Mechanical hole-forming method for rectangular piles with horizontal cantilevered shoulder and with expandable stepped drilling

Abstract

This invention discloses a mechanical drilling method for rectangular piles with reaming and step-by-step drilling and excavation, including: combining multiple rectangular drilling rigs to form a rectangular structure corresponding to the size of the rectangular pile hole; equipping each drilling rig with a slag handling mechanism, a multi-functional drilling assembly, and a vertical drilling device; controlling the vertical drilling devices on all drilling rigs to drill vertically downwards to form a free section; activating the multi-functional drilling assembly on the drilling rig located near the reaming hole and the horizontal cantilever pile hole excavation section to drill the stratum to form a reaming hole; controlling the horizontal hydraulic cylinder on the drilling rig located near the reaming hole and the horizontal cantilever pile hole excavation section to drive the multi-functional drilling device to move horizontally outwards to drill the stratum to form a horizontal cantilever pile hole; and continuing to control the vertical drilling devices on all drilling rigs to drill vertically downwards to form an embedded section. The advantage of this invention is that, according to different sizes of rectangular pile holes, a corresponding number of rectangular drilling rigs are set on the rectangular anti-slide pile drilling rig to form a rectangular structure for drilling rectangular pile holes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of anti-slide pile drilling equipment, specifically relating to a mechanical hole-forming method for rectangular piles with a horizontal cantilever and a haunch-type drilling and excavation process that can be expanded in stages. Background Technology

[0002] In engineering projects such as slope protection, roadbed construction, foundation pit excavation, and tunnel entrance / exit construction, anti-slide piles are the most effective measure to transfer the lateral thrust of the soil and rock mass to the stable strata below the sliding surface, resisting lateral thrust and mitigating engineering and geological hazards. Anti-slide piles are divided into rectangular cross-section anti-slide piles and circular cross-section anti-slide piles. Rectangular anti-slide piles have advantages such as high lateral stiffness and high single pile bearing capacity, effectively enhancing anti-slide force and increasing the anti-slide coefficient. Therefore, rectangular cross-section anti-slide piles are widely used in various engineering fields. Traditional rectangular cross-section anti-slide piles have a large cross-section and cannot fully utilize the strength of the soil and rock mass in front of the pile. For anti-slide piles with horizontal cantilever structures, the horizontal cantilever can fully utilize the strength of the soil and rock mass in front of the pile, improving the anti-slide capacity of the anti-slide pile; however, drilling the horizontal cantilever pile holes for rectangular anti-slide piles with horizontal cantilever structures is extremely difficult. Furthermore, traditional rectangular cross-section anti-slide piles typically employ both manual and mechanical excavation methods. Collapses caused by manual excavation of bored piles account for 65% of all collapse accidents, and are inefficient and costly, while mechanical excavation is safer and more efficient. Therefore, using mechanical drilling to excavate pile holes with horizontal cantilever rectangular anti-slide piles within soil and rock layers is of great significance for ensuring the safety of construction personnel and improving efficiency.

[0003] Currently, there are various types of drilling equipment and mechanical excavation methods for rectangular anti-slide piles, such as:

[0004] Patent No. CN 106836354 A, "Mechanical Hole Forming Device for Rectangular Anti-slide Piles", uses multiple cutting blades to form a rectangular shovel head. The rear end of the shovel head is equipped with a counterweight or hydraulic propulsion device to realize the drilling of rectangular pile holes.

[0005] Patent No. CN 103244053 A "Rectangular Drilling Machine" mainly uses two cam bodies to drive two T-shaped cutter heads evenly distributed at the bottom of two steel frames to move towards each other and back and forth, cutting the soil into rectangular holes.

[0006] Patent No. CN 104533300 A, "Rectangular Drilling Machine", has a conical drill bit at the bottom of a rectangular transmission box and cross-shaped long cutters on the four sides. The conical drill bit drills in to form a circular pile hole, and then the cross-shaped long cutters rotate and cut to shape it into a rectangular pile hole.

[0007] The patent number CN 207715083 U, "A Rectangular Anti-slide Pile Drilling Rig", mainly involves setting a circular drill cylinder and a rectangular drill cylinder at the bottom of the drill rod. The circular drill cylinder is screwed in to form a circular pile hole, and then the rectangular drill cylinder cuts the soil around the circular pile hole to form a rectangular pile hole.

[0008] Patent No. CN 105951798 A, "A Rectangular Drilling Machine", mainly uses a motor to drive four concave cylindrical parts with agitators to cut the soil and drill rectangular pile holes.

[0009] Existing drilling machines mainly form vertical rectangular pile holes in rock and soil. However, the following problems exist: (1) It is impossible to drill rectangular anti-slide pile holes with a horizontal cantilever structure with axle in rock and soil; (2) Other machinery (grab bucket) or auxiliary measures (slurry positive circulation slag removal method) are used to clean the slag in the pile hole. The integration of drilling and slag removal equipment is low, the construction efficiency is low and the cost is high.

[0010] Regarding mechanical construction methods for rectangular anti-slide piles, for example:

[0011] Patent No. CN 108678661 A, "Method for Drilling Holes for Square Anti-slide Piles and Square Drill Bit for Drilling Holes", utilizes a rotary drilling rig with a circular drill bit to drill at least one row of circular pilot holes sequentially along the length of the cross-section of the square anti-slide pile hole. The rows of circular pilot holes are connected, and the sidewalls of the square anti-slide pile hole are tangent to the edges of the adjacent circular pilot holes. Then, a square drill bit is used to sweep the hole, so that the square drill bit cuts down along the outline of the square anti-slide pile hole to remove excess soil. This process is repeated until the design requirements are met.

[0012] Patent No. CN110593753 A, "Method for Rapid Mechanical Hole Formation of Rectangular Anti-slide Piles," first uses a rotary drilling rig with a round drill bit to drill pilot holes at the four corners until the designed pile bottom elevation is reached. Then, a trenching machine is used to trim the pilot holes in three sections, employing a three-stage grab bucket operation: first, grabbing along the long side of the anti-slide pile from the pilot hole location until the designed hole depth is reached; second, grabbing along the other long side of the anti-slide pile from the pilot hole location until the designed hole depth is reached; third, grabbing the remaining middle section until the designed hole depth is reached. If encountering complex and hard strata such as hard gravelly soil or calcareous cemented layers, the trenching machine stops grabbing the soil, and the hard layers are broken using a long-arm hydraulic breaker.

[0013] Patent No. CN 110820733 A, "An Improved Simple Rectangular Anti-slide Pile Mechanical Rapid Hole Formation Construction Method", mainly involves two rotary excavations of circular pile holes, connecting the circular pile holes and over-excavating beyond the outline of the rectangular pile hole. After placing a rectangular steel cylinder inside the pile hole, the over-excavated part is poured to form the rectangular pile hole.

[0014] Patent No. CN 110714460 A, "A Mechanical Method for Drilling Rectangular Anti-slide Piles with Reduced Filling Coefficient", and Patent No. CN 113605387, "A Fully Mechanical Construction Method for Rectangular Anti-slide Piles", both mainly involve two or more rotary excavations of circular pile holes. The circular pile holes are connected or partially overlapped and tangent to the outline of the rectangular pile hole. The rectangular pile hole is formed by mechanically removing slag and repairing the hole around the perimeter of the pile hole.

[0015] The patent number CN 111691408 A, "A Construction Method for Rectangular Anti-slide Piles in Soft Rock Layers", mainly involves first drilling a rectangular groove along the outline of a rectangular pile hole using a small-diameter rotary drilling rig, with the small-diameter pile hole tangent to the outline of the rectangular pile hole. Then, a large-diameter rotary drilling rig is used to partially overlap the small-diameter pile hole, and the pile hole is mechanically cleaned and repaired to form a rectangular pile hole.

[0016] However, the following problems exist: (1) It is impossible to drill rectangular anti-slide pile holes with a horizontal cantilever structure with a haunch in the rock and soil; (2) Other machinery or auxiliary measures are required for hole repair, resulting in low drilling efficiency and high cost, and it is impossible to drill rectangular pile holes in one go; (3) The pile hole size varies in actual projects, and the existing rectangular anti-slide pile hole forming machinery and equipment has a fixed size, which cannot cope with the changes in pile hole size; (4) Using other machinery (grab bucket) or auxiliary measures (slurry positive circulation slag removal method) to clean the slag in the pile hole increases the construction cost. Summary of the Invention

[0017] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of the prior art by providing a mechanical drilling method for rectangular piles with a horizontal cantilever and a reaming capability, involving step-by-step drilling. This mechanical drilling method combines multiple rectangular drilling rigs to form a rectangular structure corresponding to the size of the rectangular pile hole. A slag handling mechanism, a multi-functional drilling assembly, and a vertical drilling assembly are sequentially installed on the drilling rig from top to bottom to perform step-by-step drilling of the rectangular anti-slide pile hole with a horizontal cantilever and a reaming capability. Specifically, the vertical drilling device excavates the vertical rectangular pile hole using cylindrical drilling rigs arranged in a matrix. After the vertical rectangular pile hole is excavated to the designed depth with the horizontal cantilever and a reaming capability, the vertical drilling device stops working. The multi-functional drilling assembly then rotates outward to form the reaming portion. Next, the multi-functional drilling device is driven horizontally outward by a horizontal hydraulic cylinder on the multi-functional drilling assembly to drill the horizontal cantilever structure within the soil and rock, thus forming the horizontal cantilever pile hole with a reaming capability. The multi-functional drilling device is then retracted and rotated back to a vertical position. Finally, the vertical drilling device continues to excavate the rectangular pile hole to the designed depth.

[0018] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0019] A mechanical hole-forming method for rectangular piles with a horizontal cantilever and a reaming-type step-by-step drilling technique, characterized in that the mechanical hole-forming method includes the following steps:

[0020] S1: Based on the dimensions of the rectangular pile holes, multiple rectangular drilling rigs are combined to form a rectangular structure corresponding to the dimensions of the rectangular pile holes; a slag handling mechanism, a multi-functional drilling assembly, and a vertical drilling device are sequentially installed on each drilling rig from top to bottom; wherein:

[0021] The multi-functional drilling assembly includes a multi-functional drilling device, a rotary hydraulic cylinder, a crank hydraulic cylinder, a horizontal hydraulic cylinder, and a multi-functional drilling reaction frame. The multi-functional drilling reaction frame has a box-shaped structure with a side opening. The upper swing plate at the lower end of the multi-functional drilling device and the lower swing plate on the bottom surface of the multi-functional drilling reaction frame are rotatably connected via a connecting shaft. The rotary hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the middle or upper part of the multi-functional drilling device. The crank hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the upper swing plate via a crank shaft, and the crank shaft is located directly below the connecting shaft. The lower swing plate is slidably connected to the bottom surface of the multi-functional drilling reaction frame. The horizontal hydraulic cylinder is connected to the lower swing plate and drives the lower swing plate to move horizontally.

[0022] The vertical drilling device includes several horizontally arranged cylindrical drill assemblies that form a rectangular excavation face.

[0023] S2: Position the multi-functional drilling device on all the drilling rigs within the box-shaped space of the multi-functional drilling reaction frame, and put the horizontal hydraulic cylinders on all the drilling rigs into a standby state with minimum stroke, controlling the vertical drilling device on all the drilling rigs to drill vertically downwards into the strata until the design depth of the horizontal cantilever, so as to form the free section of the rectangular pile hole;

[0024] S3: Stop drilling on all the vertical drilling devices on the drilling rigs, and activate the multi-functional drilling assembly on the drilling rig located near the haunch hole and the horizontal cantilever pile hole excavation section. Driven by the rotary hydraulic cylinder and the crank hydraulic cylinder, the multi-functional drilling device gradually rotates outward around the connecting shaft as the rotation center and drills the strata at the same time until the multi-functional drilling device rotates from the vertical state to the horizontal state to form the haunch hole.

[0025] S4: Control the horizontal hydraulic cylinder on the drilling rig located near the axle hole and the horizontal cantilever pile hole excavation section to drive the multi-functional drilling device to move horizontally outward to drill the strata to the designed length, so as to form the horizontal cantilever pile hole;

[0026] S5: The horizontal hydraulic cylinder on the drilling rig located near the axle hole and the horizontal cantilever pile hole excavation section retracts to its minimum stroke and stops working, and the multi-functional drilling device rotates back to the vertical position; continue to control the vertical drilling devices on all the drilling rigs to drill vertically downwards to the design depth of the rectangular pile hole to form the embedded section of the rectangular pile hole.

[0027] In step S1, the connection method between the drilling rig and the drilling vehicle located on the ground is selected according to the design depth of the rectangular pile hole. The connection method is either a vertical drill rod connection or a cable connection.

[0028] If the design depth of the rectangular pile hole is within the length range of the vertical drill rod, then the vertical drill rod is installed on the drilling rig, and the lower end of the vertical drill rod is connected to the drilling machine;

[0029] If the designed depth of the rectangular pile hole exceeds the length of the vertical drill rod, then the cable is installed on the drilling rig and the lower end of the cable is used to hoist the drilling machine.

[0030] The drilling rig includes a vehicle-mounted platform, a steel column, a tie rod, a hinge shaft, a guide rail, a slider, and a steel cantilever beam. The steel column is vertically mounted on the vehicle-mounted platform. The upper end of the tie rod is hinged to the upper end of the steel column, and the lower end is hinged to the hinge shaft fixed on the vehicle-mounted platform. The guide rail is vertically mounted and fixed along the steel column. The slider is slidably mounted on the guide rail, and the steel cantilever beam is fixed on the slider.

[0031] When the drilling rig and the drilling machine are connected by the vertical drill rod, a rotary motor is installed on the steel suspension beam and drives the vertical drill rod to rotate.

[0032] When the drilling rig and the drilling vehicle are connected by the cable, a set of winch motors are fixedly installed on the steel suspension beam to drive the cable to suspend the drilling rig in the vertical direction, and a cable support is fixedly installed below the steel suspension beam.

[0033] In step S1, the stratum drilled by the drilling rig is a soil stratum;

[0034] The slag treatment mechanism includes a mixing device, a crushing device, a slag suction system, a slag discharge system, and a grouting system;

[0035] The mixing device includes a mixing tank and a mixing mechanism; the mixing tank is provided with a slag suction port, a slag discharge port, and a slurry inlet; the mixing mechanism includes a main gear and several auxiliary gears meshing with the main gear, the main gear being driven by the lower end of the vertical drill rod or by a mixing motor, a main mixing shaft extending into the mixing tank is coaxially mounted on the main gear, and mixing blades are mounted on the main mixing shaft; an auxiliary mixing shaft extending into the mixing tank is coaxially mounted on the auxiliary gear, and mixing blades are mounted on the auxiliary mixing shaft.

[0036] The slag suction system includes a slag suction main pipe and vertical slag suction branch pipes and multi-functional slag suction branch pipes branching from the suction port of the slag suction main pipe. The suction head of the vertical slag suction branch pipe is connected to the vertical drilling device, and the suction head of the multi-functional slag suction branch pipe is connected to the multi-functional drilling device. Each suction head is equipped with a slag suction valve, and the pipe body of the multi-functional slag suction branch pipe is a telescopic pipe.

[0037] The grouting system includes a grouting main pipe and a grouting pump installed on the grouting main pipe. One port of the grouting main pipe is connected to the grout inlet on the mixing tank to pump the mud into the mixing tank.

[0038] The slag discharge system includes a slag discharge pipe and a slag discharge pump installed on the slag discharge pipe. One end of the slag discharge pipe is connected to the slag discharge port on the mixing tank to pump the mud and slag in the mixing tank to the ground for collection.

[0039] The vertical drilling device includes a U-shaped fork plate and a plurality of cylindrical drill assemblies mounted on the U-shaped fork plate in a matrix arrangement. The U-shaped fork plate consists of a web plate, wing plates disposed on both sides of the web plate, and a steel support vertically welded to the web plate. The cylindrical drill assembly includes two cylindrical drills and a motor that drives the cylindrical drills to rotate. The cylindrical drill consists of a cylinder and a plurality of agitator assemblies evenly distributed on the surface of the cylinder. The rotating shaft of the motor passes through the cylinder on both sides, and the end of the rotating shaft is correspondingly disposed in the rotating shaft hole of the wing plate on both sides of the U-shaped fork plate. The outer shell of the motor is welded and fixed to the steel support.

[0040] The multi-functional drilling reaction frame includes a multi-functional hydraulic reaction plate, a multi-functional hydraulic upper side plate disposed at the upper end of the multi-functional hydraulic reaction plate, a multi-functional hydraulic lower side plate disposed at the lower end of the multi-functional hydraulic reaction plate, and multi-functional hydraulic side guard plates disposed on both sides of the multi-functional hydraulic reaction plate. The multi-functional hydraulic lower side plate is fixed to the vertical drilling device. The rear end of the cylinder of the rotating hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the multi-functional hydraulic reaction plate via a hinge seat. The rear end of the cylinder of the crank hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the multi-functional hydraulic reaction plate via a hinge seat. The rear end of the cylinder of the horizontal hydraulic cylinder is fixed to the multi-functional hydraulic reaction plate. The upper swing plate is semi-circular.

[0041] The multi-functional drilling device includes a mounting frame and a plurality of multi-functional cylindrical drilling assemblies located on the mounting frame. The mounting frame is composed of a multi-functional drilling web and multi-functional drilling wing plates located on both sides of the multi-functional drilling web. Each of the multi-functional cylindrical drilling assemblies is arranged at intervals along the vertical surface and top surface of the mounting frame.

[0042] The sliding connection between the lower swing plate and the bottom surface of the multi-functional drilling reaction frame refers to the following: a T-shaped groove is provided on the lower side plate of the multi-functional hydraulic system, a T-shaped slider is provided on the lower swing plate, and the T-shaped slider on the lower swing plate is assembled in the T-shaped groove of the lower side plate of the multi-functional hydraulic system to form a sliding connection.

[0043] In steps S2 and S5, during the process of vertical drilling of soil strata by all the vertical drilling devices on the drilling rigs, the slag suction valve at the suction head of the multi-functional slag suction branch pipe is closed, and the slag suction valve at the suction head of the vertical slag suction branch pipe is opened to suck the crushed mud and slag from the vertical drilling device into the crushing device. The crushing device further crushes the sucked mud and slag and sends it into the mixing tank for mixing. Meanwhile, the grouting system pumps slurry into the mixing tank in real time to mix with the mud and slag. The slag discharge system pumps the mixture of mud and slurry from the mixing tank to the ground for collection and treatment in real time.

[0044] In step S3, during the process of the multi-functional drilling device on the drilling rig located near the axle hole and the horizontal cantilever pile hole excavation section rotating outward to drill the soil stratum to form the axle hole, the slag suction valve at the suction head of the vertical slag suction branch pipe is closed, and the slag suction valve at the suction head of the multi-functional slag suction branch pipe is opened to suck the crushed mud and slag from the multi-functional drilling device into the crushing device. The crushing device further crushes the sucked mud and slag and sends it into the mixing tank for mixing. Meanwhile, the grouting system pumps slurry into the mixing tank in real time to mix with the mud and slag. The slag discharge system pumps the mud and slurry mixture from the mixing tank to the ground for collection and treatment in real time.

[0045] In step S4, during the process of the horizontal hydraulic cylinder on the drilling rig, located near the axle hole and the horizontal cantilever pile hole excavation section, driving the multi-functional drilling device to move horizontally outward to drill the horizontal cantilever pile hole, the slag suction valve at the suction head of the vertical slag suction branch pipe is closed, and the slag suction valve at the suction head of the multi-functional slag suction branch pipe is opened to suck the crushed mud and slag from the multi-functional drilling device into the crushing device. The crushing device further crushes the sucked mud and slag and sends it into the mixing tank for mixing. Meanwhile, the grouting system pumps slurry into the mixing tank in real time to mix with the mud and slag. The slag discharge system pumps the mud and slurry mixture from the mixing tank to the ground for collection and treatment in real time.

[0046] In step S1, the strata drilled by the drilling rig are rock strata;

[0047] The slag treatment mechanism includes a mixing device, a crushing device, a slag suction system, a slag discharge system, and a grouting system;

[0048] The mixing device includes a mixing tank and a mixing mechanism disposed on the mixing tank; a slag suction port disposed on the mixing tank is connected to the slag suction system, and a slag discharge port disposed on the mixing tank is connected to the slag discharge system; the grouting system is connected to the multi-functional drilling assembly and the vertical drilling device; the mixing mechanism includes a main gear and several auxiliary gears meshing with the main gear; the main gear is driven to rotate by a mixing motor or by the lower end of the vertical drill rod; a mixing main rotating shaft extending into the mixing tank is coaxially disposed on the main gear, and mixing blades are disposed on the mixing main rotating shaft; a mixing auxiliary rotating shaft extending into the mixing tank is coaxially disposed on the auxiliary gear, and mixing blades are disposed on the mixing auxiliary rotating shaft;

[0049] The slag suction system includes a slag suction main pipe and vertical slag suction branch pipes and multi-functional slag suction branch pipes branching from the suction port of the slag suction main pipe. The suction head of the vertical slag suction branch pipe is connected to the vertical drilling device, and the suction head of the multi-functional slag suction branch pipe is connected to the multi-functional drilling device. Each suction head is equipped with a slag suction valve, and the pipe body of the multi-functional slag suction branch pipe is a telescopic pipe.

[0050] The slag discharge system includes a slag discharge pipe and a slag discharge pump installed on the slag discharge pipe. The lower end of the slag discharge pipe is connected to the slag discharge port on the mixing tank.

[0051] The grouting system includes a main grouting pipe and a grouting pump mounted on the main grouting pipe. The lower end of the main grouting pipe branches into a vertical grouting branch pipe and a multi-functional grouting branch pipe. The nozzle of the vertical grouting branch pipe extends into the vertical drilling device near the cylindrical drill assembly, and the nozzle of the multi-functional grouting branch pipe extends into the multi-functional drill assembly near the multi-functional drilling device. Each nozzle is equipped with a grouting valve, and the pipe body of the multi-functional grouting branch pipe is a telescopic pipe.

[0052] The vertical drilling device includes a U-shaped fork plate and a plurality of cylindrical drill assemblies mounted on the U-shaped fork plate in a matrix arrangement. The U-shaped fork plate consists of a web plate, wing plates disposed on both sides of the web plate, and steel supports vertically welded to the web plate. Each cylindrical drill assembly includes two cylinders, a motor driving the cylinders to rotate, a plurality of hobbing cutter assemblies spaced apart on the surface of the cylinders, and a plurality of reamer assemblies arranged between adjacent hobbing cutter assemblies. Each hobbing cutter assembly includes a hobbing cutter base and a ring of hobbing cutters fixed on the hobbing cutter base. Each reamer assembly includes a reamer base and reamers inclinedly fixed on the reamer base. The motor is fixed to the steel supports and drives the cylinders to rotate.

[0053] The multi-functional drilling reaction frame includes a multi-functional hydraulic reaction plate, a multi-functional hydraulic upper side plate disposed at the upper end of the multi-functional hydraulic reaction plate, a multi-functional hydraulic lower side plate disposed at the lower end of the multi-functional hydraulic reaction plate, and multi-functional hydraulic side guard plates disposed on both sides of the multi-functional hydraulic reaction plate. The multi-functional hydraulic lower side plate is fixed to the vertical drilling device. The rear end of the cylinder of the rotating hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the multi-functional hydraulic reaction plate via a hinge seat. The rear end of the cylinder of the crank hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the multi-functional hydraulic reaction plate via a hinge seat. The rear end of the cylinder of the horizontal hydraulic cylinder is fixed to the multi-functional hydraulic reaction plate. The upper swing plate is semi-circular.

[0054] The multi-functional drilling device includes a mounting frame and a plurality of multi-functional cylindrical drilling assemblies located on the mounting frame. The mounting frame is composed of a multi-functional drilling web and multi-functional drilling wing plates located on both sides of the multi-functional drilling web. Each of the multi-functional cylindrical drilling assemblies is arranged at intervals along the vertical surface and top surface of the mounting frame.

[0055] The sliding connection between the lower swing plate and the bottom surface of the multi-functional drilling reaction frame refers to the following: a T-shaped groove is provided on the lower side plate of the multi-functional hydraulic system, a T-shaped slider is provided on the lower swing plate, and the T-shaped slider on the lower swing plate is assembled in the T-shaped groove of the lower side plate of the multi-functional hydraulic system to form a sliding connection.

[0056] In steps S2 and S5, during the vertical drilling process of all the vertical drilling devices on the drilling rigs, the grouting valves at the multi-functional grouting branch nozzles and the slag suction valves at the multi-functional slag suction branch nozzles are closed, while the grouting valves at the vertical grouting branch nozzles are opened to continuously inject mud into the rock surface at the drilling site. Simultaneously, the slag suction valves at the vertical slag suction branch nozzles are opened to draw the mixture of crushed rock and mud from the vertical drilling device into the crushing device. The crushing device further crushes the drawn-in rock and mud mixture and then sends it to the mixing tank for mixing. The slag discharge system continuously pumps the rock and mud mixture from the mixing tank to the ground for collection and treatment.

[0057] In step S3, during the process of the multi-functional drilling device on the drilling rig located near the haunch hole and the horizontal cantilever pile hole excavation section rotating outward to drill the rock strata to form the haunch hole, the grouting valve at the vertical grouting branch nozzle and the slag suction valve at the vertical slag suction branch nozzle are closed, and the grouting valve at the multi-functional grouting branch nozzle is opened to continuously inject mud into the rock surface at the drilling site of the multi-functional drilling device. At the same time, the slag suction valve at the multi-functional slag suction branch nozzle is opened to suck the mixture of rock fragments and mud crushed by the multi-functional drilling device into the crushing device. The crushing device further crushes the sucked rock fragments and mud mixture and sends it into the mixing tank for mixing. The slag discharge system pumps the rock fragments and mud mixture in the mixing tank to the ground for collection and treatment in real time.

[0058] In step S4, during the process of the multi-functional drilling device being driven by the horizontal hydraulic cylinder on the drilling rig located near the axle hole and the horizontal cantilever pile hole excavation section to move horizontally outward and drill the horizontal cantilever pile hole, the grouting valve at the vertical grouting branch nozzle and the slag suction valve at the vertical slag suction branch nozzle are closed, and the grouting valve at the multi-functional grouting branch nozzle is opened to continuously inject mud into the rock surface at the drilling site of the multi-functional drilling device. At the same time, the slag suction valve at the multi-functional slag suction branch nozzle is opened to suck the mixture of rock fragments and mud crushed by the multi-functional drilling device into the crushing device. The crushing device further crushes the sucked rock fragments and mud mixture and sends it into the mixing tank for mixing. The slag discharge system pumps the mixture of rock fragments and mud from the mixing tank to the ground for collection and treatment in real time.

[0059] The advantages of this invention are:

[0060] (1) According to the different sizes of rectangular pile holes, set up a corresponding number of rectangular drilling machines on the rectangular anti-slide pile drilling machine to form a rectangular structure for drilling rectangular pile holes;

[0061] (2) Based on the required depth of the drilled pile hole, drill rods or cables can be selected to achieve hoisting connection of the drilling rig; a multi-functional drilling assembly that can be horizontally telescopic and can be rotated outward is combined on the vertical drilling device to realize the drilling of rectangular anti-slide pile holes with a horizontal cantilever structure with axle holes in soil or rock strata.

[0062] (3) Both horizontal cantilever structures with haunches and vertical piles can be drilled in one go without the need for other mechanical assistance, thereby improving construction efficiency and saving construction and equipment costs;

[0063] (4) For soil strata, the construction environment is improved and the cost of mud is saved by vacuum suction and mud discharge. For rock strata, mud is injected into the drilling interface to mix with rock blocks to achieve suction. The rock blocks are then crushed in the crushing box to better discharge them from the pile hole and prevent the slag discharge pipe from being blocked.

[0064] (5) It has both drilling and slag removal functions, and the drilling rig has a high degree of integration, realizing the uninterrupted synchronous drilling and slag removal, reducing construction procedures, saving construction costs, and improving drilling efficiency.

[0065] (6) A multi-functional cylindrical drill with rotatable and horizontally sliding cutter and cutter with intervals can be used to drill rectangular pile holes with horizontal cantilever and haunch structure in rock strata. Attached Figure Description

[0066] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 2 This is a partial schematic diagram (a) of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0068] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the positions of various cross-sections in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0069] Figure 4 This is a partial schematic diagram (II) of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0070] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 3 AA section view in the middle;

[0071] Figure 6 This is a front view of the vertical drilling device in this invention;

[0072] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 6 BB section view in the middle;

[0073] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 3 CC section view in the middle;

[0074] Figure 9 For the present invention Figure 3 DD section view in the middle;

[0075] Figure 10 For the present invention Figure 3 EE section view;

[0076] Figure 11 For the present invention Figure 3 FF section view;

[0077] Figure 12 For the present invention Figure 3 GG sectional view in the middle;

[0078] Figure 13 For the present invention Figure 3 HH section view in the middle;

[0079] Figure 14 This is a side view of the multifunctional drill assembly in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0080] Figure 15 For the present invention Figure 14 Sectional view II;

[0081] Figure 16 For the present invention Figure 3 JJ section view;

[0082] Figure 17 For the present invention Figure 3 KK section view in the middle;

[0083] Figure 18 For the present invention Figure 3 LL section view;

[0084] Figure 19 For the present invention Figure 3 MM section view in the middle;

[0085] Figure 20 This is a top view schematic diagram of the mechanical hole-forming method for rectangular piles with horizontal cantilever and axle-type drilling in step-by-step drilling with expandable holes, as described in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0086] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of the mechanical hole-forming method for rectangular piles with horizontal cantilever and axle-type drilling in step-by-step drilling with expandable hole in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0087] Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0088] Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0089] Figure 24 This is a schematic diagram of the cylindrical drill assembly in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0090] Figure 25 This is a schematic diagram of Embodiment 4 of the present invention;

[0091] like Figure 1-25 The markings in the diagram are as follows:

[0092] 1. Vertical drilling device; 2. Multifunctional drilling assembly; 3. Mixing device; 4. Crushing device; 5. Slag suction system; 6. Pipe fixing frame; 7. Slag discharge system; 8. Grouting system; 9. Drilling rig;

[0093] 11. Cylindrical drill assembly, 12. Vertical drill U-shaped fork plate, 111. Cylinder, 112. Auger assembly, 113. Roller assembly, 114. Motor, 115. Motor shaft, 116. Stirring blade assembly, 121. Vertical drill wing plate, 122. Vertical drill middle web plate, 123. Vertical drill upper web plate, 124. Vertical drill steel support, 125. Shaft hole, 126. Vertical slag suction branch pipe through hole, 127. Vertical grouting branch pipe through hole, 128. Vertical slag suction main pipe through hole, 1121. Auger base, 1122. Auger, 1131. Roller base, 1132. Roller;

[0094] 21. Multifunctional drilling device; 22. Rotary hydraulic cylinder; 23. Crank hydraulic cylinder; 24. Horizontal hydraulic cylinder; 25. Multifunctional drilling reaction frame; 211. Multifunctional drilling U-shaped fork plate; 2111. Multifunctional drilling wing plate; 2112. Multifunctional drilling web plate; 2113. Groove; 2114. Multifunctional slag suction branch pipe through hole; 2115. Multifunctional grouting branch pipe through hole; 212. U-shaped thick plate; 2121. Rotary shaft hydraulic cylinder wing plate; 2122. Rotary shaft. Hydraulic cylinder web, 2123. Rotating shaft, 213. U-shaped connector, 2131. Base plate, 2132. Upper swing plate, 2133. Coupling hole, 2134. Coupling, 2135. Crankshaft, 251. Multifunctional hydraulic side guard plate, 252. Multifunctional hydraulic upper side plate, 253. Multifunctional hydraulic lower side plate, 254. Multifunctional hydraulic reaction plate, 255. T-shaped slide, 256. Lower swing plate, 257. T-shaped slider, 258. Hinge seat;

[0095] 31. Mixing tank; 32. Double-layer large blades; 33. Main mixing shaft; 34. Double-layer small blades; 35. Auxiliary mixing shaft; 36. Single-layer small blades; 37. Main gear; 38. Main gear isolation pad; 39. Auxiliary gear; 310. Auxiliary gear isolation pad; 311. Steel cover plate; 312. Mixing motor; 313. Vertical drill rod;

[0096] 41. Crushing box; 42. Middle partition plate; 43. Connecting pipe; 44. Frame; 45. Fan motor; 46. Fan blades; 47. Crushing blade; 48. Screen.

[0097] 51. Main suction pipe for slag removal; 52. Vertical suction branch pipe for slag removal; 53. Multifunctional suction branch pipe for slag removal; 54. Telescopic pipe; 55. Suction head; 56. Vertical suction valve for slag removal; 57. Multifunctional suction valve for slag removal.

[0098] 61. Top steel plate, 62. Middle steel plate, 63. Bottom steel plate, 64. Side upright plate, 65. Square through hole, 66. Slag discharge pipe fixing hole, 67. Grouting pipe fixing hole;

[0099] 71. Slag discharge pipe; 72. Slag discharge pump;

[0100] 81. Grouting main pipe, 82. Grouting pump, 83. Vertical grouting branch pipe, 84. Multifunctional grouting branch pipe, 85. Nozzle, 86. Vertical grouting valve, 87. Multifunctional grouting valve;

[0101] 91. Winch motor; 92. Fixed shaft; 93. Cable; 94. Cable support; 95. Steel cantilever beam; 96. Slider; 97. Steel column; 98. Guide rail; 99. Hinge shaft; 910. Tie rod; 911. Vehicle platform; 912. Rotary motor;

[0102] a. Rock strata, b. Drilling rig, c. Free section pile hole, d. Haunched hole, e. Horizontal cantilever pile hole, f. Embedded section pile hole. Detailed Implementation

[0103] The features and other related features of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, so as to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art:

[0104] Example 1: As Figure 1-21 As shown, this embodiment specifically relates to a mechanical drilling method for rectangular piles with a horizontal cantilever and a reaming-type step-by-step drilling technique. This embodiment uses rock stratum a and a rectangular deep-hole anti-slide pile as examples for illustration, and specifically includes the following steps:

[0105] (S1) Based on the dimensions of the rectangular pile holes, multiple rectangular drilling rigs b are combined to form a rectangular structure corresponding to the dimensions of the rectangular pile holes. The drilling rig 9 and drilling rig b are installed on the ground of the construction site. The drilling rig b is hoisted by the lower end of the cable 93 on the drilling rig 9. The drilling rig b includes, from top to bottom, a pipe fixing frame 6, a slag handling mechanism, a multi-functional drilling assembly 2, and a vertical drilling device 1. The slag handling mechanism includes a mixing device 3, a crushing device 4, a slag suction system 5, a slag discharge system 7, and a grouting system 8.

[0106] like Figure 1As shown, the drilling rig 9 includes a vehicle-mounted platform 911, a steel column 97, a tie rod 910, a hinge shaft 99, a guide rail 98, a slider 96, a steel cantilever beam 95, a cable support 94, a winch motor 91, a fixed shaft 92, and a cable 93. The vehicle-mounted platform 911 has tracked wheels and is located on the ground. The steel column 97 is vertically mounted at the front end of the vehicle-mounted platform 911. The tie rod 910 provides diagonal bracing reinforcement to the steel column 97. Specifically, the upper end of the tie rod 910 is hinged to the upper end of the steel column 97, and the lower end... The system is hinged to the hinge shaft 99 of the vehicle platform 911; the guide rail 98 is fixedly attached to the steel column 97 to form a vertical track; the slider 96 is slidably mounted on the guide rail 98 and can slide vertically under the drive of the power mechanism; the steel cantilever beam 95 is fixed to the slider 96; the cable bracket 94 is fixed to the bottom surface of the steel cantilever beam 95; the winch motor 91 is fixed to the steel cantilever beam 95 via the fixed shaft 92; the winch motor 91 is used to drive the cable 93 and the drilling rig suspended at its lower end to perform lifting and lowering movements. It should be noted that, due to the large weight of the drilling rig, it can move downwards under its own weight, eliminating the need for the drill rod to press down as before; and the cable 93 has sufficient length to meet the drilling requirements for rectangular deep holes.

[0107] like Figure 1-9 As shown, the vertical drilling device 1 is used for deep hole drilling of rectangular anti-slide piles. It mainly includes several cylindrical drill assemblies 11 and a vertical drill U-shaped fork plate 12 serving as an installation frame. The vertical drill U-shaped fork plate 12 mainly includes a vertical drill middle web plate 122, a vertical drill upper web plate 123, and vertical drill wing plates 121 located on both sides of the vertical drill middle web plate 122. Based on the number of cylindrical drill assemblies 11, a vertical drill steel support 124 is vertically welded at the middle position of the vertical drill middle web plate 122. Each set of cylindrical drill assemblies 11 consists of two cylindrical drills, a motor 114, and a motor shaft 115. In this embodiment, there are four cylindrical drills arranged in a matrix to form a rectangular cutting surface, which forms a rectangular pile hole during the downward cutting process. The matrix distribution here refers to the arrangement of cylindrical drills on both sides of the vertical drill steel support 124. The cylindrical drill includes a cylinder 111, a plurality of hobbing cutter assemblies 113 spaced apart on the surface of the cylinder 111, and a plurality of reamer assemblies 112 spaced apart between adjacent hobbing cutter assemblies 113 on the surface of the cylinder 111. A centrally located vertical drill steel support 124 is welded or bolted to the housing of a motor 114. The motor shaft 115 of the motor 114 drives the cylinders 111 on both sides to rotate, and the end of the motor shaft 115 is supported in the shaft holes 125 of the vertical drill blades 121 on both sides. Figure 6-9As shown, the height of the roller cutter assembly 113 protruding from the cylinder 111 is higher than that of the auger assembly 112. Therefore, when cutting the rock, the roller cutter 1132 on the roller cutter assembly 113 contacts the rock first. That is, the roller cutter assembly 113 first crushes the rock surface into several large rock blocks, and then the auger assembly 112 further cuts the large rock blocks on the excavation surface into small-diameter rock blocks (or rock debris). The roller cutter assembly 113 includes a roller cutter base 1131 and a ring of roller cutters 1132 fixed on the roller cutter base 1131. The auger assembly 112 includes an auger base 1121 and an auger 1122. The auger 1122 is installed at an angle under the fixation of the auger base 1121 to facilitate the excavation of rock strata. For rock masses, if the roller cutter 1132 directly crushes the rock mass at the excavation face or the auger 1122 directly excavates it, the strength, hardness, and wear resistance of the roller cutter and auger materials need to meet high requirements. This not only increases the difficulty of developing the roller cutter and auger materials but also increases construction costs. By combining the roller cutter 1132 and the auger 1122, the roller cutter 1132 only crushes the rock mass at the excavation face, reducing its strength. This makes it easier for the auger 1122 to cut the rock mass, thus reducing the requirements for the strength, hardness, and wear resistance of the roller cutter and auger materials, and also reducing wear on the cutter and auger. Therefore, the method of first crushing the rock mass at the excavation face with the roller cutter 1132, followed by cutting the crushed low-strength rock mass with the auger 1122, not only improves work efficiency but also reduces tool wear and lowers construction costs.

[0108] In addition, a vertical suction main pipe through hole 128 is provided on the upper web plate 123 of the vertical drill to fix the suction main pipe 51; a plurality of vertical suction branch pipe through holes 126 and vertical grouting branch pipe through holes 127 are provided on the middle web plate 122 of the vertical drill to fix the vertical suction branch pipe 53 and the vertical grouting branch pipe 83, respectively.

[0109] like Figure 1-4As shown in Figures 10-15, the multi-functional drilling assembly 2 includes a multi-functional drilling device 21, a rotary hydraulic cylinder 22, a crank hydraulic cylinder 23, a horizontal hydraulic cylinder 24, and a multi-functional drilling reaction frame 25; wherein, the multi-functional drilling reaction frame 25 includes a multi-functional hydraulic reaction plate 254, multi-functional hydraulic side guard plates 251 arranged on both sides of the multi-functional hydraulic reaction plate 254, a multi-functional hydraulic upper side plate 252 arranged on the top of the multi-functional hydraulic reaction plate 254, and a multi-functional hydraulic lower side plate 253 arranged at the bottom of the multi-functional hydraulic reaction plate 254, so that the multi-functional drilling reaction frame 25 forms a box-shaped structure with a side opening. The multi-functional drilling device 21 is arranged within the box-shaped structure of the multi-functional drilling reaction frame 25 and located at its open portion. It includes several multi-functional cylindrical drilling assemblies and a mounting frame for mounting these assemblies. Specifically, the mounting frame consists of a multi-functional drilling web 2112 and multi-functional drilling wing plates 2111 on both sides. Each multi-functional cylindrical drilling assembly is spaced apart on the vertical and top surfaces of the mounting frame, enabling it to drill into the rock mass during rotation and lateral movement in a horizontal state. In this embodiment, the multi-functional cylindrical drilling assembly includes a cylinder, several roller cutter assemblies spaced apart on the cylinder surface, and several reamer assemblies arranged between adjacent roller cutter assemblies. The cylinder is fixed to the mounting frame by a multi-functional drilling U-shaped fork plate 211. The roller cutter assemblies protrude from the cylinder at a higher height than the reamer assemblies. Each roller cutter assembly includes a roller cutter base and a ring of roller cutters fixed to the roller cutter base. The reamer assembly includes a reamer base and reamer cutters. The reamer cutters are installed at an inclined position under the fixation of the reamer base, facilitating the excavation of rock formations. The bottom of the mounting frame is provided with a U-shaped connector 213 for hinged connection with the lower swing plate 256 on the multi-functional hydraulic lower side plate 253. The U-shaped connector 213 includes a base plate 2131 and an upper swing plate 2132 welded to both sides of the base plate 2131. The base plate 2131 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the multi-functional drill web plate 2112 and the bottom of the multi-functional drill wing plate 2111. The upper swing plate 2132 is semi-circular and is hinged to the lower swing plate 256 via a connecting shaft 2134. The connecting shaft 2134 passes through the lower swing plate 256 and the connecting shaft hole 2133 on the upper swing plate 2132.

[0110] like Figure 1-4As shown in Figures 10-15, one end of the rotating hydraulic cylinder 22 is hinged to the multi-functional hydraulic reaction plate 254, and the other end is hinged to the U-shaped thick plate 212 on the back of the multi-functional drilling web 2112. The U-shaped thick plate 212 is specifically composed of the rotating shaft hydraulic cylinder wing plate 2121 and the rotating shaft hydraulic cylinder web 2122. The front end of the rotating hydraulic cylinder 22 is hinged to the U-shaped thick plate 212 via the rotating shaft 2123. The U-shaped thick plate 212 is located in the middle or upper part of the multi-functional drilling web 2112, and a groove 2113 is provided on the back of the multi-functional drilling web 2112 to facilitate the setting of the U-shaped thick plate 212. Furthermore, one end of the crank hydraulic cylinder 23 is hinged to the multi-functional hydraulic reaction plate 254 via a hinge seat 258, and the other end is hinged to the upper swing plate 256 via a crank shaft 2135. It should be noted that the hinge seat 258 on the multi-functional hydraulic reaction plate 254, which is hinged to the crank hydraulic cylinder 23, and the connecting shaft 2134 are at the same horizontal position, with the crank shaft 2135 located directly below the connecting shaft 2134. One end of the horizontal hydraulic cylinder 24 is connected to the multi-functional hydraulic reaction plate 254, and the other end is connected to the lower swing plate 256. In this embodiment, a T-shaped groove 255 is provided on the lower side plate 253 of the multi-functional hydraulic cylinder, and a T-shaped slider 257 is connected to the bottom of the lower swing plate 256. The T-shaped slider 257 and the T-shaped groove 255 form a sliding fit after assembly. When the horizontal hydraulic cylinder 24 pushes the lower swing plate 256, the T-shaped slider 257 on it can move horizontally along the T-shaped groove 255. Figure 21 As shown, with the connecting shaft 2134 as the rotation center, the rotating hydraulic cylinder 22 pushes the multi-functional drilling device 21 outward to rotate around the connecting shaft 2134. Simultaneously, the crank hydraulic cylinder 23 assists the multi-functional drilling device 21 in rotating around the connecting shaft 2134, achieving the purpose of the rotating hydraulic cylinder 22 and the crank hydraulic cylinder 23 jointly driving the multi-functional drilling device 21 to rotate outward and cut the rock mass to form a haunched pile hole. Subsequently, when the multi-functional drilling device 21 rotates from a vertical state to a horizontal state, the horizontal hydraulic cylinder 24 pushes the lower swing plate 256 outward. During this outward movement, the rotating hydraulic cylinder 22 and the crank hydraulic cylinder 23 also extend synchronously. The advantages of this method are: firstly, it increases the cutting force of the multi-functional drilling device 21 during the rotational cutting of rock and soil; secondly, it increases the stability of the multi-functional drilling device 21 during the rotational cutting of rock and soil.

[0111] In addition, a through hole is provided on the multi-functional hydraulic reaction plate 254, and a multi-functional slag suction branch pipe through hole 2114 and a multi-functional grouting branch pipe through hole 2115 are provided on the multi-functional drilling web plate 2112. The multi-functional slag suction branch pipe 53 branching off from the slag suction main pipe 51 in the slag suction system 5 extends its suction head 55 into the multi-functional drilling device 21 to suck up the excavated mud and slag through the through hole on the multi-functional hydraulic reaction plate 254 and the multi-functional slag suction branch pipe through hole 2114 on the multi-functional drilling web plate 2112. The multi-functional slag suction branch pipe 53 adopts the form of a telescopic pipe to accommodate the rotation and horizontal extension of the drilling device 21. The multi-functional grouting branch pipe 84, which branches off from the main grouting pipe 81 in the grouting system 8, extends its nozzle 85 into the multi-functional drilling device 21 for grouting through the through hole on the multi-functional hydraulic reaction plate 254 and the multi-functional grouting branch pipe through hole 2115 on the multi-functional drilling web plate 2112. In order to adapt to the rotation and horizontal extension of the multi-functional drilling device 21, the multi-functional grouting branch pipe 84 adopts the form of a telescopic pipe.

[0112] like Figure 1-19 As shown, the rock slag treatment mechanism includes a mixing device 3, a crushing device 4, a slag suction system 5, a slag discharge system 7, and a grouting system 8.

[0113] The mixing device 3 includes a mixing tank 31 and a mixing mechanism. The mixing tank 31 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the multi-functional drilling reaction frame 25. The mixing mechanism includes a main gear 37 and multiple auxiliary gears 39 meshing with it. The main gear 37 is driven to rotate by the mixing motor 312, which in turn drives the auxiliary gears 39 to rotate. A mixing main shaft 33 extending into the mixing tank 31 is coaxially arranged on the main gear 37. The mixing main shaft 33 is equipped with mixing blades, which are double-layered large blades 32. Each auxiliary gear 39 is coaxially arranged with a mixing auxiliary shaft 35 extending into the mixing tank 31. The mixing auxiliary shaft 35 is also equipped with mixing blades. Some of the mixing auxiliary shafts 35 have double-layered small blades 34, while others have single-layered small blades 36. By mixing the mud and slurry in the mixing tank 31, a uniformly mixed slurry can be obtained, which is convenient for discharge. To prevent slurry from seeping into the gearbox containing the main gear 37 and auxiliary gear 39 during mixing, a main gear isolation pad 38 is provided at the connection point between the main mixing shaft 33 and the mixing box 31, and an auxiliary gear isolation pad 310 is provided at the connection point between the auxiliary mixing shaft 35 and the mixing box 31. Figure 4 As shown, a steel cover plate 311 is located on top of the gearbox containing the main gear 37 and the auxiliary gear 39, for connecting to the pipe fixing bracket 6. The mixing tank 31 is equipped with a slag suction port and a slag discharge port.

[0114] A slag suction system 5 is connected to the slag suction port of the mixing tank 31. The slag suction system 5 mainly includes a main slag suction pipe 51, a vertical slag suction branch pipe 52, a multi-functional slag suction branch pipe 53, and a crushing device 4. One end of the main slag suction pipe 51 is connected to the slag suction port of the mixing tank 31 via the crushing device 4. The other end of the main slag suction pipe 51 (i.e., the suction end) branches into the vertical slag suction branch pipe 52 and the multi-functional slag suction branch pipe 53. Figure 4 As shown, the vertical slag suction branch pipe 52 extends into the vertical drilling device 1, and the suction head 55 of the vertical slag suction branch pipe 52 is close to the cylindrical drill assembly 11 so that it can suck up the rock and mud slag excavated by cutting. A vertical slag suction valve 56 is provided at the suction head 55 to control the pipeline opening and closing. The multi-functional slag suction branch pipe 53 extends into the multi-functional drilling assembly 2, and the suction head 55 of the multi-functional slag suction branch pipe 53 is close to the multi-functional drilling device 21 so that it can suck up the rock and mud slag excavated by cutting. A multi-functional slag suction valve 57 is provided at the suction head 55 to control the pipeline opening and closing. In order to accommodate the rotation and forward and backward movement of the multi-functional drilling device 21, the pipeline of the multi-functional slag suction branch pipe 53 adopts the form of a telescopic pipe 54.

[0115] The extracted rock debris is crushed into fine particles by the crushing device 4 and then enters the mixing tank 31. The crushing device 4 mainly includes a crushing tank 41, a partition plate 42, a connecting pipe 43, a frame 44, a blower motor 45, blower blades 46, a crushing blade 47, and a screen 48. The partition plate 42 is inclined in the crushing tank 41 to form a ramp that facilitates the flow of mud and slag. The blower motor 45 is installed on the top plate in the crushing tank 41 via the frame 44. The blower motor 45 has blower blades 46 on its rotating shaft. The high-speed rotating blower motor 45 and blower blades 46 can create negative pressure in the suction pipe 5. The crushing blades 47 are installed at the installation location of the blower motor 45 so that the extracted mud and slag must be crushed by the crushing blades 47 before entering the mixing tank 31 through the connecting pipe 43. The end face of the blower motor 45 is equipped with a screen 48 to filter large rock debris particles and prevent rock debris from flowing into the mixing tank 31 from the blower motor 45.

[0116] The grouting system 8 mainly includes a grouting main pipe 81, a grouting pump 82, a vertical grouting branch pipe 83, and a multi-functional grouting branch pipe 84. Since the rectangular deep hole drilling rig in this embodiment is applied to rock formations, the cut material is rock debris. The granular pure solid is difficult to pump and transport. Therefore, the main function of the grouting system 8 is to pump the supplemented mud to the cutting area, so that the rock debris and mud can be mixed for easy pumping. The grouting pump 82 is responsible for the pumping operation. The grouting main pipe 81 extends from the ground into the multi-functional drilling assembly 2 and the vertical drilling device 1. Its lower end branches into a multi-functional grouting branch pipe 84 and a vertical grouting branch pipe 83, which extend into the multi-functional drilling assembly 2 and the vertical drilling device 1 respectively to pump grout. The injection end of the multi-functional grouting branch pipe 84 is a nozzle 85, and a multi-functional grouting valve 87 is installed at the nozzle 85. The injection end of the vertical grouting branch pipe 83 is a nozzle 85, and a vertical grouting valve 86 is installed at the nozzle 85. During the drilling process, the opening and closing of the multi-functional grouting valve 87 and the vertical grouting valve 86 are determined according to whether the rectangular deep hole drilling rig is excavating a rectangular borehole downwards, excavating a horizontal cantilever pile hole laterally, or excavating a haunch hole.

[0117] The slag discharge port of the mixing tank 31 is connected to the slag discharge system 7 on the ground. The slag discharge system 7 includes a slag discharge pipe 71 and a slag discharge pump 72. The lower end of the slag discharge pipe 71 is connected to the slag discharge port of the mixing tank 31 and extends downward to a certain depth to facilitate the pumping out more mud and rock debris mixture. The slag discharge pipe 71 pumps the well-mixed mud and rock debris mixture from the mixing tank 31 to the ground for collection and treatment through the slag discharge pump 72.

[0118] like Figure 1-4 As shown in Figure 19, the pipe fixing bracket 6 has a box-shaped structure, including a top steel plate 61, a middle steel plate 62, a bottom steel plate 63, and several side upright plates 64 connecting the three. Furthermore, a square through hole 65 is provided on the bottom steel plate 63 for mounting the mixing motor 312. Additionally, slag discharge pipe fixing holes 66 for the slag discharge main pipe 71 and grouting pipe fixing holes 67 for the grouting main pipe 81 are also provided on the top steel plate 61, the middle steel plate 62, and the bottom steel plate 63. To prevent pipe swaying during drilling, the pipe fixing bracket 6 provides fixation for each passing pipe.

[0119] like Figure 20 As shown in this embodiment, when drilling the pile hole g to be excavated on the rock stratum a, two or four drilling rigs b can be set on the rectangular anti-slide pile drilling rig. When two drilling rigs b are set, the free section pile hole c, the haunch hole d, and the horizontal cantilever pile hole e are drilled by the two drilling rigs (working simultaneously). When four drilling rigs b are set, the free section pile hole c is drilled by the four drilling rigs b (working simultaneously), and the haunch hole d and the horizontal cantilever pile hole e are drilled by the two drilling rigs b (working simultaneously) set near the excavation part of the haunch hole d and the horizontal cantilever pile hole e.

[0120] (S2) as Figure 21 As shown, before drilling downwards, the horizontal hydraulic cylinders 24 on all drilling rigs b are brought to their minimum stroke and put into standby mode, and the multi-functional drilling device 21 in the multi-functional drilling assembly 2 (on all drilling rigs b) is placed in the multi-functional drilling reaction frame 25 and is in a vertical position; then the vertical drilling device 1 on all drilling rigs b is controlled to drill vertically downwards into the rock stratum a until the designed depth of the horizontal cantilever pile hole e, so as to form the free section pile hole c of the rectangular pile hole;

[0121] During this downward drilling process, the nozzles 85 on the vertical grouting branch pipe 83 are continuously opened by the vertical grouting valve 86 (on all drilling rigs b) to continuously inject mud into the rock surface at the drilling location of the vertical drilling device 1, and the nozzles 85 on the multi-functional grouting branch pipe 84 are closed by the multi-functional grouting valve 87 (on all drilling rigs b).

[0122] At the same time, the suction head 55 of the multi-functional slag suction branch pipe 53 (on all drilling rigs b) is closed, and the suction head 55 of the vertical slag suction branch pipe 52 (on all drilling rigs b) is opened to continuously suction slag, so as to draw the mixture of rock fragments and mud crushed by the vertical drilling device 1 into the crushing device 4. The crushing device 4 crushes the sucked rock fragments and mud mixture a second time and sends it into the mixing tank 31 for mixing. The slag discharge system 7 pumps the rock fragments and mud mixture in the mixing tank 31 to the ground for collection and treatment in real time.

[0123] (S3) as Figure 21 As shown, the vertical drilling device 1 (on all drilling rigs b) is stopped and held at that depth. The multi-functional drilling assembly 2 on the drilling rig b, which is located near the excavation section of the haunch hole d and the horizontal cantilever pile hole e, is activated. Driven by the rotating hydraulic cylinder 22 and the crank hydraulic cylinder 23, the multi-functional drilling device 21 gradually rotates outward around the connecting shaft 2134 and simultaneously stirs and cuts the rock mass. The multi-functional drilling device 21 rotates a total of 90 degrees from the vertical state to the horizontal state to form the haunch hole d.

[0124] During this process, the nozzles 85 on the multi-functional grouting branch pipe 84 are continuously opened by the multi-functional grouting valve 87 (located on the drilling rig b near the excavation section of the axle hole d and the horizontal cantilever pile hole e) to continuously inject mud into the rock surface at the drilling site of the multi-functional drilling device 21, and the nozzles 85 on the vertical grouting branch pipe 83 are closed by the vertical grouting valve 86 (on all drilling rigs b);

[0125] At the same time, the suction heads 55 of the vertical slag suction branch pipes 52 (on all drilling rigs b) are closed, and the suction heads 55 of the multi-functional slag suction branch pipes 53 (located near the excavation section of the haunch hole d and the horizontal cantilever pile hole e) are opened to continuously suction slag, so as to draw the mixture of rock fragments and mud crushed by the multi-functional drilling device 21 into the crushing device 4. The crushing device 4 crushes the sucked rock fragments and mud mixture a second time and sends it into the mixing tank 31 for mixing. The slag discharge system 7 pumps the rock fragments and mud mixture in the mixing tank 31 to the ground for collection and treatment in real time.

[0126] (S4) as Figure 21 As shown, the horizontal hydraulic cylinder 22 (located on the drilling rig b near the excavation section of the axle hole d and the horizontal cantilever pile hole e) drives the multi-functional drilling device 21 to move horizontally outward to drill to the designed length in order to form the horizontal cantilever pile hole e.

[0127] During this horizontal drilling process, the nozzles 85 on the multi-functional grouting branch pipe 84 are continuously opened by the multi-functional grouting valve 87 (located on the drilling rig b near the excavation section of the haunch hole d and the horizontal cantilever pile hole e) to continuously inject mud into the rock surface at the drilling site of the multi-functional drilling device 21, and the nozzles 85 on the vertical grouting branch pipe 83 are closed by the vertical grouting valve 86 (on all drilling rigs b).

[0128] At the same time, the suction heads 55 of the vertical slag suction branch pipes 52 (on all drilling rigs b) are closed, and the suction heads 55 of the multi-functional slag suction branch pipes 53 (located near the excavation section of the haunch hole d and the horizontal cantilever pile hole e) are opened to continuously suction slag, so as to draw the mixture of rock fragments and mud crushed by the multi-functional drilling device 21 into the crushing device 4. The crushing device 4 crushes the sucked rock fragments and mud mixture a second time and sends it into the mixing tank 31 for mixing. The slag discharge system 7 pumps the rock fragments and mud mixture in the mixing tank 31 to the ground for collection and treatment in real time.

[0129] (S5) as Figure 21 As shown, after the construction of the haunch hole d and the horizontal cantilever pile hole e is completed, the horizontal hydraulic cylinder 24 (on the drilling rig b located near the excavation section of the haunch hole d and the horizontal cantilever pile hole e) drives the multi-functional drilling device 21 to retract inward to its minimum stroke, and the rotating hydraulic cylinder 22 and the crank hydraulic cylinder 23 drive the multi-functional drilling device 21 to rotate back to the vertical state; then, the vertical drilling device 1 (on all drilling rigs b) continues to drill to the design depth to form the embedded section pile hole f. During this process, mud is continuously injected through the nozzle 85 of the vertical grouting branch pipe 83 (on all drilling rigs b), and the nozzle 85 of the multi-functional grouting branch pipe 84 (on all drilling rigs b) is closed; at the same time, the suction head 55 of the vertical slag suction branch pipe 52 (on all drilling rigs b) continuously suctions slag, while the suction head 55 of the multi-functional slag suction branch pipe 53 (on all drilling rigs b) is closed.

[0130] The beneficial effects of this embodiment are:

[0131] (1) According to the different sizes of rectangular pile holes, set up a corresponding number of rectangular drilling machines on the rectangular anti-slide pile drilling machine to form a rectangular structure for drilling rectangular pile holes;

[0132] (2) A multi-functional cylindrical drill with rotatable and horizontally sliding cutters and cutters arranged in cable and belt intervals is used to drill rectangular pile holes with horizontal cantilever and haunch structure in deep rock mass.

[0133] (3) The pile can be drilled in one go with the haunches, horizontal cantilever and vertical pile body without the need for other mechanical assistance, so as to improve construction efficiency and save construction and equipment costs;

[0134] (4) The rock is crushed twice by the crushing box, which can better discharge it from the pile hole and prevent the slag discharge pipe from being blocked;

[0135] (5) It has both drilling and slag removal functions, and the drilling rig has a high degree of integration, which realizes the uninterrupted synchronous operation of drilling and slag removal, reduces construction procedures, saves construction costs, and improves drilling efficiency.

[0136] Example 2: This example specifically relates to a mechanical drilling method for rectangular piles with a horizontal cantilever and axle-type horizontal drilling technique that allows for hole expansion. The difference between this example and Example 1 is that the construction of rectangular shallow-hole anti-slide piles is required in rock stratum a. Figure 22 As shown, the drilling rig 9 is connected to the drilling machine via a vertical drill rod 313.

[0137] The drilling rig 9 includes a vehicle-mounted platform 911, a steel column 97, a tie rod 910, a hinge shaft 99, a guide rail 98, a slider 96, a steel cantilever beam 95, and a rotary motor 912. The vehicle-mounted platform 911 has tracked wheels and is located on the ground. The steel column 97 is vertically mounted at the front end of the vehicle-mounted platform 911. The tie rod 910 provides diagonal bracing reinforcement to the steel column 97. Specifically, the upper end of the tie rod 910 is hinged to the upper end of the steel column 97, and the lower end is hinged to the hinge shaft 99. The guide rail... 98 is attached and fixed along the steel column 97 to form a vertical track. The slider 96 is slidably mounted on the guide rail 98 and can slide vertically under the drive of the power mechanism. The steel cantilever beam 95 is fixed on the slider 96, and the rotary motor 912 is mounted on the steel cantilever beam 95. The vertically set vertical drill rod 313 is driven to rotate by the rotary motor 912 and can move vertically with the slider 96. That is, the vertical drill rod 313 can drill downward under the drive of the slider 96.

[0138] It should also be noted that when the drilling rig 9 is connected to the drilling machine using the vertical drill rod 313, the main gear 37 in the mixing mechanism no longer needs to be driven by a separate mixing motor 312. The lower end of the vertical drill rod 313 can be directly connected to the main gear 37 and driven to rotate.

[0139] The remaining hole-forming construction methods and steps in this embodiment are exactly the same as in Embodiment 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0140] Example 3: This example specifically relates to a mechanical drilling method for rectangular piles with a horizontal cantilever and a horizontally oriented, expandable borehole. Unlike Example 1, this example requires the construction of rectangular deep-hole anti-slide piles in soil strata. Therefore, improvements were made to the grouting system 8 and the cylindrical drill assembly 11, as detailed below:

[0141] like Figure 23 As shown, the grouting system 8, which originally led to the vertical drilling device 1 and the multi-functional drilling assembly 2 in Example 1, is adjusted to lead to the mixing tank 31. The excavated mud can be sucked into the mixing tank 31 by the slag suction system 5 for mixing without the need for additional grouting. The grouting system 7 can further adjust the mud concentration by grouting into the mixing tank 31, so as to facilitate the slag discharge system 7 to discharge the mud mixture in the mixing tank 31.

[0142] like Figure 24 As shown, the soil stratum drilled in this example has low strength. Therefore, the cylindrical drill assembly 111 has several evenly distributed cutting tool assemblies 116 on its cylindrical surface. Each cutting tool assembly 116 includes a cutting tool base and a cutting tool. The cutting tool is installed at an angle with the base fixed in place, facilitating soil mixing. Similarly, the multi-functional cylindrical drill assembly in the multi-functional drill assembly 2 has the same structure as the cylindrical drill assembly 11.

[0143] The remaining hole-forming construction methods and steps in this embodiment are exactly the same as in Embodiment 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0144] Example 4: This example specifically relates to a mechanical drilling method for rectangular piles with horizontal cantilever and reaming capability, using a step-by-step drilling technique. Unlike Example 1, this example requires the construction of rectangular shallow-hole anti-slide piles in soil strata. Therefore, improvements were made to the grouting system 8 and the cylindrical drill assembly 11, as well as to the connection method between the drilling rig 9 and the drilling machine, as detailed below:

[0145] like Figure 25As shown, the grouting system 8, which originally led to the vertical drilling device 1 and the multi-functional drilling assembly 2 in Example 1, is adjusted to lead to the mixing tank 31. The excavated mud can be sucked into the mixing tank 31 by the slag suction system 5 for mixing without the need for additional grouting. The grouting system 7 can further adjust the mud concentration by grouting into the mixing tank 31, so as to facilitate the slag discharge system 7 to discharge the mud mixture in the mixing tank 31.

[0146] like Figure 24 As shown, the soil stratum drilled in this example has low strength. Therefore, the cylindrical drill assembly 111 has several evenly distributed cutting tool assemblies 116 on its cylindrical surface. Each cutting tool assembly 116 includes a cutting tool base and a cutting tool. The cutting tool is installed at an angle with the base fixed in place, facilitating soil mixing. Similarly, the multi-functional cylindrical drill assembly in the multi-functional drill assembly 2 has the same structure as the cylindrical drill assembly 11.

[0147] like Figure 25 As shown, the drilling rig 9 includes a vehicle-mounted platform 911, a steel column 97, a tie rod 910, a hinge shaft 99, a guide rail 98, a slider 96, a steel cantilever beam 95, and a rotary motor 912. The vehicle-mounted platform 911 has tracked wheels and is located on the ground. The steel column 97 is vertically mounted at the front end of the vehicle-mounted platform 911. The tie rod 910 provides diagonal bracing reinforcement to the steel column 97. Specifically, the upper end of the tie rod 910 is hinged to the upper end of the steel column 97, and the lower end is hinged to the hinge shaft 99. The rail 98 is fixedly attached to the steel column 97 to form a vertical track. The slider 96 is slidably mounted on the rail 98 and can slide vertically under the drive of the power mechanism. The steel cantilever beam 95 is fixed on the slider 96, and the rotary motor 912 is mounted on the steel cantilever beam 95. The vertically arranged vertical drill rod 313 is driven to rotate by the rotary motor 912 and can move vertically with the slider 96, that is, the vertical drill rod 313 can drill downwards under the drive of the slider 96. It should be noted that when the drilling rig 9 is connected to the drilling machine using the vertical drill rod 313, the main gear 37 in the stirring mechanism no longer needs to be driven by a separate stirring motor 312. The lower end of the vertical drill rod 313 can be directly connected to the main gear 37 and driven to rotate.

[0148] The remaining hole-forming construction methods and steps in this embodiment are exactly the same as in Embodiment 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0149] Although the above embodiments have described the concept and embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art will recognize that various improvements and modifications can still be made to the present invention without departing from the scope of the claims, and therefore will not be elaborated here.

Claims

1. A mechanical drilling method for rectangular piles with a horizontal cantilever and axle-assisted drilling system, characterized in that... The mechanical hole-forming method includes the following steps: S1: Based on the dimensions of the rectangular pile holes, multiple rectangular drilling rigs are combined to form a rectangular structure corresponding to the dimensions of the rectangular pile holes; a slag handling mechanism, a multi-functional drilling assembly, and a vertical drilling device are sequentially installed on each drilling rig from top to bottom; wherein: The multi-functional drilling assembly includes a multi-functional drilling device, a rotary hydraulic cylinder, a crank hydraulic cylinder, a horizontal hydraulic cylinder, and a multi-functional drilling reaction frame. The multi-functional drilling reaction frame has a box-shaped structure with a side opening. The upper swing plate at the lower end of the multi-functional drilling device and the lower swing plate on the bottom surface of the multi-functional drilling reaction frame are rotatably connected via a connecting shaft. The rotary hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the middle or upper part of the multi-functional drilling device. The crank hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the upper swing plate via a crank shaft, and the crank shaft is located directly below the connecting shaft. The lower swing plate is slidably connected to the bottom surface of the multi-functional drilling reaction frame. The horizontal hydraulic cylinder is connected to the lower swing plate and drives the lower swing plate to move horizontally. The vertical drilling device includes several horizontally arranged cylindrical drill assemblies that form a rectangular excavation face. S2: Position the multi-functional drilling device on all the drilling rigs within the box-shaped space of the multi-functional drilling reaction frame, and put the horizontal hydraulic cylinders on all the drilling rigs into a standby state with minimum stroke, controlling the vertical drilling device on all the drilling rigs to drill vertically downwards into the strata until the design depth of the horizontal cantilever, so as to form the free section of the rectangular pile hole; S3: Stop drilling on all the vertical drilling devices on the drilling rigs, and activate the multi-functional drilling assembly on the drilling rig located near the haunch hole and the horizontal cantilever pile hole excavation section. Driven by the rotary hydraulic cylinder and the crank hydraulic cylinder, the multi-functional drilling device gradually rotates outward around the connecting shaft as the rotation center and drills the strata at the same time until the multi-functional drilling device rotates from the vertical state to the horizontal state to form the haunch hole. S4: Control the horizontal hydraulic cylinder on the drilling rig located near the axle hole and the horizontal cantilever pile hole excavation section to drive the multi-functional drilling device to move horizontally outward to drill the strata to the designed length, so as to form the horizontal cantilever pile hole; S5: The horizontal hydraulic cylinder on the drilling rig located near the axle hole and the horizontal cantilever pile hole excavation section retracts to its minimum stroke and stops working, and the multi-functional drilling device rotates back to the vertical position; continue to control the vertical drilling devices on all the drilling rigs to drill vertically downwards to the design depth of the rectangular pile hole to form the embedded section of the rectangular pile hole.

2. The mechanical hole-forming method for rectangular piles with a horizontal cantilever and axle-added, step-by-step drilling method according to claim 1, characterized in that... In step S1, the connection method between the drilling rig and the drilling vehicle located on the ground is selected according to the design depth of the rectangular pile hole. The connection method is either a vertical drill rod connection or a cable connection. If the design depth of the rectangular pile hole is within the length range of the vertical drill rod, then the vertical drill rod is installed on the drilling rig, and the lower end of the vertical drill rod is connected to the drilling machine; If the designed depth of the rectangular pile hole exceeds the length of the vertical drill rod, then the cable is installed on the drilling rig and the lower end of the cable is used to hoist the drilling machine.

3. The mechanical hole-forming method for rectangular piles with a horizontal cantilever and axle-added, step-by-step drilling process according to claim 2, characterized in that... The drilling rig includes a vehicle-mounted platform, a steel column, a tie rod, a hinge shaft, a guide rail, a slider, and a steel cantilever beam. The steel column is vertically mounted on the vehicle-mounted platform. The upper end of the tie rod is hinged to the upper end of the steel column, and the lower end is hinged to the hinge shaft fixed on the vehicle-mounted platform. The guide rail is vertically mounted and fixed along the steel column. The slider is slidably mounted on the guide rail, and the steel cantilever beam is fixed on the slider. When the drilling rig and the drilling machine are connected by the vertical drill rod, a rotary motor is installed on the steel suspension beam and drives the vertical drill rod to rotate. When the drilling rig and the drilling vehicle are connected by the cable, a set of winch motors are fixedly installed on the steel suspension beam to drive the cable to suspend the drilling rig in the vertical direction, and a cable support is fixedly installed below the steel suspension beam.

4. The mechanical hole-forming method for rectangular piles with a horizontal cantilever and axle-added, step-by-step drilling method according to claim 2, characterized in that... In step S1, the stratum drilled by the drilling rig is a soil stratum; The slag treatment mechanism includes a mixing device, a crushing device, a slag suction system, a slag discharge system, and a grouting system; The mixing device includes a mixing tank and a mixing mechanism; the mixing tank is provided with a slag suction port, a slag discharge port, and a slurry inlet; the mixing mechanism includes a main gear and several auxiliary gears meshing with the main gear, the main gear being driven by the lower end of the vertical drill rod or by a mixing motor, a main mixing shaft extending into the mixing tank is coaxially mounted on the main gear, and mixing blades are mounted on the main mixing shaft; an auxiliary mixing shaft extending into the mixing tank is coaxially mounted on the auxiliary gear, and mixing blades are mounted on the auxiliary mixing shaft. The slag suction system includes a main slag suction pipe and vertical slag suction branch pipes and multi-functional slag suction branch pipes branching from the suction port of the main slag suction pipe. The suction head of the vertical slag suction branch pipe is connected to the vertical drilling device, and the suction head of the multi-functional slag suction branch pipe is connected to the multi-functional drilling device. Each suction head is equipped with a slag suction valve, and the pipe body of the multi-functional slag suction branch pipe is a telescopic pipe. The grouting system includes a grouting main pipe and a grouting pump installed on the grouting main pipe. One port of the grouting main pipe is connected to the grout inlet on the mixing tank to pump the mud into the mixing tank. The slag discharge system includes a slag discharge pipe and a slag discharge pump installed on the slag discharge pipe. One end of the slag discharge pipe is connected to the slag discharge port on the mixing tank to pump the mud and slag in the mixing tank to the ground for collection.

5. The mechanical hole-forming method for rectangular piles with a horizontal cantilever and axle-added, step-by-step drilling method according to claim 4, characterized in that... The vertical drilling device includes a U-shaped fork plate and a plurality of cylindrical drill assemblies mounted on the U-shaped fork plate in a matrix arrangement. The U-shaped fork plate consists of a web plate, wing plates disposed on both sides of the web plate, and a steel support vertically welded to the web plate. The cylindrical drill assembly includes two cylindrical drills and a motor that drives the cylindrical drills to rotate. The cylindrical drill consists of a cylinder and a plurality of agitator assemblies evenly distributed on the surface of the cylinder. The rotating shaft of the motor passes through the cylinder on both sides, and the end of the rotating shaft is correspondingly disposed in the rotating shaft hole of the wing plate on both sides of the U-shaped fork plate. The outer shell of the motor is welded and fixed to the steel support. The multi-functional drilling reaction frame includes a multi-functional hydraulic reaction plate, a multi-functional hydraulic upper side plate disposed at the upper end of the multi-functional hydraulic reaction plate, a multi-functional hydraulic lower side plate disposed at the lower end of the multi-functional hydraulic reaction plate, and multi-functional hydraulic side guard plates disposed on both sides of the multi-functional hydraulic reaction plate. The multi-functional hydraulic lower side plate is fixed to the vertical drilling device. The rear end of the cylinder of the rotating hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the multi-functional hydraulic reaction plate via a hinge seat. The rear end of the cylinder of the crank hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the multi-functional hydraulic reaction plate via a hinge seat. The rear end of the cylinder of the horizontal hydraulic cylinder is fixed to the multi-functional hydraulic reaction plate. The upper swing plate is semi-circular. The multi-functional drilling device includes a mounting frame and a plurality of multi-functional cylindrical drilling assemblies located on the mounting frame. The mounting frame is composed of a multi-functional drilling web and multi-functional drilling wing plates located on both sides of the multi-functional drilling web. Each of the multi-functional cylindrical drilling assemblies is arranged at intervals along the vertical surface and top surface of the mounting frame. The sliding connection between the lower swing plate and the bottom surface of the multi-functional drilling reaction frame refers to the following: a T-shaped groove is provided on the lower side plate of the multi-functional hydraulic system, a T-shaped slider is provided on the lower swing plate, and the T-shaped slider on the lower swing plate is assembled in the T-shaped groove of the lower side plate of the multi-functional hydraulic system to form a sliding connection.

6. The mechanical hole-forming method for rectangular piles with a horizontal cantilever and axle-added, step-by-step drilling process according to claim 5, characterized in that... In steps S2 and S5, during the process of vertical drilling of soil strata by all the vertical drilling devices on the drilling rigs, the slag suction valve at the suction head of the multi-functional slag suction branch pipe is closed, and the slag suction valve at the suction head of the vertical slag suction branch pipe is opened to suck the crushed mud and slag from the vertical drilling device into the crushing device. The crushing device further crushes the sucked mud and slag and sends it into the mixing tank for mixing. Meanwhile, the grouting system pumps slurry into the mixing tank in real time to mix with the mud and slag. The slag discharge system pumps the mixture of mud and slurry from the mixing tank to the ground for collection and treatment in real time. In step S3, during the process of the multi-functional drilling device on the drilling rig located near the axle hole and the horizontal cantilever pile hole excavation section rotating outward to drill the soil stratum to form the axle hole, the slag suction valve at the suction head of the vertical slag suction branch pipe is closed, and the slag suction valve at the suction head of the multi-functional slag suction branch pipe is opened to suck the crushed mud and slag from the multi-functional drilling device into the crushing device. The crushing device further crushes the sucked mud and slag and sends it into the mixing tank for mixing. Meanwhile, the grouting system pumps slurry into the mixing tank in real time to mix with the mud and slag. The slag discharge system pumps the mud and slurry mixture from the mixing tank to the ground for collection and treatment in real time. In step S4, during the process of the horizontal hydraulic cylinder on the drilling rig, located near the axle hole and the horizontal cantilever pile hole excavation section, driving the multi-functional drilling device to move horizontally outward to drill the horizontal cantilever pile hole, the slag suction valve at the suction head of the vertical slag suction branch pipe is closed, and the slag suction valve at the suction head of the multi-functional slag suction branch pipe is opened to suck the crushed mud and slag from the multi-functional drilling device into the crushing device. The crushing device further crushes the sucked mud and slag and sends it into the mixing tank for mixing. Meanwhile, the grouting system pumps slurry into the mixing tank in real time to mix with the mud and slag. The slag discharge system pumps the mud and slurry mixture from the mixing tank to the ground for collection and treatment in real time.

7. The mechanical hole-forming method for rectangular piles with a horizontal cantilever and axle-added, step-by-step drilling system according to claim 2, characterized in that... In step S1, the strata drilled by the drilling rig are rock strata; The slag treatment mechanism includes a mixing device, a crushing device, a slag suction system, a slag discharge system, and a grouting system; The mixing device includes a mixing tank and a mixing mechanism disposed on the mixing tank; a slag suction port disposed on the mixing tank is connected to the slag suction system, and a slag discharge port disposed on the mixing tank is connected to the slag discharge system; the grouting system is connected to the multi-functional drilling assembly and the vertical drilling device; the mixing mechanism includes a main gear and several auxiliary gears meshing with the main gear; the main gear is driven to rotate by a mixing motor or by the lower end of the vertical drill rod; a mixing main rotating shaft extending into the mixing tank is coaxially disposed on the main gear, and mixing blades are disposed on the mixing main rotating shaft; a mixing auxiliary rotating shaft extending into the mixing tank is coaxially disposed on the auxiliary gear, and mixing blades are disposed on the mixing auxiliary rotating shaft; The slag suction system includes a main slag suction pipe and vertical slag suction branch pipes and multi-functional slag suction branch pipes branching from the suction port of the main slag suction pipe. The suction head of the vertical slag suction branch pipe is connected to the vertical drilling device, and the suction head of the multi-functional slag suction branch pipe is connected to the multi-functional drilling device. Each suction head is equipped with a slag suction valve, and the pipe body of the multi-functional slag suction branch pipe is a telescopic pipe. The slag discharge system includes a slag discharge pipe and a slag discharge pump installed on the slag discharge pipe. The lower end of the slag discharge pipe is connected to the slag discharge port on the mixing tank. The grouting system includes a main grouting pipe and a grouting pump mounted on the main grouting pipe. The lower end of the main grouting pipe branches into a vertical grouting branch pipe and a multi-functional grouting branch pipe. The nozzle of the vertical grouting branch pipe extends into the vertical drilling device near the cylindrical drill assembly, and the nozzle of the multi-functional grouting branch pipe extends into the multi-functional drill assembly near the multi-functional drilling device. Each nozzle is equipped with a grouting valve, and the pipe body of the multi-functional grouting branch pipe is a telescopic pipe.

8. The mechanical hole-forming method for rectangular piles with a horizontal cantilever and axle-added, step-by-step drilling method according to claim 7, characterized in that... The vertical drilling device includes a U-shaped fork plate and a plurality of cylindrical drilling assemblies mounted on the U-shaped fork plate in a matrix arrangement. The U-shaped fork plate consists of a web plate, wing plates disposed on both sides of the web plate, and steel supports vertically welded to the web plate. Each cylindrical drilling assembly includes two cylinders, a motor driving the cylinders to rotate, a plurality of hobbing cutter assemblies spaced apart on the surface of the cylinders, and a plurality of reamer assemblies arranged between adjacent hobbing cutter assemblies. Each hobbing cutter assembly includes a hobbing cutter base and a ring of hobbing cutters fixed on the hobbing cutter base. Each reamer assembly includes a reamer base and reamers inclinedly fixed on the reamer base. The motor is fixed to the steel supports and drives the cylinders to rotate. The multi-functional drilling reaction frame includes a multi-functional hydraulic reaction plate, a multi-functional hydraulic upper side plate disposed at the upper end of the multi-functional hydraulic reaction plate, a multi-functional hydraulic lower side plate disposed at the lower end of the multi-functional hydraulic reaction plate, and multi-functional hydraulic side guard plates disposed on both sides of the multi-functional hydraulic reaction plate. The multi-functional hydraulic lower side plate is fixed to the vertical drilling device. The rear end of the cylinder of the rotating hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the multi-functional hydraulic reaction plate via a hinge seat. The rear end of the cylinder of the crank hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the multi-functional hydraulic reaction plate via a hinge seat. The rear end of the cylinder of the horizontal hydraulic cylinder is fixed to the multi-functional hydraulic reaction plate. The upper swing plate is semi-circular. The multi-functional drilling device includes a mounting frame and a plurality of multi-functional cylindrical drilling assemblies located on the mounting frame. The mounting frame is composed of a multi-functional drilling web and multi-functional drilling wing plates located on both sides of the multi-functional drilling web. Each of the multi-functional cylindrical drilling assemblies is arranged at intervals along the vertical surface and top surface of the mounting frame. The sliding connection between the lower swing plate and the bottom surface of the multi-functional drilling reaction frame refers to the following: a T-shaped groove is provided on the lower side plate of the multi-functional hydraulic system, a T-shaped slider is provided on the lower swing plate, and the T-shaped slider on the lower swing plate is assembled in the T-shaped groove of the lower side plate of the multi-functional hydraulic system to form a sliding connection.

9. A mechanical drilling method for rectangular piles with a horizontal cantilever and axle-added, step-by-step drilling technique according to claim 8, characterized in that... In steps S2 and S5, during the vertical drilling process of all the vertical drilling devices on the drilling rigs, the grouting valve at the nozzle of the multi-functional grouting branch pipe and the slag suction valve at the suction head of the multi-functional slag suction branch pipe are closed, while the grouting valve at the nozzle of the vertical grouting branch pipe is opened to continuously inject mud into the rock surface at the drilling site of the vertical drilling device. At the same time, the slag suction valve at the suction head of the vertical slag suction branch pipe is opened to suck the mixture of rock fragments and mud crushed by the vertical drilling device into the crushing device. The crushing device further crushes the sucked rock fragments and mud mixture and then sends it into the mixing tank for mixing. The slag discharge system continuously pumps the rock fragments and mud mixture from the mixing tank to the ground for collection and treatment. In step S3, during the process of the multi-functional drilling device on the drilling rig located near the haunch hole and the horizontal cantilever pile hole excavation section rotating outward to drill the rock strata to form the haunch hole, the grouting valve at the nozzle of the vertical grouting branch pipe and the slag suction valve at the suction head of the vertical slag suction branch pipe are closed, and the grouting valve at the nozzle of the multi-functional grouting branch pipe is opened to continuously inject mud into the rock surface at the drilling site of the multi-functional drilling device. At the same time, the slag suction valve at the suction head of the multi-functional slag suction branch pipe is opened to suck the mixture of rock fragments and mud crushed by the multi-functional drilling device into the crushing device. The crushing device further crushes the sucked rock fragments and mud mixture and sends it into the mixing tank for mixing. The slag discharge system pumps the rock fragments and mud mixture in the mixing tank to the ground for collection and treatment in real time. In step S4, during the process of the multi-functional drilling device being driven by the horizontal hydraulic cylinder on the drilling rig located near the axle hole and the horizontal cantilever pile hole excavation section to move horizontally outward and drill the horizontal cantilever pile hole, the grouting valve at the nozzle of the vertical grouting branch pipe and the slag suction valve at the suction head of the vertical slag suction branch pipe are closed, and the grouting valve at the nozzle of the multi-functional grouting branch pipe is opened to continuously inject mud into the rock surface at the drilling site of the multi-functional drilling device. At the same time, the slag suction valve at the suction head of the multi-functional slag suction branch pipe is opened to suck the mixture of rock fragments and mud crushed by the multi-functional drilling device into the crushing device. The crushing device further crushes the sucked rock fragments and mud mixture and sends it into the mixing tank for mixing. The slag discharge system pumps the mixture of rock fragments and mud from the mixing tank to the ground for collection and treatment in real time.

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