Method and device for controlling the loss of a multi-energy extracted beam from a synchrotron

Abstract

The application relates to a synchronous accelerator multi-energy extraction beam loss control method and device, wherein the method comprises the following steps: determining a plurality of energy intervals based on the energy range of the beam provided by the synchronous accelerator, wherein the area change of the phase-stable triangle corresponding to each energy interval can be independently designed; judging the energy interval in the plurality of energy intervals according to the energy range required in a preset period; triggering a trigger signal to trigger the beam to extract the system working extraction beam under the current energy platform, wherein when the extraction particle number of the energy platform reaches a preset threshold, the extraction is stopped, the next energy platform in the same period is switched to and the extraction is carried out, so that the beam of multiple energies is extracted in one cycle period. By dividing the energy range of the beam provided by the synchronous accelerator into a plurality of energy intervals, the area change of the stable triangle in each energy interval is independently designed, the extraction efficiency is guaranteed, and the extraction beam overflow can be effectively inhibited.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of accelerator technology, and in particular to a method and apparatus for controlling beam loss from multiple energy extractions in a synchrotron. Background Technology

[0002] A synchrotron is a device that uses a magnetic field to control charged particles in a high vacuum, guiding them along a fixed circular orbit, and then continuously accelerating them (energy-boosting) them to high energies under the influence of an electric field. To maintain the stability of the particle orbit during the energy-boosting process, the synchrotron needs to ensure that the magnetic field amplitude and the frequency of the high-frequency accelerating electric field change synchronously with the particle energy, ultimately producing a particle beam that provides various particle beams and radiation rays for basic scientific research, clinical medicine, and industrial production. Many applications of synchrotrons require particle beams of different energies. For example, in clinical medicine, synchrotrons control the position of the Bragg peak within the human body by repeatedly changing the energy of the particle beam, thus precisely covering the lesion site without damaging surrounding healthy tissue.

[0003] Traditionally, the method of extracting a beam from a synchrotron is called single-energy extraction. In single-energy extraction, the synchrotron can only extract a beam of a single energy within one cycle; switching the extraction energy can only be done between cycles. After the beam is accelerated to a certain energy, the frequencies of the magnets and high-frequency cavity are kept constant to ensure the particle energy remains constant. The beam is then extracted at this energy plateau. If a change in extraction energy is needed, the beam is accelerated to a new energy in the next cycle and extracted at the new energy plateau, and so on.

[0004] Because a single-energy beam is extracted from a single energy platform within each cycle of the synchrotron, extraction at a new energy level must be performed within a new cycle. Therefore, after extraction in each cycle, the magnetic field of the magnets needs to be reset to its initial value before the beam is re-injected and accelerated to the new energy platform. This results in a long energy switching time, requiring magnetic field reset and re-acceleration for each energy change. Furthermore, once the required number of particles for a particular energy level is reached within each cycle of the synchrotron, the remaining beam within the synchrotron is lost due to energy switching and cannot be utilized, leading to low beam utilization.

[0005] Related technologies have proposed the concept of multi-energy extraction, which provides multiple energy platforms for extraction within one cycle of synchrotron operation. The number of energy platforms is determined by demand, enabling the extraction of multiple energies in a single cycle, significantly reducing the time required to change the extracted beam energy and improving beam utilization. HIMAC employs a method of accelerating to high energy and then reducing it for extraction, while HIT uses a method of performing multi-energy extraction during acceleration.

[0006] In existing multi-energy extraction schemes involving energy reduction, the area of ​​the transverse stabilizing triangle remains constant at each energy extraction, but increases with each subsequent energy extraction. This is because particle transverse emittance increases as energy decreases. If the transverse emittance exceeds the area of ​​the stabilizing triangle at the next energy level, the particle will be extracted during the formation of the stabilizing triangle. This extraction beam has a higher current intensity than normal extraction, resulting in extraction overshoot. The phase space shape of the extraction overshoot differs from that of the normal extraction beam, and the beam intensity is uncontrollable, requiring careful consideration. To minimize extraction overshoot, the area of ​​the transverse stabilizing triangle needs to be increased for each subsequent energy extraction.

[0007] However, the relevant technology has the following drawbacks: if the area of ​​the stabilizing triangle changes too much with each energy reduction, the area of ​​the stabilizing triangle will become larger and larger as more energy is extracted, and the extraction efficiency will decrease; if the change in the area of ​​the stabilizing triangle is limited each time to ensure extraction efficiency, it cannot effectively suppress extraction overshoot, and needs to be improved. Summary of the Invention

[0008] This application is based on the inventor's knowledge and discoveries regarding the following issues:

[0009] Related technologies have proposed the concept of multi-energy extraction. In this approach, multiple energy platforms are provided within one cycle of synchrotron operation for extraction. The number of energy platforms is determined by demand, enabling the extraction of multiple energies in a single cycle. This significantly reduces the time required to change the extracted beam energy and improves beam utilization. Currently, there are experiments and reports on multi-energy extraction internationally, including methods such as accelerating to high energies and then de-energizing for extraction, and performing multi-energy extraction during acceleration.

[0010] In related technologies, changes in magnet strength or energy during extraction can reduce the beam emittance after extraction compared to before extraction, thus offsetting the increase in emittance caused by the next energy reduction and preventing extraction overshoot. This effectively suppresses extraction beam overshoot while ensuring stable beam position and extraction efficiency at the application end during extraction. However, considering practical medical scenarios, taking HIMAC multi-energy extraction as an example, the back-end treatment room is equipped with a respiratory gating system and a dose monitoring system. The respiratory gating system requires the extraction system to automatically switch on and off with the patient's breathing, and the dose monitoring system quickly stops extraction after detecting that the extracted dose has reached the treatment requirement. Therefore, with the intervention of these systems, the control logic of the magnet power supply becomes more complex, and the dose monitoring system may issue a stop extraction command before the magnet strength change is complete, causing extraction overshoot during the next energy reduction extraction.

[0011] Therefore, it is necessary to ensure high extraction efficiency while effectively suppressing beam overshoot and eliminating the need for magnet strength changes during extraction. This application provides a method and apparatus for controlling beam loss during multi-energy extraction in a synchrotron, to solve the technical problem in related technologies of effectively suppressing beam overshoot while ensuring high extraction efficiency.

[0012] The first aspect of this application provides a method for controlling beam loss from multiple energy extractions in a synchrotron, comprising the following steps: determining multiple energy ranges based on the beam energy range provided by the synchrotron, wherein the area change of the phase stability triangle corresponding to each energy range can be independently designed; determining the energy range within the multiple energy ranges based on the energy range required within a preset period; determining the number of platforms required within the preset period based on the energy range; triggering the beam with an extraction trigger signal under the current energy platform to extract the beam, wherein when the number of extracted particles reaches a preset threshold, extraction is stopped, and the system switches to the next energy platform within the same period for extraction, so as to extract beams of multiple energies within one cycle.

[0013] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the range of the plurality of energy intervals is greater than the energy range required within the preset period; the plurality of energy intervals overlap, and the overlap width is greater than the energy range required within the preset period.

[0014] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, a corresponding change curve of magnetic field, high-frequency cavity pressure, frequency, and phase is generated according to the number of platforms required within the preset period and the time of each platform; when running the change curve, the beam is accelerated to the corresponding target energy platform and then decelerated to a preset lower energy platform in sequence, so as to realize multiple energy platforms within one cycle.

[0015] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, before extraction, the high-frequency cavity pressure is reduced to a first preset value to reduce momentum dispersion of the extracted beam, and before energy reduction, the high-frequency cavity pressure is increased to a second preset value to reduce beam loss during energy reduction.

[0016] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, under the current energy platform, radio frequency excitation is applied during the extraction time period to excite the beam emissivity to increase.

[0017] A second aspect of this application provides a synchrotron multi-energy extraction beam loss control device, comprising: a first determining module, configured to determine multiple energy intervals based on the beam energy range provided by the synchrotron, wherein the area change of the phase stability triangle corresponding to each energy interval can be independently designed; a judging module, configured to determine the energy interval in the multiple energy intervals based on the energy range required within a preset period; a second determining module, configured to determine the number of platforms required within the preset period based on the energy interval in which the beam is located; and an extraction module, configured to extract a trigger signal to trigger the beam to extract the beam under the current energy platform, wherein when the number of extracted particles reaches a preset threshold, extraction stops, and the system switches to the next energy platform in the same period for extraction, so as to extract multiple energy beams within one cycle.

[0018] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the range of the plurality of energy intervals is greater than the energy range required within the preset period; the plurality of energy intervals overlap, and the overlap width is greater than the energy range required within the preset period.

[0019] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, it further includes: a generation module, used to generate corresponding magnetic field, high-frequency cavity pressure, frequency, and phase change curves according to the number of platforms required within the preset period and the time of each platform; and an acceleration module, used to accelerate the beam to the corresponding target energy platform and then decelerate it to a preset lower energy platform while running the change curves, so as to realize multiple energy platforms within one cycle.

[0020] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, it further includes: an energy reduction module, used to reduce the high-frequency cavity pressure to a first preset value before extraction to reduce momentum dispersion of the extracted beam, and to increase the high-frequency cavity pressure to a second preset value before energy reduction to reduce beam loss during the energy reduction process.

[0021] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, it further includes: an excitation module, configured to apply radio frequency excitation during the extraction time period under the current energy platform to excite the beam emissivity to increase.

[0022] A third aspect of this application provides an electronic device, including: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the synchrotron multi-energy extraction beam loss control method as described in the above embodiments.

[0023] A fourth aspect of this application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions for causing the computer to execute the synchrotron multi-energy extraction beam loss control method as described in the above embodiments.

[0024] This application's embodiments can determine multiple energy ranges and identify the energy range within which the system operates. Under the current energy platform, a trigger signal is emitted to activate the beam, enabling the system to extract the beam. By dividing the beam energy range provided by the synchrotron into multiple energy ranges and independently designing the area change of the stable triangle within each range, high extraction efficiency is ensured while effectively suppressing beam overshoot. Furthermore, no magnet strength change is required during extraction, simplifying control. This solves the technical problem in related technologies where it is difficult to effectively suppress beam overshoot while maintaining high extraction efficiency.

[0025] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0026] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0027] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a synchrotron multi-energy extraction beam loss control method according to an embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrating the energy extraction process when the conventional operating mode of a synchrotron is changed in a related technology.

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the layout of a XiPAF synchrotron according to an embodiment of this application;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a particle emission excitation process according to an embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 5 A resonance line diagram according to an embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the variation of the stable region area with extracted energy in different energy ranges according to an embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 7 This is a timing diagram illustrating the magnet, high-frequency operation, and triangle area change under a multi-energy extraction mode according to an embodiment of this application.

[0034] Figure 8This is a schematic diagram of the excitation signal and extracted beam during multi-energy extraction according to an embodiment of this application;

[0035] Figure 9 This is a flowchart of a synchrotron multi-energy extraction beam loss control method according to an embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a synchrotron multi-energy extraction beam loss control device according to an embodiment of this application;

[0037] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0039] The following description, with reference to the accompanying drawings, describes a method and apparatus for controlling beam loss in a synchrotron multi-energy extraction, according to embodiments of this application. Addressing the technical problem mentioned in the background art—the difficulty in effectively suppressing beam overshoot while ensuring high extraction efficiency—this application provides a method for controlling beam loss in a synchrotron multi-energy extraction. In this method, multiple energy ranges are determined, and the energy range within which the beam falls is identified. At the current energy platform, a trigger signal is used to trigger the beam to extract the system's working beam. By dividing the beam energy range provided by the synchrotron into multiple energy ranges and independently designing the area change of a stable triangle within each energy range, high extraction efficiency is ensured while effectively suppressing beam overshoot. Furthermore, no magnet strength change is required during extraction, simplifying control. Thus, the technical problem of effectively suppressing beam overshoot while ensuring high extraction efficiency in related technologies is solved.

[0040] Specifically, Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for controlling beam loss from multiple energy extractions in a synchrotron, as provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0041] like Figure 1 As shown, the synchrotron multi-energy extraction beam loss control method includes the following steps:

[0042] In step S101, multiple energy ranges are determined based on the beam energy range that the synchrotron can provide, wherein the change in the area of ​​the phase stability triangle corresponding to each energy range can be designed independently.

[0043] It is understandable that in related technologies, such as Figure 2 The process of switching energy extraction in a synchrotron, as shown, involves a particle beam in... Figure 2 The energy platforms Ea, Eb, and Ec, shown exemplary in the diagram and sandwiched between the dashed lines, are extracted from the synchrotron. After the beam is accelerated to a certain energy Ea, the frequencies of the magnet and the high-frequency cavity are kept constant to ensure that the energy of the particles remains constant. The beam is then extracted at this energy platform. If it is necessary to change the extraction energy, the beam is accelerated to a new energy Eb in the next cycle and extracted at the new energy platform, and so on. Figure 2 The energies Ea, Eb, and Ec in the beam fall within three synchrotron cycles, so it takes three synchrotron cycles for the extracted beam energy to change sequentially from Ea to Eb and Ec. If a beam with N energies is required, at least N synchrotron cycles are needed. To address the above problem, the synchrotron multi-energy extraction beam loss control method of this application can achieve a single synchrotron cycle. First, this application embodiment can determine multiple energy ranges based on the beam energy range that the synchrotron can provide.

[0044] Among them, such as Figure 3 As shown, taking the layout diagram of the XiPAF synchrotron as an example, Figure 3 The main components involved include a dipole (1), a quadrupole (2), a hexapole (3), a high-frequency accelerating cavity (4), a defocusing quadrupole (5), and a ring path (6). The dipole is used to deflect particles; the quadrupole is used for lateral focusing of the beam to maintain its lateral stability, and its strength determines the synchrotron's operating point; the hexapole forms a triangular phase-stabilizing region in the lateral phase space to constrain beam motion, used for extraction; the size of this triangular region is proportional to the square of the distance from the horizontal operating point of the beam to the one-third integer resonant line, and inversely proportional to the square of the resonant hexapole strength; the high-frequency accelerating cavity is used to accelerate and decelerate particles, and when the high-frequency frequency remains constant, it maintains longitudinal beam focusing.

[0045] The motion of a beam in a synchrotron can be described using a position-slope phase space. In the horizontal phase space, the phase diagram's x and x' coordinates represent the beam's position and divergence in the x-direction. When the particle's horizontal operating point approaches the one-third integer resonance line and a hexapolar magnetic field exists, a triangular-shaped phase-stable region forms in the horizontal phase space. When the particle's emittance is less than the area of ​​the phase-stable region, the particle's motion is stable (e.g., ...). Figure 4 As shown), when the emission of a particle is greater than the area of ​​the phase-stable region (e.g.) Figure 4(As shown) The motion of this particle is unstable; it moves outward along the boundary of the phase-stable region. Label 100 indicates a particle confined within the area of ​​the transverse phase-stable triangle, and label 100' indicates a particle escaping the area of ​​the transverse phase-stable triangle. Slow extraction utilizes this characteristic; by increasing the emittance of the excitation beam or by reducing the area of ​​the phase-stable triangle, particles are drawn from the stable region into the unstable region, achieving controllable particle extraction. The area of ​​the phase-stable triangle is inversely proportional to the square of the hexapolar magnetic field strength and directly proportional to the square of the distance from the horizontal operating point to the one-third integer resonant line. That is, the greater the hexapolar magnetic field strength, the smaller the stable region area; the greater the distance from the horizontal operating point to the one-third integer resonant line, the larger the stable region area.

[0046] The operating point refers to the frequency of free oscillation of particles in the lateral motion of a synchrotron. A resonance curve diagram can be obtained by plotting the horizontal and vertical operating points as the x and y axes, respectively. Figure 5 As shown in the diagram. The black dots represent the operating points of the synchrotron, and the lines represent resonance lines of different orders. In the slow extraction of third-order resonance, since third-order resonance only occurs in the horizontal direction, and the motion in the horizontal and vertical directions is not coupled, the third-order resonance line at this time is the vertical third-order resonance line in the diagram. Figure 5 The vertical line of Qx = 5 / 3, the distance from the horizontal working point to one-third of the resonance line is... Figure 5 The distance from the black dot to the vertical line. The working point is determined by the magnet focusing parameters and layout. Once the magnet layout is determined, the focusing parameters determine the working point. The greater the focusing quadrupole strength, the larger the horizontal working point; the greater the defocusing quadrupole strength, the smaller the horizontal working point, and vice versa.

[0047] Based on the structure described above, in actual implementation, for example, the energy range [Emax, Emin] that the synchrotron can provide can be divided into three intervals (the three intervals are only for illustration, and the actual number of intervals is not limited to three, but needs to be determined according to the specific situation) [Emin, E2], [E1, E4] and [E3, Emax].

[0048] It is important to note that in existing energy reduction and multi-energy extraction schemes, the area of ​​the transverse stabilizing triangle remains constant at each energy extraction, but increases with each subsequent energy extraction. This is because particle transverse emittance increases as energy decreases. If the transverse emittance exceeds the area of ​​the transverse stabilizing triangle at the next energy level, the particle will be extracted during the formation of the stabilizing triangle. This extraction beam has a higher current intensity than normal extraction, resulting in extraction overshoot. The phase space shape of the extraction overshoot differs from that of the normal extraction beam, and the beam intensity is uncontrollable, requiring careful avoidance. To minimize extraction overshoot, the area of ​​the transverse stabilizing triangle needs to be increased with each energy extraction. However, this method has the following drawbacks: if the area of ​​the stabilizing triangle changes too much with each energy reduction, the extraction efficiency will decrease as the extraction energy increases; if the change in the area of ​​the stabilizing triangle is limited to maintain extraction efficiency, it cannot effectively suppress extraction overshoot.

[0049] Therefore, overshoot suppression can be effectively achieved by independently designing the change in the area of ​​the phase stability triangle corresponding to each energy range.

[0050] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the range of multiple energy intervals is greater than the energy range required within a preset period; multiple energy intervals overlap, and the overlap width is greater than the energy range required within a preset period.

[0051] Furthermore, such as Figure 6 The diagram shows the change in the area of ​​the stable region within each interval as the extracted energy changes. The range of each energy interval must be greater than the actual range of energy to be extracted. Taking proton radiotherapy for tumors as an example, a single treatment typically requires a synchrotron to provide about 30 energy platforms, with an energy interval of about 2 MeV between different platforms. Therefore, the width of each energy interval must be greater than 60 MeV, that is, E2-Emin, E4-E1 and Emax-E3 must all be greater than 60 MeV (60 MeV is only an example and needs to be determined according to the actual situation). Figure 3 Different energy ranges need to overlap to a certain extent, and the overlap width must be greater than the actual energy range to be extracted. This design is to prevent the upper and lower limits of the required extraction energy range from not being in the same range. Otherwise, after energy reduction, the beam emittance will exceed the usable stable region area, resulting in extraction overshoot. Taking the above proton tumor therapy parameters as an example, E2-E1 and E4-E3 need to be greater than 60 MeV. If the actual energy range to be extracted happens to fall within the overlap region, the parameters of both energy ranges can be selected, and the beam emittance will not exceed the usable stable region area after energy reduction. Figure 6The range of stable region area variation in different energy ranges does not necessarily need to be the same. The figure is only for illustrative purposes. In practice, the appropriate range of stable region area variation should be selected based on the trend of extraction efficiency with stable region area variation, taking into account the magnitude of extraction overshoot and the level of extraction efficiency.

[0052] The timing diagrams of the magnets within each energy range, the changes in the stable region area, and the operation of the high-frequency cavity voltage are shown below. Figure 7 As shown, Figure 7 There are three energy platforms within one cycle (this is for illustrative purposes only; the actual number of energy platforms is not limited to three). Under the synchronous change of the high-frequency frequency and the dipolar ferromagnetic field, the beam is first accelerated from the injected energy to energy Ea. Then, the dipolar ferromagnetic field and the high-frequency frequency remain unchanged, and the beam energy is also kept at Ea, forming the first energy platform. Subsequently, within the same cycle, the beam energy is decelerated to Eb and Ec, forming the other two energy platforms. The time of each energy platform cannot be used entirely for extraction; the initial and final stages of the platform are used for pre-extraction preparation and energy reduction preparation, respectively.

[0053] To reduce momentum dispersion in the extracted beam, the voltage of the high-frequency accelerating cavity needs to be reduced to a low value before extraction, and the cavity voltage is maintained at this value during extraction (for example, in XiPAF, at a proton energy of 60 MeV, reducing the high-frequency cavity voltage to 100V reduces the maximum momentum dispersion of the beam to 0.1%). To reduce longitudinal losses during the beam reduction to the next energy level, the high-frequency cavity voltage needs to be raised to a higher value before energy reduction and maintained at this voltage value during energy reduction (for example, in XiPAF, when the high-frequency cavity voltage is above 500V, there is virtually no beam loss during energy reduction). To reduce beam loss caused by transverse forces during energy reduction, the area of ​​the triangular phase stabilization region needs to be expanded before energy reduction. Therefore, the quadrupole magnet and hexapole magnet need to be modified accordingly. The normalized intensity of the focusing quadrupole magnet is increased (or the normalized intensity of the defocusing quadrupole magnet is decreased) so that the horizontal operating point is far away from the resonance line before energy reduction. The normalized intensity of the hexapole magnet is decreased. After energy reduction, before the next energy extraction, the intensity of the focusing quadrupole magnet needs to decrease and the normalized intensity of the hexapole magnet needs to increase to reduce the area of ​​the triangle in preparation for extraction.

[0054] In summary, to reduce momentum dispersion of the extracted beam and beam loss during energy reduction, there is a process of high-frequency cavity pressure fluctuation and changes in the strength of the tetrapole and hexapole iron before and after energy reduction. Figure 7Taking the extraction of the first energy Ea and the extraction of the next energy Eb as an example, there are three processes: First, the preparation process before deceleration and energy reduction. At this time, the beam energy has not changed and the dipole magnetic field does not need to change. In order to prepare for subsequent deceleration, the voltage of the high-frequency accelerating cavity needs to be increased to a higher voltage. At the same time, the intensity of the focusing quadrupole increases so that the operating point is far away from the third-order resonance line, and the intensity of the hexapole decreases to 0 to increase the area of ​​the stabilizing triangle and reduce beam loss. The second process is the deceleration and energy reduction process. In this process, the beam energy is reduced to Eb, the intensity of the dipole magnetic field decreases according to a specified curve, the frequency of the high-frequency accelerating cavity changes synchronously with the dipole, the voltage of the high-frequency accelerating cavity remains unchanged, the quadrupole and the dipole change synchronously with each other to keep the operating point unchanged during deceleration, and the intensity of the hexapole remains unchanged at 0.

[0055] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the stable triangle area experienced by the beam itself remains unchanged during extraction, eliminating the need to change the magnet strength. The beam energy range provided by the accelerator is divided into multiple smaller energy intervals, and the change in the stable triangle area within each energy interval can be designed independently. With the high extraction efficiency stable region area remaining constant, the smaller energy interval (requiring fewer extraction energy platforms) allows for a larger stable triangle area when transitioning from one energy platform to the next, compared to the undivided case, thus suppressing extraction overshoot. The more energy partitions, the fewer energy platforms corresponding to the high-efficiency stable region area, and the larger the stable region area can be designed when transitioning to the next energy platform, theoretically achieving complete avoidance of extraction overshoot. It should be noted that a larger number of energy partitions leads to more overlapping platforms in different intervals, increasing the design and beam debugging time before operation. Therefore, the specific number of partitions must be determined based on actual circumstances.

[0056] In step S102, the energy range in which the product is located is determined based on the energy range required within the preset period.

[0057] As one possible implementation method, embodiments of this application can determine the energy range it belongs to based on the energy range required within a cycle, switch the database of the corresponding range, so as to subsequently determine the corresponding number of platforms and the change curves corresponding to each platform, thereby ensuring high extraction efficiency while effectively suppressing the overshoot of the extracted beam.

[0058] The preset period can be set by those skilled in the art, and no specific restrictions are imposed here.

[0059] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, a corresponding change curve of magnetic field, high-frequency cavity pressure, frequency, and phase is generated according to the number of platforms required within a preset period and the time of each platform; when running the change curve, the beam is accelerated to the corresponding target energy platform and then decelerated to a preset lower energy platform in sequence, so as to realize multiple energy platforms within one cycle.

[0060] In some embodiments, the present application can generate corresponding curves of magnetic field, high-frequency cavity pressure, frequency, and phase variation based on the number of platforms required in one cycle and the time of each platform, so as to control the beam according to the curves of variation, thereby realizing multiple energy platforms in one cycle.

[0061] In actual implementation, the magnetic field change curve of the magnet is generated as follows:

[0062] Input the number of energy platforms required in one cycle and the time for each platform;

[0063] Calculate the magnet strength corresponding to the two, four, and six pole iron of each energy platform based on the energy of each energy platform;

[0064] The magnetic field of each energy platform remains at a fixed value. The length of the platform is determined according to the required time. The two energy platforms are connected by a transition curve to obtain a complete curve.

[0065] The preset fixed values ​​can be set by those skilled in the art, and no specific restrictions are imposed here.

[0066] The transition curve differs for different magnets:

[0067] For the preparation stage before deceleration and energy reduction of the dipole iron, the magnetic field does not need to be changed. During the deceleration and energy reduction period, the magnetic field decreases according to a certain curve, namely the first preset curve (the form of the curve change will be explained later). After the energy reduction is completed, the magnetic field does not need to be changed before the extraction.

[0068] For the focused quadrupole, the magnetic field rises according to a certain curve during the preparation stage before deceleration and energy reduction, namely the second preset curve. The target value of the rise is determined by the operating point. During the deceleration and energy reduction, the magnetic field and the dipole change synchronously in proportion. After the energy reduction is completed and before extraction, the magnetic field falls according to a certain curve. The target value of the fall is determined by the extraction operating point.

[0069] For a hexapolar iron, the magnetic field drops to 0 during the preparation stage before deceleration and energy reduction, remains at 0 during deceleration and energy reduction, and rises to the target value before extraction after energy reduction. The target value is determined by the size of the triangle area and the extraction point.

[0070] The rising and falling patterns of a curve can be described by the following formula.

[0071]

[0072] Among them, B i B is the initial magnetic field value. f T represents the magnetic field value at the end of the curve. r For the time variation, this formula only provides a specific form of curve variation, but it does not restrict that only this form of variation can be used. Theoretically, any curve with a smooth transition is acceptable.

[0073] As one possible approach, the frequency curve of the high-frequency accelerating cavity can be obtained by proportionally converting the magnetic field curve of the dipole.

[0074] The formula for converting the frequency from the dipole ferromagnetic field to the high-frequency accelerating cavity is as follows:

[0075]

[0076] Where B(t) is the magnetic field of the dipolar iron, ρ is the deflection radius of the dipolar iron, c is the speed of light in vacuum, e is the charge of the proton, E0 is the rest energy of the proton, and R is the equivalent radius of the synchrotron ring. The formula for calculating the phase curve of the high-frequency accelerating cavity is as follows:

[0077]

[0078] Where V(T) is the high-frequency voltage, The rate of change of the polarimetric magnetic field with time is given.

[0079] In some embodiments, the voltage curve can be obtained in the following form, where the voltage remains the same at each energy plateau and the two energy plateaus are connected by a transition curve to obtain a complete curve.

[0080] The transition curve consists of three parts: during the preparation stage before deceleration and energy reduction, the voltage rises to a higher value according to a certain curve; during deceleration and energy reduction, the voltage remains constant; and after energy reduction, before extraction, the voltage drops to the value required for the extraction platform according to a certain curve. The rise and fall of the curve are the same as the magnetic field curve, and only a smooth transition curve is needed. The phase curve can be obtained by calculating based on the rate of change of the polarimagnetic field and the voltage curve.

[0081] The embodiments of this application can run the corresponding curves of the magnet and the high-frequency cavity to accelerate the beam to a specified energy platform and then decelerate it to a lower energy platform in sequence, thereby realizing multiple energy platforms in one cycle.

[0082] The preset lower energy platform can be set by those skilled in the art, and no specific restrictions are imposed here.

[0083] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, before extraction, the high-frequency cavity pressure is reduced to a first preset value to reduce momentum dispersion of the extracted beam, and before energy reduction, the high-frequency cavity pressure is increased to a second preset value to reduce beam loss during energy reduction.

[0084] In actual implementation, the embodiments of this application can reduce the high-frequency cavity pressure to a lower value, i.e., a first preset value, before extraction to reduce the momentum dispersion of the extracted beam; and increase the high-frequency cavity pressure to a higher value, i.e., a second preset value, before energy reduction, thereby increasing the normalized intensity of the focusing quadrupole (or decreasing the normalized intensity of the defocusing quadrupole) and decreasing the normalized intensity of the hexapole, in order to reduce beam loss during energy reduction.

[0085] The first and second preset values ​​can be set by those skilled in the art, and no specific restrictions are imposed here.

[0086] In step S104, under the current energy platform, an extraction trigger signal is used to trigger the beam to extract the system and extract the beam. When the number of extracted particles reaches a preset threshold, extraction stops, and the system switches to the next energy platform in the same cycle to extract multiple energy beams in one cycle.

[0087] In other words, under the current energy platform, the extraction trigger signal triggers the beam extraction system to work and extract the beam. When the number of extracted particles of that energy reaches the set value, extraction stops, and the system switches to the next energy platform in the same cycle for extraction. This process is repeated, and multiple energy beams can be extracted in one cycle, thus achieving the extraction of multiple energies within one cycle. This ensures high extraction efficiency while effectively suppressing beam overshoot, and no change in magnet strength is required during extraction.

[0088] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, under the current energy platform, radio frequency excitation is applied during the extraction time period to excite the beam emissivity to increase.

[0089] In actual implementation, the combination of magnetic field and high-frequency curve can achieve multiple energy platforms within one cycle, and prepare for extraction at each energy platform. In this embodiment, radio frequency excitation (RF-KO) can be applied during the extraction time period at a certain energy platform, thereby increasing the beam emittance and achieving beam extraction from that energy platform. If an excitation signal is applied to each energy platform, multiple energies can be extracted within one cycle, such as... Figure 8 As shown.

[0090] Combination Figures 3-5 and Figures 8-9As shown, the working principle of the synchrotron multi-energy extraction beam loss control method of this application is explained in detail with an embodiment.

[0091] like Figure 3 As shown, taking the layout diagram of the XiPAF synchrotron as an example, Figure 3 The main components involved include a dipole (1), a quadrupole (2), a hexapole (3), a high-frequency accelerating cavity (4), a defocusing quadrupole (5), and a ring path (6). The dipole is used to deflect particles; the quadrupole is used for lateral focusing of the beam to maintain its lateral stability, and its strength determines the synchrotron's operating point; the hexapole forms a triangular phase-stabilizing region in the lateral phase space to constrain beam motion, used for extraction; the size of this triangular region is proportional to the square of the distance from the horizontal operating point of the beam to the one-third integer resonant line, and inversely proportional to the square of the resonant hexapole strength; the high-frequency accelerating cavity is used to accelerate and decelerate particles, and when the high-frequency frequency remains constant, it maintains longitudinal beam focusing.

[0092] The motion of a beam in a synchrotron can be described using a position-slope phase space. In the horizontal phase space, the phase diagram's x and x' coordinates represent the beam's position and divergence in the x-direction. When the particle's horizontal operating point approaches the one-third integer resonance line and a hexapolar magnetic field exists, a triangular-shaped phase-stable region forms in the horizontal phase space. When the particle's emittance is less than the area of ​​the phase-stable region, the particle's motion is stable (e.g., ...). Figure 4 As shown), when the emission of a particle is greater than the area of ​​the phase-stable region (e.g.) Figure 4 (As shown) The motion of this particle is unstable; it moves outward along the boundary of the phase-stable region. Label 100 indicates a particle confined within the area of ​​the transverse phase-stable triangle, and label 100' indicates a particle escaping the area of ​​the transverse phase-stable triangle. Slow extraction utilizes this characteristic; by increasing the emittance of the excitation beam or by reducing the area of ​​the phase-stable triangle, particles are drawn from the stable region into the unstable region, achieving controllable particle extraction. The area of ​​the phase-stable triangle is inversely proportional to the square of the hexapolar magnetic field strength and directly proportional to the square of the distance from the horizontal operating point to the one-third integer resonant line. That is, the greater the hexapolar magnetic field strength, the smaller the stable region area; the greater the distance from the horizontal operating point to the one-third integer resonant line, the larger the stable region area.

[0093] The operating point refers to the frequency of free oscillation of particles in the lateral motion of a synchrotron. A resonance curve diagram can be obtained by plotting the horizontal and vertical operating points as the x and y axes, respectively. Figure 5As shown in the diagram. The black dots represent the operating points of the synchrotron, and the lines represent resonance lines of different orders. In the slow extraction of third-order resonance, since third-order resonance only occurs in the horizontal direction, and the motion in the horizontal and vertical directions is not coupled, the third-order resonance line at this time is the vertical third-order resonance line in the diagram. Figure 5 The vertical line of Qx = 5 / 3, the distance from the horizontal working point to one-third of the resonance line is... Figure 5 The distance from the black dot to the vertical line. The working point is determined by the magnet focusing parameters and layout. Once the magnet layout is determined, the focusing parameters determine the working point. The greater the focusing quadrupole strength, the larger the horizontal working point; the greater the defocusing quadrupole strength, the smaller the horizontal working point, and vice versa.

[0094] Based on the structure described above, such as Figure 9 As shown, embodiments of this application may include the following steps:

[0095] Step S901: Determine the energy range it belongs to based on the energy range required within a cycle, and switch the database for the corresponding range.

[0096] Step S902: Generate the corresponding curves of change in magnetic field, high-frequency cavity pressure, frequency, and phase based on the number of platforms required in one cycle and the time of each platform.

[0097] In actual implementation, the magnetic field change curve of the magnet is generated as follows:

[0098] Input the number of energy platforms required in one cycle and the time for each platform;

[0099] Calculate the magnet strength corresponding to the two, four, and six pole iron of each energy platform based on the energy of each energy platform;

[0100] The magnetic field of each energy platform remains at a fixed value. The length of the platform is determined according to the required time. The two energy platforms are connected by a transition curve to obtain a complete curve.

[0101] The preset fixed values ​​can be set by those skilled in the art, and no specific restrictions are imposed here.

[0102] The transition curve differs for different magnets:

[0103] For the preparation stage before deceleration and energy reduction of the dipole iron, the magnetic field does not need to be changed. During the deceleration and energy reduction period, the magnetic field decreases according to a certain curve, namely the first preset curve (the form of the curve change will be explained later). After the energy reduction is completed, the magnetic field does not need to be changed before the extraction.

[0104] For the focused quadrupole, the magnetic field rises according to a certain curve during the preparation stage before deceleration and energy reduction, namely the second preset curve. The target value of the rise is determined by the operating point. During the deceleration and energy reduction, the magnetic field and the dipole change synchronously in proportion. After the energy reduction is completed and before extraction, the magnetic field falls according to a certain curve. The target value of the fall is determined by the extraction operating point.

[0105] For a hexapolar iron, the magnetic field drops to 0 during the preparation stage before deceleration and energy reduction, remains at 0 during deceleration and energy reduction, and rises to the target value before extraction after energy reduction. The target value is determined by the size of the triangle area and the extraction point.

[0106] The rising and falling patterns of a curve can be described by the following formula.

[0107]

[0108] Among them, B i B is the initial magnetic field value. f T represents the magnetic field value at the end of the curve. r For the time variation, this formula only provides a specific form of curve variation, but it does not restrict that only this form of variation can be used. Theoretically, any curve with a smooth transition is acceptable.

[0109] As one possible approach, the frequency curve of the high-frequency accelerating cavity can be obtained by proportionally converting the magnetic field curve of the dipole.

[0110] The formula for converting the frequency from the dipole ferromagnetic field to the high-frequency accelerating cavity is as follows:

[0111]

[0112] Where B(t) is the magnetic field of the dipolar iron, ρ is the deflection radius of the dipolar iron, c is the speed of light in vacuum, e is the charge of the proton, E0 is the rest energy of the proton, and R is the equivalent radius of the synchrotron ring. The formula for calculating the phase curve of the high-frequency accelerating cavity is as follows:

[0113]

[0114] Where V(T) is the high-frequency voltage, The rate of change of the polarimetric magnetic field with time is given.

[0115] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, based on the energy range, a corresponding high-frequency cavity pressure change curve is generated according to the number of platforms required within a preset period and the time of each platform, including: keeping the voltage of each platform at the same preset value, and connecting the two platforms with a transition curve to obtain the high-frequency cavity pressure change curve.

[0116] In some embodiments, the voltage curve can be obtained in the following form, where the voltage remains the same at each energy plateau and the two energy plateaus are connected by a transition curve to obtain a complete curve.

[0117] The transition curve consists of three parts: during the preparation stage before deceleration and energy reduction, the voltage rises to a higher value according to a certain curve; during deceleration and energy reduction, the voltage remains constant; and after energy reduction, before extraction, the voltage drops to the value required for the extraction platform according to a certain curve. The rise and fall of the curve are the same as the magnetic field curve, and only a smooth transition curve is needed. The phase curve can be obtained by calculating based on the rate of change of the polarimagnetic field and the voltage curve.

[0118] Step S903: The magnet and high-frequency cavity operate according to the corresponding curves, accelerating the beam to the designated energy platform and then decelerating it to a lower energy platform in sequence, achieving multiple energy platforms within one cycle.

[0119] Step S904: Before extraction, reduce the high-frequency cavity pressure to a lower value to reduce momentum dispersion of the extracted beam; before energy reduction, increase the high-frequency cavity pressure to a higher value, increase the normalized intensity of the focusing quadrupole (or decrease the normalized intensity of the defocusing quadrupole) and decrease the normalized intensity of the hexapole to reduce beam loss during energy reduction.

[0120] Step S905: Under the current energy platform, the trigger signal is used to trigger the beam extraction system to extract the beam. When the number of extracted particles of this energy reaches the set value, extraction stops, and the system switches to the next energy platform in the same cycle to extract the beam. This process is repeated, and multiple energy beams can be extracted in one cycle, thus achieving the extraction of multiple energies in one cycle.

[0121] In actual implementation, the combination of magnetic field and high-frequency curve can achieve multiple energy platforms within one cycle, and prepare for extraction at each energy platform. In this embodiment, radio frequency excitation (RF-KO) can be applied during the extraction time period at a certain energy platform, thereby increasing the beam emittance and achieving beam extraction from that energy platform. If an excitation signal is applied to each energy platform, multiple energies can be extracted within one cycle, such as... Figure 8 As shown.

[0122] The synchrotron multi-energy extraction beam loss control method proposed in this application can determine multiple energy ranges and identify the energy range within which the beam is located. Under the current energy platform, a trigger signal is used to trigger the beam to extract the system's extracted beam. By dividing the beam energy range provided by the synchrotron into multiple energy ranges and independently designing the area change of the stable triangle within each energy range, high extraction efficiency can be ensured while effectively suppressing beam overshoot. Furthermore, no magnet strength change is required during extraction, simplifying control. This solves the technical problem in related technologies where it is difficult to effectively suppress beam overshoot while ensuring high extraction efficiency.

[0123] Next, referring to the accompanying drawings, a synchrotron multi-energy extraction beam loss control device according to an embodiment of this application is described.

[0124] Figure 10 This is a block diagram of a synchrotron multi-energy extraction beam loss control device according to an embodiment of this application.

[0125] like Figure 10 As shown, the synchrotron multi-energy extraction beam loss control device 10 includes: a first determination module 100, a judgment module 200, a second determination module 300, and an extraction module 400.

[0126] Specifically, the first determining module 100 is used to determine multiple energy ranges based on the beam energy range that the synchrotron can provide, wherein the change in the area of ​​the phase stability triangle corresponding to each energy range can be designed independently.

[0127] The judgment module 200 is used to determine the energy range in multiple energy ranges based on the energy range required within a preset period.

[0128] The second determining module 300 is used to determine the number of platforms required within a preset period based on the energy range in which it is located.

[0129] The extraction module 400 is used to trigger the beam with an extraction trigger signal under the current energy platform to extract the beam for the system to work. When the number of extracted particles of energy reaches a preset threshold, extraction stops and switches to the next energy platform in the same cycle to extract multiple energy beams in one cycle.

[0130] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the range of multiple energy intervals is greater than the energy range required within a preset period; multiple energy intervals overlap, and the overlap width is greater than the energy range required within a preset period.

[0131] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the synchrotron multi-energy extraction beam loss control device 10 further includes a generation module and an acceleration module.

[0132] The generation module is used to generate corresponding curves of magnetic field, high-frequency cavity pressure, frequency, and phase changes based on the number of platforms required within a preset period and the time of each platform.

[0133] The acceleration module is used to accelerate the beam to the corresponding target energy platform while running a changing curve, and then decelerate it to a preset lower energy platform in sequence, so as to achieve multiple energy platforms within one cycle.

[0134] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the synchrotron multi-energy extraction beam loss control device 10 further includes an energy reduction module.

[0135] The energy reduction module is used to reduce the high-frequency cavity pressure to a first preset value before extraction to reduce the momentum dispersion of the extracted beam, and to increase the high-frequency cavity pressure to a second preset value before energy reduction to reduce beam loss during the energy reduction process.

[0136] Optionally, in one embodiment of this application, the synchrotron multi-energy extraction beam loss control device 10 further includes an excitation module.

[0137] The excitation module is used to apply radio frequency excitation during the extraction time period under the current energy platform to excite the beam emittance to increase.

[0138] It should be noted that the foregoing explanation of the embodiment of the synchrotron multi-energy extraction beam loss control method also applies to the synchrotron multi-energy extraction beam loss control device of this embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0139] The synchrotron multi-energy extraction beam loss control device proposed in this application can determine multiple energy ranges and identify the energy range it falls within. Under the current energy platform, a trigger signal is used to trigger the beam to extract the system's extracted beam. By dividing the beam energy range provided by the synchrotron into multiple energy ranges and independently designing the area change of the stable triangle within each energy range, high extraction efficiency can be ensured while effectively suppressing beam overshoot. Furthermore, no magnet strength change is required during extraction, simplifying control. This solves the technical problem in related technologies where it is difficult to effectively suppress beam overshoot while ensuring high extraction efficiency.

[0140] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application. The electronic device may include:

[0141] The memory 1101, the processor 1102, and the computer program stored on the memory 1101 and executable on the processor 1102.

[0142] When the processor 1102 executes the program, it implements the synchrotron multi-energy extraction beam loss control method provided in the above embodiments.

[0143] Furthermore, the vehicle also includes:

[0144] Communication interface 1103 is used for communication between memory 1101 and processor 1102.

[0145] The memory 1101 is used to store computer programs that can run on the processor 1102.

[0146] The memory 1101 may include high-speed RAM memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device.

[0147] If the memory 1101, processor 1102, and communication interface 1103 are implemented independently, then the communication interface 1103, memory 1101, and processor 1102 can be interconnected via a bus to complete communication between them. The bus can be an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, etc. Buses can be divided into address buses, data buses, control buses, etc. For ease of representation, Figure 11 The bus is represented by a single thick line, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0148] Optionally, in a specific implementation, if the memory 1101, processor 1102, and communication interface 1103 are integrated on a single chip, then the memory 1101, processor 1102, and communication interface 1103 can communicate with each other through an internal interface.

[0149] The processor 1102 may be a central processing unit (CPU), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the embodiments of this application.

[0150] This embodiment also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described synchrotron multi-energy extraction beam loss control method.

[0151] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0152] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, "N" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0153] Any process or method described in the flowchart or otherwise herein can be understood as representing a module, segment, or portion of code comprising one or N executable instructions for implementing custom logic functions or processes, and the scope of the preferred embodiments of this application includes additional implementations in which functions may be performed not in the order shown or discussed, including substantially simultaneously or in reverse order depending on the functions involved, as should be understood by those skilled in the art to which embodiments of this application pertain.

[0154] The logic and / or steps represented in the flowchart or otherwise described herein, for example, can be considered as a sequenced list of executable instructions for implementing logical functions, and can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by, or in conjunction with, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device (such as a computer-based system, a processor-included system, or other system that can fetch and execute instructions from, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device). For the purposes of this specification, "computer-readable medium" can be any means that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transmit programs for use by, or in conjunction with, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of computer-readable media include: an electrical connection having one or more wires (electronic device), a portable computer disk drive (magnetic device), random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable and editable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), fiber optic devices, and portable optical disc read-only memory (CDROM). Alternatively, the computer-readable medium may be paper or other suitable media on which the program can be printed, since the program can be obtained electronically by optically scanning the paper or other medium, followed by editing, interpreting, or otherwise processing as necessary, and then stored in a computer memory.

[0155] It should be understood that the various parts of this application can be implemented using hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above embodiments, the N steps or methods can be implemented using software or firmware stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented in hardware as in another embodiment, it can be implemented using any one or a combination of the following techniques known in the art: discrete logic circuits having logic gates for implementing logical functions on data signals, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) having suitable combinational logic gates, programmable gate arrays (PGAs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), etc.

[0156] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps of the methods in the above embodiments can be implemented by a program instructing related hardware. The program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, the program includes one or a combination of the steps of the method embodiments.

[0157] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into a processing module, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into a module. The integrated module can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional module. If the integrated module is implemented as a software functional module and sold or used as an independent product, it can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.

[0158] The storage medium mentioned above can be a read-only memory, a disk, or an optical disk, etc. Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting this application. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for controlling beam loss from multiple energy extractions in a synchrotron, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Multiple energy ranges are determined based on the beam energy range that the synchrotron can provide, wherein the change in the area of ​​the phase stability triangle corresponding to each energy range can be designed independently; Determine the energy range among the multiple energy ranges based on the energy range required within the preset period; Based on the energy range in which it is located, determine the number of platforms required within the preset period; Under the current energy platform, a trigger signal is generated to activate the beam extraction system to extract the beam. When the number of extracted particles reaches a preset threshold, extraction stops, and the system switches to the next energy platform in the same cycle to extract multiple energy beams within one cycle.

2. The synchrotron multi-energy extraction beam loss control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The range of the multiple energy intervals is greater than the energy range required within the preset period; The multiple energy ranges overlap, and the overlap width is greater than the energy range required within the preset period.

3. The synchrotron multi-energy extraction beam loss control method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Based on the number of platforms required within the preset period and the time of each platform, corresponding curves of change in magnetic field, high-frequency cavity pressure, frequency, and phase are generated. When running the aforementioned variation curve, the beam is accelerated to the corresponding target energy platform and then decelerated to a preset lower energy platform in sequence, so as to achieve multiple energy platforms within one cycle.

4. The synchrotron multi-energy extraction beam loss control method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Before extraction, the high-frequency cavity pressure is reduced to a first preset value to reduce momentum dispersion of the extracted beam, and before energy reduction, the high-frequency cavity pressure is increased to a second preset value to reduce beam loss during energy reduction.

5. The synchrotron multi-energy extraction beam loss control method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Under the current energy platform, radio frequency excitation is applied during the extraction time period to stimulate the emissivity of the beam to increase.

6. A synchrotron multi-energy beam loss control device, characterized in that, include: The first determining module is used to determine multiple energy ranges based on the beam energy range that the synchrotron can provide, wherein the change in the area of ​​the phase stability triangle corresponding to each energy range can be designed independently; The judgment module is used to determine the energy range among the multiple energy ranges based on the required energy range within a preset period. The second determining module is used to determine the number of platforms required within the preset period based on the energy range in which the energy range is located. The extraction module is used to extract a trigger signal under the current energy platform to trigger the beam extraction system to extract the beam. When the number of extracted particles reaches a preset threshold, extraction stops and the system switches to the next energy platform in the same cycle to extract multiple energy beams in one cycle.

7. The synchrotron multi-energy beam loss control device according to claim 6, characterized in that, Also includes: The generation module is used to generate corresponding curves of change in magnetic field, high-frequency cavity pressure, frequency, and phase based on the number of platforms required within the preset period and the time of each platform. The acceleration module is used to accelerate the beam to the corresponding target energy platform while running the change curve, and then decelerate it to a preset lower energy platform in sequence, so as to achieve multiple energy platforms within one cycle.

8. The synchrotron multi-energy extraction beam loss control device according to claim 7, characterized in that, Also includes: The energy reduction module is used to reduce the high-frequency cavity pressure to a first preset value before extraction to reduce momentum dispersion of the extracted beam, and to increase the high-frequency cavity pressure to a second preset value before energy reduction to reduce beam loss during the energy reduction process.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: The memory, the processor, and the computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, the processor executing the program to implement the synchrotron multi-energy extraction beam loss control method as described in any one of claims 1-5.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, The program is executed by the processor to implement the synchrotron multi-energy extraction beam loss control method as described in any one of claims 1-5.

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