Diamond nv-center maser

Abstract

The application provides a diamond NV color center microwave amplifier, which comprises a first resonant cavity, a second resonant cavity, a diamond NV color center, a magnetic field generator, a laser module, a microwave module and a pulse signal generator; the magnetic field generator is used for generating a magnetic field to cause Zeeman splitting of microwave particles of the diamond NV color center; the pulse signal generator is used for sending a pulse signal to the microwave module and the laser module; the pulse signal is used for controlling the laser module to emit laser to the diamond NV color center in each cycle, so that the microwave particles after the Zeeman splitting are polarized to a ground state Ms=|0> energy level, then the laser module is controlled to stop emitting laser, and the microwave module is controlled to emit a microwave signal into the first resonant cavity, so that the microwave particles polarized to the ground state Ms=|0> energy level are stimulated to radiate to a ground state Ms=|‑1> energy level. The application can solve the problem of non-ideal microwave amplification effect of the existing diamond NV color center microwave amplifier.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of diamond quantum sensing technology, and more particularly to a diamond NV color center microwave maser. Background Technology

[0002] Research on various devices based on diamond NV (Nitrogen-Vacancy) color centers is gradually developing, among which the development trend of diamond NV color center microwave masers is promising. The working principle of diamond NV color center microwave masers is mainly to use a magnetic field to cause the diamond NV color center to be Zeeman split, and then apply laser and microwave, so as to stimulate the microwave particles of the diamond NV color center to emit radiation, thereby realizing microwave amplification.

[0003] However, existing diamond NV center microwave masers have an extremely low ratio of microwave particles participating in stimulated emission to the total number of microwave particles, resulting in low microwave power and unsatisfactory microwave amplification. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a diamond NV center microwave maser to solve the problem of unsatisfactory microwave amplification effect in existing diamond NV center microwave masers.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a diamond NV center microwave maser, comprising:

[0006] The system consists of a first resonant cavity, a second resonant cavity, a diamond NV color center, a magnetic field generator, a laser module, a microwave module, and a pulse signal generator.

[0007] The diamond NV color center is located inside the second resonant cavity, and the second resonant cavity is located inside the first resonant cavity;

[0008] The magnetic field generator is located outside the first resonant cavity and is used to generate a magnetic field to cause the microwave particles of the diamond NV color center to undergo Zeeman splitting.

[0009] The pulse signal generator is connected to the laser module and the microwave module, and is used to send pulse signals to the microwave module and the laser module;

[0010] The pulse signal is used to control the laser module to emit laser light towards the diamond NV color center in each cycle, so that the microwave particles after Zeeman splitting are polarized to the ground state Ms=|0> energy level. Then, the laser module is controlled to stop emitting laser light, and the microwave module is controlled to emit microwave signals into the first resonant cavity, so that the microwave particles polarized to the ground state Ms=|0> energy level are stimulated to radiate to the ground state Ms=|-1> energy level.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the pulse signal includes a first pulse signal and a second pulse signal;

[0012] The first pulse signal and the second pulse signal have the same period time, and the start time of each period is the same;

[0013] Within each cycle, the first pulse signal includes a first activation pulse, which is used to trigger the laser module to emit laser light;

[0014] Within each cycle, the second pulse signal includes a second activation pulse, which triggers the microwave module to transmit a microwave signal.

[0015] Within each cycle, the start time of the second activation pulse is equal to the end time of the first activation pulse.

[0016] In one possible implementation, the laser module includes an acousto-optic modulator and a laser;

[0017] One end of the acousto-optic modulator is connected to the pulse signal generator, and the other end is connected to the laser. The laser is located directly above or below the diamond NV color center.

[0018] The acousto-optic modulator is used to turn on the laser according to the received first turn-on pulse, and control the laser to emit laser light toward the diamond NV color center, so as to polarize the microwave particles of the diamond NV color center to the ground state Ms=|0> energy level.

[0019] In one possible implementation, the duration of the first turn-on pulse ranges from 1 μs to 100 μs, and the duration of the second turn-on pulse ranges from 0.1 ms to 10 ms.

[0020] In one possible implementation, the microwave module includes a microwave switch, a microwave source, and a microwave input port;

[0021] One end of the microwave switch is connected to the pulse signal generator, and the other end is connected to the microwave source, which is connected to the microwave input port.

[0022] The microwave switch is used to turn on the microwave source according to the received second turn-on pulse, and control the microwave source to emit microwave signals into the first resonant cavity through the microwave input port, so that the microwave particles polarized to the ground state Ms=|0> energy level are stimulated to radiate to the ground state Ms=|-1> energy level.

[0023] In one possible implementation, the microwave module further includes a microwave output port for transmitting the stimulated radiated microwave signal to the outside of the first resonant cavity.

[0024] In one possible implementation, the direction of the magnetic field is the same as the crystal orientation of the diamond NV color center.

[0025] In one possible implementation, the concentration of the diamond NV color center ranges from 0.1 ppm to 200 ppm.

[0026] In one possible implementation, the first resonant cavity is made of copper, the second resonant cavity is made of sapphire, the first resonant cavity is a hollow cylinder or a hollow cubic prism, and the second resonant cavity is a hollow annular cylinder or a hollow annular cubic prism.

[0027] This invention provides a diamond NV center microwave maser, comprising a first resonant cavity, a second resonant cavity located inside the first resonant cavity, a diamond NV center located inside the second resonant cavity, a magnetic field generator, a laser module, a microwave module, and a pulse signal generator. The magnetic field generator generates a magnetic field that causes Zeeman splitting of the microwave particles in the diamond NV center. The pulse signal generator sends pulse signals to both the laser module and the microwave module. In each cycle, the pulse signal first controls the laser module to emit laser light towards the diamond NV center, polarizing the Zeeman-split microwave particles to the ground state Ms = |0> energy level. Then, it controls the laser module to stop emitting laser light and controls the microwave module to emit microwave signals into the first resonant cavity, causing the microwave particles polarized to the ground state Ms = |0> energy level to undergo stimulated radiation to the ground state Ms = |-1> energy level.

[0028] Thus, by using a pulse signal generated by a pulse signal generator to activate the laser module and then stop emitting the laser, the conversion of microwave particles in the ground state Ms=|0> energy level to the excited state Ms=|0> energy level can be avoided. Therefore, when the laser stops emitting, controlling the microwave module to emit a microwave signal can ensure that all microwave particles in the ground state Ms=|0> participate in the stimulated emission process, thereby increasing the number of stimulated emission microwave particles and the microwave power emitted by stimulated emission, and improving the microwave amplification effect of the diamond NV color center microwave maser. Attached Figure Description

[0029] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a diamond NV color center microwave maser provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a pulse sequence of a pulse signal provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of another diamond NV color center microwave maser provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0033] In the following description, specific details such as particular system architectures and techniques are set forth for illustrative purposes and not for limitation, in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the invention. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the invention can be implemented in other embodiments without these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, apparatuses, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the invention with unnecessary detail.

[0034] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, specific embodiments will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0035] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a diamond NV center microwave maser provided in an embodiment of the present invention includes: a first resonant cavity 11, a second resonant cavity 12, a diamond NV center 13, a magnetic field generator 14, a laser module 15, a microwave module 16, and a pulse signal generator 17.

[0036] The diamond NV color center 13 is located inside the second resonant cavity 12, which is located inside the first resonant cavity 11.

[0037] The magnetic field generator 14 is located outside the first resonant cavity 11 and is used to generate a magnetic field to cause the microwave particles of the diamond NV color center 13 to undergo Zeeman splitting.

[0038] The pulse signal generator 17 is connected to the laser module 15 and the microwave module 16, and is used to send pulse signals to the microwave module 16 and the laser module 15.

[0039] The pulse signal is used to control the laser module 15 to emit laser light into the diamond NV color center 13 in each cycle, so that the microwave particles after Zeeman splitting are polarized to the ground state Ms=|0> energy level. Then, the laser module 15 stops emitting laser light and the microwave module 16 emits microwave signal into the first resonant cavity 11, so that the microwave particles polarized to the ground state Ms=|0> energy level are stimulated to radiate to the ground state Ms=|-1> energy level.

[0040] Diamond NV center 13 refers to a special luminescent point defect in diamond, formed by a nitrogen atom replacing a carbon atom and creating a hole nearby. Diamond NV center 13 is a highly stable room-temperature solid-state single-spin quantum system with advantages such as ease of initialization, readout, manipulation, long coherence time, and room-temperature operation, making it a highly promising quantum computing system. Diamond NV center 13 contains multiple microwave particles with various states and energy levels, and these states and energy levels are influenced by magnetic fields, lasers, and microwaves.

[0041] Without an external magnetic field, the microwave particles in the diamond NV color center 13 have one of two energy levels: Ms = |±1> and Ms = |0>. Since stimulated emission of microwave particles requires converting the Ms = |±1> energy level into two energy levels, Ms = |-1> and Ms = |+1>, and under magnetic field conditions, the microwave particles in the Ms = |±1> energy level will further split due to the Zeeman effect, a magnetic field needs to be applied outside the diamond NV color center 13 to cause the microwave particles in the Ms = |±1> energy level to undergo Zeeman splitting into the Ms = |-1> and Ms = |+1> energy levels.

[0042] After applying a magnetic field using the magnetic field generator 14, since the energy level of the microwave particles after Zeeman splitting may be below the Ms=|0> energy level, it is necessary to irradiate the diamond NV color center 13 with a laser for a period of time so that the microwave particles of the diamond NV color center 13 are polarized to the ground state Ms=|0> energy level.

[0043] In this embodiment, the pulse signal operates as follows: 1. First, control the laser module 15 to turn on and emit laser light. 2. Control the laser module 15 to turn off and stop emitting laser light. 3. Control the microwave module 16 to emit microwave signals.

[0044] By using a pulse signal generator 17 to transmit pulse signals to the laser module 15 and the microwave module 16, all microwave particles polarized to the ground state Ms=|0> energy level can participate in stimulated emission, thereby increasing the number of microwave particles in stimulated emission and improving the microwave amplification effect.

[0045] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 The diagram shows a pulse sequence of the pulse signal. As can be seen, the pulse signal includes a first pulse signal S1 and a second pulse signal S2. Specifically, the pulse signal generator 17 sends the first pulse signal S1 to the laser module 15 and the second pulse signal S2 to the microwave module 16. Figure 2 It can be seen that the first pulse signal S1 and the second pulse signal S2 have the same period, and the start time of each period is the same.

[0046] Since the pulse signal consists of a fixed combination of high and low levels, in some embodiments, the first pulse signal S1 includes a high-level state, i.e., a first activation pulse S11, which triggers the laser module 15 to emit laser light, and a low-level state, which triggers the laser module 15 to stop emitting laser light. The second pulse signal S2 includes a high-level state, i.e., a second activation pulse S21, which triggers the microwave module 16 to emit microwave signals, and a low-level state, which triggers the microwave module 16 to stop emitting microwave signals.

[0047] In some embodiments, the start time of the second activation pulse S21 is equal to the end time of the first activation pulse S11. That is, the second activation pulse S21 is sent immediately after the first activation pulse S11 ends. Therefore, the embodiments of the present invention can maximize the participation of microwave particles in the stimulated emission process.

[0048] like Figure 3 The diagram shows another structural schematic of a diamond NV center microwave maser. The laser module 15 includes an acousto-optic modulator 151 and a laser 152. The acousto-optic modulator 151 is a device that uses electronic drive signals to control the power, frequency, or direction of the laser beam. Therefore, the acousto-optic modulator 151 can be used to turn the laser 152 on or off, and controlling the laser 152 with the acousto-optic modulator 151 allows for more convenient and faster control of the laser beam intensity.

[0049] like Figure 3 The diagram shows another type of diamond NV center microwave maser. The microwave module 16 includes a microwave switch 161, a microwave source 162, and a microwave input port 163.

[0050] In some embodiments, after the microwave particles polarized to the ground state Ms = |0> energy level are stimulated to radiate to the ground state Ms = |-1> energy level, a microwave output port 164 can be provided on the surface of the first resonant cavity 11 to transmit the stimulated microwave signal to the outside of the first resonant cavity 11.

[0051] Since the proportion of microwave particles that can participate in stimulated emission is low in microwave masers based on continuous laser irradiation, this embodiment of the invention introduces a pulse signal generator 17 to control the laser module 15 and the microwave module 16.

[0052] The control process of the pulse signal generator 17 on the laser module 15 and the microwave module 16 is illustrated below with a specific embodiment:

[0053] Connect the pulse signal generator 17 to the acousto-optic modulator 151 and the microwave switch 161.

[0054] Pulse signal generator 17 generates a first pulse signal and sends it to acousto-optic modulator 151. Acousto-optic modulator 151 receives the first pulse signal. When the first pulse signal is at a high level, acousto-optic modulator 151 controls laser 152 to turn on, and laser 152 emits laser light towards the diamond NV color center 13, polarizing the Zeeman-split microwave particles to the ground state Ms = |0> energy level. When the first pulse signal is at a low level, acousto-optic modulator 151 controls laser 152 to turn off, and laser 152 stops emitting laser light towards the diamond NV color center 13.

[0055] When the first pulse signal transitions from a high-level state to a low-level state, the pulse signal generator 17 generates a second pulse signal and sends it to the microwave switch 161. The microwave switch 161 receives the second pulse signal. When the second pulse signal is at a high-level state, the microwave switch 162 controls the microwave source 162 to turn on and transmits a microwave signal into the first resonant cavity 11 through the microwave input port 163. This causes the microwave particles polarized to the ground state Ms = |0> energy level to undergo stimulated radiation to the ground state Ms = |-1> energy level. Finally, the stimulated radiation microwave signal is transmitted to the outside of the first resonant cavity 11 through the microwave output port 164, thus amplifying the microwave signal.

[0056] The embodiments of the present invention do not limit the duration of the first activation pulse 1 and the second activation pulse 1. For example, in some embodiments, the duration of the first activation pulse can be any value from 1 μs to 100 μs, and the duration of the second activation pulse can be any value from 0.1 ms to 10 ms.

[0057] The first resonant cavity 11 and the second resonant cavity 12 can be made of metallic materials such as copper, non-metallic materials such as sapphire, copper oxides, or superconducting materials such as iron and nickel. The embodiments of the present invention do not limit the specific materials of the first resonant cavity 11 and the second resonant cavity 12. For example, in some embodiments, the first resonant cavity 11 can be made of copper, and the second resonant cavity 12 can be made of sapphire.

[0058] In some embodiments, the diamond NV color center 13 may be located in the middle of the second resonant cavity 12, and the second resonant cavity 12 may be located in the middle of the second resonant cavity 11. The term "middle" refers to a position that is centered both vertically and horizontally.

[0059] The embodiments of the present invention do not limit the shape of the first resonant cavity 11 and the second resonant cavity 12. Referring to the common shapes of resonant cavities, the first resonant cavity 11 can be a hollow cylinder or a hollow cubic prism, and the second resonant cavity 12 can be a hollow annular cylinder or a hollow annular cubic prism.

[0060] In some embodiments, the diamond NV color center 13 can be in the shape of a sheet, and the color center concentration of the diamond NV color center 13 can range from 0.1 ppm to 200 ppm. When the diamond NV color center 13 is in the shape of a sheet, the length, width, and height of the diamond NV color center 13 can all range from 0.1 mm to 10 mm.

[0061] The magnetic field generator 14 is a specialized instrument for generating stable magnetic fields. It is capable of producing high-precision, stable magnetic fields to provide a reliable magnetic field environment. This embodiment of the invention does not limit the specific location of the magnetic field generator 14, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the magnetic field generator 14 can be located outside the first resonator 11.

[0062] In some embodiments, the direction of the magnetic field can be the same as the crystal orientation of the diamond NV color center 13, and the strength of the magnetic field is between 102.5 mT and 100 T.

[0063] In some embodiments, in order to ensure faster and better completion of the microwave particle polarization process of the diamond NV color center 13, the laser 152 can be positioned directly above or directly below the diamond NV color center 13.

[0064] In some embodiments, the laser power range can be from 100mW to 10W, and the laser wavelength can be 532nm. Setting the laser power between 100mW and 10W can solve the problem of excessively high temperature of the diamond NV color center 13 due to excessive laser power, and reduce the frequency shift of the microwave particles of the diamond NV color center 13.

[0065] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 The schematic diagram shows another type of diamond NV center microwave maser. When the laser 152 is located outside the first resonator 11, a first hole 111 can be provided on the first resonator 11, and a second hole 121 can be provided on the second resonator 12. The first hole 111 and the second hole 121 allow the laser emitted by the laser 152 to directly reach the diamond NV center 13, reducing laser loss during transmission.

[0066] Microwave switch 161 is a type of switch that primarily utilizes the Doppler effect principle. Through a self-developed planar antenna transmitting and receiving circuit, it intelligently detects the surrounding electromagnetic environment and automatically adjusts its operating state. Microwave switch 161 incorporates an integrated filter circuit, which not only effectively suppresses interference from higher harmonics and other clutter, but also features high sensitivity, high reliability, safety, convenience, and intelligent energy saving. Microwave source 162 is a device that generates microwave energy; microwave input port 163 is used to input microwave energy.

[0067] As examples, the following provides the fabrication and operation processes of two specific diamond NV center microwave masers:

[0068] Example 1:

[0069] Preparation process: Step 1: Select a sheet-shaped diamond NV color center 13 with a color center concentration of 3ppm and a length, width and height of 10mm.

[0070] Step 2: Place the diamond NV color center 13 selected in Step 1 inside a hollow annular cylindrical sapphire resonant cavity to obtain the first structure. Place the first structure inside a hollow cylindrical copper resonant cavity.

[0071] Step 3: Select a laser 152 with a wavelength of 532nm and a power of 1W, and a microwave source 152 with a frequency of 9GHz.

[0072] Step 4: Select any type of acousto-optic modulator 151 and microwave switch 161, connect the acousto-optic modulator 151 to the laser 152, and connect the microwave switch 161 to the microwave source 162.

[0073] Step 5: Select any type of pulse signal generator 17 and connect the pulse signal generator 17 to the acousto-optic modulator 151 and the microwave switch 161 respectively.

[0074] Step 6: Select a magnetic field generator 14 that can generate a magnetic field strength of 321mT. The preparation of the diamond NV color center microwave maser is completed.

[0075] Working process: Step 1: Turn on the magnetic field generator 14. The magnetic field generator 14 generates a magnetic field with a strength of 321mT. The magnetic field direction is the same as the crystal orientation of the diamond NV color center 13. The microwave particles of the diamond NV color center 13 undergo Zeeman splitting.

[0076] Step 2: The pulse signal generator 17 generates a first turn-on pulse with a duration of 10 μs and sends the first turn-on pulse to the acousto-optic modulator 151. The acousto-optic modulator 151 controls the laser 11 to emit laser light towards the diamond NV color center 13, and the microwave particles of the diamond NV color center 13 are polarized to the ground state Ms=|0> energy level.

[0077] Step 3: The pulse signal generator 17 generates a second turn-on pulse with a duration of 1ms and sends the second turn-on pulse to the microwave switch 161. The microwave switch 161 controls the microwave source 162 to emit microwave signals into the first resonant cavity 11 through the microwave input port 163. The microwave particles polarized to the ground state Ms=|0> energy level are stimulated to radiate to the ground state Ms=|-1> energy level.

[0078] Step 4: The microwave output port 164 transmits the stimulated radiation microwave signal to the outside of the first resonant cavity 11, and the diamond NV color center microwave maser is completed.

[0079] Example 2:

[0080] Preparation process: Step 1: Select a sheet-shaped diamond NV color center 13 with a color center concentration of 30ppm and a length, width and height of 2mm.

[0081] Step 2: Place the diamond NV color center 13 selected in Step 1 inside a hollow annular cylindrical sapphire resonant cavity to obtain the first structure. Place the first structure inside a hollow cylindrical copper resonant cavity.

[0082] Step 3: Select a laser 152 with a wavelength of 532nm and a power of 30W, and a microwave source 152 with a frequency of 90GHz.

[0083] Step 4: Select any type of acousto-optic modulator 151 and microwave switch 161, connect the acousto-optic modulator 151 to the laser 152, and connect the microwave switch 161 to the microwave source 162.

[0084] Step 5: Select any type of pulse signal generator 17 and connect the pulse signal generator 17 to the acousto-optic modulator 151 and the microwave switch 161 respectively.

[0085] Step 6: Select a magnetic field generator 14 that can generate a magnetic field strength of 3.2T. The preparation of the diamond NV color center microwave maser is completed.

[0086] Working process: The working process is the same as that in Example 1, so it will not be described again here.

[0087] This invention provides a diamond NV center microwave maser, comprising a first resonant cavity, a second resonant cavity located inside the first resonant cavity, a diamond NV center located inside the second resonant cavity, a magnetic field generator, a laser module, a microwave module, and a pulse signal generator. The magnetic field generator generates a magnetic field that causes Zeeman splitting of the microwave particles in the diamond NV center. The pulse signal generator sends pulse signals to both the laser module and the microwave module. In each cycle, the pulse signal first controls the laser module to emit laser light towards the diamond NV center, polarizing the Zeeman-split microwave particles to the ground state Ms = |0> energy level. Then, it controls the laser module to stop emitting laser light and controls the microwave module to emit microwave signals into the first resonant cavity, causing the microwave particles polarized to the ground state Ms = |0> energy level to undergo stimulated radiation to the ground state Ms = |-1> energy level.

[0088] Thus, by using a pulse signal generated by a pulse signal generator to activate the laser module and then stop emitting the laser, the conversion of microwave particles in the ground state Ms=|0> energy level to the excited state Ms=|0> energy level can be avoided. Therefore, when the laser stops emitting, controlling the microwave module to emit a microwave signal can ensure that all microwave particles in the ground state Ms=|0> participate in the stimulated emission process, thereby increasing the number of stimulated emission microwave particles and the microwave power emitted by stimulated emission, and improving the microwave amplification effect of the diamond NV color center microwave maser.

[0089] It should be understood that the sequence number of each step in the above embodiments does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0090] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A microwave maser for diamond NV color centers, characterized in that, It includes a first resonant cavity, a second resonant cavity, a diamond NV color center, a magnetic field generator, a laser module, a microwave module, and a pulse signal generator; The diamond NV color center is located inside the second resonant cavity, and the second resonant cavity is located inside the first resonant cavity; The magnetic field generator is located outside the first resonant cavity and is used to generate a magnetic field to cause the microwave particles of the diamond NV color center to undergo Zeeman splitting. The pulse signal generator is connected to the laser module and the microwave module, and is used to send pulse signals to the microwave module and the laser module; The pulse signal is used to control the laser module to emit laser light towards the diamond NV color center in each cycle, so that the microwave particles after Zeeman splitting are polarized to the ground state Ms=|0> energy level. Then, the laser module is controlled to stop emitting laser light, and the microwave module is controlled to emit microwave signals into the first resonant cavity, so that the microwave particles polarized to the ground state Ms=|0> energy level are stimulated to radiate to the ground state Ms=|-1> energy level.

2. The diamond NV color center microwave maser according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pulse signal includes a first pulse signal and a second pulse signal; The first pulse signal and the second pulse signal have the same period time, and the start time of each period is the same; Within each cycle, the first pulse signal includes a first activation pulse, which is used to trigger the laser module to emit laser light; Within each cycle, the second pulse signal includes a second activation pulse, which triggers the microwave module to transmit a microwave signal. Within each cycle, the start time of the second activation pulse is equal to the end time of the first activation pulse.

3. The diamond NV color center microwave maser according to claim 2, characterized in that, The laser module includes an acousto-optic modulator and a laser; One end of the acousto-optic modulator is connected to the pulse signal generator, and the other end is connected to the laser. The laser is located directly above or below the diamond NV color center. The acousto-optic modulator is used to turn on the laser according to the received first turn-on pulse, and control the laser to emit laser light toward the diamond NV color center, so as to polarize the microwave particles of the diamond NV color center to the ground state Ms=|0> energy level.

4. The diamond NV color center microwave maser according to claim 2, characterized in that, The duration of the first activation pulse ranges from 1 μs to 100 μs, and the duration of the second activation pulse ranges from 0.1 ms to 10 ms.

5. The diamond NV color center microwave maser according to claim 2, characterized in that, The microwave module includes a microwave switch, a microwave source, and a microwave input port; One end of the microwave switch is connected to the pulse signal generator, and the other end is connected to the microwave source, which is connected to the microwave input port. The microwave switch is used to turn on the microwave source according to the received second turn-on pulse, and control the microwave source to emit microwave signals into the first resonant cavity through the microwave input port, so that the microwave particles polarized to the ground state Ms=|0> energy level are stimulated to radiate to the ground state Ms=|-1> energy level.

6. The diamond NV color center microwave maser according to claim 5, characterized in that, The microwave module also includes a microwave output port, which is used to transmit the stimulated radiation microwave signal to the outside of the first resonant cavity.

7. The diamond NV color center microwave maser according to claim 1, characterized in that, The direction of the magnetic field is the same as the crystal orientation of the diamond NV color center.

8. The diamond NV color center microwave maser according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The power range of the laser is 100mW to 10W, and the wavelength of the laser is 532nm.

9. The diamond NV color center microwave maser according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The concentration range of the diamond NV color centers is 0.1 ppm to 200 ppm.

10. The diamond NV color center microwave maser according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The first resonant cavity is made of copper, and the second resonant cavity is made of sapphire. The first resonant cavity is a hollow cylinder or a hollow cubic prism, and the second resonant cavity is a hollow annular cylinder or a hollow annular cubic prism.

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