Test apparatus and method for dynamic impact performance testing of shotcrete and anchor mesh support system

Abstract

This invention relates to a testing device and method for dynamic impact performance testing of a shotcrete-anchor-net support system. The device includes a main frame, a lifting and hoisting mechanism, a dynamic impact testing mechanism, a testing platform, and a monitoring mechanism. The lifting and hoisting mechanism is mounted on the main frame and hoists the testing platform. The dynamic impact testing mechanism is mounted on the main frame and provides the impact force required for the test. The testing platform includes a mold assembly, a support component to be tested, and casting accessories. The mold assembly is movably mounted on the main frame, and the support component and casting accessories are mounted within the mold assembly. The monitoring mechanism acquires data from the support component to be tested. The movable mold assembly allows for the simultaneous installation of multiple anchor bolts during use to achieve multi-point anchoring of the anchor mesh. Furthermore, the position of the mold assembly can be flexibly adjusted to adjust the anchor bolt spacing, adapting to different sizes of anchor mesh and simulating various anchor bolt installation methods in actual engineering projects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of underground rock engineering support testing equipment technology, and in particular to a test device and method for dynamic impact performance testing of shotcrete and anchor mesh support systems. Background Technology

[0002] As underground engineering continues to extend deeper into the Earth, the complex environment of deep underground spaces, characterized by high temperatures, high humidity, and high risk of disturbance, also emerges. Underground excavation projects often face geological hazards such as large deformations and high-energy rock bursts. The support system in underground engineering projects often serves as the last line of defense against these hazards, playing a crucial protective role. Strong dynamic disturbances directly impact the support system of underground engineering projects, causing deformation at best and failure at worst, leading to major safety accidents. This not only severely affects the normal production progress and project quality of underground engineering but also poses a serious threat to the lives of construction workers and the safety of equipment. Therefore, economical, effective, and reasonable support design and ensuring the support system fulfills its function are major challenges facing deep underground engineering. A thorough understanding of the support system's performance is key to solving this problem.

[0003] Looking at the relevant fields in China, research equipment for the support performance of support systems has been under development, but the number is limited. Furthermore, some studies focus solely on the mechanical performance of individual support components, neglecting the overall support performance of the system, while others consider overall support but offer limited simulation of support systems under actual engineering conditions. For example, the invention patent CN112903482A from China Coal Technology & Engineering Research Institute Co., Ltd., a multi-functional test bench for impact load testing of mining support materials, focuses on the mechanical performance of individual support components and can perform impact load testing on anchor bolts (cables), metal mesh, steel strips, and anchor bodies. The invention patent CN110274831A from Shandong University of Science and Technology, a comprehensive test device for testing anchor bolt (cable) support structures and anchoring system performance, can simulate on-site anchor bolt and anchor mesh combined support and perform anchoring system performance testing. The invention patent CN114383947A from China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing)... A dynamic-static coupling performance testing system for functional anchoring systems can test the mechanical properties of anchoring systems under dynamic-static coupling loading conditions. Shandong Jianzhu University's invention patent CN107941620A, "Mechanical Performance Testing and Evaluation Device and Method for Underground Engineering Anchor-Mesh-Shotcrete Support Structures," can perform loading and unloading tests on different types of anchor-mesh-shotcrete support structures, including single anchor rods, steel mesh, shotcrete, anchor rod + steel mesh combinations, anchor rod + shotcrete combinations, steel mesh + shotcrete combinations, or anchor rod + steel mesh + shotcrete combinations. However, none of these methods achieve a highly accurate representation of the overall performance testing function of a real shotcrete-anchor-mesh support system.

[0004] Therefore, in order to better study the support performance of underground engineering support systems, it is urgent to design a support system construction and shotcrete mesh support performance testing device that can accurately reproduce the actual engineering support system. This device would provide reliable testing equipment and data for support design in engineering environments such as deep underground extremely high ground stress, and provide strong support for the design of strong disturbance support systems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] (a) Technical problems to be solved

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings and deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a test device and test method for dynamic impact performance testing of shotcrete-anchor-net support system, which solves the technical problem that the existing test devices for dynamic impact performance testing of shotcrete-anchor-net support system cannot accurately reproduce the arrangement of anchor bolts under actual engineering support conditions.

[0007] (II) Technical Solution

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the dynamic impact performance testing device for the shotcrete and anchor net support system of the present invention includes: a main frame 100, a lifting and hoisting mechanism 200, a dynamic impact testing mechanism 300, a testing platform 500, and a monitoring mechanism 600.

[0009] The lifting and hoisting mechanism 200 is mounted on the main frame 100, and the lifting and hoisting mechanism 200 is capable of hoisting the test platform 500;

[0010] The dynamic impact testing mechanism 300 is mounted on the main frame 100, and the dynamic impact testing mechanism 300 can provide the impact force required for the dynamic impact performance test of the test platform 500.

[0011] The test platform 500 includes a mold assembly, a support component to be tested 530, and a casting attachment 540. The mold assembly is movably mounted on the main frame 100, the support component to be tested 530 is detachably mounted on the bottom end of the mold assembly, and the casting attachment 540 is detachably mounted on the mold assembly.

[0012] The monitoring mechanism 600 is used to acquire data on the impact of the dynamic impact testing mechanism 300 on the support component 530 under test.

[0013] Optionally, the main frame 100 includes a base 101, column feet 102, frame columns 103, frame beams 106, platform columns 104, column rail supports 105, frame beams 106, cap beams 108, a sliding channel, and multiple sets of force transmission slide rails 109.

[0014] The column base 102 is disposed on the platform 101, the end of the frame column 103 near the platform 101 is connected to the column base 102, the frame column 103 is connected to the frame beam 106, the lifting and hoisting mechanism 200 is disposed on the frame beam 106, and the dynamic impact testing mechanism 300 is disposed on the frame beam 106.

[0015] One end of the platform column 104 near the pedestal 101 is connected to the column foot 102. The top ends of adjacent platform columns 104 in the same vertical plane are connected by the cap beam 108. The two ends of the cap beam 108 are detachably installed in the adjacent platform columns 104.

[0016] The column rail support 105 is set on the platform column 104. One end of the force transmission slide rail 109 is fixed between the frame beams 106, and the other end of the force transmission slide rail 109 is connected to the platform column 104 through the column rail support 105. The sliding channel is formed between adjacent force transmission slide rails 109. The mold group is slidably installed on the force transmission slide rail 109. The force transmission slide rails 109 in the same group are located on the same horizontal plane, and the force transmission slide rails 109 in each group are parallel to each other and located on different horizontal planes.

[0017] Optionally, each of the multiple sets of force transmission slide rails 109 includes a pair of first force transmission slide rails and a pair of second force transmission slide rails;

[0018] The first force transmission slide rails in pairs are arranged in parallel, and the second force transmission slide rails in pairs are arranged in parallel. The first force transmission slide rails and the second force transmission slide rails are parallel to each other. The second force transmission slide rails and the first force transmission slide rails are located on the same horizontal plane, and the length of the second force transmission slide rail is less than the length of the first force transmission slide rail.

[0019] Optionally, the dynamic impact testing mechanism 300 includes an impact weight 310, a lifting device 320, and a guide frame 330;

[0020] The guide frame 330 is connected to the frame beam 106. The central axis of the guide frame 330 and the central axis of the lifting member 202 are located in the same vertical plane. The impact weight 310 can be connected to the lifting member 202. The impact weight 310 is detachably connected to the lifter 320.

[0021] Optionally, the impact weight 310 includes a weight rack 311, a weight 312, a locking wheel 313, and a protective cylinder 314;

[0022] The locking wheel 313 is connected to the weight rack 311, the weight 312 is installed between the weight rack 311 and the locking wheel 313, the bottom surface of the locking wheel 313 abuts against the weight 312, and the protective cylinder 314 is connected to the weight rack 311.

[0023] Optionally, the mold assembly includes an inner mold 510, an outer mold 520, and an anchor rod to be tested. The outer mold 520 is connected to multiple sets of the first force transmission slide rails, and the inner mold 510 is connected to multiple sets of the second force transmission slide rails. The anchor rod to be tested is detachably disposed in the inner mold 510 and the outer mold 520.

[0024] Optionally, the inner mold 510 includes an inner mold shell, a plurality of symmetrically arranged inner mold fasteners 512, a fixing beam 513, a pair of inner mold clamping plates 514, and a pair of track clamping plates 515.

[0025] The inner mold clamping plate 514 includes a first clamping plate and a second clamping plate that are detachably connected, and the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate are arranged in parallel. The track clamping plate 515 includes a first track clamping plate and a second track clamping plate that are detachably connected, and the first track clamping plate and the second track clamping plate are arranged in parallel.

[0026] The inner mold housing is detachably disposed in the sliding channel formed by a pair of adjacent first force transmission slide rails located on the inner side. The inner mold fastener 512 is connected to the inner mold housing. The inner mold fasteners 512, which are symmetrically arranged in the same horizontal plane, abut against each other. The fixing beam 513 is disposed between the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate. The first side of the fixing beam 513 abuts against the first clamping plate and the first track clamping plate. The second side of the fixing beam 513 abuts against the second clamping plate and the first side of the first force transmission slide rail. The second side of the first force transmission slide rail abuts against the second track clamping plate. The first clamping plate and the second clamping plate are connected.

[0027] Optionally, the outer mold 520 includes an outer mold housing, a plurality of symmetrically arranged outer mold fasteners 522, and a pair of arranged outer mold clamping plates 523;

[0028] The outer mold clamping plate 523 includes a detachably connected third clamping plate and a fourth clamping plate, which are arranged in parallel. The outer mold fastener 522 is connected to the outer mold housing. The outer mold housing is detachably disposed in the sliding channel formed by the adjacent first force transmission slide rail and second force transmission slide rail. Two outer mold fasteners 522 symmetrically arranged in the same horizontal plane abut against each other. The first side of the first force transmission slide rail abuts against the third clamping plate, and the second side of the first force transmission slide rail abuts against the fourth clamping plate. The third clamping plate and the fourth clamping plate are connected.

[0029] Optionally, the casting attachment 540 includes a top cover 541 and a bottom cover 542;

[0030] The multiple top covers 541 are respectively connected to one end of the inner mold 510 and the outer mold 520, and the multiple bottom covers 542 are respectively connected to the other end of the inner mold 510 and the outer mold 520.

[0031] Optionally, the lifting and hoisting mechanism 200 includes a hoisting beam 201, a lifting component 202, a pair of sliding supports 203, and a pair of transverse slide rails 204;

[0032] The frame beam 106 includes a first connecting beam, a second connecting beam, a third connecting beam, and a fourth connecting beam. The first connecting beam and the second connecting beam are a set of opposing connecting beams, and the third connecting beam and the fourth connecting beam are a set of opposing connecting beams.

[0033] The pairs of transverse slide rails 204 are respectively installed on the third connecting beam and the fourth connecting beam. The sliding supports 203 are installed one-to-one on the transverse slide rails 204. The two ends of the hoisting beam 201 are respectively connected to the pairs of sliding supports 203. The hoisting beam 201 is located between the first connecting beam and the second connecting beam. The lifting member 202 is slidably installed on the hoisting beam 201.

[0034] Optionally, the monitoring mechanism 600 includes a dynamic impact force monitor 610, a displacement monitor 630, an image acquisition device 640, a thermal energy monitor 650, and a data acquisition and display device 660.

[0035] The dynamic impact force monitor 610 is disposed at the bottom of the impact weight 310 or on the side of the support component 530 under test near the force transmission slide rail 109. The displacement monitor 630 is disposed on the pedestal 101 to monitor the displacement of the support component 530 under test. The image acquisition device 640 is disposed on the pedestal 101. The thermal energy monitor 650 is disposed on the support component 530 under test. The data acquisition and display device 660 are all connected to the dynamic impact force monitor 610, the displacement monitor 630, the image acquisition device 640, and the thermal energy monitor 650.

[0036] A method for testing the dynamic impact performance of a shotcrete-anchor-mesh support system, wherein the method is implemented based on the test apparatus for testing the dynamic impact performance of a shotcrete-anchor-mesh support system as described above, characterized in that the test method includes the following steps:

[0037] A test platform 500 is constructed, and a mold group is set up according to the test requirements. Concrete is poured into the mold group. After the concrete is fixed, the anchor rod to be tested is installed in the mold group. After the anchor rod to be tested is installed in the mold group, the mold group is installed on the force transmission slide rail 109. An anchor net can be hung on one end of the anchor rod to be tested in the mold group and concrete can be sprayed to form the support component 530 to be tested.

[0038] The dynamic impact testing mechanism 300 determines the impact area of ​​the dynamic impact test according to the position of the test platform 500. A guide frame 330 is installed in the vertical plane of the impact area. The guide frame 330 is connected to the frame beam 106. The lifting device 320 is connected to the lifting component 202. An impact weight 310 of corresponding weight is set and connected to the lifting device 320 according to the test requirements.

[0039] In the impact test, the impact weight 310 is hoisted onto the guide frame 330 by the lifting and hoisting mechanism 200. The central axis of the impact weight 310 coincides with that of the guide frame 330. The lifting device 320 releases the impact weight 310. The potential energy generated by the free fall of the impact weight 310 acts on the test support component 530 of the test platform 500. The monitoring mechanism 600 records the test data, and the impact test is completed.

[0040] (III) Beneficial Effects

[0041] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention provides a dynamic impact performance testing device for a shotcrete-anchor-net support system. The test platform 500 of this device contains a mold assembly that can simulate surrounding rock and simulate the anchoring effect of the surrounding rock mass. The mold assembly is movably mounted within the main frame 100, allowing it to simulate multi-point anchoring of the anchor mesh using multiple anchor bolts in actual engineering projects. It also allows for flexible adjustment of the spacing and arrangement of the molds within the assembly, adapting to anchor meshes of different sizes. Furthermore, the movably mounted mold assembly can simulate the anchor bolt arrangement in actual engineering projects by adjusting its position, such as staggered or rectangular arrangements, thereby simulating various anchor bolt arrangements under actual engineering support conditions. The dynamic impact testing device within this testing device provides the impact force required for dynamic impact testing, enabling simulation of the interaction between rockbursts, multi-level rockbursts, and "chain" rockbursts with the support system under deep, extremely high ground stress conditions. Furthermore, by flexibly changing the type of anchor bolts or anchor mesh, various tests can be carried out. By measuring the displacement and deformation of the support component 530 under test, the deformation and energy absorption performance of different anchor bolts, anchor meshes, and shotcrete anchor mesh support components under dynamic impact stress can be tested. Through the analysis of the test results, the impact resistance performance of different anchor bolts, anchor meshes, and shotcrete anchor mesh support components can be quantitatively evaluated, thereby providing technical support for the selection of support anchor bolts, anchor meshes, and shotcrete anchor mesh combined support systems used in underground engineering.

[0042] Furthermore, the dynamic impact performance testing device for the shotcrete and anchor mesh support system provides test conditions such as dynamic impact testing for the shotcrete and anchor mesh support system. At the same time, a static load pressurization mechanism can be added to the dynamic impact performance testing device for the shotcrete and anchor mesh support system to realize the static pressurization test of the shotcrete and anchor mesh support system. The two share the main frame 100, lifting and hoisting device, test platform 500 and monitoring system. Attached Figure Description

[0043] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the dynamic impact performance testing device for the shotcrete and anchor net support system of the present invention (the right-side retaining net is hidden in the figure);

[0044] Figure 2 This is a front view of the dynamic impact performance testing device for the shotcrete and anchor net support system of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 3 This is a right view of the dynamic impact performance testing device for the shotcrete and anchor net support system of the present invention (the right-side retaining net is hidden in the figure);

[0046] Figure 4 This is a top view of the dynamic impact performance testing device for the shotcrete and anchor mesh support system provided by the present invention;

[0047] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the main frame 100 of the dynamic impact performance testing device for the shotcrete and anchor net support system provided by the present invention.

[0048] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the lifting and hoisting mechanism 200 of the dynamic impact performance testing device for the shotcrete and anchor net support system provided by the present invention;

[0049] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the dynamic impact testing mechanism 300 of the dynamic impact performance testing device for the shotcrete and anchor net support system provided by the present invention.

[0050] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the impact weight 310 of the dynamic impact performance testing device for the shotcrete and anchor net support system provided by the present invention.

[0051] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the test platform 500 of the dynamic impact performance testing device for the shotcrete and anchor net support system provided by the present invention;

[0052] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the inner mold 510 of the dynamic impact performance testing device for the shotcrete and anchor net support system provided by the present invention.

[0053] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the outer mold 520 of the dynamic impact performance testing device for the shotcrete and anchor net support system provided by the present invention;

[0054] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the casting attachment 540 of the dynamic impact performance testing device for the shotcrete and anchor mesh support system provided by the present invention.

[0055] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the monitoring mechanism 600 for the dynamic impact test of the sprayed anchor net support system dynamic impact performance testing device provided by the present invention.

[0056] [Explanation of Labels in the Attached Image]

[0057] 100: Main frame; 101: Base; 102: Column base; 103: Frame column; 104: Platform column; 105: Column rail brace; 106: Frame beam; 107: Diagonal brace; 108: Cap beam; 109: Force transmission slide rail; 110: Safety netting;

[0058] 200: Lifting and hoisting mechanism; 201: Lifting beam; 202: Lifting component; 203: Sliding support; 204: Transverse slide rail;

[0059] 300: Dynamic impact testing mechanism; 310: Impact weight; 311: Weight rack; 312: Weight; 313: Locking wheel; 314: Protective cylinder; 320: Lifter; 330: Guide frame;

[0060] 500: Test platform; 510: Inner mold; 511: Inner mold half-mold; 512: Inner mold fastener; 513: Fixing beam; 514: Inner mold clamping plate; 515: Track clamping plate; 516: Inner mold bolt; 520: Outer mold; 521: Outer mold half-mold; 522: Outer mold fastener; 523: Outer mold clamping plate; 524: Outer mold bolt; 530: Support assembly to be tested; 540: Casting accessories; 541: Top cover; 542: Bottom cover; 543: Perforated pipe;

[0061] 600: Monitoring agency; 610: Dynamic impact force monitor; 630: Displacement monitor; 640: Image acquisition device; 650: Thermal energy monitor; 660: Data acquisition and display. Detailed Implementation

[0062] To better explain and facilitate understanding of the present invention, a detailed description of the invention is provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. In this document, directional terms such as "upper," "lower," etc., are used interchangeably with respect to... Figure 3 The orientation is used as a reference.

[0063] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this invention provides a dynamic impact performance testing device for a shotcrete-anchor-net support system. The device includes: a main frame 100, a lifting and hoisting mechanism 200, a dynamic impact testing mechanism 300, a test platform 500, and a monitoring mechanism 600. The lifting and hoisting mechanism 200 is mounted on the main frame 100 and is capable of hoisting the test platform 500. The dynamic impact testing mechanism 300 is mounted on the main frame 100 and provides the impact force required for the dynamic impact performance testing of the test platform 500. The test platform 500 includes a mold assembly, a support component 530 to be tested, and a casting attachment 540. The mold assembly is movably mounted on the main frame 100, the support component 530 to be tested is detachably mounted on the bottom of the mold assembly, and the casting attachment 540 is detachably mounted on the mold assembly. The monitoring mechanism 600 is used to acquire data on the impact of the dynamic impact testing mechanism 300 on the support component 530 to be tested.

[0064] In this embodiment, the dynamic impact performance testing device for the shotcrete-anchor-mesh support system utilizes a movable mold group within the testing platform 500. This allows the device to simultaneously install multiple anchor bolts to achieve multi-point anchoring of the anchor mesh during use. Furthermore, the position of the mold group can be flexibly adjusted to regulate the spacing of the anchor bolts, accommodating anchor meshes of different sizes. It can also simulate the staggered and rectangular arrangements of anchor bolts in actual engineering installations. The mold group, along with anchor bolts of different specifications, anchor meshes, and shotcrete within it, can simulate the construction of a realistic support component 530 to be tested. Moreover, the dynamic impact testing mechanism 300 can be replaced with a static load pressurization mechanism to perform static pressure tests on the shotcrete-anchor-mesh support system.

[0065] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, the main frame 100 includes a base 101, column feet 102, frame columns 103, frame beams 106, platform columns 104, column rail supports 105, frame beams 106, cap beams 108, a sliding channel, and multiple sets of force-transmitting slide rails 109. Column feet 102 are located at the end of the frame column 103 near the base 101 and connected to the base 101. The frame column 103 is connected to the frame beam 106. A lifting and hoisting mechanism 200 is mounted on the frame beam 106, and a dynamic impact testing mechanism 300 is mounted on the frame beam 106. The platform column 104 is located at the end of the frame column 103 near the base 101 and connected to the column feet 102. The frame column 103 is connected to the frame beam 106. The lifting and hoisting mechanism 200 is mounted on the frame beam 106, and the dynamic impact testing mechanism 300 is mounted on the frame beam 106. The feet 102 are connected, and the tops of adjacent platform columns 104 in the same vertical plane are connected by cap beams 108. The two ends of the cap beams 108 are detachably installed in the adjacent platform columns 104. The main frame 100 is also provided with diagonal braces 107, which are connected at a 45° angle between the frame columns 103 and the frame beams 106 to ensure the stability of the connection between the frame columns 103 and the frame beams 106 in the main frame 100. The column rail brace 105 is set on the platform column 104. One end of the force transmission slide rail 109 is fixed between the frame beams 106, and the other end of the force transmission slide rail 109 is connected to the platform column 104 through the column rail brace 105. A sliding channel is formed between adjacent force transmission slide rails 109. The mold group is slidably installed on the force transmission slide rail 109. The force transmission slide rails 109 in the same group are located on the same horizontal plane, and the force transmission slide rails 109 in each group are parallel to each other and located on different horizontal planes. The main frame 100 is also equipped with a safety net 110. The safety net 110 is arranged around the main frame 100 on three sides. The safety net 110 is connected to the frame beam 106 and the frame column 103 respectively to block the flying gravel of the dynamic impact performance test device of the shotcrete support system during the test, thereby improving the safety of the device and protecting the personal safety of the test personnel.

[0066] Each set of force transmission slide rails 109 includes a pair of first force transmission slide rails and a pair of second force transmission slide rails; the pair of first force transmission slide rails are arranged in parallel, the pair of second force transmission slide rails are arranged in parallel, the first force transmission slide rails and the second force transmission slide rails are parallel to each other, the second force transmission slide rails and the first force transmission slide rails are located on the same horizontal plane, and the length of the second force transmission slide rail is less than the length of the first force transmission slide rail.

[0067] In the above embodiment, a force-transmitting slide rail 109 is provided in the main frame 100. One end of the force-transmitting slide rail 109 is fixed between the frame beams 106, and the other end of the force-transmitting slide rail 109 is connected to the platform column 104 through the column rail support 105. The mold assembly is set on the force-transmitting slide rail 109, thereby enabling the mold assembly to move between the platform column 104 and the frame beam 106 to simulate the installation conditions in actual engineering. In a preferred embodiment, the force-transmitting slide rail 109 includes two pairs of parallel first force-transmitting slide rails and two pairs of parallel second force-transmitting slide rails. The first pair of first force-transmitting slide rails and the first pair of second force-transmitting slide rails are located on the same horizontal plane, and the second pair of first force-transmitting slide rails and the second pair of second force-transmitting slide rails are located on the same horizontal plane. Three sliding channels are formed between the first and second force-transmitting slide rails: an inner slide rail and two outer slide rails. The mold assembly is installed in the sliding channels. The column rail support 105 makes the hoisting of the mold assembly more convenient and faster, and transmits the force on the force transmission slide rail 109 to the platform column 104 through the column rail support 105. The end of the platform column 104 is equipped with a detachable cap beam 108 to enhance the stability of the platform column 104 and prevent the test platform 500 from shaking during the test. In this embodiment, the column rail support 105 is preferably a square cylindrical design with bolt holes around the perimeter, which can be fitted onto the platform column 104 and fixed with bolts. An extension plane is provided on one side of the top, which can serve as the connection plane of the force transmission slide rail 109. The two ends of the cap beam 108 are square, and the cap beam 108 is detachably connected to the platform column 104. When hoisting the inner mold 510 and the outer mold 520, the cap beam 108 is removed to ensure that the sliding channel is unobstructed and the hoisting process is smooth. After the mold assembly is hoisted, the cap beam 108 is installed on the platform column 104 to increase the structural stability of the main frame 100.

[0068] See Figure 6 and Figure 7 The lifting and hoisting mechanism 200 includes a lifting beam 201, a lifting component 202, a pair of sliding supports 203, and a pair of transverse slide rails 204; the frame beam 106 includes a first connecting beam, a second connecting beam, a third connecting beam, and a fourth connecting beam, wherein the first connecting beam and the second connecting beam are a pair of opposing connecting beams, and the third connecting beam and the fourth connecting beam are a pair of opposing connecting beams; the pair of transverse slide rails 204 are respectively installed on the third connecting beam and the fourth connecting beam, and the sliding supports 203 are installed one-to-one on the transverse slide rails 204; both ends of the lifting beam 201 are respectively connected to the pair of sliding supports 203; the lifting beam 201 is located between the first connecting beam and the second connecting beam; and the lifting component 202 is slidably installed on the lifting beam 201.

[0069] In this embodiment, the lifting and hoisting mechanism 200, through the slidably installed lifting member 202 and the sliding support 203 installed on the transverse slide rail 204, enables the lifting and hoisting mechanism 200 to simultaneously perform lifting in both the transverse and longitudinal directions, making the lifting and hoisting mechanism 200 flexible, convenient, and with a wide lifting range. In a preferred embodiment, the lifting member 202 is an electric hoist, which is small in size, lightweight, simple to operate, easy to use, and easy to install. The lifting member 202 can also be a winch. In this embodiment, an electric motor is provided on the sliding support 203, and the electric motor is slidably connected to the transverse slide rail 204. The sliding of the electric motor controls the sliding of the sliding support 203 on the transverse slide rail 204, and the sliding of the sliding support 203 on the transverse slide rail 204 drives the lifting beam 201 to move horizontally in the transverse direction.

[0070] like Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the dynamic impact testing mechanism 300 includes an impact weight 310, a lifting device 320, and a guide frame 330;

[0071] The guide frame 330 is connected to the frame beam 106. The central axis of the guide frame 330 and the central axis of the lifting member 202 are located in the same vertical plane. The impact weight 310 can be connected to the lifting member 202. The impact weight 310 is detachably connected to the lifting device 320. The impact weight 310 includes a weight frame 311, a weight 312, a locking wheel 313, and a protective cylinder 314. The locking wheel 313 is connected to the weight frame 311. The weight 312 is installed between the weight frame 311 and the locking wheel 313. The bottom surface of the locking wheel 313 abuts against the weight 312. The protective cylinder 314 is connected to the weight frame 311.

[0072] In this embodiment, the lifting device 320 is preferably a de-energized electromagnetic lifting device 320. When the electromagnetic lifting device 320 is not energized, it can maintain its suction force to prevent the impact object 310 from falling. When the device is energized, the electromagnetic lifting device 320 loses its suction force, and the impact object 310 falls. The use of a power-off electromagnetic lifter 320 can prevent the impact weight 310 from falling due to a sudden power outage during the test, thereby improving the stability and safety of the test device. Furthermore, the power-off electromagnetic lifter 320 can maintain suction for a long time without consuming electrical energy, effectively saving energy and improving economy. During the test, the impact weight 310 is detachably connected to the electromagnetic lifter 320 and is lifted to the top of the dynamic impact test impact zone by a lifting and hoisting device to provide the impact force required for the dynamic impact test. The guide frame 330 prevents the impact weight 310 from deviating from the predetermined trajectory due to external environmental influences during the test, further improving the stability of the dynamic impact test mechanism 300 and preventing damage to the device.

[0073] Furthermore, in the above embodiment, the impact weight 310 includes a weight frame 311, a weight 312, a locking wheel 313, and a protective cylinder 314. The weight frame 311 is an integral component, consisting of two opposing discs and a connecting shaft. The upper disc provides a suction surface for the lifting device 320, and the lower disc carries the weight 312 and has a threaded side. The connecting shaft connects the upper and lower discs and has a threaded shaft. The weight 312 is detachably connected to the weight frame 311 and adopts a disc-shaped opening design to facilitate the addition or removal of the weight 312, thereby increasing or decreasing the weight of the impact weight 310. The locking wheel 313 has a threaded inner ring and is coaxially threadedly connected to the connecting shaft of the weight frame 311. The weight 312 is tightened by threaded pressure. The protective cylinder 314 is wrapped around the weight frame 311, and has a threaded bottom in its inner cavity that is threadedly connected to the weight frame 311.

[0074] See Figure 9 The mold assembly includes an inner mold 510, an outer mold 520, and the anchor rod to be tested. The outer mold 520 is connected to multiple sets of first force transmission slide rails, and the inner mold 510 is connected to multiple sets of second force transmission slide rails. The anchor rod to be tested is detachably installed within the inner mold 510 and the outer mold 520. The support mechanism to be tested includes anchor rod and anchor mesh combined support and anchor spraying and mesh combined support.

[0075] In this embodiment, the number of inner molds 510 and outer molds 520 can be increased or decreased according to the actual needs of the use process. The anchor rods to be tested are detachably set in the inner molds 510 and outer molds 520 one by one. The interior of both inner molds 510 and outer molds 520 is hollow. Concrete can be poured into the shells of inner molds 510 and outer molds 520 to simulate the surrounding rock conditions in actual engineering. After the concrete has cured, the anchor rods to be tested are installed from the bottom of inner molds 510 and outer molds 520. According to the test requirements, inner molds 510 and outer molds 520 are set on the sliding channel formed by the force transmission slide rail 109 to form a test platform 500. The anchor heads of the anchor rods to be tested installed in inner molds 510 and outer molds 520 can be hung with anchor nets and shotcrete to form the support mechanism to be tested. In a preferred embodiment, the support structure to be tested is a combined anchor-shotcrete-mesh support. This combined support structure utilizes anchor bolts, shotcrete, and anchor mesh. It is suitable for unstable and poorly stable surrounding rock, as well as soft surrounding rock with moderate expansibility. Compared to traditional anchor-shotcrete structures, this combined support increases the integrity and bending, tensile, and shear strength of the shotcrete. This not only improves the support resistance of the shotcrete but also significantly enhances the crack resistance of the shotcrete layer, relatively reducing its thickness and improving its flexibility and airtightness. Simultaneously, the metal mesh within the shotcrete can prevent cracks caused by shrinkage or improper curing, resulting in a more uniform distribution of pressure within the shotcrete layer.

[0076] like Figure 10 , Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown, the inner mold 510 includes an inner mold shell, a plurality of symmetrically arranged inner mold fasteners 512, a fixing beam 513, a pair of inner mold clamping plates 514, and a pair of track clamping plates 515. The inner mold clamping plate 514 includes a first clamping plate and a second clamping plate that are detachably connected and arranged in parallel. The track clamping plate 515 includes a first track clamping plate and a second track clamping plate that are detachably connected and arranged in parallel. The inner mold shell is detachably disposed in a sliding channel located on the inner side formed by a pair of adjacent first force transmission slide rails. The inner mold fasteners 512 are connected to the inner mold shell. The inner mold fasteners 512 that are symmetrically arranged in the same horizontal plane abut against each other. The fixing beam 513 is disposed between the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate. The first side of the fixing beam 513 abuts against the first clamping plate and the first track clamping plate. The second side of the fixing beam 513 abuts against the second clamping plate and the first side of the force transmission slide rail 109. The second side of the force transmission slide rail 109 abuts against the second track clamping plate. The first clamping plate and the second clamping plate are connected.

[0077] The outer mold 520 includes an outer mold shell, a plurality of symmetrically arranged outer mold fasteners 522, and a pair of outer mold clamping plates 523. The outer mold clamping plates 523 include a third clamping plate and a fourth clamping plate that are detachably connected. The third clamping plate and the fourth clamping plate are arranged in parallel. The outer mold fasteners 522 are connected to the outer mold shell. The outer mold shell is detachably arranged in the sliding channel located on the outer side formed by the adjacent first force transmission slide rail and the second force transmission slide rail. Two outer mold fasteners 522 that are symmetrically arranged in the same horizontal plane abut against each other. The first side of the force transmission slide rail 109 abuts against the third clamping plate, the second side of the force transmission slide rail 109 abuts against the fourth clamping plate, and the third clamping plate and the fourth clamping plate are connected.

[0078] In this embodiment, the inner mold shell is composed of correspondingly connected symmetrical inner mold halves 511, and the outer mold shell is composed of correspondingly connected symmetrical outer mold halves 521. Both the outer mold halves 521 and the inner mold halves 511 are provided with anti-slip ribs to prevent relative displacement between the concrete inside the shell and the cylinder wall during the test, which could affect the accuracy of the test. The inner mold fastener 512 is detachably connected to the inner mold shell by bolts, and the outer mold fastener 522 is detachably connected to the outer mold shell by bolts. The outer mold clamping plate 523 is detachably mounted on the force transmission slide rail 109 by outer mold bolts 524, and the inner mold clamping plate 514 is detachably mounted on the force transmission slide rail 109 by inner mold bolts 516. Positioning grooves are provided on both the outer mold clamping plate 523 and the inner mold clamping plate 514, which facilitates installation and improves their stability after installation.

[0079] See Figure 12The casting attachment 540 includes a top cover 541 and a bottom cover 542; multiple top covers 541 are respectively connected to one end of the inner mold 510 and the outer mold 520, and multiple bottom covers 542 are respectively connected to the other end of the inner mold 510 and the outer mold 520. In a preferred embodiment, the casting attachment 540 further includes a perforated pipe 543, one end of which is connected to the bottom cover 542, and the other end of which is connected to and extends through the top cover 541.

[0080] The perforated pipe 543 is installed inside the inner mold shell and outer mold shell during concrete pouring of the inner mold 510 and outer mold 520. The perforated pipe 543 prevents molten concrete from being exposed and provides pre-drilled holes for subsequent anchor bolt installation. The perforated pipe 543 is removed after the concrete has been poured and set, leaving pre-drilled holes for anchor bolt connection. The perforated pipe 543 is used to pre-drill holes in the inner mold 510 and outer mold 520, eliminating the need for subsequent drilling, accelerating the installation of the test device, and improving efficiency. However, during the test, the perforated pipe 543 can be omitted during pouring, and an anchor bolt drilling rig can be used to install the anchor bolts to simulate the actual anchor bolt drilling process.

[0081] like Figure 13 As shown, the monitoring mechanism 600 includes a dynamic impact force monitor 610, a displacement monitor 630, an image acquisition unit 640, a thermal energy monitor 650, and a data acquisition and display unit 660. The dynamic impact force monitor 610 is installed at the bottom of the impacting heavy object 310 or on the side of the support component 530 under test near the force transmission slide rail 109. The displacement monitor 630 is installed on the base 101 to monitor the displacement of the support component 530 under test. The image acquisition unit 640 is installed on the base 101. The thermal energy monitor 650 is installed on the support component 530 under test. The data acquisition and display unit 660 is connected to the dynamic impact force monitor 610, the displacement monitor 630, the image acquisition unit 640, and the thermal energy monitor 650.

[0082] In this embodiment, the dynamic impact force monitor 610 is preferably an impact force sensor, installed at the bottom of the impact weight 310 or placed on the side of the support component 530 under test that is subjected to impact force. The impact force sensor is used to monitor the impact force provided by the impact weight 310. The dynamic impact force monitor 610 can also be a strain gauge force sensor. The displacement monitor 630 is preferably a laser displacement meter, which is set on the pedestal 101 to monitor the displacement of the support component 530 under test. The displacement monitor 630 can also be an inductive displacement sensor or a potentiometer displacement sensor. The image acquisition device 640 is preferably a high-speed camera, which is installed below the test platform 500 to acquire image information of the support mechanism under test during the test. The image acquisition device 640 can also be a scanner. The thermal energy monitor 650 is preferably an infrared thermal imager, installed on one side of the support component 530 under test below the test platform 500, for acquiring the thermal energy changes of the support component 530 under test. The data acquisition and display 660 includes a signal conditioner, a data acquisition card, and a computer, which are used to collect, summarize, and visualize the force, displacement, image information, and thermal energy changes of the support component 530 under test.

[0083] During the dynamic impact test, the impact weight 310 impacts the support component 530 under test. The dynamic impact force monitor 610 and the displacement monitor 630 process the force value signal and impact displacement signal at the moment of impact through the data acquisition and display 660, and transmit them to the computer for storage and analysis, so as to provide subsequent test data analysis and processing, thereby accurately analyzing the support performance of the support component 530 under dynamic impact force.

[0084] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0085] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0086] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that they are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," or "on top" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," or "beneath" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0087] In the description of this specification, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0088] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make modifications, alterations, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A test device for dynamic impact performance testing of a shotcrete and anchor mesh support system, characterized in that, The dynamic impact performance testing device for the shotcrete and anchor net support system includes: a main frame (100), a lifting and hoisting mechanism (200), a dynamic impact testing mechanism (300), a testing platform (500), and a monitoring mechanism (600). The lifting and hoisting mechanism (200) is mounted on the main frame (100), and the lifting and hoisting mechanism (200) is capable of hoisting the test platform (500). The dynamic impact testing mechanism (300) is mounted on the main frame (100), and the dynamic impact testing mechanism (300) can provide the impact force required for the dynamic impact performance test of the test platform (500); The test platform (500) includes a mold assembly, a support component to be tested (530), and a casting attachment (540). The mold assembly is movably mounted on the main frame (100), the support component to be tested (530) is detachably mounted on the bottom end of the mold assembly, and the casting attachment (540) is detachably mounted on the mold assembly. The monitoring mechanism (600) is used to acquire data on the impact of the dynamic impact testing mechanism (300) on the support component (530) under test; The main frame (100) includes a frame beam (106) and multiple sets of force transmission slide rails (109). The mold group is slidably installed on the force transmission slide rails (109). The force transmission slide rails (109) in the same group are located on the same horizontal plane. The force transmission slide rails (109) in each group are parallel to each other and located on different horizontal planes. The lifting and hoisting mechanism (200) includes a hoisting beam (201), a lifting component (202), a pair of sliding supports (203), and a pair of transverse slide rails (204). The multiple sets of force transmission slide rails (109) all include a first force transmission slide rail and a second force transmission slide rail; The first force transmission slide rails in pairs are arranged in parallel, and the second force transmission slide rails in pairs are arranged in parallel. The first force transmission slide rails and the second force transmission slide rails are parallel to each other. The second force transmission slide rails and the first force transmission slide rails are located on the same horizontal plane, and the length of the second force transmission slide rails is less than the length of the first force transmission slide rails. The mold assembly includes an inner mold (510), an outer mold (520), and an anchor rod to be tested. The outer mold (520) is connected to the force transmission slide rail (109), and the inner mold (510) is connected to the force transmission slide rail (109). The anchor rod to be tested is detachably disposed in the inner mold (510) and the outer mold (520). The inner mold (510) is disposed on the sliding channel formed by the pair of first force transmission slide rails, and the outer mold (520) is disposed on the sliding channel formed by the adjacent first force transmission slide rail and the second force transmission slide rail.

2. The dynamic impact performance testing device for bolting systems as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The main frame (100) also includes a pedestal (101), column bases (102), frame columns (103), platform columns (104), column rail braces (105), and cap beams (108). The column base (102) is disposed on the platform (101), the end of the frame column (103) near the platform (101) is connected to the column base (102), the frame column (103) is connected to the frame beam (106), the lifting and hoisting mechanism (200) is disposed on the frame beam (106), and the dynamic impact testing mechanism (300) is disposed on the frame beam (106). One end of the platform column (104) near the pedestal (101) is connected to the column foot (102). The top ends of adjacent platform columns (104) in the same vertical plane are connected by the cap beam (108). The two ends of the cap beam (108) are respectively detachably installed in the adjacent platform columns (104). The column rail support (105) is set on the platform column (104), one end of the force transmission slide rail (109) is fixed between the frame beams (106), and the other end of the force transmission slide rail (109) is connected to the platform column (104) through the column rail support (105). The sliding channel is formed between adjacent force transmission slide rails (109).

3. The dynamic impact performance testing device for bolting systems as claimed in claim 2, wherein, The dynamic impact testing mechanism (300) includes an impact weight (310), a lifting device (320), and a guide frame (330). The guide frame (330) is connected to the frame beam (106), the central axis of the guide frame (330) and the central axis of the lifting member (202) are located in the same vertical plane, the impact weight (310) can be connected to the lifting member (202), and the impact weight (310) is detachably connected to the lifter (320). The impact weight (310) includes a weight rack (311), weights (312), a locking wheel (313), and a protective cylinder (314). The locking wheel (313) is connected to the weight rack (311), the weight (312) is installed between the weight rack (311) and the locking wheel (313), the bottom surface of the locking wheel (313) abuts against the weight (312), and the protective cylinder (314) is connected to the weight rack (311).

4. The dynamic impact performance testing device for the shotcrete and anchor mesh support system as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The inner mold (510) includes an inner mold shell, a plurality of symmetrically arranged inner mold fasteners (512), a fixing beam (513), a pair of inner mold clamping plates (514) and a pair of track clamping plates (515). The inner mold clamping plate (514) includes a first clamping plate and a second clamping plate that are detachably connected, and the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate are arranged in parallel. The track clamping plate (515) includes a first track clamping plate and a second track clamping plate that are detachably connected, and the first track clamping plate and the second track clamping plate are arranged in parallel. The inner mold housing is detachably disposed in the sliding channel formed by a pair of adjacent first force transmission slide rails located on the inner side. The inner mold fastener (512) is connected to the inner mold housing. The inner mold fasteners (512) arranged symmetrically in the same horizontal plane abut against each other. The fixing beam (513) is disposed between the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate. The first side of the fixing beam (513) abuts against the first clamping plate and the first track clamping plate. The second side of the fixing beam (513) abuts against the second clamping plate and the first side of the first force transmission slide rail. The second side of the first force transmission slide rail abuts against the second track clamping plate. The first clamping plate and the second clamping plate are connected. The outer mold (520) includes an outer mold shell, a plurality of symmetrically arranged outer mold fasteners (522) and a pair of arranged outer mold clamping plates (523); The outer mold clamping plate (523) includes a third clamping plate and a fourth clamping plate that are detachably connected. The third clamping plate and the fourth clamping plate are arranged in parallel. The outer mold fastener (522) is connected to the outer mold housing. The outer mold housing is detachably arranged in the sliding channel formed by the adjacent first force transmission slide rail and the second force transmission slide rail. Two outer mold fasteners (522) arranged symmetrically in the same horizontal plane abut against each other. The first side of the first force transmission slide rail abuts against the third clamping plate. The second side of the first force transmission slide rail abuts against the fourth clamping plate. The third clamping plate and the fourth clamping plate are connected.

5. The dynamic impact performance testing device for the shotcrete and anchor mesh support system as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The casting attachment (540) includes a top cover (541) and a bottom cover (542). The multiple top covers (541) are respectively connected to one end of the inner mold (510) and the outer mold (520), and the multiple bottom covers (542) are respectively connected to the other end of the inner mold (510) and the outer mold (520).

6. The dynamic impact performance testing device for the shotcrete and anchor mesh support system as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The frame beam (106) includes a first connecting beam, a second connecting beam, a third connecting beam and a fourth connecting beam, wherein the first connecting beam and the second connecting beam are a set of opposite connecting beams, and the third connecting beam and the fourth connecting beam are a set of opposite connecting beams; The pairs of transverse slide rails (204) are respectively installed on the third connecting beam and the fourth connecting beam. The sliding supports (203) are installed on the transverse slide rails (204) one by one. The two ends of the hoisting beam (201) are respectively connected to the pairs of sliding supports (203). The hoisting beam (201) is located between the first connecting beam and the second connecting beam. The lifting member (202) is slidably installed on the hoisting beam (201).

7. The dynamic impact performance testing device for the shotcrete and anchor mesh support system as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The monitoring mechanism (600) includes a dynamic impact force monitor (610), a displacement monitor (630), an image acquisition device (640), a thermal energy monitor (650), and a data acquisition and display device (660). The dynamic impact force monitor (610) is located at the bottom of the impact weight (310) or on the side of the support assembly under test (530) near the force transmission slide rail (109). The displacement monitor (630) is located on the pedestal (101) to monitor the displacement of the support assembly under test (530). The image acquisition device (640) is located on the pedestal (101). The thermal energy monitor (650) is located on the support assembly under test (530). The data acquisition and display (660) are both connected to the dynamic impact force monitor (610), the displacement monitor (630), the image acquisition device (640), and the thermal energy monitor (650).

8. A method for testing the dynamic impact performance of a shotcrete-anchor-mesh support system, wherein the method is implemented based on the test apparatus for testing the dynamic impact performance of a shotcrete-anchor-mesh support system as described in claim 7, characterized in that... The testing method includes the following steps: A test platform (500) is constructed, a mold group is set up according to the test requirements, and concrete is poured into the mold group. After the concrete is fixed, the anchor rod to be tested is installed in the mold group. After the anchor rod to be tested is installed in the mold group, the mold group is installed on the force transmission slide rail (109). One end of the anchor rod to be tested in the mold group can be hung with an anchor net and sprayed with concrete to form the support component to be tested (530). The dynamic impact testing mechanism (300) determines the impact area of ​​the dynamic impact test according to the position of the test platform (500). A guide frame (330) is installed in the vertical plane of the impact area. The guide frame (330) is connected to the frame beam (106). The lifting device (320) is connected to the lifting component (202). An impact weight (310) of corresponding weight is set according to the test requirements and connected to the lifting device (320). In the impact test, the impact weight (310) is hoisted to the guide frame (330) by the lifting and hoisting mechanism (200). The central axis of the impact weight (310) coincides with that of the guide frame (330). The lifting device (320) releases the impact weight (310). The potential energy generated by the free fall of the impact weight (310) acts on the test support component (530) of the test platform (500). The monitoring mechanism (600) records the test data, and the impact test is completed.

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