11 and the second top metal strip 12 are connected to the intermediate metal layer structure 4 through the metallized vias 31 to form a bent vertical electric wall; the intermediate metal layer structure 4 is etched with a rectangular groove 41; the signal is fed in through the microstrip feed line corresponding to the bottom feed line structure 6, and the signal is coupled to the dielectric strip resonator composed of the top high dielectric constant dielectric strip structure 2, the upper low dielectric constant substrate layer 3 and the intermediate metal layer structure 4 through the rectangular groove 41, and then radiated.

[0022] The first dielectric strip 21, the second dielectric strip 22, and the third dielectric strip 23 are made of ceramic material with a dielectric constant of 89.5. The lengths of the first dielectric strip 21 and the third dielectric strip 23 are both between 0.18λ0 and 0.22λ0; the length of the second dielectric strip 22 is between 0.35λ0 and 0.39λ0; and the widths of the first dielectric strip 21, the second dielectric strip 22, and the third dielectric strip 23 are all between 0.05λ0 and 0.09λ0. The lengths of the first top metal strip 11 and the second top metal strip 12 are both between 0.10λ0 and 0.14λ0, and the widths are both between 0.13λ0 and 0.17λ0. The length of the rectangular groove 41 is between 0.08λ0 and 0.12λ0, and the width is between 0.04λ0 and 0.06λ0.

[0023] When the antenna is working, the signal is fed in through the microstrip feed line corresponding to the bottom feed line structure 6, and coupled to the top high dielectric constant dielectric strip structure 2 through the rectangular slot 41 to excite the TM of the dielectric strip. δ1The antenna employs a bent vertical electric wall formed by first top-layer metal strips 11 and second top-layer metal strips 12 respectively disposed on the upper surfaces of the first dielectric strip 21 and the third dielectric strip 23, and connected to the metallized via 31. When two vertical currents are placed at both ends of the antenna's E-plane, their currents are opposite, but since the spacing is approximately half a wavelength, they are still in phase and superimposed in the horizontal direction, thereby expanding the beamwidth of the E-plane. At the same time, the two currents cancel each other out in the vertical direction, thus having little impact on the antenna's cross-polarization suppression. However, the vertical electric wall increases the antenna's height. To solve this problem, a bent vertical electric wall is used to achieve integration with the dielectric, thereby achieving a low-profile, wide-beam effect.

[0024] The simulation results of the matching and gain response of the antenna proposed in this invention are as follows: Figure 5 As shown. The antenna proposed in this invention operates in the frequency band of 7.33 GHz to 7.49 GHz, with a relative bandwidth of 2.1%. The maximum gain within the operating frequency band is 4.74 dBi. Figure 6 As shown, at 7.4 GHz, the 3-dB beamwidths of the E-plane and H-plane are 130.4° and 106.7°, respectively. The cross-polarization levels within the 3-dB beamwidth ranges of the E-plane and H-plane are less than -117 dB and -32.6 dB, respectively, with a radiation efficiency of 94%. This embodiment uses a dielectric constant of 89.5 and a loss angle of 0.0006.

[0025] This invention utilizes a microstrip feed line to couple and excite the TM of the dielectric strip through a rectangular slot 41. δ1 The module incorporates bent vertical electric walls at the edges of the dielectric strips on both sides, thereby achieving integration with the dielectric and resulting in a low profile, small planar size, simple structure, and widened beam.

[0026] The specific implementation schemes described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above descriptions are merely specific implementation schemes of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the concept and principles of the present invention should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-profile wide-beam dielectric resonator antenna, comprising, from top to bottom, a top metal strip structure (1), a top high-dielectric-constant dielectric strip structure (2), an upper low-dielectric-constant substrate layer (3), a middle metal layer structure (4), a lower low-dielectric-constant substrate layer (5), and a bottom feed structure (6), characterized in that, The top metal strip structure (1) includes a first top metal strip (11) and a second top metal strip (12); the top high dielectric constant dielectric strip structure (2) includes a first dielectric strip (21), a second dielectric strip (22), and a third dielectric strip (23) placed side by side; the first top metal strip (11) is disposed on the upper surface of the first dielectric strip (21); the second top metal strip (12) is disposed on the upper surface of the third dielectric strip (23); the first dielectric strip (21), the third dielectric strip (23), and the upper low dielectric constant substrate layer ( 3) All are provided with metallized vias (31); the first top metal strip (11) and the second top metal strip (12) are connected to the intermediate metal layer structure (4) through the metallized vias (31) to form a bent vertical electric wall; the intermediate metal layer structure (4) is etched with rectangular grooves (41); the signal is fed in through the microstrip feed line corresponding to the bottom feed line structure (6), and the signal is coupled to the dielectric strip resonator composed of the top high dielectric constant dielectric strip structure (2), the upper low dielectric constant substrate layer (3) and the intermediate metal layer structure (4) through the rectangular grooves (41) and radiated.

2. The low-profile wide-beam dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first dielectric strip (21), the second dielectric strip (22), and the third dielectric strip (23) are made of ceramic material with a dielectric constant of 89.

5. The lengths of the first dielectric strip (21) and the third dielectric strip (23) are both between 0.18λ0 and 0.22λ0; the length of the second dielectric strip (22) is between 0.35λ0 and 0.39λ0; and the widths of the first dielectric strip (21), the second dielectric strip (22), and the third dielectric strip (23) are all between 0.05λ0 and 0.09λ0.

3. The low-profile wide-beam dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lengths of the first top metal strip (11) and the second top metal strip (12) are both between 0.10λ0 and 0.14λ0, and the widths are both between 0.13λ0 and 0.17λ0.

4. The low-profile wide-beam dielectric resonator antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length of the rectangular groove (41) is between 0.08λ0 and 0.12λ0, and the width is between 0.04λ0 and 0.06λ0.

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