A fiber metal laminate structure having an electrical heating function

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of composite material electric heating, in particular to a fiber metal laminated structure with electric heating function. It comprises an inner heat preservation layer, an outer metal layer, an electrode, a temperature controller, a heat conducting wire and an intermediate metal layer, a composite material layer, an electric heating layer and an insulating layer which are mutually adhered between the inner heat preservation layer and the outer metal layer; the electric heating layer and the insulating layer are sequentially adhered from inside to outside, and at least one set of alternating intermediate metal layer and composite material layer is arranged between the inner heat preservation layer and the electric heating layer; the two ends of the electric heating layer are connected with the corresponding electrodes, the temperature controller is arranged between the inner heat preservation layer and the intermediate metal layer adjacent to the inner heat preservation layer, and the two ends of the heat conducting wire are connected with the composite material layer adjacent to the lower side of the electric heating layer and the temperature controller. The purpose of the fiber metal laminated structure with electric heating function is to solve the problems of inaccurate temperature control and high difficulty in arranging temperature sensors in the traditional electric heating system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of composite material electric heating technology, and specifically to a fiber-metal laminate structure with electric heating function. Background Technology

[0002] The leading edge of an aircraft wing, as a crucial aerodynamic structure, primarily provides lift. However, aircraft face the risks of leading edge icing and bird strikes during complex weather conditions and low-altitude takeoffs and landings. Leading edge icing causes the aircraft to lose its aerodynamic shape, rendering it unable to provide lift and potentially leading to a crash. Bird strikes, on the other hand, can easily damage or destroy the electrical structures behind the leading edge, causing tail control system failure and resulting in serious flight accidents. Existing anti-bird strike and de-icing structures are generally quite simple, employing a single fiber-reinforced composite material or a single metal material, with anti-icing airbags or heating structures placed on their surface, or using engine-guided hot airflow for de-icing. These structures and de-icing methods, limited by material properties, cannot simultaneously address the requirements of lightweight aircraft and bird strike and de-icing capabilities. Composite materials have poor impact resistance, while metal materials are too heavy.

[0003] Therefore, the inventors have provided a fiber-metal laminate structure with an electric heating function. Summary of the Invention

[0004] (1) Technical problems to be solved

[0005] This invention provides a fiber-metal laminate structure with electric heating function, which solves the technical problems of inaccurate temperature control and high difficulty in arranging temperature sensors in traditional electric heating systems.

[0006] (2) Technical solution

[0007] The present invention provides a fiber-metal laminate structure with electric heating function, including an inner insulation layer, an outer metal layer, an electrode, a temperature controller, a heat-conducting wire, and an intermediate metal layer, a composite material layer, an electric heating layer, and an insulating layer that are bonded to each other between the inner insulation layer and the outer metal layer.

[0008] The electric heating layer and the insulating layer are sequentially bonded together from the inside to the outside, and at least one set of intermediate metal layer and composite material layer are alternately stacked between the inner insulation layer and the electric heating layer.

[0009] Both ends of the electric heating layer are connected to the corresponding electrodes. The temperature controller is placed between the inner insulation layer and the intermediate metal layer adjacent to the inner insulation layer. The two ends of the heat-conducting wire are respectively connected to the composite material layer adjacent to the electric heating layer and the temperature controller.

[0010] Furthermore, the outer metal layer is isolated from the electrically heated layer by the insulating layer.

[0011] Furthermore, the inner insulation layer is made of fiber-reinforced aerogel felt with a thermal conductivity of less than 0.04 W / m·K and a compressive strength of more than 3 MPa.

[0012] Furthermore, the material of the outer metal layer is at least one of aluminum alloy, titanium alloy, and steel.

[0013] Furthermore, the thickness of the outer metal layer is 0.2 mm to 0.3 mm.

[0014] Furthermore, the electric heating layer is a carbon nanotube conductive film.

[0015] Furthermore, the sheet resistance of the electric heating layer is controlled within the range of 1Ω / □ to 10Ω / □, and the heat resistance stability temperature is higher than 400℃.

[0016] Furthermore, the insulating layer is made of glass fiber prepreg or nylon nonwoven prepreg, with a thickness ranging from 0.05 mm to 0.1 mm and a heat resistance temperature higher than 150°C.

[0017] Furthermore, the electrode is a copper strip or a silver strip with a thickness ranging from 0.2 mm to 0.4 mm.

[0018] Furthermore, the heat-conducting wire is a highly thermally conductive bundled fiber with a thermal conductivity higher than 800 W / m·K.

[0019] (3) Beneficial effects

[0020] In summary, this invention utilizes the advantages of layering composite and metal materials to fuse various materials in a specific structure to achieve electric heating. Furthermore, by connecting the electric heating layer and the temperature controller with a heat-conducting wire, it achieves higher precision temperature control performance. At the same time, the inner insulation layer further ensures that heat is not lost ineffectively, thereby improving the efficiency of electric heating de-icing. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a front-edge cross-sectional view of a fiber-metal laminate structure with electric heating function provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2This is a front view of the leading edge of a fiber-metal laminate structure with electric heating function provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] In the picture:

[0025] 1-Inner insulation layer; 2-Outer metal layer; 3-Middle metal layer; 4-Composite material layer; 5-Electric heating layer; 6-Insulation layer; 7-Electric electrode; 8-Temperature controller; 9-Heat-conducting wire. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following detailed description of the embodiments and the accompanying drawings are used to illustrate the principles of the present invention by way of example, but should not be used to limit the scope of the present invention. That is, the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments, and any modifications, substitutions and improvements to the parts, components and connection methods are covered without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[0027] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. This application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0028] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of this invention is in use, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly understood by those skilled in the art. They are only used to facilitate the description of this invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0029] In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set" and "install" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a fiber-metal laminate structure with electric heating function provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 1-2As shown, the laminated structure may include an inner insulation layer 1, an outer metal layer 2, an electrode 7, a temperature controller 8, a heat-conducting wire 9, and an intermediate metal layer 3, a composite material layer 4, an electric heating layer 5, and an insulating layer 6 that are bonded together between the inner insulation layer 1 and the outer metal layer 2. The electric heating layer 5 and the insulating layer 6 are bonded together in sequence from the inside to the outside. At least one set of intermediate metal layers 3 and composite material layers 4 are alternately stacked between the inner insulation layer 1 and the electric heating layer 5. Both ends of the electric heating layer 5 are connected to the corresponding electrode 7. The temperature controller 8 is placed between the inner insulation layer 1 and the intermediate metal layer 3 adjacent to the inner insulation layer 1. Both ends of the heat-conducting wire 9 are connected to the composite material layer 3 and the temperature controller 8 adjacent to the electric heating layer 5, respectively.

[0031] In the above embodiment, when the outer surface temperature of the leading edge of the fiber-metal laminate structure is below 0°C, the low temperature of the outer surface is rapidly conducted to the temperature controller 8 by the heat-conducting wire 9. The temperature controller 8 makes a low-temperature power-on judgment and connects the power supply. The power supply voltage is applied to the electric heating layer, which begins to generate heat, causing the temperature of the leading edge surface of the structure to rise. At the same time, the generated heat is conducted to the temperature controller 8 by the heat-conducting wire 9 with a high thermal conductivity, enabling the temperature controller 8 to quickly sense the real-time temperature of the adjacent outer side. When the temperature rises to 10°C, the temperature controller 8 makes a circuit disconnection judgment, completing the electric heating control of the leading edge structure. Through the temperature control of the above electric heating material, the anti-icing function of the fiber-metal structure is realized.

[0032] Among them, the composite material layer 3 is made of glass fiber composite material, and the temperature controllers 8 all have automatic on / off functions for temperature control, with a temperature control range of -20℃ to 120℃, which can be adjusted and set according to actual needs.

[0033] As an optional implementation, the outer metal layer 2 is isolated from the electrically heated layer 5 by the insulating layer 6. Specifically, as... Figure 1 As shown, the specific dimensions of the electric heating layer 5 and the insulating layer 6 can be smaller than those of the intermediate metal layer 3 and the composite material layer 4. The dimensions of the insulating layer 6 are adapted to the electric heating layer 5, and its function is to completely isolate the outer metal layer 2 from the electric heating layer 5.

[0034] As an optional implementation, the inner insulation layer 1 is made of fiber-reinforced aerogel felt with a thermal conductivity below 0.04 W / m·K and a compressive strength above 3 MPa. Matching these two parameters balances the thermal conductivity of the aluminum alloy / composite material hybrid structure, the thermal conductivity and strength of the aerogel felt, and cost, achieving optimal results. Since the electric heating structure is not continuously operating, the above-mentioned thermal conductivity ensures that the electric heating structure retains heat during operation, and the compressive strength can be matched synchronously, while also keeping costs relatively low. If the thermal conductivity is too high, it will be unable to maintain short-term insulation capabilities; if the thermal conductivity is too low, the strength will be too poor to maintain its shape, and the cost will be very high.

[0035] As an optional implementation, the outer metal layer 2 is made of at least one of aluminum alloy, titanium alloy, and steel, and its thickness is 0.2 mm to 0.3 mm. The thickness of the outer metal layer 2 is selected by balancing structural net strength, impact resistance, and lightweight efficiency; this parameter is chosen based on calculations of weight and strength.

[0036] As an optional implementation, the electric heating layer 5 is a carbon nanotube conductive film. The sheet resistance of the electric heating layer 5 is controlled within the range of 1Ω / □ to 10Ω / □, and the heat resistance stability temperature is higher than 400℃. The planar carbon nanotube material offers advantages in overall heating and high thermal efficiency. Based on comprehensive calculations considering the aircraft's power tolerance and anti-icing capabilities, selecting the above-mentioned resistive material, while ensuring aircraft engine efficiency, offers a high degree of adaptability and is the optimal choice. Outside this range, either the aircraft load will be significantly affected, or the goal of precise control cannot be achieved. The heat resistance temperature is based on extreme conditions where localized instantaneous high temperatures may occur, causing the high-temperature resin under load to melt. Currently, the highest temperature-resistant resin can withstand for extended periods up to 400℃; therefore, the heating material must also withstand this temperature.

[0037] As an optional implementation, the insulation layer 6 is made of glass fiber prepreg or nylon nonwoven prepreg, with a thickness ranging from 0.05 mm to 0.1 mm and a heat resistance temperature higher than 150°C. The insulation material is used to insulate the electric heating material from the aluminum layer; its thickness should be moderate to ensure both insulation and thermal conductivity. If the material is too thick, it will affect thermal conductivity, cause uneven temperature distribution on the outer aluminum alloy, and increase weight; if it is too thin, the operational risk is too high, and it is prone to breakage. This thickness is the optimal choice. Calculations show that the de-icing temperature is generally at most 120°C, therefore the glass transition temperature of the insulation layer should be 30°C higher to ensure structural rigidity.

[0038] As an optional implementation, electrode 7 is a copper strip or silver strip with a thickness ranging from 0.2 mm to 0.4 mm.

[0039] Specifically, copper or silver spherical powder is welded and attached to the surface of electrode 7, with the powder diameter ranging from 20µm to 50µm. The electrode thickness is related to the current. Based on the goal of efficient de-icing, the maximum current of the structure is about 50 amperes. A thickness of 0.2 to 0.4µm can ensure electrode safety, and this thickness range is acceptable during the structure manufacturing process and does not affect the structural strength and manufacturability.

[0040] Among them, the copper ball powder is produced using processes such as ion spraying. According to the test results, a thickness of 20um or more can achieve great adhesion, while the effect weakens when the thickness is greater than 50um.

[0041] As an optional implementation, the heat-conducting wire 9 is a highly thermally conductive bundled fiber with a thermal conductivity exceeding 800 W / m·K. Calculations show that this thermal conductivity allows heat to be rapidly conducted to the designated location, making monitoring more accurate.

[0042] It should be noted that the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to mutually. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments. The present invention is not limited to the specific steps and structures described above and shown in the figures. Furthermore, for the sake of brevity, detailed descriptions of known methods and techniques are omitted here.

[0043] The above are merely embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principle of this application should be included within the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A fiber-metal laminate structure with electric heating function, characterized in that, It includes an inner insulation layer (1), an outer metal layer (2), an electrode (7), a temperature controller (8), a heat-conducting wire (9), and an intermediate metal layer (3), a composite material layer (4), an electric heating layer (5), and an insulation layer (6) that are bonded to each other between the inner insulation layer (1) and the outer metal layer (2). The electric heating layer (5) and the insulating layer (6) are sequentially bonded together from the inside to the outside. At least one set of intermediate metal layer (3) and composite material layer (4) are alternately stacked between the inner heat insulation layer (1) and the electric heating layer (5). Both ends of the electric heating layer (5) are connected to the corresponding electrodes (7). The temperature controller (8) is placed between the inner insulation layer (1) and the intermediate metal layer (3) adjacent to the inner insulation layer (1). The two ends of the heat-conducting wire (9) are respectively connected to the composite material layer (4) adjacent to the electric heating layer (5) and the temperature controller (8).

2. The fiber-metal laminate structure with electric heating function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer metal layer (2) is isolated from the electric heating layer (5) by the insulating layer (6).

3. The fiber-metal laminate structure with electric heating function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner insulation layer (1) is made of fiber-reinforced aerogel felt with a thermal conductivity of less than 0.04 W / m·K and a compressive strength of more than 3 MPa.

4. The fiber-metal laminate structure with electric heating function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer metal layer (2) is made of at least one of aluminum alloy, titanium alloy and steel.

5. The fiber-metal laminate structure with electric heating function according to claim 4, characterized in that, The thickness of the outer metal layer (2) is 0.2 mm to 0.3 mm.

6. The fiber-metal laminate structure with electric heating function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electric heating layer (5) is a carbon nanotube conductive film.

7. The fiber-metal laminate structure with electric heating function according to claim 6, characterized in that, The sheet resistance of the electric heating layer (5) is controlled within the range of 1Ω / □ to 10Ω / □, and the heat resistance stability temperature is higher than 400℃.

8. The fiber-metal laminate structure with electric heating function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The insulating layer (6) is made of glass fiber prepreg or nylon nonwoven prepreg, with a thickness ranging from 0.05 mm to 0.1 mm and a heat resistance temperature higher than 150°C.

9. The fiber-metal laminate structure with electric heating function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrode (7) is a copper strip or a silver strip with a thickness ranging from 0.2 mm to 0.4 mm.

10. The fiber-metal laminate structure with electric heating function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat-conducting wire (9) is a highly thermally conductive bundled fiber with a thermal conductivity higher than 800 W / m·K.

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