Hydrophobic and superhydrophobic coatings and methods thereof

Abstract

The present invention provides hydrophobic and superhydrophobic coatings and articles coated with these hydrophobic and superhydrophobic coatings that exhibit excellent hydrophobic properties. These hydrophobic or superhydrophobic coatings and articles coated therewith can be prepared, for example, using an unconventional approach based on a one-step, stoichiometrically controlled hydrolysis and condensation reaction of organosilanes. The reaction can provide micro- to nanoscale hierarchical siloxane aggregates that can be dispersed in a solvent (e.g., an organic solvent) to provide a coating mixture.

Claims

1. An article comprising: Hydrophobic coating containing microparticles, in: The microparticles are disposed on the surface of the article and covalently bonded to the surface of the article. The particles are porous and contain hierarchical morphology. The particles comprise aggregated multiple fibers, and The fiber contains C 12 -C 18 Alkyl halosiloxanes, C6-C 18 Fluoroalkyl halogenated siloxanes or any combination thereof.

2. The article of claim 1, wherein the fiber is substantially composed of the C 12 -C 18 Alkyl halosiloxanes or any combination thereof.

3. The article of claim 1, wherein the fiber comprises C 12 -C 18 Alkyl chlorosiloxanes.

4. The article of claim 1, wherein the fiber comprises C 18 Alkyl halosiloxanes.

5. The article of claim 1 or claim 4, wherein the fiber comprises C 18 Alkyl chlorosiloxanes.

6. The article of manufacture according to any one of claims 1, 2, and 4, wherein C 12 -C 18 alkyl halosiloxanes or the C 18 Alkyl halogenated siloxanes contain fewer than three halogen substituents per Si atom.

7. The article according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the fiber has an average diameter of 50 nm to 10,000 nm.

8. The article according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the fiber comprises nanofibers with an average diameter of 50 nm to less than 1000 nm.

9. The article of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the particles have an average diameter of 0.1 μm to 1000 μm.

10. The article according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the hydrophobic coating has a water contact angle of 90° to 180°.

11. The article of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the microparticles comprise pores with a maximum size of 0.05 μm to 1 μm.

12. The article of claim 1 to claim 4, wherein the microparticles are further encapsulated with small molecules.

13. The article of claim 1 to claim 4, wherein the coating comprises a density of 1 to 10,000,000,000 particles per square centimeter.

14. The article of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the fibers are physically entangled and chemically cross-linked.

15. The article of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the surface comprises fabric, glass, wood, plastic, metal, leather, suede, fiberglass, or any combination thereof.

16. The article of claim 1 to claim 4, wherein the article of claim 1 is self-cleaning.

17. The article of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the article comprises a fabric and is gas permeable.

18. A hydrophobic coating formulation, said hydrophobic coating formulation comprising: A suspension containing particles suspended in a continuous phase. in: The particles are porous and contain hierarchical morphology. The particles comprise aggregated multiple fibers, and The fiber contains C 12 -C 18 Alkyl halosiloxanes, C6-C 18 Fluoroalkyl halogenated siloxanes or any combination thereof; and The continuous phase includes organic solvents, alkyl trihalosilanes, or combinations thereof.

19. A method for preparing a hydrophobic coating, the method comprising: Provide water and C 12 -C 18 Alkyl trihalosilanes and / or C6-C 18 A mixture of fluoroalkyl trihalosilanes; The mixture is blended to provide an emulsion of nanodroplets with a diameter of 1 nm to 1000 nm; The water and C in the mixture 12 -C 18 Alkyl trihalosilanes and / or C6-C 18 Fluoroalkyl trihalosilanes react to provide C 12 -C 18 Alkyl halogenated siloxanes and / or C6-C 18 Multiple fibers of fluoroalkyl halosiloxane; and The multiple fibers are aggregated to provide suspension in C 12 -C 18 Alkyl trihalosilanes and / or C6-C 18 Porous microparticles in fluoroalkyl trihalosilanes.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the emulsion is contained in the C 12 -C 18 Water nanodroplets in a continuous phase of alkyl trihalosilanes.

21. The method of claim 19 or claim 20, wherein the mixture comprises a water:C molar ratio of 0.01:1 to 10:

1. 12 -C 18 Alkyl trihalosilanes.

22. The method of claim 19 or claim 20, wherein the mixture comprises water in a 1:2 molar ratio:C 12 -C 18 Alkyl trihalosilanes.

23. The method of claim 19 or claim 20, wherein the mixture comprises 0.01% to 10% C by volume. 12 -C 18 Water in alkyl trihalosilanes.

24. The method of claim 19 or claim 20, wherein the mixture comprises 2% C by volume. 12 -C 18 Water in alkyl trihalosilanes.

25. The method of claim 19 or claim 20, wherein mixing the mixture comprises one or more steps of vortexing at 10 to 10,000 rpm for a duration of 0.1 s to 1 h, sonicating at a frequency of 5 kHz to 50 MHz for a duration of 0.1 s to 1 h, or a combination thereof.

26. The method of claim 19 or claim 20, wherein mixing the mixture comprises vortexing at 100 to 10,000 rpm for a duration of 0.1 s to 1 h, sonicating at a frequency of 5 kHz to 50 MHz for a duration of 0.1 s to 1 h, and then vortexing the mixture at 10 to 1000 rpm for a duration of 0.1 s to 1 h.

27. The method according to claim 19 or claim 20, wherein the water is reacted with the C 12 -C 18 The step of reacting alkyl trihalosilanes to provide the fibers and agglomerate the fibers together occurs over a period of 0.1 seconds to 10,000 minutes.

28. The method according to claim 19 or claim 20, wherein the water is reacted with the C 12 -C 18 The steps of reacting alkyl trihalosilanes to provide the fibers and / or agglomerating the fibers are carried out at a temperature of 0°C to 200°C and a pressure of 10 kPa to 10 mPa.

29. The method according to claim 19 or claim 20, wherein the water is reacted with the C 12 -C 18 The step of reacting alkyl trihalosilanes to provide the fibers and / or agglomerating the fibers is carried out at a temperature of 20°C to 25°C and at 1 atmosphere.

30. A method for preparing a hydrophobic article, the method comprising: The suspension of the particles according to any one of claims 18 to 20 is diluted in an organic solvent to provide a diluent for the particles; as well as A diluted solution of the microparticles is applied to the surface of the article to provide the hydrophobic article.

31. The method of claim 30, wherein applying the diluent comprises immersing the article in the diluent of the particles, spraying the diluent of the particles onto the surface of the article, spraying the diluent of the particles onto the surface of the article, or any combination thereof.

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