Mitigation of cylinder head junction gas leakage

Abstract

An internal combustion engine system includes a cylinder block, a plurality of split rings, a cylinder head, and a head gasket. The cylinder block defines a combustion cylinder. The plurality of split rings enclose the combustion cylinder. The cylinder head is coupled to the cylinder block and covers the combustion cylinder. The head gasket is disposed between the cylinder head and the cylinder block and is configured to engage with the plurality of split rings. The cylinder head can also include an expansion groove disposed between adjacent ones of the plurality of split rings and extending in a circumferential direction around the cylinder head.

Description

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to UK patent application 2104002.7, filed on 23 March 2021, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This disclosure generally relates to gaskets for internal combustion engine systems and cylinder head-cylinder block interface designs. Background Technology

[0004] background

[0005] An internal combustion engine system includes a cylinder head and a cylinder block. The cylinder head covers the top of at least one combustion cylinder of the cylinder block and includes valves to control the inflow of air or an air / fuel mixture into the combustion cylinder and the outflow of combustion gases from the combustion cylinder. The cylinder head may also include fuel injectors to control the introduction of fuel into the cylinder during engine operation. To seal the cylinder head to the cylinder block, the engine system may include a cover gasket extending along the interface surface between the cylinder head and the cylinder block assembly, which may include at least one cylinder liner. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Overview

[0007] One embodiment of this disclosure relates to an internal combustion engine system including a cylinder block, a plurality of bit rings, a cylinder head, and a cover gasket. The cylinder block defines a combustion cylinder. The plurality of bit rings surround the cylinder. The cylinder head is coupled to the cylinder block and covers the combustion cylinder. The cover gasket is disposed between the cylinder head and the cylinder block and is configured to engage with the plurality of bit rings.

[0008] In some embodiments, the internal combustion engine system includes an expansion groove disposed in the lower surface of the cylinder head and extending circumferentially around the cylinder head. The cylinder head may define a first exhaust passage and a second exhaust passage within the cylinder head, the first exhaust passage extending between the expansion groove and the second exhaust passage, the second exhaust passage being fluidly connected to the external environment. For example, the first exhaust passage may be coupled to an exhaust port in the cylinder head.

[0009] In some embodiments, the engine system includes a bushing at least partially disposed within a combustion cylinder, and a channel disposed within the bushing extending between an upper and lower side of the bushing. For example, the channel may be configured to guide leaked combustion gases from the upper side of the bushing to a low-pressure region of the combustion cylinder, or to a space below the piston of the internal combustion engine system.

[0010] Another embodiment of this disclosure relates to an internal combustion engine including a cylinder block and a cylinder head. The cylinder block defines a combustion cylinder. The cylinder head is coupled to the cylinder block and covers the combustion cylinder. The cylinder head includes an extension and a sealing ring disposed on the extension and configured to engage with the inner surface of the combustion cylinder.

[0011] Another embodiment of this disclosure relates to an internal combustion engine including a cylinder block, a bushing, and a cylinder head. The cylinder block defines a combustion cylinder. The bushing is at least partially disposed within the combustion cylinder. The cylinder head is coupled to the cylinder block and covers the combustion cylinder. The cylinder head extends axially into the bushing. The cylinder head includes a sealing ring disposed on the cylinder head, the sealing ring being configured to engage an inner surface of the bushing.

[0012] Another embodiment of this disclosure relates to an internal combustion engine system including a cylinder block, a engagement ring, a cylinder head, and a cover gasket. The cylinder block defines a combustion cylinder. The engagement ring surrounds the combustion cylinder. The cylinder head is coupled to the cylinder block and covers the combustion cylinder. The cover gasket is disposed between the cylinder head and the cylinder block and is configured to engage with the engagement ring. At least one of the cylinder head or the cover gasket includes a first recess surrounding the engagement ring and a second recess or a second plurality of recesses extending radially away from the first recess to the outer edge of the cover gasket.

[0013] It should be understood that all combinations of the foregoing concepts and the additional concepts discussed in more detail below are considered part of the subject matter disclosed herein. In particular, all combinations of the claimed subject matter appended at the end of this disclosure are considered part of the subject matter disclosed herein. Attached Figure Description Brief description of the attached diagram

[0015] The foregoing and other features of this disclosure will become more fully apparent from the accompanying drawings, the following description, and the appended claims. It should be understood that these drawings depict only a few embodiments according to this disclosure and should therefore not be considered as limiting the scope of this disclosure, which will be described in further specific detail using the drawings.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a partial perspective view of the cylinder head joint arrangement of an internal combustion engine system according to an embodiment.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a side cross-sectional view of the cylinder head joint arrangement for an internal combustion engine system according to an embodiment.

[0018] Figure 3 It is used for Figure 1 A top view of the cover gasket of the engine system.

[0019] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A partial perspective view of the cover gasket.

[0020] Figure 5 This is a side cross-sectional view of a cylinder head joint arrangement having multiple engagement rings according to an embodiment.

[0021] Figure 6 This is a side cross-sectional view of the cylinder head joint arrangement including the void in the cylinder head according to an embodiment.

[0022] Figure 7 This is a side cross-sectional view of the cylinder head joint arrangement including the exhaust clearance in the cylinder head according to an embodiment.

[0023] Figure 8 This is a side cross-sectional view of a cylinder head joint arrangement including an exhaust clearance in the cylinder head, according to another embodiment.

[0024] Figure 9 This is a side cross-sectional view of the cylinder head joint arrangement including the sealing ring according to an embodiment.

[0025] Figure 10 This is a side cross-sectional view of a cylinder head joint arrangement including a sealing ring according to another embodiment.

[0026] Figure 11 yes Figure 10 A side cross-sectional view of the sealing ring portion of the cylinder head gasket arrangement.

[0027] Figure 12 This is a side cross-sectional view of the cylinder head joint arrangement including radial clearance and vent, according to an embodiment.

[0028] Figure 13 yes Figure 12 A partial perspective view of the cylinder head gasket arrangement.

[0029] Figure 14 This is a perspective view of the cylinder head according to an embodiment.

[0030] Figure 15 yes Figure 14 The grooved portion of the cylinder head is copied.

[0031] Figure 16 This is a side cross-sectional view of the cylinder head joint arrangement according to an embodiment, including the bushing passage and the gap located in the cylinder head.

[0032] In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, like reference numerals generally identify like parts unless the context otherwise indicates. The illustrative embodiments described in the detailed description, drawings, and claims are not intended to be limiting. Other embodiments may be utilized, and other changes may be made, without departing from the spirit or scope of the subject matter presented herein. It will be readily understood that aspects of this disclosure generally described herein and illustrated in the drawings can be arranged, substituted, combined, and designed in a variety of different configurations, all of which are expressly contemplated and constitute a part of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0033] Detailed description

[0034] The embodiments described herein generally relate to methods and apparatus for preventing combustion gases from leaking from an internal combustion engine system and for mitigating damage to engine system components in the event of a gas leak. Specifically, the embodiments described herein generally relate to cylinder head joint arrangements for internal combustion engine systems.

[0035] Various internal combustion engine systems include a cylinder block assembly and a cylinder head attached to the cylinder block. The cylinder block assembly may include cylinder liners defining a plurality of combustion cylinders (e.g., chambers, etc.). A clamping load compresses a gasket between the cylinder head and the cylinder block assembly to prevent high-temperature combustion gases from leaking from the combustion cylinders and to reduce the risk of damage to adjacent components, including seals in areas where fluids (e.g., oil or coolant) are present. In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the engine system 10 includes a plurality of cylinder heads 12, each cylinder head 12 being paired with and covering a corresponding one of the combustion cylinders. Each cylinder head 12 is disposed on an outer surface 14 (e.g., a sealing surface, sealing interface, etc.) of the cylinder block 16 and covers a portion of the outer surface 14. Figure 1 As shown, the engine system 10 also includes a cover gasket 18 that is sandwiched or otherwise disposed between the cylinder head 12 and the cylinder block 16 to prevent exhaust gases from leaking from the combustion cylinder.

[0036] like Figure 2As shown, the engine system 10 includes a cylinder bushing 15 on which a locking ring 20 (e.g., an axial protrusion) is located. The locking ring 20 engages a cover gasket 18 under compression to improve the seal between the cover gasket 18 and the cylinder head 12. The sealing performance provided by the cover gasket 18 at the locking ring 20 (among other factors) depends on the amount of compression between the cylinder head 12 and the cylinder block 16, and the position of the cylinder bushing 15 on the cylinder block surface (e.g., ...). Figure 1 The amount of protrusion above the upper surface of the cylinder block (as shown), the thickness of the gasket 18, the rigidity of the cylinder head 12 and cylinder block 16, the machining tolerances of the mating surfaces of the cylinder head 12 and cylinder block 16, and the temperature difference between the cylinder head 12 and cylinder block 16 during engine operation can all cause warping of the sealing surface of the individual cylinder head 12. Under certain operating conditions, the pressure of the exhaust gases in the combustion cylinder may exceed the maximum permissible fluid pressure that the compression seal formed by the gasket 18 can accommodate. This problem is particularly problematic in high-horsepower diesel and natural gas engine systems operating at high peak combustion pressures. In these cases, the high-temperature exhaust gases can bypass the seal at the engagement ring 20 and damage sensitive components, such as the cylinder head gasket rings that prevent leakage from coolant and oil passages through the gasket 18. Damage to the gasket rings can lead to cross-contamination between the oil and coolant flows, resulting in reduced engine performance and a shortened overall service life of the engine system 10, and may require additional maintenance.

[0037] The cylinder head joint structure disclosed herein alleviates the aforementioned problems. In particular, various exemplary embodiments improve the strength of the seal between the cylinder head and cylinder block assembly. Furthermore, various embodiments provide control over the flow of combustion gases in the event of leakage through the gasket seal at the interface between the cylinder head and cylinder block assembly. In one embodiment, the cylinder bushing includes a plurality of engagement rings disposed on the cylinder bushing and engaging the cover gasket. During engine operation, the flow of combustion gases is substantially restricted through the innermost engagement ring. The pressure and velocity of any bypass combustion gases continue to decrease along the flow path between the innermost engagement ring and adjacent engagement rings, which increases the integrity of the compression seal at the outermost engagement ring. In one embodiment, the cylinder head and / or gasket also define an expansion groove between adjacent engagement rings. The expansion groove provides a closed volume for expansion of any leaked combustion gases, which further reduces the fluid pressure at the outermost engagement ring.

[0038] In at least one embodiment, combustion gases entering the expansion groove are either directly discharged into the atmosphere or discharged through the cylinder head to the exhaust port to reduce the fluid pressure acting on the outermost engagement ring. In another embodiment, the geometry of the cylinder head and cylinder liner (upstream of the cylinder head gasket) can be designed to reduce the combustion gas pressure acting on the gasket. For example, the cylinder head can define a recessed groove surrounding (e.g., circumferentially surrounding, encircling, etc.) the combustion cylinder, and the recessed groove receives at least a portion of the liner dam therein to increase flow restriction between the cylinder liner and the cylinder head. Furthermore, the cylinder head can include a sealing ring disposed within the recessed groove and engaging the liner (e.g., liner bore, liner inner diameter, etc.) to prevent exhaust gas leakage through the flow path between the cylinder head and the liner. In some embodiments, the cylinder head can also include a channel downstream of the sealing ring, between the sealing ring and the gasket, to discharge combustion gases to the exhaust port of the cylinder head.

[0039] In yet another embodiment, the cylinder head and / or gasket can be modified to direct any leaking combustion gases into the environment surrounding the engine system and away from any sensitive engine system components. For example, at least one of the cylinder head or gasket may define multiple flow-guiding recesses, including a first recess surrounding (e.g., circumferentially encircling, looping, etc.) an engagement ring, and a second recess extending radially away from the first recess and the combustion cylinder to the outer edge of the gasket. Among other benefits, reducing and / or controlling the flow of escaping combustion gases through the gasket lowers the risk of damaging sensitive coolant / oil gasket rings in the cylinder head gasket. Furthermore, these configurations can be retrofitted to existing engine systems without modifying or replacing the original equipment cylinder block or altering engine performance.

[0040] The various concepts introduced above and discussed in more detail below can be implemented in many ways, as the described concepts are not limited to any particular implementation. Examples of specific implementations and applications are provided primarily for illustrative purposes.

[0041] The various numerical values ​​provided herein are for reference only. Unless otherwise indicated, all figures used in this specification and claims to indicate quantities of properties, parameters, conditions, etc., should be understood to be modified in all cases by the term "approximately." Therefore, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the following specification and appended claims are approximate values. Any numerical parameter should be interpreted at least according to the reported significant figures and with the application of ordinary rounding techniques. When the term "approximately" is used before a numerical name (e.g., quantity and / or number including ranges), it indicates an approximate value that may vary (+) or (-) by 10%, 5%, or 1%.

[0042] As those skilled in the art will understand, for any and all purposes, particularly in providing a written description, all scopes disclosed herein also encompass any and all possible subscopes and combinations thereof. Any enumerated scope can be readily considered sufficiently described and such that the same scope can be divided into at least equal halves, thirds, quarters, fifths, tenths, etc. As a non-limiting example, each scope discussed herein can be readily divided into a lower third, a middle third, and an upper third, etc. As those skilled in the art will also understand, all linguistic terms such as “up to,” “at least,” “greater than,” “less than,” etc., include the cited numbers and refer to a scope that can subsequently be divided into subscopes as discussed above. Finally, as those skilled in the art will understand, a scope includes each individual member.

[0043] Back Figure 1 The engine system 10 includes a cylinder block having cylinders arranged in pairs on both sides of a cylinder block 16. In other embodiments, the cylinder arrangement may differ. The engine may be a diesel engine, gasoline engine, natural gas engine, dual-fuel engine, biodiesel engine, E85 engine, flexible fuel engine, gas turbine, or another type of internal combustion engine or drive. The engine can be used to power an electric generator (e.g., a generator set), alternator, etc., for generating electricity (e.g., power). In another embodiment, the engine system can be used to power a truck, boat, locomotive, or another type of vehicle (e.g., a highway or off-road vehicle). In yet another embodiment, the engine system can be used in industrial applications to drive a pump, hydraulic system, or another type of system.

[0044] like Figures 1 to 2 As shown, the engine system 10 includes a plurality of cylinder heads 12 and corresponding plurality of cover gaskets 18. Each cylinder head 12 and cover gasket 18 mates with a corresponding cylinder 22 in the cylinder block 16. In other embodiments, a single cylinder head and / or cover gasket may cover multiple cylinders in the cylinder block 16. Figure 1As shown, each cylinder head 12 is connected to the outer surface 14 of the cylinder block 16 by a plurality of bolts or another suitable fastener. Each cover gasket 18 is disposed in the cylinder head 12 between the corresponding cylinder head and the cylinder block 16. In another embodiment, each cover gasket 18 is disposed in the cylinder head 12 between the corresponding cylinder head and the assembly of the cylinder block 16 and the cylinder bushing 15. It should be understood that the cylinder head joint arrangement may differ in various embodiments, and the cylinder head joint arrangement may include, but is not limited to, any combination of the following: cylinder head, cover gasket, cylinder bushing, and cylinder block. Bolts pass through the cylinder head 12 to apply a clamping load (e.g., a compressive load) to the cover gasket 18 to prevent the cover gasket 18 from moving and to facilitate a seal between the cover gasket 18, the cylinder head 12, and the cylinder block 16. In another embodiment, the bolts apply a clamping load (e.g., a compressive load) to the cover gasket 18 via the cylinder head 12 to prevent the cover gasket 18 from moving and to facilitate a seal between the cover gasket 18, the cylinder head 12, and the components of the cylinder block 16 and the cylinder bushing 15.

[0045] like Figures 3 to 4 As shown, the cover gasket 18 includes a plurality of openings, including (i) a cylinder opening 24 that allows air, an air / fuel mixture, and combustion gases to pass between the combustion cylinder and the cylinder head 12; (ii) a locating pin opening and / or guide opening 26 that accommodates locating pins and / or other locating members to facilitate alignment between the cylinder block 16, the cylinder head 12, and the cover gasket 18; (iii) a bolt opening 28 that provides clearance for fasteners used to secure the cylinder head 12 to the cylinder block 16; (iv) a coolant opening 30 that allows coolant to pass between the cylinder block 16 and the cylinder head 12; and (v) an oil opening 32 that allows oil to pass between the cylinder block 16 and the cylinder head 12. It should be understood that the size, number, and arrangement of the openings may differ in various embodiments. Figure 4 As shown, the cover gasket 18 also includes a gasket ring 34 and / or other sealing components (e.g., oil / coolant seals, O-rings, etc.) that engage with the cylinder head 12 and / or cylinder block 16 to prevent fluid leakage from the coolant opening 30 and the oil opening 32 (see also...). Figure 2 The cover gasket 18 can be a plate gasket formed from a single piece of material (e.g., steel), a multi-layer steel gasket, a non-metallic gasket, or another type of gasket.

[0046] Now for reference Figure 5The diagram illustrates a first example cylinder head joint arrangement 102 for an internal combustion engine system 100. The engine system 100 includes a cylindrical bushing, shown as a bushing 104 at least partially disposed within a cylinder 22 of a cylinder block 16. The bushing 104 guides an engine piston 108 to move axially within the cylinder 22. The bushing 104 includes a circumferential flange, shown as a flange 110 disposed at the upper axial end of the bushing 104 and extending radially away from the cylinder 22. Figure 5As shown, flange 110 engages with a generally "L"-shaped counterbore ledge 112 at the top of cylinder 22, which defines the axial position of bushing 104 within cylinder 22. In some embodiments, engine system 100 further includes shims 114 (e.g., cylindrical spacers, etc.) disposed on the upper surface of the ledge 112, which control the axial position of bushing 104 such that the upper surface of flange 110 is generally flush with the outer surface 14 of cylinder block 16, or that bushing 104 is positioned at another suitable axial location within cylinder 22. It should be understood that the design concepts and principles of this disclosure are not limited to a single engine system type or configuration. For example, in other embodiments, the design of the bushing and the arrangement of the bushing within the bore may differ from those described with reference to the various embodiments herein. For example, a combustion cylinder may be formed into the cylinder block without a cylinder bushing (e.g., a parent bore). In some embodiments, the bushing may be configured as a wet bushing, forming at least a portion of the inner wall of the coolant passage and sealing the coolant away from the cylinder bore, or the bushing may be configured as a dry bushing not exposed to the coolant flow. In another embodiment, the bushing may engage the cylinder block in a mid-stop arrangement, in which the flange engages the cylinder block at a midpoint between opposite ends of a bore in the cylinder block. In yet another embodiment, the bushing may engage the cylinder block in a deck stop arrangement, with the flange located on top of the cylinder block, or in a bottom stop arrangement and / or any other liner-block arrangement. In the case of a mid-stop or bottom-stop bushing arrangement, the engagement ring may be disposed on the cover gasket instead of the bushing, and / or the engagement ring may be machined onto either the upper surface of the cylinder block or the cylinder head. In various embodiments, the cylinder head engagement arrangement may also differ. For example, the cylinder head joint arrangement may include a sealing ring (e.g., a steel ring having armor for sealing combustion gases) that is separate from or integrally formed with the cover gasket. In other embodiments, a bushing flange may project upward from the cylinder block to increase the total load on the cover gasket at the bushing (e.g., a bushing protrusion retains and seals the cover gasket). In yet another embodiment, the cylinder head joint arrangement employs a combination of sealing methods and / or pressure sealing arrangements.

[0047] like Figure 5As shown, flange 110 defines a plurality of engagement rings 115 that extend axially toward the cover gasket 116 from the upper surface 109 of the main body portion of flange 110. The engagement rings 115 are positioned at a midpoint along the upper surface 109 of flange 110 between the outer radial edge of flange 110 and a portion of the fire-resistant barrier 122 of cylinder bushing 104. Engagement rings 115 separate a sealing interface for cover gasket 116 between an inner land area 118 located radially inward of the innermost engagement ring and an outer land area 120 located between the outermost engagement ring and the outer radial edge of flange 110. Figure 5 In the embodiments described, the engagement rings 115 are concentric with each other and with the combustion cylinder 22. Furthermore, each engagement ring 115 has a similar cross-sectional shape. However, it should be understood that in various embodiments, the spacing and / or cross-sectional geometry of at least one of the engagement rings 115 may differ. For example, in at least one embodiment, the height of at least one engagement ring 115 may differ from the remaining engagement rings 115 (e.g., the outermost engagement ring 115 may be higher than the innermost engagement ring 115, etc.). In various embodiments, the positions of the engagement rings 115 along the upper surface 109 of the flange 110 may also differ. Furthermore, it should be understood that in alternative embodiments, a greater number of engagement rings 115 may be used to further enhance the sealing performance of the cover gasket 116.

[0048] like Figure 5 As shown, the cover gasket 116 engages with the cylinder head 103 under compressive load along each of the inner engagement region 118, the engagement ring 115, and the outer engagement region 120. Compression between the cylinder head 103 and the cylinder block 16 causes the cover gasket 116 to yield at the location of each engagement ring 115, thereby creating a concentrated contact area between the bushing 104, the cover gasket 116, and the cylinder head 103. This concentrated contact area seals the passage between the cylinder head 103 and the cylinder block 16 and prevents hot combustion gases from leaking from the cylinder 22 during engine operation.

[0049] like Figure 5 As shown, bushing 104 also includes a fire barrier (shown as barrier 122) that extends axially toward cylinder head 103 away from the inner mating region 118. Fire barrier 122 restricts flow passage between bushing 104 and cylinder head 103 and helps reduce fluid pressure at cover gasket 116 and combustion gas leakage through cover gasket 116. For example, leakage can be mitigated due to the reduced clearance between the upper surface of barrier 122 and the combustion-facing surface of cylinder head 103.

[0050] During engine operation, the innermost engagement ring 115 and the inner engagement region 118 seal against the pressure of combustion gases from the combustion cylinder 22. If the compression of the cover gasket 116 between the cylinder head 103 and the cylinder liner 104 is insufficient to prevent combustion gas leakage, fluid from the cylinder 22 travels radially outward through the innermost engagement ring 115. Arrow 124 indicates the direction of combustion gas flow through the inner engagement region 118 and the innermost engagement ring 115. Under these conditions, as fluid passes through the confinement at the innermost engagement ring 115 and as the flow area increases along the radial flow path between the innermost and outermost engagement rings 115, the pressure of the combustion gases substantially decreases. Among other benefits, the reduction in fluid pressure increases the integrity of the seal formed at the outermost engagement ring 115 and reduces the likelihood of combustion gases leaking into the outer engagement region 120 of the cover gasket 116. Furthermore, because the engagement ring 115 is located on the cylinder liner 104, the cylinder head joint arrangement 102 can be easily installed into an existing engine system by removing and replacing the original cylinder liner.

[0051] Figure 6 Another example cylinder head joint arrangement 202 for an internal combustion engine system 200 is shown. (Refer to reference...) Figure 5 The engine system described is 100% the same. Figure 6 The cylinder liner 204 of the engine system 200 includes a plurality of engagement rings 215 to reduce combustion gas leakage through the cylinder head gasket 216. Furthermore, the cylinder head 203 defines an expansion recess 226 configured to further increase the volume within the radial space between adjacent engagement rings 215, thereby further reducing the pressure of any leaked combustion gases. Figure 6 As shown, the expansion groove 226 is provided in the lower surface of the cylinder head 203 (e.g., the combustion-facing surface, etc.) and extends circumferentially around the cylinder head, surrounding the innermost engagement ring 215. Figure 6 In one embodiment, the expansion groove 226 is formed by a semi-circular groove in the lower surface of the cylinder head 203 and is approximately centered in the radial direction between adjacent engagement rings 215.

[0052] In other embodiments, the shape, size, and location of the expansion groove 226 may vary. Note that the location of the expansion groove 226 within the engine system 200 may also differ in various embodiments. For example, the expansion groove 226 may be formed on the upper surface of the cover gasket 216 instead of in the cylinder head 203, or it may be formed in both the cylinder head 203 and the cover gasket 216. Among other benefits, the use of the expansion groove 226 in the flow passage between the cylinder head 203 and the cover gasket 216 provides a significantly larger volume for the distribution of leaked combustion gases before they reach the outermost engagement ring 215, which has the effect of reducing airflow resistance and significantly reducing the gas pressure at the outermost engagement ring 215.

[0053] By discharging combustion gases from the expansion groove and away from the outermost engagement ring, the pressure of leaking combustion gases at the outermost engagement ring can be further reduced. For example, Figure 7 A cylinder head joint arrangement 302 is shown, in which a cylinder head 303 defines an exhaust passage 328 (e.g., a groove, port, etc.) extending between (i) an expansion groove 326 in the lower surface of the cylinder head 303 and (ii) an exhaust port 330 of the fluidly connected combustion cylinder 22 in the cylinder head 303 and the environment surrounding the engine system (and fluidly connecting (i) the expansion groove 326 in the lower surface of the cylinder head 303 and (ii) the exhaust port 330 of the fluidly connected combustion cylinder 22 in the cylinder head 303 and the environment surrounding the engine system). In another embodiment, the exhaust passage 328 may be located within the cylinder head 303 to guide leaked combustion gases toward the outer edge of the cylinder head 303 and into the environment surrounding the cylinder head 303. Thus, combustion gases entering the expansion groove 326 are guided circumferentially toward the exhaust passage 328 and away from the outermost engagement ring 316.

[0054] refer to Figure 7 The described configuration of the emission pathways should not be considered limiting. Many alternatives and combinations are possible without departing from the inventive concept described herein. For example, Figure 8 Another example embodiment of the cylinder joint arrangement 402 is shown, which also includes an exhaust passage 428 in the cylinder head 403. Figure 8As shown, the exhaust passage 428 extends upward from the expansion groove 426 to redirect leaked combustion gases from the space between the engagement rings 415 into a second exhaust passage 430 passing through the cylinder head 403. In at least one embodiment, the second exhaust passage 430 is separate from the exhaust port. Arrow 432 indicates the direction in which leaked combustion gases flow through the exhaust passage 428 and into the exhaust port 430. A compression seal formed between the cover gasket 416 and the cylinder head 403 at the outermost engagement ring 415 contains depressurized combustion gases within the expansion groove 426, which guides leaked combustion gases from any point along the groove 426 into the exhaust passage 428.

[0055] Among other benefits, directing leaked combustion gases through grooves and / or channels can facilitate leak detection and monitoring of the severity of leaks through the cover gasket. For example, in at least one embodiment, the cylinder head assembly arrangement and / or engine system may include sensors configured to monitor combustion gas leaks through groove 426, first exhaust passage 428, and / or second exhaust passage 430. The sensors may include one or a combination of a pressure sensor configured to measure the pressure of the combustion gases, a flow sensor configured to measure the rate of gas leakage, and / or a temperature sensor configured to measure the temperature of the gases in the grooves and / or channels. The sensors may be communicatively coupled to an engine control unit and / or a separate combustion gas leak monitoring system (e.g., circuitry, controller, etc.) and may be configured to (i) detect combustion gas leaks and (ii) indicate the severity of the combustion gas leak (e.g., flow rate, pressure, temperature, etc.). The sensors may be configured to communicate the severity of the combustion gas leak to a controller, which may be configured to take remedial action in response to a signal from the sensor. For example, the controller can be configured to send control signals to a user interface (e.g., indicators, dashboard-mounted LEDs, etc.) to notify the operator of a leak based on the severity of the combustion gas leak and / or the detection of the leak. In another embodiment, the controller can be configured to take action to mitigate damage caused by leaking combustion gases. For example, the controller can be configured to reduce engine speed (e.g., limit maximum power, engine speed, etc.) and / or limit the distance the vehicle can travel in response to signals from sensors. Among other benefits, additional sensors can provide early indications of even minor leaks that are imperceptible to vehicle operators and / or technicians, and prevent damage that could eventually lead to engine failure. Sensors can also be used to identify potential non-compliance with local emissions regulations.

[0056] In various embodiments, the position of the discharge channel along the joint interface can be modified. For example, Figure 9A cylinder head joint arrangement 502 is shown, in which an exhaust passage 528 is located upstream of the cover gasket 516, adjacent to (e.g., above) the fire barrier 522 of the cylinder bushing 504. Figure 9 As shown, the cylinder head 503 defines a recessed groove 532 radially aligned with a fire barrier 522. The fire barrier 522 extends axially toward the cylinder head 503 and is at least partially received within the recessed groove 532, such that the cylinder head 503 extends axially into the cylinder bushing 504. The profile of the recessed groove 532 is configured to match the cross-sectional profile of the fire barrier 522. Figure 9 In one embodiment, the recessed groove 532 has a semi-circular cross-section. However, in various embodiments, the cross-sectional shape of the recessed groove 532 may be different.

[0057] like Figure 9 As shown, the height 534 of the fire-resistant barrier 522 portion of the cylinder bushing 504 is greater than the thickness 536 of the cylinder head gasket 516. This difference in axial height provides space for a second sealing member within the cylinder head 503. Figure 9 As shown, the lower surface of the cylinder head 503 (e.g., the combustion surface, etc.) extends axially into the bore of the cylinder bushing 504, such that at least a portion of the cylinder head 503 is surrounded by the cylinder bushing 504 (e.g., circumferentially surrounded by the cylinder bushing 504). Among other benefits, this configuration provides additional axial clearance for the cooling sleeve 538 disposed between the bushing 504 and the cylinder block 16, and ensures that when the piston is in the top dead center position within the combustion cylinder (e.g., ... Figure 9 As shown), the uppermost axial piston ring 540 is located within the first portion of the bushing 504 (e.g., the cooling portion of the bushing 504). It should be understood that the precise height 534 of the fire barrier 522 may vary in different embodiments.

[0058] The second sealing member is disposed between the combustion cylinder 22 and the cover gasket 516, and is configured to reduce the fluid pressure at the cover gasket 516 (e.g., at the location of the engagement ring 515). Figure 9As shown, the second sealing member is a cylindrical sealing ring 542 that projects radially (e.g., radially outward) toward the cylinder bushing 504 (e.g., fire barrier 522) away from the cylinder head 503. Specifically, the sealing ring 542 is disposed within a groove 544 along the inner wall 546 of a recessed groove 532. In at least one embodiment, the sealing ring 542 is a piston ring that engages the cylinder bushing 504 along the inner surface of the fire barrier 522. If the contact pressure between the sealing ring 542 and the bushing 504 is insufficient to prevent combustion gas leakage, the gas flows through the sealing ring 542 and axially into the channel formed between the fire barrier 522 and the recessed groove 532. Under these conditions, and partly due to the increased flow area downstream of the sealing ring 542, the pressure of the combustion gases is significantly reduced as they move through the sealing ring 542 and into the recessed groove 532. From the recessed groove 532, leaked combustion gases are guided to the exhaust port 530 through the exhaust passage 528, which further reduces the pressure in the passage between the fire barrier 522 and the recessed groove 532. Among other benefits, this reduction in the pressure of the leaked combustion gases increases the integrity of the seal formed at the engagement ring 515 between the cover gasket 516 and the cylinder head 503.

[0059] In various embodiments, the geometry of the recessed trenches and fire barriers can differ. For example, Figure 10 Another embodiment of the joint arrangement 602 of the internal combustion engine system 600 is shown, wherein the cross-sectional shape of the recessed groove 632 and the fire barrier 622 is substantially rectangular rather than circular. Similar to the reference. Figure 9 The described embodiments, Figure 10 The cylinder head 603 shown includes a sealing ring 636 disposed in a groove 644 extending along the inner radial surface 646 of the recessed channel 632.

[0060] Figure 11 yes Figure 10 A detailed view of a portion of the interface between the sealing ring 636 and the cylinder bushing 604. As shown, the sealing ring 636 engages the cylinder bushing 604 in a radially sealing arrangement to substantially prevent combustion gas leakage and fluid pressure at the cover gasket 616. In another embodiment, the cylinder head 603 may include a plurality of sealing rings 636 axially arranged along the inner radial surface 646 of the recessed groove 632, or at another location upstream of the cover gasket 616 (e.g., along the outer radial surface of the recessed groove 632 opposite the inner radial surface 646, etc.). Note that in various embodiments, the size and / or cross-sectional geometry of each sealing ring 636 may also differ.

[0061] Figure 12A cross-sectional view of the cylinder head joint arrangement 702 of an internal combustion engine system 700 according to another example embodiment is shown. The engine system 700 is similar to the reference... Figure 5 The engine system 100 is described, but includes a cover gasket 716 configured to discharge combustion gas leaks directly into the environment surrounding the cylinder head 703 and away from any temperature and / or pressure sensitive components. Figure 13 Showing from Figure 12 A partial perspective view of the cover gasket 716 of the engine system 700. The cover gasket 716 defines a plurality of flow guiding grooves (shown as grooves 748) configured to guide the flow of leaking exhaust gases away from any sensitive components, such as sealing rings 34 for preventing coolant and / or oil leakage through the cover gasket 716. Figure 13 As shown, a groove 748 is provided on the upper surface of the cover gasket 716 facing the cylinder head 12 (e.g., defined in this upper surface). The cover gasket 716 defines a first groove 750 (e.g., circumferential groove, trench, etc.) extending circumferentially around the cylinder opening 752 and a second groove 754 (e.g., radial groove, lateral groove, trench, etc.) extending radially away from the first groove 750 to the outer edge 756 of the cylinder head gasket 716. Figure 13 In one embodiment, the cylinder head gasket 716 defines a plurality of second grooves 754 located between and spaced apart from the openings and / or sealing rings 34 of the gasket 716, in order to reduce the risk of damage caused by leaked combustion gases.

[0062] like Figure 12 and Figure 13As shown, the first groove 750 is arranged radially outward from the outer engagement area 720 of the cover gasket 716. In the event of insufficient compression between the cylinder head 12 and the cover gasket 716 to prevent combustion gas leakage, combustion gases will be guided radially outward from the combustion cylinder 22. Arrow 762 indicates the direction in which the leaked combustion gases flow through the cover gasket 716, past the engagement ring 715, and into the first groove 750. As fluid enters the first groove 750, the increased flow area results in a decrease in fluid pressure, which helps to retain the leaked combustion gases within the first groove 750. The first groove 750 redirects the flow to the nearest second groove in the second groove 754, which safely ducts the leaked combustion gases past the sensitive components and into the atmosphere at the outer edge of the cover gasket 716. Among other benefits, this design can be easily installed as a retrofit component on existing engine system designs without requiring machining or modification of the cylinder head 12 or cylinder block 16. In the event of a failure of the compression seal at the engagement ring 715, the high-temperature combustion gases are safely guided into the atmosphere, and the engine system can continue to operate while reducing the risk of permanent damage to critical engine components. Furthermore, as described in more detail above, the engine system may also include at least one sensor located at one of the first recess 750 and / or the second recess 754 to facilitate the detection and mitigation of combustion gas leaks.

[0063] It should be understood that the shape, number, and arrangement of the grooves can differ in various embodiments. For example, Figures 14 to 15 An example embodiment is shown, wherein instead of a cover gasket or other than a cover gasket, a first recess 850 and a plurality of second recesses 854 are provided on the lower surface of the cylinder head 803 (e.g., the gasket-facing surface, the combustion-facing surface, etc.). Among other benefits, Figures 14 to 15 The groove geometry shown can be machined onto the lower surface of an existing cylinder head, or supplied as part of a parts market cylinder head that can be retrofitted onto an existing cylinder block 16 without modifying the design of the cylinder block 16 or the cover gasket.

[0064] Figure 16 A cross-sectional view of the cylinder head joint arrangement 902 of an internal combustion engine system 900 according to another example embodiment is shown. The engine system 900 is similar to the reference... Figure 6The described engine system 200 includes an improved cover gasket 916 and bushing 904, which are configured to direct combustion gas leaks away from the cylinder head 903 and into the crankcase region of the engine system 900. The cylinder head 903 includes a recess 926 located at an intermediate position between the inner and outer engagement rings of the bushing 904. As described above, the volume of the recess 926 traps any leaked combustion gases, which has the effect of reducing airflow drag and significantly reducing gas pressure at the outer engagement ring. Figure 16 As shown, the cover gasket 916 includes at least one channel 917 (e.g., a through-hole opening, etc.) that connects a recess 926 in the cylinder head 903 to at least one groove 919 in the bushing 904. The channel 917 aligns with the recess 926 and guides any leaked combustion gases from the recess 926 to the upper side of the bushing flange 910 between the engaging rings on the bushing flange 910. The groove 919 guides any leaked combustion gases from the channel 917 through the bushing 904 back into the cylinder bore. Specifically, the groove 919 guides leaked combustion gases into the low-pressure area of ​​the cylinder bore (low pressure relative to the combustion side of the piston) in the space below the piston. For example, the outlet of the groove 919 may be located below the highest piston ring, below the piston ring pack, below the piston skirt, and / or at another decompression location relative to the combustion side of the piston. Leaking combustion gases re-entering the cylinder bore from groove 919 follow the same flow path as blow-by combustion gases leaking through the piston (e.g., through piston ring assembly gas leaks). For example, leaked combustion gases may be directed to the engine's crankcase region and discharged into the atmosphere via the crankcase breather. In other embodiments, leaked combustion gases may be filtered and recirculated back into the engine combustion process via a closed crankcase ventilation system.

[0065] It should be noted that the term "example" used herein to describe various embodiments is intended to indicate that such embodiments are possible examples, representations and / or illustrations of possible embodiments (and such terms are not intended to mean that such embodiments must be particular or excellent examples).

[0066] As used herein, the term "substantially" and similar terms are intended to have a broad meaning consistent with common and accepted use by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the subject matter of this disclosure pertains. Those skilled in the art who consult this disclosure will understand that these terms are intended to allow for the description of certain features described and claimed, without limiting the scope of these features to the precise numerical ranges provided. Therefore, these terms should be interpreted as indicating that non-substantial or irrelevant modifications or alterations to the described and claimed subject matter (e.g., within plus or minus five percent of a given value) are considered to be within the scope of the invention as recited in the appended claims.

[0067] The terms “joint,” “connection,” and similar terms as used herein mean that two components are joined together, directly or indirectly. Such a joint can be fixed (e.g., permanent) or movable (e.g., removable or releasable). Such a joint can be achieved by forming two components, or two components and any additional intermediate components, together as a single integral body, or by attaching two components, or two components and any additional intermediate components, to each other.

[0068] It is important to note that the structures and arrangements of the various exemplary embodiments are merely illustrative. While only a few embodiments are described in detail in this disclosure, those skilled in the art upon reviewing this disclosure will readily recognize that many modifications (e.g., variations in the size, dimensions, structure, shape and proportion of various elements, values ​​of parameters, installation arrangements, use of materials, orientation, etc.) are possible without substantially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the subject matter described herein. Other substitutions, modifications, changes, and omissions may also be made in the design, operating conditions, and arrangements of the various exemplary embodiments without departing from the scope of the embodiments described herein.

[0069] While this specification contains numerous specific implementation details, these should not be construed as limiting any embodiment or the scope of the claims, but rather as descriptions of features characteristic of particular implementations of specific embodiments. Certain features described in the context of individual implementations may also be implemented in combination in a single implementation. Conversely, various features described in the context of a single implementation may also be implemented individually or in any suitable sub-combination in multiple implementations. Furthermore, although features may be described above as functioning in certain combinations, or even initially claimed as such, in some cases one or more features from a claimed combination may be removed from that combination, and the claimed combination may refer to a sub-combination or a variation of a sub-combination.

[0070] This invention also relates to the following aspects:

[0071] 1. An internal combustion engine system, comprising:

[0072] Cylinder block, which defines the combustion cylinder;

[0073] Multiple engagement rings surround the combustion cylinder;

[0074] Cylinder head, which is connected to the cylinder block and covers the combustion cylinder; and

[0075] A cover gasket is disposed between the cylinder head and the cylinder block, and the cover gasket is configured to engage with the plurality of engagement rings.

[0076] 2. The internal combustion engine system according to aspect 1 further includes a bushing, the bushing being at least partially disposed within the combustion cylinder and including a flange extending radially away from the combustion cylinder, wherein the plurality of engagement rings are disposed on the flange and extend axially away from the upper surface of the flange.

[0077] 3. The internal combustion engine system according to aspect 1 or 2, wherein the plurality of engagement rings are arranged concentrically with each other and concentrically with the combustion cylinder.

[0078] 4. The internal combustion engine system according to aspect 1 further includes a bushing at least partially disposed within the combustion cylinder and a groove disposed in the bushing, the groove extending between an upper side and a lower side of the bushing.

[0079] 5. The internal combustion engine system according to aspect 4, wherein the groove is configured to guide leaked combustion gases from the upper side of the bushing to the low-pressure region of the combustion cylinder.

[0080] 6. The internal combustion engine system according to any one of aspects 1 to 5, wherein the cylinder head further includes an expansion groove disposed between adjacent engagement rings of the plurality of engagement rings, the expansion groove extending circumferentially around the cylinder head.

[0081] 7. The internal combustion engine system according to aspect 6, wherein the cylinder head comprises:

[0082] First emission channel; and

[0083] A second discharge channel extends between the first discharge channel and the expansion groove.

[0084] 8. The internal combustion engine system according to aspect 6, wherein the cylinder head further comprises:

[0085] The exhaust port, which is fluidly connected to the combustion cylinder; and

[0086] An exhaust channel that fluidly connects the expansion groove to the exhaust port.

[0087] 9. An internal combustion engine system according to any one of aspects 1 to 6, wherein the cylinder head includes an exhaust passage configured to direct leaked combustion gases into the environment surrounding the cylinder head.

[0088] 10. The internal combustion engine system according to aspect 1 further includes a bushing at least partially disposed within the combustion cylinder, wherein the cylinder head extends axially into the bushing, and wherein the cylinder head includes a sealing ring disposed on the cylinder head, the sealing ring being configured to engage an inner surface of the bushing.

[0089] 11. An internal combustion engine system, comprising:

[0090] Cylinder block, which defines the combustion cylinder;

[0091] A bushing, which is at least partially disposed within the combustion cylinder; and

[0092] A cylinder head, which is connected to the cylinder block and covers the combustion cylinder, the cylinder head extending axially into the bushing, the cylinder head including a sealing ring disposed on the cylinder head, the sealing ring being configured to engage with the inner surface of the bushing.

[0093] 12. The internal combustion engine system according to aspect 11, wherein the bushing includes a stop extending axially outward from the combustion cylinder, wherein the cylinder head defines a recessed groove radially aligned with the stop, and wherein the sealing ring is disposed within the recessed groove and configured to engage with the stop.

[0094] 13. The internal combustion engine system according to aspect 12, wherein the sealing ring projects radially toward the bushing away from the cylinder head.

[0095] 14. The internal combustion engine system according to aspect 12 or 13, wherein the cylinder head includes an exhaust passage positioned adjacent to the barrier.

[0096] 15. The internal combustion engine system according to aspect 11 further includes a cover gasket disposed between the cylinder head and the cylinder block, wherein the bushing further includes a stop extending axially outward from the combustion cylinder, wherein the height of the stop is greater than the thickness of the cover gasket.

[0097] 16. The internal combustion engine system according to any one of aspects 11 to 15 further includes a piston, wherein when the piston is located at top dead center within the combustion cylinder, the uppermost axial piston ring of the piston is located within a cooling portion of the bushing.

[0098] 17. An internal combustion engine system, comprising:

[0099] Cylinder block, which defines the combustion cylinder;

[0100] Engagement ring, which surrounds the combustion cylinder;

[0101] Cylinder head, which is connected to the cylinder block and covers the combustion cylinder; and

[0102] A cover gasket disposed between the cylinder head and the cylinder block, the cover gasket being configured to engage with the engagement ring, at least one of the cylinder head or the cover gasket comprising:

[0103] A first groove surrounds the engagement ring; and

[0104] The second groove extends radially away from the first groove to the outer edge of the cover gasket.

[0105] 18. The internal combustion engine system according to aspect 17 further includes a bushing, the bushing being at least partially disposed within the combustion cylinder and including a flange extending radially away from the combustion cylinder, wherein the engagement ring is disposed on the flange.

[0106] 19. The internal combustion engine system according to aspect 17 or 18, wherein the second groove is one of a plurality of second grooves extending radially away from the first groove to the outer edge of the cover gasket.

[0107] 20. The internal combustion engine system according to any one of aspects 17 to 19, wherein the first groove and the second groove are disposed on the upper surface of the cover gasket facing the cylinder head.

Claims

1. An internal combustion engine system, comprising: Cylinder block, which defines the combustion cylinder; Multiple engagement rings surround the combustion cylinder; A cylinder head, which is connected to the cylinder block and covers the combustion cylinder, the cylinder head including an expansion groove disposed between adjacent engagement rings in the plurality of engagement rings; and A cover gasket is disposed between the cylinder head and the cylinder block, and the cover gasket is configured to engage with the plurality of engagement rings.

2. The internal combustion engine system of claim 1, further comprising a bushing at least partially disposed within the combustion cylinder and including a flange extending radially away from the combustion cylinder, wherein the plurality of engagement rings are disposed on the flange and extend axially away from the flange.

3. The internal combustion engine system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the plurality of engagement rings are arranged concentrically with each other and concentrically with the combustion cylinder.

4. The internal combustion engine system according to claim 1, further comprising at least partially disposed within the combustion cylinder and a groove disposed in the bushing, the groove extending through the bushing to the cylinder bore.

5. The internal combustion engine system according to claim 4, wherein, The groove is configured to guide leaked combustion gases from the upper side of the bushing to the low-pressure region of the combustion cylinder.

6. The internal combustion engine system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, The expansion groove extends circumferentially around the cylinder head.

7. The internal combustion engine system according to claim 6, wherein, The cylinder head includes: First emission channel; and A second discharge channel extends between the first discharge channel and the expansion groove.

8. The internal combustion engine system according to claim 6, wherein, The cylinder head also includes: The exhaust port, which is fluidly connected to the combustion cylinder; and An exhaust channel that fluidly connects the expansion groove to the exhaust port.

9. The internal combustion engine system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein, The cylinder head includes an exhaust passage configured to direct leaked combustion gases into the environment surrounding the cylinder head.

10. The internal combustion engine system of claim 1, further comprising a bushing at least partially disposed within the combustion cylinder, wherein the cylinder head extends axially into the bushing, and wherein the cylinder head includes a sealing ring disposed on the cylinder head, the sealing ring being configured to engage an inner surface of the bushing.

11. The internal combustion engine system according to claim 1, wherein, The cylinder head extends axially into the combustion cylinder, and the cylinder head includes a sealing ring configured to engage with the inner surface of the combustion cylinder.

12. The internal combustion engine system of claim 11, further comprising a bushing at least partially disposed within the combustion cylinder and including a stop extending axially outward from the combustion cylinder, wherein the cylinder head defines a recessed groove radially aligned with the stop, and wherein the sealing ring is disposed within the recessed groove and configured to engage with the stop.

13. The internal combustion engine system according to claim 12, wherein, The sealing ring protrudes radially toward the bushing away from the cylinder head.

14. The internal combustion engine system according to claim 12 or 13, wherein, The cylinder head includes an exhaust passage located adjacent to the obstruction.

15. The internal combustion engine system of claim 12, further comprising a cover gasket disposed between the cylinder head and the cylinder block, wherein the height of the obstruction is greater than the thickness of the cover gasket.

16. The internal combustion engine system according to any one of claims 12 to 15, further comprising a piston, wherein when the piston is located at top dead center within the combustion cylinder, the uppermost axial piston ring of the piston is located within a cooling portion of the bushing.

17. The internal combustion engine system according to claim 1, wherein, At least one of the cylinder head or the cover gasket includes: A first groove surrounds at least one of the engagement rings; and The second groove extends radially away from the first groove to the outer edge of the cover gasket.

18. The internal combustion engine system of claim 1, further comprising a bushing at least partially disposed within the combustion cylinder and including a flange extending radially away from the combustion cylinder, wherein the engagement ring is disposed on the flange.

19. The internal combustion engine system according to claim 17, wherein, The second groove is one of a plurality of second grooves that extend radially away from the first groove to the outer edge of the cover gasket.

20. The internal combustion engine system according to any one of claims 17 and 19, wherein, The first groove and the second groove are disposed on the upper surface of the cover gasket facing the cylinder head.

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