Underground continuous wall trenching machine and construction method thereof

Abstract

The application provides a diaphragm wall trenching machine and a construction method thereof. The diaphragm wall trenching machine comprises a main rope, a secondary rope, a bucket body and a grab bucket. The main rope and the secondary rope are connected to the bucket body, and the grab bucket is connected to the bucket body. The main rope is used to apply a first direction pulling force to the bucket body, and the secondary rope is used to apply a second direction pulling force to the bucket body. The first direction intersects the second direction. The bucket body comprises a first state of being pulled only by the main rope and a second state of being pulled by the main rope and the secondary rope together. In the diaphragm wall trenching machine and the construction method thereof, different directions of pulling force provided by the main rope and the secondary rope can make the bucket body be in a vertical first state or an inclined second state, so that different postures of excavation are realized to adapt to various excavation conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of basic construction technology, and in particular to a trenching machine for underground continuous walls and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, hydraulic grab buckets for coal mining or hydraulic diaphragm wall trenching machines are commonly used to extract materials. For example... Figure 1 As shown, a hydraulic coal grabber includes a working arm, which comprises a first arm section 91 and a second arm section 93 hinged together. A grab bucket 95 is hinged to one end of the second arm section 93. Material is grabbed by rotating the working arm and opening and closing the grab bucket 95. Figure 2 As shown, a diaphragm wall trenching machine includes a machine body 97, a mast 98 installed on the machine body 97, and a grab bucket 99 that is driven to rise and fall by a winch, which grabs materials by rising, falling and opening / closing the grab bucket 99.

[0003] However, Figure 1 The hydraulic coal grabber shown is limited by its own hinged structure and cannot grab materials at a certain depth. Figure 2 The grab bucket 99 of the hydraulic diaphragm wall trenching machine shown can only go straight up and down due to the limitation of the lifting point, and cannot be mined when encountering sloping strata. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a diaphragm wall trenching machine and its construction method capable of deep and inclined excavation.

[0005] This invention provides a diaphragm wall trenching machine, comprising a main rope, a secondary rope, a bucket body, and a grab bucket. The main rope and the secondary rope are both connected to the bucket body, and the grab bucket is connected to the bucket body. The main rope is used to apply a lifting force in a first direction to the bucket body, and the secondary rope is used to apply a lifting force in a second direction to the bucket body. The first direction and the second direction intersect. The bucket body includes a first state in which it is lifted only by the main rope and a second state in which it is lifted jointly by the main rope and the secondary rope.

[0006] In one embodiment, the underground continuous wall trenching machine further includes a machine body, one end of the main rope and the auxiliary rope are respectively disposed on the machine body, the other end of the main rope is connected to a first position of the bucket body, and the other end of the auxiliary rope is detachably connected to a second position of the bucket body.

[0007] In one embodiment, the other end of the main rope is connected to the top of the bucket body, and the other end of the auxiliary rope is connected to the middle of the side wall of the bucket body.

[0008] In one embodiment, there are two auxiliary ropes, and the other ends of the two auxiliary ropes are symmetrically connected to both sides of the middle of the side wall of the bucket body.

[0009] In one embodiment, the fuselage includes a chassis, a superstructure, and a mast mounted on the superstructure, the mast being rotatable relative to the superstructure to adjust the mast's pitch angle.

[0010] In one embodiment, the machine body further includes a main winch and an auxiliary winch. One end of the main rope is wound around the main winch, which is rotatable to raise or lower the main rope. One end of the auxiliary rope is wound around the auxiliary winch, which is rotatable to raise or lower the auxiliary rope. A first pulley is provided at the end of the mast away from the upper vehicle. The main rope extends from the main winch to the first pulley, passes around the first pulley, and connects to the bucket body. The machine body also includes a secondary boom connected to the end of the mast away from the upper vehicle. A second pulley is provided at the end of the secondary boom away from the mast. The auxiliary rope extends from the auxiliary winch to the second pulley, passes around the second pulley, and connects to the bucket body.

[0011] In one embodiment, the bucket body is rotatably arranged about the first direction; or, The bucket body is also equipped with a drive cylinder. The grab bucket includes two half buckets, which can rotate relative to each other. One end of the drive cylinder is hinged to two connecting rods, which are also respectively hinged to the two half buckets of the grab bucket. The half buckets of the grab bucket have side teeth on their opposite edges, and the inner walls of the half buckets have internal teeth.

[0012] This invention also provides a construction method for a diaphragm wall trenching machine. The diaphragm wall trenching machine includes a bucket body and a grab bucket connected to the bucket body. The construction method includes: The bucket and grab of the diaphragm wall trenching machine are controlled to extract materials while tilted at a certain angle relative to the vertical direction.

[0013] In one embodiment, the diaphragm wall trenching machine further includes a machine body, which includes a chassis, a top carriage, and a mast mounted on the top carriage. The mast can rotate relative to the top carriage to adjust its pitch angle. The construction method of the diaphragm wall trenching machine also includes a step before the material is mined while the bucket and grab bucket of the diaphragm wall trenching machine are tilted at a certain angle relative to the vertical direction. The material extraction site is prepared, and the underground continuous wall trenching machine is installed. The bucket and grab bucket of the underground continuous wall trenching machine are controlled to extract materials in a vertical state; Move the diaphragm wall trenching machine away from the trenching direction and control the mast to adjust the pitch angle so that the angle between the mast and the horizontal direction is reduced. Then control the bucket and the grab bucket of the diaphragm wall trenching machine to continue mining materials in the vertical direction.

[0014] In one embodiment, in the step of controlling the bucket and grab bucket of the diaphragm wall trenching machine to mine materials while tilted at a certain angle relative to the vertical direction, the bucket and grab bucket of the diaphragm wall trenching machine are controlled to be tilted at a certain angle relative to the vertical direction. Then, the grab bucket is repeatedly closed and opened multiple times. After the bucket and grab bucket are tilted and raised to a certain height, the bucket and grab bucket of the diaphragm wall trenching machine are controlled to continue to be raised to the target position in a vertical direction before the material is unloaded.

[0015] In the underground continuous wall trenching machine and its construction method in this embodiment, the bucket can be in a vertical first state or an inclined second state by providing lifting force in different directions through the main rope and auxiliary rope, thereby realizing excavation in different postures to adapt to various excavation conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a hydraulic coal grabber's grab bucket operating arm.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram of a diaphragm wall trenching machine.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a diaphragm wall trenching machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A magnified view of section IV in the middle.

[0021] Figure 5 for Figure 3 Front view of the bucket body and grab bucket.

[0022] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the construction method of a trenching machine for underground continuous wall according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 7 for Figure 6A schematic diagram of the diaphragm wall trenching machine during step S13.

[0024] Figure 8 for Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the status of the diaphragm wall trenching machine during step S15.

[0025] Figure 9 for Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the status of the diaphragm wall trenching machine during step S17. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the description of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms according to the specific circumstances.

[0028] The terms “upper,” “lower,” “left,” “right,” “front,” “back,” “top,” “bottom,” “inner,” and “outer,” etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of the invention is in use. They are only for the convenience of description and simplification, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention.

[0029] The terms “first,” “second,” “third,” etc., are used merely to distinguish elements with similar properties, not to indicate or imply relative importance or a specific order.

[0030] The terms “include,” “comprising,” or any other variation thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, which includes not only the elements listed but also other elements not expressly listed.

[0031] like Figure 3As shown, an embodiment of the underground continuous wall trenching machine of the present invention includes a machine body 11, a main rope 13, an auxiliary rope 15, a bucket body 17, and a grab bucket 19. One end of the main rope 13 and the auxiliary rope 15 are respectively disposed on the machine body 11, the other end of the main rope 13 is connected to a first position of the bucket body 17, and the other end of the auxiliary rope 15 can be connected to a second position of the bucket body 17. The main rope 13 is used to apply a lifting force in a first direction to the bucket body 17, and the auxiliary rope 15 is used to apply a lifting force in a second direction to the bucket body 17, the first direction and the second direction intersecting. In this way, the bucket body 17 can include a first state in which it is lifted only by the main rope 13 and a second state in which it is lifted jointly by the main rope 13 and the auxiliary rope 15. The grab bucket 19 is connected to the bucket body 17. When the diaphragm wall trenching machine is working, the first direction is vertical, and the second direction is inclined at a certain angle relative to the first direction. Due to the main rope 13 and auxiliary rope 15, in the first state, the bucket body 17 extends vertically, and the grab bucket 19 moves straight up and down to vertically grab materials; in the second state, the bucket body 17 extends inclined, and the grab bucket 19 can move tilted to grab materials in the inclined direction. In the second state, the inclination angle of the bucket body 17 relative to the vertical direction is preferably within the range of greater than 0° and less than or equal to 15°.

[0032] In the diaphragm wall trenching machine of this embodiment, the bucket can be in a vertical first state or an inclined second state by providing lifting force in different directions through the main rope and auxiliary rope, thereby realizing excavation in different postures to adapt to various excavation conditions.

[0033] In this embodiment, the machine body 11 includes a chassis 112, a top carriage 114, and a mast 116 mounted on the top carriage 114. The top carriage 114 is mounted on the chassis 112. The mast 116 can rotate relative to the top carriage 114 to adjust its pitch angle. Specifically, the safe angle range of the mast 116 relative to the horizontal plane can be 75~80°. Of course, the range of angles that the mast 116 can rotate is not limited to 75~80°; it can be completely laid flat to facilitate disassembly and relocation of the diaphragm wall trenching machine.

[0034] In this embodiment, the machine body 11 also includes a main winch 118 and an auxiliary winch 119. One end of the main rope 13 is wound around the main winch 118. The main winch 118 can lift or lower the main rope 13 by rotating. One end of the auxiliary rope 15 is wound around the auxiliary winch 119. The auxiliary winch 119 can lift or lower the auxiliary rope 15 by rotating.

[0035] Specifically, the mast 116 is provided with a first pulley 121 at the end away from the upper vehicle 114, and the main rope 13 extends from the main winch 118 to the first pulley 121 and passes around the first pulley 121 before connecting to the bucket body 17.

[0036] Specifically, the other end of the main rope 13 is connected to the top of the bucket body 17, that is, the first position is the top of the bucket body 17.

[0037] In this embodiment, the fuselage 11 also includes a secondary arm 123 connected to the end of the mast 116 away from the upper vehicle 114. The end of the secondary arm 123 away from the mast 116 is provided with a second pulley 125. The secondary rope 15 extends from the secondary winch 119 to the second pulley 125 and passes around the second pulley 125 before being connected to the bucket body 17.

[0038] Specifically, there are two auxiliary ropes 15, and the other ends of the two auxiliary ropes 15 are symmetrically connected to the two sides of the middle of the side wall of the bucket body 17, so that the bucket body 17 can be lifted more evenly.

[0039] Specifically, the other end of the auxiliary rope 15 is provided with a hook 152, and the middle of the side wall of the bucket body 17 is provided with a lifting ring 172. The hook 152 can be hung on the lifting ring 172 or separated from the lifting ring 172.

[0040] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 4 and Figure 5 The bucket body 17 is rotatable about a first direction. The first direction is the length direction of the bucket body 17, that is, the vertical direction when the bucket body 17 is lifted by the main rope 13. By rotating the bucket body 17 about the first direction, the grab bucket 19 can grab materials in different directions, which is convenient for use. Specifically, a rotating device 174 is provided at the top of the bucket body 17, and the bucket body 17 rotates through the rotating device 174. Specifically, the rotation angle of the bucket body 17 can be ±90°, that is, the bucket body 17 can rotate 90° in both the forward and reverse directions. It can be understood that the rotation angle range of the bucket body 17 can also be other values. More specifically, the rotating device 174 may include a first part and a second part that can rotate relative to each other, the first part is connected to the other end of the main rope 13, and the second part is connected to the bucket body 17.

[0041] Specifically, the bucket body 17 is also equipped with a drive cylinder 176, and the grab bucket 19 includes two half-buckets, which can rotate relative to each other to open or close the grab bucket 19. One end of the drive cylinder 176 is hinged to two connecting rods 178, which are also respectively hinged to the two half-buckets of the grab bucket 19. When the drive cylinder 176 retracts, the two connecting rods 178 move closer to each other, closing the two half-buckets and leaving the material inside the grab bucket; when the drive cylinder 176 extends, the two connecting rods 178 move further apart, opening the two half-buckets and grabbing the material. The two half-buckets can form a large-capacity circular grab bucket, which can hold more material at once, increasing the output value of a single grab.

[0042] In this embodiment, the edges of the two halves of the grab bucket 19 that are far apart from each other are provided with side teeth 192, and the inner walls of the halves are provided with inner teeth 194. Specifically, a tooth seat (not shown) can be bolted to the inner wall of the halves, and the inner teeth 194 can be fixedly connected to the tooth seat by bolts or other structures. By providing the inner teeth 194, the material can be effectively crushed, and the material in the middle area of ​​the grab bucket 19 can be held, which can improve the grabbing efficiency of the grab bucket in a single closure; at the same time, the inner teeth 194 and the side teeth 192 can together bring the crushed material into the grab bucket 19 as the grab bucket 19 closes.

[0043] It is understandable that, besides using the main rope 13 and auxiliary rope 15 mounted on the mast 116 to switch between the first and second states of the bucket body, other methods can also be used. For example, the diaphragm wall trenching machine also includes an auxiliary mast rotatably connected to the upper vehicle 114, with a third pulley at one end of the auxiliary mast, through which one end of the auxiliary rope 15 is passed and connected to the bucket body 17; or, the diaphragm wall trenching machine may also include an auxiliary lifting machine independent of the machine body 11, with one end of the auxiliary rope 15 connected to the auxiliary lifting machine and the other end connected to the bucket body 17. That is to say, the lifting of the auxiliary rope 15 can be controlled in any other way, and the auxiliary rope 15 does not necessarily have to be connected to the machine body 11.

[0044] This invention also provides a construction method for a diaphragm wall trenching machine, in which the aforementioned diaphragm wall trenching machine can be used for construction. Please refer to... Figure 6 One embodiment of the underground continuous wall trenching machine construction method includes the following steps: S11, organize the material mining area and install the underground continuous wall trenching machine.

[0045] Specifically, step S11 involves: determining the material layer's inclination, location, width, top plate, and bottom plate, loosening the material layer, leveling the site, excavating a guide trench for the material layer, laying a support plate in the direction of the bottom plate of the material layer, and placing the underground continuous wall trenching machine at the support plate.

[0046] S13, please refer to Figure 7 The material is extracted using the first state of the diaphragm wall trenching machine. That is, in step S13, the bucket 17 and grab bucket 19 of the diaphragm wall trenching machine vertically downwards to grab the material.

[0047] S15, please refer to Figure 8The diaphragm wall trenching machine is moved away from the excavation direction, and the mast 116 is adjusted to reduce its pitch angle relative to the horizontal. Even if the mast 116 is tilted forward at a certain angle, the angle between the mast 116 and the horizontal should generally be controlled within the range of 75-80°. Then, the diaphragm wall trenching machine continues to mine materials in the first state. Specifically, when a certain depth is reached, the edge teeth begin to touch the bottom rock or ore of the material layer and begin to collapse to the bottom of the material layer. At this point, the machine needs to be moved away from the trench.

[0048] S17, please refer to Figure 9 The second state of the diaphragm wall trenching machine is used for material extraction. That is, in step S17, the bucket 17 and grab bucket 19 of the diaphragm wall trenching machine are tilted at a certain angle relative to the vertical direction to grab the material. Specifically, the middle of the bucket 17 is pulled up by the auxiliary rope 15 to provide a lateral pulling force to the bucket 17, causing the bucket 17 and grab bucket 19 to tilt. When the angle limit of the mast 116's forward tilt is reached, the maximum depth is reached. Due to the inclination angle of the material layer, the edge teeth cannot continue digging. At this point, the auxiliary rope 15 needs to be pulled at an angle to tilt the bucket 17 to continue digging. Generally, when the edge teeth touch the bottom of the material layer (that is, when they contact a harder rock layer), the diaphragm wall trenching machine needs to be put into the second state for material extraction. Typically, the angle between the axis of the bucket 17 and the vertical direction is controlled to vary within the range of 0~15°.

[0049] Specifically, in step S17 above, during the material extraction process of the diaphragm wall trenching machine in its second state, the drive cylinder 176 is activated to close the grab bucket 19. At this time, the inner teeth 194 preferentially contact the material layer and use shear force to clamp and hold the material in the middle area of ​​the grab bucket 19. The side teeth 192 close along with the inner teeth 194, and the crushed material enters the grab bucket 19 as it closes. The grab bucket 19 is opened and closed repeatedly to crush the material. After the grab bucket 19 is full of material, it is first lifted obliquely to a certain height with the help of the auxiliary rope 15 and the main rope 13. After being lifted to a certain height, the auxiliary rope 15 is released and the grab bucket 19 is lifted vertically to the target position on the ground to unload the material. This cycle is repeated. The number of times the grab bucket 19 is opened and closed can be set according to actual needs.

[0050] It is understandable that, based on the characteristics of the material layer, one can directly proceed to step S17 to mine the material.

[0051] In steps S13 and S15 above, during the material mining process, the grab bucket 19 can be opened and closed repeatedly to crush the material.

[0052] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A trenching machine for diaphragm walls, characterized in that, The device includes a main rope (13), a secondary rope (15), a bucket body (17), and a grab bucket (19). The main rope (13) is connected to the top of the bucket body (17), the secondary rope (15) is connected to the side wall of the bucket body (17), and the grab bucket (19) is connected to the bucket body (17). The main rope (13) is used to apply a lifting force to the bucket body (17) in a first direction, and the secondary rope (15) is used to apply a lifting force to the bucket body (17) in a second direction. The first direction is the length direction of the bucket body (17), and the second direction is inclined at a certain angle relative to the first direction. In terms of angle, the bucket (17) includes a first state in which it is lifted only by the main rope (13) and a second state in which it is lifted by both the main rope (13) and the auxiliary rope (15). In the first state, the bucket (17) can drive the grab bucket (19) to move straight up and down. In the second state, the bucket (17) extends at an angle under the lifting force of the main rope (13) and the auxiliary rope (15) and can drive the grab bucket (19) to move at an angle. The bucket (17) can be rotatably arranged around the first direction in both the first state and the second state.

2. The diaphragm wall trenching machine as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The underground continuous wall trenching machine also includes a machine body (11), one end of the main rope (13) and the auxiliary rope (15) are respectively located on the machine body (11), the other end of the main rope (13) is connected to the top of the bucket body (17), and the other end of the auxiliary rope (15) is detachably connected to the side wall of the bucket body (17).

3. The diaphragm wall trenching machine as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The other end of the auxiliary rope (15) is connected to the middle of the side wall of the bucket body (17).

4. The diaphragm wall trenching machine as described in claim 3, characterized in that, There are two auxiliary ropes (15), and the other ends of the two auxiliary ropes (15) are symmetrically connected to the two sides of the middle part of the side wall of the bucket body (17).

5. The diaphragm wall trenching machine as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The fuselage (11) includes a chassis (112), a supercar (114) and a mast (116) mounted on the supercar (114). The mast (116) can rotate relative to the supercar (114) to adjust the pitch angle of the mast (116).

6. The diaphragm wall trenching machine as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The fuselage (11) also includes a main winch (118) and an auxiliary winch (119). One end of the main rope (13) is wound around the main winch (118), and the main winch (118) is rotatable to raise or lower the main rope (13). One end of the auxiliary rope (15) is wound around the auxiliary winch (119), and the auxiliary winch (119) is rotatable to raise or lower the auxiliary rope (15). A first pulley (121) is provided at the end of the mast (116) away from the upper vehicle (114). The main rope (13) is wound from the main winch (118)... 18) Extends to the first pulley (121) and passes around the first pulley (121) before connecting to the bucket body (17); the body (11) also includes a secondary arm (123) connected to the end of the mast (116) away from the upper vehicle (114), the secondary arm (123) is provided with a second pulley (125) at the end away from the mast (116), and the secondary rope (15) extends from the secondary winch (119) to the second pulley (125) and passes around the second pulley (125) before connecting to the bucket body (17).

7. The diaphragm wall trenching machine as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The bucket body (17) is also provided with a drive cylinder (176). The grab bucket (19) includes two half buckets, which can rotate relative to each other. One end of the drive cylinder (176) is hinged to two connecting rods (178), which are also respectively hinged to the two half buckets of the grab bucket (19). The half buckets of the grab bucket (19) are provided with edge teeth (192) on the side edges that are far apart from each other, and the inner walls of the half buckets are provided with inner teeth (194).

8. A construction method for a diaphragm wall trenching machine, employing the diaphragm wall trenching machine as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the diaphragm wall trenching machine comprises a bucket body (17) and a grab bucket (19) connected to the bucket body (17), characterized in that, The construction method for trenching underground continuous wall includes: The bucket (17) and the grab bucket (19) of the underground continuous wall trenching machine are controlled to extract materials while tilted at a certain angle relative to the vertical direction.

9. The construction method for trenching underground continuous wall as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The diaphragm wall trenching machine also includes a body (11), which includes a chassis (112), an upper carriage (114), and a mast (116) mounted on the upper carriage (114). The mast (116) can rotate relative to the upper carriage (114) to adjust the pitch angle of the mast (116). The construction method of the diaphragm wall trenching machine also includes a step before the bucket body (17) and the grab bucket (19) controlling the diaphragm wall trenching machine are tilted at a certain angle relative to the vertical direction to extract materials: The material extraction site is prepared, and the underground continuous wall trenching machine is installed. The bucket (17) and grab bucket (19) of the underground continuous wall trenching machine are controlled to extract materials in a vertical state; Move the diaphragm wall trenching machine away from the trenching direction and control the mast (116) to adjust the pitch angle so that the angle between the mast (116) and the horizontal direction is reduced. Then control the bucket (17) and the grab bucket (19) of the diaphragm wall trenching machine to continue to mine materials in the vertical direction.

10. The construction method for trenching underground continuous wall as described in claim 8, characterized in that, In the step of controlling the bucket (17) and grab bucket (19) of the diaphragm wall trenching machine to extract materials while tilted at a certain angle relative to the vertical direction, the bucket (17) and grab bucket (19) of the diaphragm wall trenching machine are controlled to be tilted at a certain angle relative to the vertical direction. Then, the grab bucket (19) is repeatedly closed and opened multiple times. After the bucket (17) and grab bucket (19) are tilted and raised to a certain height, the bucket (17) and grab bucket (19) of the diaphragm wall trenching machine are controlled to continue to be raised to the target position in a vertical direction and then the materials are unloaded.

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