A functional sequential conversion water jet slotting system and method of use thereof

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of coal mine safety, and relates to a functional sequence conversion water jet cutting system and a use method thereof, comprising a high-pressure water pump, a high-pressure sealed drill rod and a water jet cutter; the high-pressure sealed drill rod is installed on a drilling machine, and the water jet cutter comprises a cutter body and a function conversion mechanism; the function conversion mechanism comprises a valve core, a function conversion slide way sleeve and an elastic member; the valve core is provided with n elastic guide columns; the function conversion slide way sleeve is provided with n independent groove subunits; the groove subunits have multiple groove positions connected by sinusoidal wave arc structures and form a cyclic connection structure; each groove position is provided with a step structure matched with the elastic guide columns; and the opening and closing of the high-pressure water is controlled by an overflow pressure regulating valve to realize the sequence conversion of the system functions. The present application solves the problems of low function conversion reliability and small water output of the drilling function of the conventional cutting system, and has the advantages of simple operation, high efficiency and wide application value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of coal mine safety technology and relates to a functional sequence conversion water jet slotting system and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] The permeability of coal seams in my country is generally low, posing a significant challenge to efficient gas extraction in coal mines. Furthermore, with increasing mining depth, the problems of high gas pressure, high ground stress, and low permeability in coal seams become more pronounced, significantly increasing the risks of excessive gas outbursts and coal and gas outbursts, thus becoming a major obstacle to safe and efficient coal mine production in my country. Hydraulic slotting technology can be widely applied to pressure relief and permeability enhancement in working faces of high-stress, high-gas, and low-permeability coal seams, and is an important technical method for efficient underground gas extraction and prevention of coal and gas outbursts in coal mines.

[0003] Waterjet kerfing systems are the equipment used to implement hydraulic kerfing technology, and the waterjet cutter is the key component of such systems. Conventional waterjet kerfing systems employ high- and low-pressure switching cutters. These conventional cutters use high-pressure water to drive a valve core to slide and seal the water flow channel, thus achieving closure of the water flow channel and meeting the integrated drilling and cutting functionality requirements of the kerfing system, which combines low-pressure water drilling with high-pressure water kerfing.

[0004] However, conventional waterjet slotting systems often have the following problems: (1) High-low pressure switching cutters generally only have two functions: drilling and slotting. The valve core translation method based on pressure control is difficult to achieve precise switching of multiple functions. (2) The function switching water pressure threshold of this type of design depends on the stiffness and deformation length of the return spring inside the cutter. Due to the characteristics of component processing accuracy and spring dispersion, the high-low pressure switching threshold is difficult to control precisely. In the field application, it is easy to encounter situations such as difficulty in switching functions or water volume fluctuations leading to unexpected switching, resulting in reduced work efficiency due to drilling withdrawal and maintenance. (3) Due to the setting of the high-low pressure switching threshold, the water flow rate allowed to pass through the cutter during drilling is limited, which restricts the applicable coal seam range and working conditions of integrated drilling and cutting. (4) Conventional designs are no longer able to meet the requirements of high precision and high reliability of intelligent hydraulic slotting technology for the waterjet function switching of the cutter. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a functional sequence switching water jet slotting system and its usage method, providing a multifunctional, precise and reliable high-pressure water jet slotting system and method for coal mine hydraulic slotting pressure relief technology, broadening the applicable engineering geological conditions of hydraulic slotting technology, and improving the working efficiency of hydraulic slotting technology.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A functional sequential switching waterjet slit cutting system includes a high-pressure water pump, a high-pressure sealing drill rod, and a waterjet cutter connected in sequence, wherein the high-pressure sealing drill rod is mounted on a drilling rig and driven by the drilling rig; The waterjet cutter includes a cutter body and a function conversion mechanism. The cutter body has a cylindrical cavity that accommodates the function conversion mechanism and m axial functional holes that communicate with the cylindrical cavity. The axial functional holes are arranged on the side of the cylindrical cavity near the front end of the cutter body. The side wall of the cutter body is provided with multiple radial holes that communicate with different axial functional holes. The radial holes are connected to nozzles, and the nozzles connected to each radial hole have different diameters. A drill bit is connected to the front end of the cutter body, and a drilling water passage is provided in the cutter body with one end communicating with the drill bit. The other end of the drilling water passage is connected to one of the multiple axial functional holes. The function switching mechanism includes a valve core, a function switching slide sleeve, and an elastic element. The valve core has a through circular hole. The function switching slide sleeve is fixedly installed in the inner cavity of the cylinder. The valve core is slidably installed in the function switching slide sleeve. One end of the elastic element is connected to the valve core, and the other end is connected to the end of the inner cavity of the cylinder that has an axial functional circular hole, so as to push the valve core away from the end of the inner cavity of the cylinder that has an axial functional circular hole. The outer wall of the valve core is provided with n radially extending elastic guide protrusions, and the inner wall of the function conversion slide sleeve is provided with sliding grooves that match the elastic guide protrusions. The sliding groove is composed of n independent groove sub-units arranged in parallel. Each groove sub-unit has 1 initial restoration slot, m functional slots and m-1 interval restoration slots. Different slots are connected by grooves with a sinusoidal arc structure to form a loop connection structure. The elastic guide post includes a pin and a compression elastic element. One end of the compression elastic element is fixedly connected to the valve core, and the other end is fixedly connected to the pin. The pin is inserted into the sliding groove, and each functional slot and the recovery slot has a stepped structure that cooperates with the elastic guide post. This allows the elastic guide post to slide clockwise or counterclockwise around the center of the groove sub-unit when it slides. When the elastic guide post slides between two adjacent functional slots, the sliding groove guides the valve core to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise. θ °, when the elastic guide protrusion slides from the initial restoration slot to an adjacent functional slot or from an adjacent functional slot to the initial restoration slot, the sliding groove guides the valve core to rotate ((m-1)*θ / 2)°, and the rotation direction is opposite to the rotation direction of the valve core when the elastic guide protrusion slides between two functional slots, wherein This allows for the cyclical switching of the functional slots, and the m axial functional holes surround the central arc of the valve core and are arranged in accordance with... θ The valve core is spaced at ° intervals so that each time the valve core abuts against the end of the cylindrical cavity connected to the axial functional hole, the valve core through hole is sequentially aligned with multiple axial functional holes.

[0007] Furthermore, a first central blind hole is provided at the front end of the cylindrical inner cavity, and a second central blind hole is provided at the end of the valve core near the first central blind hole. The two ends of the elastic element are respectively connected to the first central blind hole and the second central blind hole, and are movably connected to the first central blind hole and / or the second central blind hole.

[0008] Furthermore, the elastic element is a return spring, the compression elastic element is a compression spring, the step structure includes an inclined upward ramp along the sliding direction of the elastic guide protrusion and a step connected to the ramp and arranged downward, and the compression length of the compression spring matches the height of the step.

[0009] Furthermore, the function conversion slide sleeve is installed in the inner cavity of the cylinder by a fixing structure. The fixing structure includes a shoulder, an annular groove, and a retaining ring for holes installed in the annular groove, all arranged on the inner wall of the inner cavity of the cylinder. The two ends of the function conversion slide sleeve are respectively connected to the shoulder and the retaining ring for holes.

[0010] Furthermore, the function conversion slide sleeve and the cylindrical inner cavity are connected by an interference fit or a key, so that the function conversion slide sleeve and the cylindrical inner cavity are circumferentially fixedly connected.

[0011] Furthermore, an overflow pressure regulating valve, a real-time pressure and flow monitoring system, and a high-pressure rotating water tail are sequentially connected between the high-pressure water pump and the high-pressure sealed drill rod, and are connected in series through a high-pressure hose.

[0012] Furthermore, the real-time pressure and flow monitoring system includes a pressure gauge, a pressure sensor, a flow sensor, and a data acquisition and analysis instrument. The data acquisition and analysis instrument can collect, store, calculate, and display the pressure and flow data of the system's working water circuit and the correlation between the data in real time, and can also display the functional status of the slotting system.

[0013] A method for using a functional sequence switching waterjet slit-cutting system, comprising the following steps: a. When the high-pressure water is turned on, under the combined action of the high-pressure water flow and the sliding groove, the valve core slides and rotates towards the front end of the cutter body. The elastic guide protrusion enters the preset functional slot, and the front end of the valve core fits tightly with the front end of the cylindrical cavity. The axial through hole of the valve core is connected to any one of the m axial functional holes. The high-pressure water flows into the connected axial functional hole, and the other axial functional holes are blocked by the end face of the valve core. The water jet cutting system enters the preset functional state. b. When a function switch is required, the high-pressure water is shut off. Under the combined action of the elastic element pushing and the sliding groove guiding, the valve core slides and rotates towards the tail end of the cutter body. The elastic guide protrusion enters the interval restoration groove or the initial restoration groove, so that all axial functional round holes are in the open state. c. Re-enable the high-pressure water. Under the combined action of the high-pressure water flow and the sliding groove, the valve core slides and rotates towards the front end of the cutter body. The elastic guide protrusion enters the next set functional slot. The front end of the valve core fits tightly with the front end of the cylindrical cavity. The axial through hole of the valve core connects with the next sequential axial functional hole in the function conversion sequence. The remaining axial functional holes are blocked by the end face of the valve core. The water jet cutter enters the next sequential switching function state. d. By repeatedly controlling the opening and closing of high-pressure water, the sequential switching of multiple axial functional holes is achieved, thereby realizing the sequential switching of the functional state of the water jet slit cutting system.

[0014] Furthermore, there are three axial functional circular holes, two of which are connected to the first nozzle and the second nozzle respectively through radial circular holes, and the other axial functional circular hole is connected to the drill bit. The diameter of the first nozzle is larger than the diameter of the second nozzle, so that the first nozzle is used as a hole-enlarging nozzle and the second nozzle is used as a kerf cutter. The axial functional holes connecting the drill bit, the first nozzle, and the second nozzle are arranged sequentially along the rotation direction of the valve core when the elastic guide protrusion slides between two adjacent functional slots. This allows the sequential conversion of the water jet cutter's drilling-reaming-cutting functions to be achieved by controlling the opening and closing of the high-pressure water flow.

[0015] Furthermore, during the initial operation or restart of the waterjet slitting system, the functional status of the system is determined by comparing the magnitudes of the working pressures under the same flow rate. The determination is based on P. g >P k >P z The P g P k P z These represent the operating pressures of the system's water circuits under the functions of slotting, reaming, and drilling, respectively.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The present invention provides a functional sequence conversion water jet slit cutting system and its usage method. The cutter adopts a motion structure design that combines valve core translation and rotation to realize the opening and closing of water flow channels with different functions. The cutting system controls the opening and closing sequence of high-pressure water flow through an overflow pressure regulating valve to realize the sequential conversion of the system's drilling, hole enlargement and slit cutting functions.

[0017] The function switching of this invention does not rely on water pressure changes as in conventional methods. Instead, it achieves precise and reliable water jet function switching through axial movement of the valve core in conjunction with rotational switching of the function switching slide sleeve. This meets the function switching control requirements of intelligent hydraulic kerf cutting technology. Furthermore, this invention employs a sinusoidal sliding groove combined with a stepped structure and an elastic guide protrusion to ensure the stability and reliability of the unidirectional sliding of the elastic guide protrusion at different groove positions, thus guaranteeing the accuracy of function switching.

[0018] This invention allows for unlimited water flow in any functional state, such as drilling, reaming, and slotting. The integrated drilling, reaming, and slotting operation is applicable to all coal seam conditions and hole depths, significantly improving the efficiency of hydraulic slotting operations in coal seams. It is also simple to operate, highly efficient, and effective, with significant economic benefits and application value.

[0019] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination, or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a functional sequence switching waterjet slit-cutting system in one embodiment; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cutter body in the embodiment when no high-pressure water passes through; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cutter body in the enlarged hole state in the embodiment.

[0021] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the cross-section BB; Figure 5 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the interrupted surface AA; Figure 6 An enlarged schematic diagram of the guiding convex pillar structure; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the planar unfolded structure of the sliding groove in the embodiment; Figure 8 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of the functional slot structure.

[0022] Reference numerals: 111-High-pressure pump, 222-Overflow pressure regulating valve, 333-Real-time pressure and flow monitoring system, 444-High-pressure hose, 555-High-pressure rotary tailpipe, 666-High-pressure sealing drill rod, 777-Water jet cutter, 888-Drilling rig, 1-Cutter body, 2-Annular groove, 3-Function conversion slide sleeve, 4-Valve core, 5-Shoulder, 6-Cylindrical inner cavity, 7-Reset spring, 8-Axial functional hole, 9-Radial hole, 10-First nozzle, 11-Drill bit, 12-Cut Front end of the device: 13-Hole retaining ring, 14-Filter plate, 15-Elastic guide protrusion, 151-Pin, 152-Compression spring, 16-Valve core through hole, 17-Second center blind hole, 18-First center blind hole, 19-Second nozzle, 20-Drilling water passage, 21-Sliding groove, 22-Drilling function slot, 23-Breaking function slot, 24-Slit function slot, 25-Initial restoration slot, 26-First interval restoration slot, 27-Second interval restoration slot, 28-Step structure. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0024] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are schematic diagrams, not actual pictures. They should not be construed as limiting the invention. To better illustrate the embodiments of the invention, some parts in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged, or reduced, and do not represent the actual product dimensions. It is understandable to those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the drawings.

[0025] In the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, the same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," and "rear" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, they are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms used to describe positional relationships in the drawings are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0026] Please see Figures 1 to 8 This is a functional sequential switching waterjet slotting system, comprising a high-pressure pump 111, an overflow pressure regulating valve 222, a pressure and flow real-time monitoring system 333, a high-pressure hose 444, a high-pressure rotating water jet 555, a high-pressure sealing drill rod 666, a waterjet cutter 777, and a drilling rig 888 connected in sequence. The waterjet cutter 777, in conjunction with controlling the supply and shutdown of high-pressure water flow, can realize the opening and closing of different internal functional water circuits, and has the sequential switching characteristics of drilling, hole enlargement, and slotting, and is fixedly connected to the front end of the high-pressure sealing drill rod 666. The high-pressure sealing drill rod 666 is installed on the drilling rig 888 and is driven by the drilling rig to rotate and move forward and backward. The pressure and flow real-time monitoring system 333 and the overflow pressure regulating valve 222 are installed between one or more high-pressure hoses 444 connecting the high-pressure rotating water jet 555 and the high-pressure pump 111.

[0027] The real-time pressure and flow monitoring system 333 includes a pressure gauge, a pressure sensor, a flow sensor, and a data acquisition and analysis instrument. The data acquisition and analysis instrument can collect, store, calculate, and display the pressure and flow data of the system's working water circuit and the correlation between the data in real time, and display the functional status of the water jet slotting system.

[0028] The waterjet cutter 777 includes a cutter body 1, a first nozzle 10, a second nozzle 19, a drill bit 11, a function conversion mechanism, and a fixing structure. The cutter body 1 has a cylindrical cavity 6 that accommodates the function conversion mechanism and three axial functional holes 8 that communicate with the cylindrical cavity 6. The side wall has two radial holes 9 that communicate with two of the axial functional holes 8. The first nozzle 10 and the second nozzle 19 are respectively installed in the two radial holes 9. The tail end of the cutter body 1 is connected to a high-pressure sealing drill rod 666, and the drill bit 11 is threadedly installed on the front end 12 of the cutter body 1. A drilling water passage hole 20 is arranged at the front end of the cutter body 1, and the drilling water passage hole 20 is connected to another axial functional circular hole 8. The function switching mechanism includes a valve core 4, a function switching slide sleeve 3, and a return spring 7. The function switching slide sleeve 3 is installed in the cylindrical inner cavity 6 by a fixed structure. The valve core 4 is rotatably installed in the function switching slide sleeve 3 and slidably connected. One end of the return spring 7 is connected to the valve core 4, and the other end is connected to the front end of the cylindrical inner cavity 6 to limit the axial movement of the valve core 4.

[0029] Key references Figures 2-8 The cylindrical inner cavity 6 has a first central blind hole 18 concentric with it and three axial functional holes 8 distributed around the center at equal angles. The three axial functional holes 8 are respectively connected to water flow channels that realize different functions. The first central blind hole 18 is used to install the return spring 7. The valve core 4 is cylindrical. One end of the valve core 4 is provided with a second central blind hole 17 and an axially penetrating valve core through hole 16. The position of the second central blind hole 17 matches the first central blind hole 18 at the bottom of the cylindrical inner cavity of the cutter body. It is used to install the return spring 7. The return spring 7 is movably connected to the first central blind hole and / or the second central blind hole. The size and position of the valve core through hole 16 match the axial functional holes 8 at the bottom of the cylindrical inner cavity.

[0030] The valve core 4 is installed in the function conversion slide sleeve 3. Three radially extending elastic guide protrusions 15 are provided on the outer wall of the valve core 4. The elastic guide protrusions 15 are composed of pins 151 and compression springs 152. One end of the compression spring 152 is fixedly connected to the valve core 4, and the other end is fixedly connected to the pins 152, which can realize a certain amount of length extension and contraction of the elastic guide protrusions 15. The inner wall of the function conversion slide sleeve 3 is machined with sliding grooves 21 that match the elastic guide protrusions 15, so that the valve core 4 can rotate when it performs axial reciprocating motion, thereby realizing the connection between the valve core through hole 16 and different axial functional holes 8.

[0031] The sliding groove 21 is composed of n groove sub-units arranged in parallel, and each groove sub-unit consists of m functional slots, 1 initial restoration slot, and m-1 interval restoration slots. The number of functional slots in each groove sub-unit is equal to the number of axial functional holes 8. Different slots are connected by grooves with a sinusoidal arc structure, forming a cyclic connection structure. Each slot is provided with a stepped structure 28, so that when the elastic guide protrusion 15 slides in different functional slots in the sliding groove 21, it maintains a specific direction of sliding (cyclically sliding in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction within the groove sub-unit). Furthermore, when the valve core guide protrusion slides between two functional slots, the sliding groove guides the valve core to rotate in a specific direction (clockwise or counterclockwise). θ°, when the elastic guide protrusion slides from the initial restoration slot to the adjacent functional slot, or when the elastic guide protrusion slides from the functional slot adjacent to the initial restoration slot 25 to the initial restoration slot 25, the sliding groove guides the valve core to rotate in a specific direction (counterclockwise or clockwise) ((m-1)*). θ / 2 Furthermore, the rotation direction is opposite to the rotation direction of the valve core when the elastic guide protrusion 15 of the valve core slides between the two functional slots, thereby realizing the cyclical switching of the functional slots. ; and the m axial functional circular holes surround the central arc of the valve core and are arranged according to θ The axial functional holes are distributed at ° intervals, and all the axial functional holes are concentrated in a fan-shaped area with a certain angle range φ (usually φ≤120°). The position of the valve core through hole 16 matches the fan-shaped area, so that each time the valve core abuts against the end of the cylindrical cavity connected to the axial functional hole, the valve core through hole is sequentially aligned with multiple axial functional holes.

[0032] Specifically, the axial functional circular holes 8 are three in number and distributed at 40° intervals. The sliding groove 21 is composed of three independent semi-circular groove sub-units. Each groove sub-unit consists of three functional slots (drilling functional slot 22, reaming functional slot 23, and kerfing functional slot 24), one initial restoration slot 25, and two interval restoration slots (first interval restoration slot 26 and second interval restoration slot 27). Each slot is provided with a stepped structure 28, so that... When the elastic guide protrusion slides in different functional slots within the groove, it maintains a specific direction of sliding (sliding cyclically in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction within the groove subunit); and when the guide protrusion 15 of the valve core slides between three functional slots (for example, from the drilling functional slot 22 to the reaming functional slot 23), the valve core 4 rotates 40° counterclockwise; when the initial restoration slot 25 slides between the drilling functional slot 22 and the slit cutting functional slot 24, the valve core 4 rotates 40° clockwise.

[0033] like Figure 6-8As shown, the compression spring 152 is installed through a blind hole on the outer circumference of the valve core 4, and the depth of the blind hole is greater than the length of the compression spring 152, so that one end of the pin 151 is inserted into the blind hole, thereby ensuring the stability of the elastic guide protrusion 15. Secondly, the step height of the stepped structure 28 matches the compression length of the compression spring 152 to ensure that the elastic guide protrusion 15 always abuts against the sliding groove 21 and can smoothly pass through the stepped structure 28. Furthermore, the stepped structure 28 has a uniform orientation, and the stepped structure 28 includes sections along the elastic guide protrusion 151. 5. An upward-sloping ramp and a downward-sloping step connected to the ramp are provided to ensure that when the elastic guide protrusion 15 slides in different functional slots within the groove, it maintains a clockwise unidirectional sliding motion around the center of each groove subunit under the action of the step structure 28 and the sliding groove 21. This allows the elastic guide protrusion 15 to slide around the groove subunit for one revolution, and the valve core 4 rotates clockwise and counterclockwise at equal angles. This enables the valve core 4 to align its through-hole with multiple axial functional holes sequentially within a small range of rotation, thereby achieving sequential switching of water flow functions.

[0034] When fluid exceeding a predetermined limit value (i.e., pressure exceeding the elastic force of the return spring 7) is applied through the high-pressure water drill rod at the inlet of the function conversion mechanism, i.e. the tail end of the cutter body 1, the valve core 4 overcomes the elastic force applied to it by the return spring 7 and moves to the right, pressing against the bottom (right end) of the cylindrical inner cavity 6. After the high-pressure water is turned off, the valve core 4 moves to the left under the action of the return spring 7, thereby resetting.

[0035] The fixing structure includes a shoulder 5 arranged at the front end (near the drill bit 11) of the inner wall of the cylindrical cavity 6, an annular groove 2 arranged at the tail end, and a retaining ring 13 installed in the annular groove 2. One end of the function conversion slide sleeve 3 is fixed by the shoulder 5, and the other end is fixed by the retaining ring 13 installed in the annular groove 2 and the filter 14, thereby axially fixing the function conversion slide sleeve 3. Preferably, the function conversion slide sleeve 3 and the cylindrical inner cavity 6 are connected by an interference fit or a key connection so that the function conversion slide sleeve 3 and the cylindrical inner cavity 6 are circumferentially fixedly connected.

[0036] Furthermore, the first nozzle 10 and the second nozzle 19 installed in the two radial circular holes 9 on the side wall of the cutter body 1 have different diameters, namely, an enlarging nozzle and a slit-cutting nozzle, and the diameter of the enlarging nozzle is larger than that of the slit-cutting nozzle.

[0037] In another embodiment, the valve core 4 is cylindrical.

[0038] Application process in this embodiment: (1) Initial state: The elastic guide protrusion 15 is in the initial restoration groove position 25, and all axial functional holes 8 at the bottom of the cylindrical cavity 6 are in the open state; (2) Turn on the high pressure pump, adjust the overflow pressure regulating valve 222 and gradually increase the system working flow rate to the predetermined limit value (e.g., 20L / min). At this time, the valve core 4 inside the water jet cutter 777 moves to the right under the push of the high pressure water flow. Under the guidance of the guide protrusion 15 and the sliding groove 21, it rotates clockwise by 40°. The elastic guide protrusion 15 enters the drilling function slot 22. The axial through round hole 16 matches and connects with the axial function round hole 8 of the drilling water passage 20. The system is in the drilling function state.

[0039] (3) When a function switch is required, gradually adjust the overflow pressure regulating valve 222 to shut off the high-pressure water flowing into the system. At this time, under the combined action of the push of the reset spring 7 and the guidance of the sliding groove 21, the valve core 4 inside the water jet cutter 777 will return to its original position and rotate counterclockwise by 20°. The elastic guide protrusion 15 will enter the first interval restoration groove 26, and all the axial functional holes 8 at the bottom of the cylindrical inner cavity 6 will be in the open state. (4) Adjust the overflow pressure regulating valve 222 again and gradually increase the system working flow to the predetermined limit value. The valve core 4 moves to the right under the push of the high pressure water flow. Under the guidance of the guide protrusion 15 and the sliding groove 21, it rotates counterclockwise by 20°. The elastic guide protrusion 15 enters the hole expansion function slot 23. The axial through round hole 16 matches and connects with the axial function round hole 8 that connects to the second nozzle 19. The system is in the hole expansion function state. (5) When a function switch is required, gradually adjust the overflow pressure regulating valve 222 to shut off the high-pressure water flowing into the system. At this time, under the combined action of the push of the reset spring 7 and the guidance of the sliding groove 21, the valve core 4 inside the water jet cutter 777 will return to its original position and rotate counterclockwise by 20°. The elastic guide protrusion 15 will enter the second interval restoration groove 27, and all the axial functional holes 8 at the bottom of the cylindrical inner cavity 6 will be in the open state. (6) Adjust the overflow pressure regulating valve 222 again and gradually increase the system working flow to the predetermined limit value. The valve core 4 moves to the right under the push of the high pressure water flow. Under the guidance of the guide protrusion 15 and the sliding groove 21, it rotates counterclockwise by 20°. The elastic guide protrusion 15 enters the hole expansion function slot 23. The axial through round hole 16 matches and connects with the axial function round hole 8 of the first nozzle 10. The system is in the slit cutting function state. (7) When a function switch is required, gradually adjust the overflow pressure regulating valve 222 to shut off the high-pressure water flowing into the system. At this time, under the combined action of the push of the reset spring 7 and the guidance of the sliding groove 21, the valve core 4 inside the water jet cutter 777 will slide back and rotate 40° clockwise. The elastic guide protrusion 15 will enter the initial restoration groove 25, and all the axial functional holes 8 at the bottom of the cylindrical inner cavity 6 will be in the open state, returning to the initial state. (8) By repeatedly turning the high-pressure water off and on, the sequential switching of the cutter's drilling, hole enlargement, and kerf cutting functions can be achieved.

[0040] During initial system operation or restart, it is necessary to determine the current functional status of the system. This can be done by comparing the working pressure at the same flow rate to determine the functional status of the waterjet slit cutting system. The criterion for this determination is P. g >P k >P z In the formula P g P k P z These refer to the operating pressures of the high-pressure water circuit under the functions of slotting, reaming, and drilling, respectively. It should be noted that P is typically... g P k P z All are greater than the predetermined limit value.

[0041] The above application process is exemplified by the elastic guide protrusion 15 being located in the initial restoration slot 25 as the initial position, but it is not limited to this. The elastic guide protrusion 15 can also be used as the initial position for function switching when it is located in the first interval restoration slot 26 or the second interval restoration slot 27.

[0042] It should be noted that the above embodiment is a three-function cutting system of drilling, reaming, and kerf cutting. The sequence of function switching can be achieved by adjusting the connecting nozzle on the cutter body. Furthermore, the number of functions of the cutter can be adjusted by changing the number of axial functional holes at the bottom of the cylindrical cavity of the cutter. For example, reducing one axial functional hole changes the cutter to a two-function sequential cutter of drilling and kerf cutting, or a two-function sequential cutter of drilling and reaming. Alternatively, increasing the number of axial functional holes to four changes the cutter to a four-function sequential cutter of drilling, reaming, kerf cutting, and punching. It is important to note that when adding or removing axial functional holes, the groove sub-units in the sliding groove 21 should be adjusted accordingly to correspond one-to-one with the number of axial functional holes. Such variations are generally similar to the above embodiments and will not be described in detail.

[0043] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A functional sequence switching waterjet slit-cutting system, characterized in that: It includes a high-pressure water pump, a high-pressure sealing drill rod, and a water jet cutter connected in sequence. The high-pressure sealing drill rod is installed on the drilling rig and driven by the drilling rig. The waterjet cutter includes a cutter body and a function conversion mechanism. The cutter body has a cylindrical cavity that accommodates the function conversion mechanism and m axial functional holes that communicate with the cylindrical cavity. The axial functional holes are arranged on the side of the cylindrical cavity near the front end of the cutter body. The side wall of the cutter body is provided with multiple radial holes that communicate with different axial functional holes. The radial holes are connected to nozzles, and the nozzles connected to each radial hole have different diameters. A drill bit is connected to the front end of the cutter body, and a drilling water passage is provided in the cutter body with one end communicating with the drill bit. The other end of the drilling water passage is connected to one of the multiple axial functional holes. The function switching mechanism includes a valve core, a function switching slide sleeve, and an elastic element. The valve core has a through circular hole. The function switching slide sleeve is fixedly installed in the inner cavity of the cylinder. The valve core is slidably installed in the function switching slide sleeve. One end of the elastic element is connected to the valve core, and the other end is connected to the end of the inner cavity of the cylinder that has an axial functional circular hole, so as to push the valve core away from the end of the inner cavity of the cylinder that has an axial functional circular hole. The outer wall of the valve core is provided with n radially extending elastic guide protrusions, and the inner wall of the function conversion slide sleeve is provided with sliding grooves that match the elastic guide protrusions. The sliding groove is composed of n independent groove sub-units arranged in parallel. Each groove sub-unit has 1 initial restoration slot, m functional slots and m-1 interval restoration slots. Different slots are connected by grooves with a sinusoidal arc structure to form a loop connection structure. The elastic guide post includes a pin and a compression elastic element. One end of the compression elastic element is fixedly connected to the valve core, and the other end is fixedly connected to the pin. The pin is inserted into the sliding groove, and each functional slot and the recovery slot has a stepped structure that cooperates with the elastic guide post. This allows the elastic guide post to slide clockwise or counterclockwise around the center of the groove sub-unit when it slides. When the elastic guide post slides between two adjacent functional slots, the sliding groove guides the valve core to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise. θ °, when the elastic guide protrusion slides from the initial restoration slot to an adjacent functional slot or from an adjacent functional slot to the initial restoration slot, the sliding groove guides the valve core to rotate ((m-1)*θ / 2)°, and the rotation direction is opposite to the rotation direction of the valve core when the elastic guide protrusion slides between two functional slots, wherein This allows for the cyclical switching of the functional slots, and the m axial functional holes surround the central arc of the valve core and are arranged in accordance with... θ The valve core is spaced at ° intervals so that each time the valve core abuts against the end of the cylindrical cavity connected to the axial functional hole, the valve core through hole is sequentially aligned with multiple axial functional holes.

2. The functional sequence switching waterjet slit-cutting system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first central blind hole is provided at the front end of the cylindrical inner cavity, and a second central blind hole is provided at the end of the valve core near the first central blind hole. The two ends of the elastic element are respectively connected to the first central blind hole and the second central blind hole, and are movably connected to the first central blind hole and / or the second central blind hole.

3. The functional sequence switching waterjet slit-cutting system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic element is a return spring, the compression elastic element is a compression spring, and the step structure includes an inclined upward ramp along the sliding direction of the elastic guide post and a step connected to the ramp and arranged downward, and the compression length of the compression spring matches the height of the step.

4. The functional sequence switching waterjet slit-cutting system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The function conversion slide sleeve is installed in the inner cavity of a cylinder by a fixing structure. The fixing structure includes a shoulder, an annular groove, and a retaining ring for holes installed in the annular groove, all arranged on the inner wall of the cylinder. The two ends of the function conversion slide sleeve are respectively connected to the shoulder and the retaining ring for holes.

5. A functional sequence switching waterjet slit-cutting system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The function conversion slide sleeve and the cylindrical inner cavity are connected by an interference fit or a key, so that the function conversion slide sleeve and the cylindrical inner cavity are circumferentially fixedly connected.

6. A functional sequence switching waterjet slit-cutting system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-pressure water pump and the high-pressure sealed drill rod are connected in sequence by an overflow pressure regulating valve, a real-time pressure and flow monitoring system, and a high-pressure rotating water tail, and are connected in series through a high-pressure hose.

7. A functional sequence switching waterjet slit-cutting system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The real-time pressure and flow monitoring system includes a pressure gauge, a pressure sensor, a flow sensor, and a data acquisition and analysis instrument. The data acquisition and analysis instrument can collect, store, calculate, and display the pressure and flow data of the system's working water circuit and the correlation between the data in real time, and can also display the functional status of the slotting system.

8. A method of using a functional sequence switching waterjet slit-cutting system, characterized in that: The method of using a functional sequence conversion waterjet slit-cutting system according to any one of claims 1 to 7 specifically includes the following steps: a. When the high-pressure water is turned on, under the combined action of the high-pressure water flow and the sliding groove, the valve core slides and rotates towards the front end of the cutter body. The elastic guide protrusion enters the preset functional slot, and the front end of the valve core fits tightly with the front end of the cylindrical cavity. The axial through hole of the valve core is connected to any one of the m axial functional holes. The high-pressure water flows into the connected axial functional hole, and the other axial functional holes are blocked by the end face of the valve core. The water jet cutting system enters the preset functional state. b. When a function switch is required, the high-pressure water is shut off. Under the combined action of the elastic element pushing and the sliding groove guiding, the valve core slides and rotates towards the tail end of the cutter body. The elastic guide protrusion enters the interval restoration groove or the initial restoration groove, so that all axial functional round holes are in the open state. c. Re-enable the high-pressure water. Under the combined action of the high-pressure water flow and the sliding groove, the valve core slides and rotates towards the front end of the cutter body. The elastic guide protrusion enters the next set functional slot. The front end of the valve core fits tightly with the front end of the cylindrical cavity. The axial through hole of the valve core connects with the next sequential axial functional hole in the function conversion sequence. The remaining axial functional holes are blocked by the end face of the valve core. The water jet cutter enters the next sequential switching function state. d. The process is repeated, and the high-pressure water is turned on and off to achieve sequential switching of multiple axial functional holes, thereby achieving sequential switching of the functional states of the waterjet cutting system.

9. The method of using a functional sequence switching waterjet slit-cutting system according to claim 8, characterized in that: There are three axial functional circular holes. Two of the axial functional circular holes are connected to the first nozzle and the second nozzle respectively through radial circular holes. The other axial functional circular hole is connected to the drill bit. The diameter of the first nozzle is larger than the diameter of the second nozzle, so that the first nozzle is used as a hole-enlarging nozzle and the second nozzle is used as a kerf cutter. The axial functional holes connecting the drill bit, the first nozzle, and the second nozzle are arranged sequentially along the rotation direction of the valve core when the elastic guide protrusion slides between two adjacent functional slots. This allows the sequential conversion of the water jet cutter's drilling-reaming-cutting functions to be achieved by controlling the opening and closing of the high-pressure water flow.

10. The method of using a functional sequence switching waterjet slit-cutting system according to claim 9, characterized in that: During the initial operation or restart of the waterjet slit-cutting system, the functional status of the system is determined by comparing the magnitudes of the working pressures under the same flow rate. The criterion for this determination is P. g >P k >P z The P g P k P z These represent the operating pressures of the system's water circuits under the functions of slotting, reaming, and drilling, respectively.

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