Simultaneous multiple beam and multiple null beam optimization method and system for linear array antenna

Abstract

The application provides a linear array antenna simultaneous multi-beam and multi-null beam optimization method and system, comprising: a linear array antenna, which comprises: a single-layer dielectric substrate, a metal patch and a 50Ω single-feed coaxial feeding port; the top of the single-layer dielectric substrate is provided with the metal patch; the bottom of the single-layer dielectric substrate is grounded, and a circular hole is arranged on the ground surface, and the 50Ω single-feed coaxial feeding port is arranged at the position corresponding to the circular hole. The amplitude and phase corresponding to the port of the linear array antenna are controlled based on the excitation distribution of the linear array antenna, so that the real-time optimization of the beam shape of the array antenna is realized, and the real-time regulation and control of the multi-beam and the multi-null are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of antennas, and more specifically, to a method and system for optimizing multiple beams and multiple nulls in a linear array antenna. Background Technology

[0002] Antennas are a crucial component of wireless systems; all wireless systems and devices that transmit information via electromagnetic waves rely on antennas. Antenna null control is widely used in multi-user communication anti-jamming, global navigation satellite systems, radar detection, and information interception prevention. With increasing demands for wireless communication, to improve antenna utilization, it is desirable to point the main beam of the wireless system antenna towards the desired receiving terminal, while simultaneously adjusting the antenna nulls towards the direction of user eavesdropping or interference sources, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio and information security of the receiving terminal. For situations involving multiple interference sources and mobile terminal users, antenna control schemes that achieve multiple nulls and multiple beams have been proposed.

[0003] Conventional null-controlled directional antennas can be implemented using phased arrays, where the feed phase and amplitude of each element can be optimized to generate tamperable nulls. However, in certain real-world scenarios, rapid multi-null control is crucial for simultaneously suppressing multiple fast-moving interference signals from different directions or preventing random eavesdropping from multiple directions. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce virtual beam receiving antennas and null receiving antennas in advance, construct corresponding performance objective functions, and optimize their maxima using a genetic algorithm to obtain the corresponding excitation. Finally, by reconstructing the corresponding performance index function using the scattering parameters of the corresponding receiving antennas, rapid simultaneous multi-beam and multi-null control can be achieved.

[0004] A microstrip antenna is a typical type of antenna. Its structure generally consists of a dielectric substrate, a radiator, and a ground plane. It can be excited using microstrip lines or coaxial lines. Microstrip antennas are lightweight, small in size, and have a thin planar structure, making them suitable for conformal antennas. They are low-cost to manufacture and easy to mass-produce. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the purpose of this invention is to provide a method and system for simultaneous multi-beam and multi-null beam optimization of linear array antennas.

[0006] A linear array antenna according to the present invention includes: a single-layer dielectric substrate, a metal patch, and a 50Ω individually fed coaxial feed port;

[0007] The top of the single-layer dielectric substrate is provided with a metal patch; the bottom of the single-layer dielectric substrate is grounded, and a circular hole is provided on the grounding surface. A 50Ω coaxial power supply port is provided at the position corresponding to the circular hole.

[0008] Preferably, the metal patch is square.

[0009] Preferably, the single-layer dielectric substrate is a flame-retardant resin material, a composite material made of epoxy resin, filler, and glass fiber.

[0010] Preferably, the size of the metal square patch is 0.23λ0×0.23λ0, where λ0 is the operating wavelength with a center frequency of 2.45GHz.

[0011] According to the present invention, a method for simultaneous multi-beam and multi-null beam optimization of a linear array antenna is provided. Based on the excitation distribution of the linear array antenna, the amplitude and phase corresponding to the port of the linear array antenna are controlled to realize real-time optimization of the beam shape of the array antenna, and simultaneously realize real-time control of multiple beams and multiple nulls.

[0012] Preferably, by setting virtual receiving antennas and null receiving antennas at the beam pointing azimuth and interference source azimuth of the linear array antenna in the far field region, electromagnetic scattering parameters between the linear array antenna and the receiving antenna are extracted, a corresponding performance index function is constructed based on the electromagnetic scattering parameters, and the extreme value of the performance index function is optimized by a genetic algorithm to obtain the array antenna excitation distribution corresponding to the extreme value, thereby enhancing the electromagnetic signal reception capability and electromagnetic anti-interference capability in the target direction.

[0013] Preferably, the performance index function shown includes:

[0014]

[0015] According to the present invention, a linear array antenna simultaneous multi-beam and multi-null beam optimization system is provided. Based on the excitation distribution of the linear array antenna, the amplitude and phase corresponding to the port of the linear array antenna are controlled to realize the real-time optimization of the beam shape of the array antenna, and at the same time realize the real-time control of multiple beams and multiple nulls.

[0016] Preferably, by setting virtual receiving antennas and null receiving antennas at the beam pointing azimuth and interference source azimuth of the linear array antenna in the far field region, electromagnetic scattering parameters between the linear array antenna and the receiving antenna are extracted, a corresponding performance index function is constructed based on the electromagnetic scattering parameters, and the extreme value of the performance index function is optimized by a genetic algorithm to obtain the array antenna excitation distribution corresponding to the extreme value, thereby enhancing the electromagnetic signal reception capability and electromagnetic anti-interference capability in the target direction.

[0017] Preferably, the performance index function shown includes:

[0018]

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] 1. This invention proposes a method for simultaneous multi-beam and multi-null beam optimization design of a linear array antenna. By pre-simulating or measuring the antenna scattering parameters and considering communication and anti-interference requirements, the corresponding performance index function is constructed in real time. The maximum value is solved using a genetic algorithm, thereby achieving real-time control of the linear array antenna to form simultaneous multi-beam and multi-null beams. This enhances the signal of multiple mobile communication terminals and suppresses the signal interference of multiple mobile interference sources, improving the intelligent signal coverage capability of the wireless communication system and achieving RF energy saving in the wireless communication system.

[0021] 2. This invention controls the beam and null of the array antenna simultaneously by adjusting the amplitude and phase of the control unit, which has high flexibility and makes the array antenna more advantageous in communication anti-interference, satellite navigation, radar detection and other fields. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Other features, objects, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0023] Figure 1 This is a front view schematic diagram of the antenna element structure in a linear array antenna.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a side view schematic diagram of the antenna element structure in a linear array antenna.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the front structure of a linear array antenna used to achieve multiple beams and multiple nulls.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the reflection coefficient modulus |S11| of the antenna element.

[0027] Figure 5 It is the radiation pattern of the two-dimensional mode of the antenna element, divided into the xoz plane and the yoz plane;

[0028] Figure 6 It is a two-dimensional radiation pattern of a linear array antenna that simultaneously exhibits a single beam and a single null.

[0029] Figure 7 It is a two-dimensional radiation pattern of a linear array antenna that simultaneously exhibits a single beam and a single null.

[0030] Figure 8 It is a two-dimensional radiation pattern of a linear array antenna that simultaneously exhibits multiple beams and multiple nulls.

[0031] Figure 9 It is a two-dimensional radiation pattern of a linear array antenna that simultaneously exhibits multiple beams and multiple nulls. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments. These embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but do not limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several changes and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention. These all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] like Figure 1-3 As shown, a linear array antenna according to the present invention includes: a single-layer dielectric substrate 1, a metal patch 2, and a 50Ω individually fed coaxial feed port 3;

[0035] The top of the single-layer dielectric substrate 1 is provided with a metal patch 2; the bottom of the single-layer dielectric substrate 1 is grounded, and the hole etched on the grounding surface is a circular hole. A 50Ω coaxial feed port 3 is provided at the position corresponding to the circular hole. The amplitude and phase of each antenna element can be independently controlled by adding a 50Ω coaxial feed port.

[0036] Specifically, the material of the single-layer dielectric substrate 1 is similar to other common materials such as FR4. It is a flame-retardant resin material, a composite material made of epoxy resin, filler and glass fiber. The substrate has a dielectric constant of 4.4±0.3 and a loss tangent of 0.02±0.004.

[0037] Specifically, the single-layer dielectric substrate 1 has a length of 518 mm, a width of 88.3 mm, and a thickness of 1.6 mm.

[0038] Specifically, the bottom of the single-layer dielectric substrate 1 is grounded, and eight circular holes with a radius of 1.5 mm are etched on the grounding surface. Eight 50Ω independently fed coaxial ports are welded at the circular holes to control the amplitude and phase of the antenna.

[0039] The array antenna is fed by eight 50Ω coaxial feed ports, and independent feeding is beneficial for controlling the excitation distribution of the antenna.

[0040] Specifically, the coaxial port mainly consists of two parts: a coaxial probe with a radius of 0.6 mm and a signal transmission port surface with a radius of 1.5 mm.

[0041] Specifically, the metal patch 2 on the top of the upper substrate has a square structure, and the size of the patch is 0.23λ0×0.23λ0 (λ0 is the operating wavelength of the center frequency 2.45GHz).

[0042] The antenna array is composed of linearly arranged microstrip antenna elements, forming a one-dimensional linear array that facilitates control of the radiation direction.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] Example 2 is a preferred example of Example 1.

[0045] The present invention provides a method for simultaneous multi-beam and multi-null beam optimization design of a linear array antenna, comprising:

[0046] By controlling the amplitude and phase of the linear array antenna port based on the excitation distribution of the linear array antenna, the beam shape of the array antenna can be optimized in real time, and the multi-beam and multi-null control can be achieved in real time.

[0047] Specifically, by setting up virtual receiving antennas and null receiving antennas at the beam pointing azimuth and interference source azimuth of the linear array antenna in the far field region, electromagnetic scattering parameters between the linear array antenna and the receiving antenna are extracted. Based on the electromagnetic scattering parameters, a corresponding performance index function is constructed. The extreme value of the performance index function is optimized by a genetic algorithm to obtain the array antenna excitation distribution corresponding to the extreme value. The array antenna excitation distribution corresponding to the extreme value is the excitation distribution that forms the desired beam shape (forming a pointing beam in the direction of the virtual receiving antenna and forming a null in the direction of the null receiving antenna), thereby enhancing the electromagnetic signal reception capability and electromagnetic anti-interference capability in the target direction.

[0048] Specifically, the performance metric functions shown include:

[0049]

[0050] Example 3

[0051] Example 3 is a preferred example of Example 2.

[0052] This invention provides a method for optimizing the design of a linear array antenna with simultaneous multi-beam and multi-null beams. The method includes: introducing virtual beam receiving antennas and null receiving antennas in the far-field region of a designed 8-element linear array antenna, constructing a corresponding performance index function (R = sum of received power of beam receiving antennas / sum of received power of null receiving antennas), and optimizing its maximum value through a genetic algorithm, thereby achieving simultaneous multi-beam and multi-null beam control.

[0053] Specifically, the antenna feeding structure is independent, allowing different excitations to be applied to the ports, facilitating null and beam control.

[0054] Specifically, while achieving beam and null control, the antenna can still maintain the antenna element reflection coefficient modulus |S11| below -10dB at 2.45GHz.

[0055] Specifically, by pre-simulating or measuring the electromagnetic scattering parameters between the transmitting antenna and each receiving antenna element in the far-field region, a corresponding performance index function is constructed (R = sum of received power of beam receiving antennas / sum of received power of null receiving antennas). This function is then optimized using a genetic algorithm to obtain its maximum value, resulting in the corresponding excitation distribution and enabling simultaneous multi-beam and multi-null control. For example, it may be desired that the main beam points at 10° while the null points at -10°; alternatively, it may be desired that the main beam points at 0° and 30°, while the null points at -10° and -30°. For this antenna, beam and null control can be quickly achieved by selecting different virtual receiving antennas as the corresponding beam receiving antennas and nulls.

[0056] Example 4

[0057] Example 4 is a preferred example of Example 2.

[0058] This invention provides a method for simultaneous multi-beam and multi-null beam optimization design of a linear array antenna, comprising: pre-simulating or measuring the electromagnetic scattering parameters between the linear array antenna and each antenna element in the far-field region to construct a corresponding performance index function; optimizing its maximum value using a genetic algorithm to obtain the corresponding excitation distribution; and simultaneously achieving multi-beam and multi-null control. While controlling nulls and beams, the reflection coefficient modulus |S11| of the antenna array, i.e., the ratio of the signal strength reflected back to port 1 to the signal strength transmitted from port 1, is less than -10 dB.

[0059] like Figure 4 As shown, the reflection coefficient of the antenna array is |S11|, and the ratio of the signal strength reflected back to port 1 to the signal strength transmitted from port 1 is less than -10 dB at 2.45 GHz.

[0060] like Figure 5 As shown, the two-dimensional radiation pattern generated by the antenna elements in the linear array antenna at 2.45 GHz.

[0061] like Figure 6 As shown, when the linear array antenna operates at 2.45 GHz, it generates a single beam at an elevation angle of 10° and forms a single null at an elevation angle of -40°.

[0062] like Figure 7 As shown, when the linear array antenna operates at 2.45 GHz, it generates a single beam at an elevation angle of 30° and forms a single null at an elevation angle of -40°.

[0063] like Figure 8 As shown, when the linear array antenna operates at 2.45 GHz, it generates dual beams at elevation angles of 0° and 30°, and simultaneously forms dual nulls at elevation angles of -40° and -10°.

[0064] like Figure 9 As shown, when the linear array antenna operates at 2.45 GHz, it generates dual beams at elevation angles of 10° and 40°, and simultaneously forms dual nulls at elevation angles of -40° and -10°.

[0065] It can be concluded that: From Figure 4-9 This invention presents a method for optimizing the design of multiple beams and nulls in a linear array antenna. This method achieves: (1) rapid switching of null direction, enabling timely anti-interference measures upon detecting interference sources; (2) simultaneous generation of beams and nulls, improving antenna utilization and applicability; and (3) simultaneous control of multiple main beams and multiple nulls, achieving optimal beam design and control when facing multiple interference sources and multiple mobile terminal users. This method can be applied to various wireless system fields, such as satellite navigation, radar detection, and satellite communication.

[0066] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications (including other array antenna topologies) should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0067] Those skilled in the art will understand that, in addition to implementing the system, apparatus, and their modules provided by this invention in purely computer-readable program code, the same program can be implemented in the form of logic gates, switches, application-specific integrated circuits, programmable logic controllers, and embedded microcontrollers by logically programming the method steps. Therefore, the system, apparatus, and their modules provided by this invention can be considered a hardware component, and the modules included therein for implementing various programs can also be considered structures within the hardware component; alternatively, modules for implementing various functions can be considered both software programs implementing the method and structures within the hardware component.

[0068] Specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the essence of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be arbitrarily combined with each other.

Claims

1. A linear array antenna, characterized in that, include: Single-layer dielectric substrate, metal patch and 50Ω individually fed coaxial power port; The top of the single-layer dielectric substrate is provided with a metal patch; the bottom of the single-layer dielectric substrate is grounded, and a circular hole is provided on the grounding surface. A 50Ω coaxial feed port with separate power supply is provided at the position corresponding to the circular hole. Based on the excitation distribution control of linear array antennas, the amplitude and phase corresponding to the port of the linear array antenna are controlled to achieve real-time optimization of the beam shape of the array antenna, and at the same time, real-time control of multiple beams and multiple nulls is achieved. By setting virtual receiving antennas and null receiving antennas at the far-field beam pointing azimuth and interference source azimuth of the linear array antenna, electromagnetic scattering parameters between the linear array antenna and the receiving antenna are extracted. Based on the electromagnetic scattering parameters, a corresponding performance index function is constructed. The extreme value of the performance index function is optimized by a genetic algorithm to obtain the array antenna excitation distribution corresponding to the extreme value, thereby enhancing the electromagnetic signal reception capability and electromagnetic anti-interference capability in the target direction.

2. The linear array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The metal patch is square.

3. The linear array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The single-layer dielectric substrate is a flame-retardant resin material, a composite material made of epoxy resin, fillers, and glass fiber.

4. The linear array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The square metal patch has the following dimensions: ,in, The operating wavelength is 2.45 GHz with a center frequency.

5. A method for simultaneous multi-beam and multi-null beam optimization of a linear array antenna, characterized in that, Based on the excitation distribution control of linear array antennas, the amplitude and phase of the corresponding ports of the linear array antenna can be controlled independently. The amplitude and phase of each antenna element of the linear array antenna can be independently adjusted to achieve real-time optimization of the beam shape of the array antenna, and at the same time, real-time control of multiple beams and multiple nulls can be achieved. By setting virtual receiving antennas and null receiving antennas at the far-field beam pointing azimuth and interference source azimuth of the linear array antenna, electromagnetic scattering parameters between the linear array antenna and the receiving antenna are extracted. Based on the electromagnetic scattering parameters, a corresponding performance index function is constructed. The extreme value of the performance index function is optimized by a genetic algorithm to obtain the array antenna excitation distribution corresponding to the extreme value, thereby enhancing the electromagnetic signal reception capability and electromagnetic anti-interference capability in the target direction.

6. The method for simultaneous multi-beam and multi-null beam optimization of a linear array antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that, The performance metric functions shown include: 。 7. A system for simultaneous multi-beam and multi-null beam optimization of a linear array antenna, characterized in that, Based on the excitation distribution control of linear array antennas, the amplitude and phase of the corresponding ports of the linear array antenna can be controlled independently. The amplitude and phase of each antenna element of the linear array antenna can be independently adjusted to achieve real-time optimization of the beam shape of the array antenna, and at the same time, real-time control of multiple beams and multiple nulls can be achieved. By setting virtual receiving antennas and null receiving antennas at the far-field beam pointing azimuth and interference source azimuth of the linear array antenna, electromagnetic scattering parameters between the linear array antenna and the receiving antenna are extracted. Based on the electromagnetic scattering parameters, a corresponding performance index function is constructed. The extreme value of the performance index function is optimized by a genetic algorithm to obtain the array antenna excitation distribution corresponding to the extreme value, thereby enhancing the electromagnetic signal reception capability and electromagnetic anti-interference capability in the target direction.

8. The linear array antenna simultaneous multi-beam and multi-null beam optimization system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The performance metric functions shown include: 。

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