A design method of a ship rapid ballast system

Abstract

The application discloses a ship rapid ballast system design method, and provides a rapid ballast system design method of a ballast pump and gravity immersion combined ballast, and gives specific design methods for ballast mode selection of the system, design of the pump injection ballast system, design of the gravity immersion ballast system, design of the air breather system and design of the system rapid ballast process. The rapid ballast system designed by the method can realize rapid sinking of the ship within 1 hour, reduces the ballast pump displacement, the ballast pipeline size and the total weight of the system, simplifies the system pipeline and saves the overall space resources.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a design method for a rapid ballast system for ships, belonging to the technical field of ship buoyancy and attitude balance systems. Background Technology

[0002] The ballast water dewatering system is a crucial system for achieving buoyancy and attitude control in ships. It injects or removes ballast water into ballast tanks using ballast pumps, compressed air, or gravity, thereby enabling the ship to sink, adjust its attitude, or float. During the ship design phase, designers determine the dewatering method based on the ballast tank layout, capacity data, and buoyancy control requirements. Using simple estimation methods, they complete the ballast water dewatering system design, forming a ballast water dewatering system design scheme. There are no specific requirements regarding the ballasting time of the system.

[0003] The design of a ship's ballast system mainly includes the following: selection of ballast method (mainly including pump injection, gravity immersion, etc.), selection and design of ballast pump, design of ballast pipeline, design of venting pipeline, and calculation of system ballast time. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem this invention aims to solve is that conventional ships require approximately 8 hours to complete a single ballast load, while engineering vessels typically require 3-5 hours. This prolonged ballast sinking time impacts subsequent ship operations. If rapid ballast loading is required, simply increasing the ballast pump's displacement and the ballast pipeline diameter based on ballast time requirements often results in problems such as excessively large ballast pump displacement, large ballast pipeline diameter, large pipeline fittings, complex and heavy systems, and excessive overall resource consumption.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is to provide a design method for a ship rapid ballast system, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step S101: Determine the rapid sinking time index T0 of the vessel based on the vessel operation preparation time requirements;

[0007] Step S102: Taking advantage of the speed of gravity immersion, a combined ballast method of ballast pump injection and gravity immersion is used to achieve rapid ballasting of the ship.

[0008] Step S103: Based on the ship's draft before and after the sinking operation, determine the change in the ship's displacement, thereby obtaining the ballast required for the ship's sinking; combine the ballast required for the ship's sinking with the overall ship layout to determine the total capacity of the pumped ballast tanks and the total capacity of the gravity-submerged ballast tanks.

[0009] Step S104: Based on the ship's rapid sinking time index T0, the total capacity of the pumped ballast tanks and the total capacity of the gravity-submerged ballast tanks, it is determined after calculation that a phased ballast method will be adopted for ballasting.

[0010] Step S105: Based on the phased ballast method adopted, determine the pre-ballast time T1 and the volume V of the pre-ballast pumped ballast tank. 11 The volume V of the pre-ballasted gravity-submerged ballast tank 12 ;

[0011] Step S106: Design the pre-ballast pumping system;

[0012] Step S107: Design a pre-loaded gravity immersion system;

[0013] Step S108: Calculate whether the actual pre-ballast time meets the requirements. If it does not meet the requirements, proceed to step S109; if it meets the requirements, complete the design of the pre-ballast stage.

[0014] Step S109: After the pre-ballast is completed and the hull displacement is constant, adjust the relevant parameters of the pre-ballast and proceed to step S105.

[0015] Step S110: Determine the capacity V of the rapid ballast pumping ballast tank based on the total capacity of the ballast tanks used for sinking and the total capacity of the gravity-submerged ballast tanks. 21 The volume V of the rapid ballast gravity flooding ballast tank 22 ;

[0016] Step S111: Design a rapid ballast pumping system;

[0017] Step S112: Design a rapid ballast gravity immersion system;

[0018] Step S113: Calculate whether the actual rapid ballast time meets the requirements. If it does not meet the requirements, proceed to step S114; if it meets the requirements, complete the rapid ballast system design.

[0019] Step S114: Adjust the parameters of rapid ballast, and proceed to step S110.

[0020] Preferably, in step S101, the ship's rapid sinking time index T0 is within 1 hour.

[0021] Preferably, in step S104, the phased ballast method is as follows: before the ship sails to the sinking and floating operation area, water is injected into a large number of pumped ballast tanks using ballast pumps, and water is injected into a small number of gravity-submerged ballast tanks using gravity immersion, so that the ship has a large draft, which is the pre-ballast stage; when the ship arrives at the sinking and floating operation area, water is injected into a large number of gravity-submerged ballast tanks using the speed of gravity immersion, and water is injected into a small number of pumped ballast tanks using ballast pumps, so as to achieve rapid sinking of the ship, which is the rapid ballast stage.

[0022] Preferably, in step S104, the optimization measures for the rapid ballast stage include adjusting the rapid ballast pump injection tank capacity, the rapid ballast gravity immersion tank capacity, the ballast pump displacement, the pump injection pipeline diameter, and the gravity immersion pipeline diameter.

[0023] Preferably, the pump-injection ballast tank can be arranged below the waterline, near the waterline, or above the waterline to adapt to the overall layout of the ship's ballast tanks; the gravity-immersed ballast tank needs to be arranged below the waterline to utilize the height difference in liquid level inside and outside the gravity-immersed ballast tank 6 for rapid water injection.

[0024] Preferably, step S106 includes the following steps:

[0025] Step S201: Determine the limiting flow velocity v1 of the ballast pumping line;

[0026] Step S202: Determine the ballast pump displacement Q1, Q1 = 1.2V 11 / (T1 / 60);

[0027] Step S203: Inject the ballast tank into the injection pipeline with diameter D. 11 Design, D 11 After the calculation is completed, the nominal diameter series of the ship's design pipelines should be selected. For the m-th pumped ballast tank, the injection pipeline diameter D... 11 Represented as D 11m D 11m Based on the nominal diameter series of ship design pipelines, rounding down, we have:

[0028]

[0029] In the formula, V 11m Let m be the volume of the pumped ballast tank;

[0030] Step S204: Inject the vent pipe diameter D of the ballast tank into the vent. 12 Design, D 12 After the calculations are completed, the design of the pre-ballast pumping system should be completed by selecting from the nominal diameter series of the ship's design pipelines. Specifically, for the m-th pumped ballast tank, the diameter D of its venting pipeline should be... 12 Represented as D 12mD 12m The nominal diameter series of the ship's design piping should be rounded down, resulting in: D 12m =1.12D 11m .

[0031] Preferably, step S107 includes the following steps:

[0032] Step S301: Based on the immersion volume V of the gravity-immersed ballast tank 12 The corresponding immersion height h1 is determined by the cabin capacity table;

[0033] Step S302: Determine the average flow velocity ν2 in the pipelines of the gravity-immersed ballast tank. In the formula, h 1n Let h1 be the immersion height of the nth gravity-immersed ballast tank, and g be the gravitational acceleration.

[0034] Step S303: Determine the pipe diameter D of the gravity-immersed ballast tank. 13 Design, D 13 After the calculation is completed, the nominal diameter series of the ship's design piping should be selected. Specifically, for the nth gravity-submerged ballast tank, the diameter D of its gravity-submerged piping should be... 13 Represented as D 13n D 13n The nominal diameter series of the ship's design piping should be rounded down, resulting in: In the formula, V 12n Let V be the immersion volume of the nth gravity-immersed ballast tank. 12 ;

[0035] Step S304: Determine the diameter D of the vent pipe in the gravity-immersed ballast tank. 14 Design, D 14 After the calculation is completed, the diameter of the vent pipe should be selected from the nominal diameter series of the ship's design piping. Specifically, for the nth gravity-submerged ballast tank, the diameter D of its vent pipe should be... 14 Represented as D 14n D 14n The nominal diameter series of the ship's design piping should be rounded down, resulting in: In the formula, v3 is the flow velocity in the ventilated pipe;

[0036] Step S305: Determine the total area S of the vents in the top structure of the gravity-submerged ballast tank. 11 This is to quickly expel the air accumulated in the top structure of the gravity-submerged ballast tank and guide the design of structural openings. Specifically, for the nth gravity-submerged ballast tank, the total area S of the air vents in its top structure is... 11 Represented as S 11n Then we have:

[0037] Step S306: Based on the top structure design of the gravity-immersed ballast tank, design regular structural ventilation holes while meeting structural strength requirements;

[0038] Step S307: Calculate the total area of ​​the vent holes. If the total area is less than the requirement in step S305, proceed to step S308; if the total area is greater than or equal to the requirement in step S305, complete the design of the pre-loaded gravity immersion system.

[0039] Step S308: Adjust the size or number of vent holes, then proceed to step S306.

[0040] Preferably, in step S109, the adjusted pre-ballast parameters include the pre-ballast pump injection ballast tank capacity and the pre-ballast gravity immersion ballast tank capacity.

[0041] In step S114, adjusting the parameters of rapid ballast includes: adjusting the capacity of the rapid ballast pump ballast tank and the rapid ballast gravity immersion ballast tank, the ballast pump displacement and the pumping pipeline diameter, and the gravity immersion pipeline diameter, while keeping the total ballast capacity unchanged.

[0042] Preferably, step S111 includes the following steps:

[0043] Step S201: Determine the limiting flow velocity υ of the ballast pumping line. 21 ;

[0044] Step S202: Determine the ballast pump displacement Q2. The final displacement of the ballast pump is the larger of Q1 and Q2.

[0045] Step S203: Perform rapid ballast pump injection into the ballast tank, adjusting the injection pipe diameter D. 21 Design, D 21 After the calculation is completed, the nominal diameter should be selected from the series of nominal diameters for ship design pipelines;

[0046] Step S204: Design the diameter of the venting pipe for rapid ballast pump injection into the ballast tank. 22 Design, D 22 After the calculations are completed, the design of the rapid ballast pumping system should be completed by selecting from the nominal diameter series of the ship's design pipelines.

[0047] Preferably, step S112 includes the following steps:

[0048] Step S301: Based on the immersion volume V of the rapid ballast gravity immersion tank 22 The corresponding immersion height h2 is determined by the cabin capacity table;

[0049] Step S302: Determine the average flow velocity υ of the ballast tank inlet pipe for rapid ballast gravity immersion. 22 ;

[0050] Step S303: Determine the diameter D of the inlet pipe of the rapid ballast gravity immersion ballast tank. 23 Design, D 23 After the calculation is completed, the nominal diameter should be selected from the series of nominal diameters for ship design pipelines;

[0051] Step S304: Determine the diameter D of the vent pipe of the rapid ballast gravity immersion ballast tank. 24 Design, D 24 After the calculation is completed, the nominal diameter should be selected from the series of nominal diameters for ship design pipelines;

[0052] Step S305: Determine the total area S of the ventilation holes in the top structure of the rapid ballast gravity immersion ballast tank. 21 ;

[0053] Step S306: Based on the top structure design of the rapid ballast gravity immersion ballast tank, design regular structural ventilation holes while meeting structural strength requirements;

[0054] Step S307: Calculate the total area of ​​the vents. If the total area is less than the requirement in step S305, proceed to step S308; if the total area is greater than or equal to the requirement in step S305, complete the design of the rapid ballast gravity immersion system.

[0055] Step S308: Adjust the size or number of vent holes, then proceed to step S306.

[0056] This invention proposes a design method for a rapid ballast system combining ballast pumps and gravity immersion ballast. Specific design methods are provided for the selection of ballast methods, the design of the pump-injection ballast system, the design of the gravity immersion ballast system, the design of the ventilation system, and the design of the rapid ballast process. The rapid ballast system designed by this method can achieve rapid sinking of the vessel within one hour, while reducing the ballast pump displacement, ballast pipeline size, and total system weight, simplifying the system piping, and saving overall space resources.

[0057] Compared with existing technical solutions, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0058] (i) A design method for a rapid ballast system for ships is provided. For ships with rapid ballast requirements, a phased rapid ballast scheme can be formed based on the overall layout of the ship's ballast tanks, the total capacity of the pumped ballast tanks, the total capacity of the gravity-submerged ballast tanks, and the required rapid ballast time.

[0059] (ii) Based on the proposed design method for a rapid ballast system, key parameters such as the ballast pump, the diameter of the ballast pumping pipe, the diameter of the ballast pumping tank vent pipe, the diameter of the gravity immersion pipeline, the diameter of the gravity immersion ballast tank vent pipe, and the vent holes in the top structure of the gravity immersion ballast tank can be designed to form a rapid ballast system scheme, which can shorten the rapid ballast time to less than 1 hour and significantly reduce the ballast time of the ship.

[0060] (iii) Provides a basic composition for a ship's rapid ballast system, mainly consisting of a pre-ballast pump injection ballast tank, a pre-ballast gravity immersion ballast tank, a rapid ballast pump injection ballast tank, a rapid ballast gravity immersion ballast tank, a ballast pump, remote control valves, and system pipelines, providing a reference for the design of rapid ballast systems for different ships. Attached Figure Description

[0061] Figure 1 A flowchart of a design method for a ship's rapid ballast system;

[0062] Figure 2 Flowchart of design methodology for rapid ballast pumping system for ships;

[0063] Figure 3 Flowchart of design methodology for rapid ballast gravity immersion system for ships;

[0064] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a ship's rapid ballast system.

[0065] Wherein: 1 is the pre-ballast pump injection ballast tank, 2 is the ballast pump, 3 is the pre-ballast pump injection ballast tank water inlet pipe, 4 is the pre-ballast pump injection ballast tank vent pipe, 5 is the water inlet control valve, 6 is the pre-ballast gravity immersion ballast tank, 7 is the pre-ballast gravity immersion ballast tank water inlet pipe, 8 is the pre-ballast gravity immersion ballast tank vent pipe, 9 is the gravity immersion ballast tank vent hole, 10 is the rapid ballast pump injection ballast tank, 11 is the rapid ballast pump injection ballast tank water inlet pipe, 12 is the rapid ballast pump injection ballast tank vent pipe, 13 is the rapid ballast gravity immersion ballast tank, 14 is the rapid ballast gravity immersion ballast tank water inlet pipe, and 15 is the rapid ballast gravity immersion ballast tank vent pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0066] The present invention will be further illustrated below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, it should be understood that after reading the teachings of this invention, those skilled in the art can make various alterations or modifications to the invention, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.

[0067] This embodiment discloses a design method for a ship's rapid ballast system, including the following steps:

[0068] Step S101: Determine the vessel's rapid sinking time index T0 based on the vessel's operational preparation time requirements. The vessel's rapid sinking time index T0 is significantly shorter than that of a conventional ballast system, generally within 1 hour.

[0069] Step S102: To achieve rapid ballasting of the ship, a combined ballasting method of ballast pump injection and gravity immersion is adopted. This invention utilizes the speed of gravity immersion, employing a combined ballast pump injection and gravity immersion method for rapid ballasting.

[0070] Step S103: Based on the ship's draft before and after the sinking operation, determine the change in the ship's displacement, thereby obtaining the ballast volume required for sinking. This ballast volume will not be adjusted unless there are special circumstances. Based on the required ballast volume and the overall ship layout, determine the total capacity of the pumped ballast tanks and the total capacity of the gravity-submerged ballast tanks.

[0071] Step S104: Based on the rapid sinking time index, the total capacity of the pumped ballast tank and the total capacity of the gravity-immersed ballast tank, it is determined after calculation that a phased ballast method should be adopted for ballasting.

[0072] The phased ballasting method (pre-ballasting phase and rapid ballasting phase) is as follows: Before the vessel sails to the sinking / floating operation area, ballast pumps are used to fill a large number of pumped ballast tanks with water, and gravity immersion is used to fill a small number of gravity-immersed ballast tanks with water to give the vessel a larger draft. This process is relatively slow, taking about 1 to 2 hours, and this time is not included in the rapid sinking time; this is the pre-ballasting phase. When the vessel arrives at the sinking / floating operation area, the rapid nature of gravity immersion is used to fill a large number of gravity-immersed ballast tanks with water, and ballast pumps are used to fill a small number of pumped ballast tanks with water to achieve rapid sinking; this is the rapid ballasting phase. Optimization measures for rapid ballasting include adjusting the rapid ballast pump injection tank capacity, the rapid ballast gravity immersion tank capacity, the ballast pump displacement, the pump injection pipeline diameter, and the gravity immersion pipeline diameter.

[0073] Step S105: Based on the phased ballast method adopted, determine the pre-ballast time T1 and the pre-ballast pump injection capacity V of ballast tank 1. 11 and the pre-ballasted immersion tank 6-compartment capacity V 12 .

[0074] The pump-injection ballast tank 1 can be located below the waterline, near the waterline, or above the waterline to suit the overall layout of the ship's ballast tanks. The gravity-injection tank 6 needs to be located below the waterline to utilize the height difference in liquid level inside and outside the gravity-injection tank 6 for rapid water injection.

[0075] Step S106: Design the pre-ballast pumping system, specifically including the following steps:

[0076] Step S201: Determine the limiting flow rate υ1 of the ballast pump pipeline.

[0077] Step S202: Determine the ballast pump displacement Q1, Q1 = 1.2V 11 / (T1 / 60), unit is m 3 / h, where 1.2 is an empirical coefficient.

[0078] Step S203: Inject ballast tank into the pumped ballast tank via the pipeline diameter D. 11 Design, D 11 After the calculation is completed, the nominal diameter should be selected from the series of pipe designs for ships.

[0079] For the m-th pumped ballast tank, its injection pipe diameter D 11 Represented as D 11m Then we have:

[0080]

[0081] In the formula, V 11m For the m-th pumped ballast tank volume,

[0082] D 11m The nominal diameter series of the ship's design pipelines should be rounded up.

[0083] Step S204: Design the diameter of the ballast tank venting pipeline for pumping. 12 Design, D 12 After the calculations are completed, the design of the pre-ballast pumping system should be completed by selecting from the nominal diameter series of the ship's design pipelines.

[0084] For the m-th pumped ballast tank, its vent pipe diameter D 12 Represented as D 12m Then we have: D 12m =1.12D 11m Where 1.12 is the empirical coefficient, D 12m The nominal diameter series of the ship's design pipelines should be rounded up.

[0085] Step S107: Design the pre-loaded gravity immersion system, specifically including the following steps:

[0086] Step S301: Based on the immersion volume V of gravity immersion chamber 6 12 The corresponding immersion height h1 is determined by the cabin capacity table.

[0087] Step S302: Determine the average flow velocity υ2 in the gravity-immersed ballast tank piping. h 1n Let h1 be the immersion height of the nth gravity immersion chamber, and g be the acceleration due to gravity, in m / s². 2 .

[0088] Step S303: Determine the diameter D of the gravity-immersed ballast tank piping. 13 Design, D 13 After the calculation is completed, the nominal diameter should be selected from the series of pipe designs for ships.

[0089] For the nth gravity-submerged ballast tank, its gravity submersion pipe diameter D 13 Represented as D 13n Then we have: V 12n Let V be the immersion volume of the nth gravity-immersed ballast tank. 12 145.7 is a dimensionless coefficient, D 13n The nominal diameter series of the ship's design pipelines should be rounded up.

[0090] Step S304: Determine the diameter D of the venting pipe in the gravity-submerged ballast tank. 14 Design, D 14 After the calculation is completed, the nominal diameter should be selected from the series of pipe designs for ships.

[0091] For the nth gravity-submerged ballast tank, its venting pipe diameter D 14 Represented as D 14n Then we have: υ3 represents the flow velocity in the venting pipe, which can generally be taken as 17.5 m / s to reduce the diameter of the venting pipe in the gravity-submerged ballast tank. D 14n The nominal diameter series of the ship's design pipelines should be rounded up.

[0092] Step S305: Determine the total area S of the ventilation holes in the top structure of the gravity-submerged ballast tank. 11 This allows for the rapid removal of air accumulated in the top structure under gravity-fed ballast and guides the design of structural openings.

[0093] For the nth gravity-submerged ballast tank, the total area S of the ventilation holes in its top structure 11 Represented as S 11n Then we have:

[0094] Step S306: Based on the top structure design of the gravity-immersed ballast tank, design regular structural ventilation holes while meeting structural strength requirements.

[0095] Step S307: Calculate the total area of ​​the vent holes. If the total area is less than the requirement in step S305, proceed to step S308; if the total area is greater than or equal to the requirement in step S305, complete the design of the pre-loaded gravity immersion system.

[0096] Step S308: Adjust the size or number of vent holes, then proceed to step S306.

[0097] Step S108: Calculate whether the actual pre-ballast time meets the requirements. If it does not meet the requirements, proceed to step S109; if it meets the requirements, complete the design of the pre-ballast stage.

[0098] Step S109: After the pre-ballast is completed and the hull displacement is constant, the relevant parameters of the pre-ballast are adjusted as follows: adjustment of the pre-ballast pump injection tank capacity and the pre-ballast gravity immersion tank capacity, then proceed to step S105.

[0099] Step S110: Based on the total capacity of the ballast tanks used for pumping ballast during the sinking operation and the total capacity of the ballast tanks used for gravity immersion, determine the capacity V of the rapid ballast pumping ballast tank 10. 21 and rapid ballast gravity immersion ballast tank 13 capacity V 22 .

[0100] Step S111: Design a rapid ballast pumping system, specifically including the following steps:

[0101] Step S201: Determine the limiting flow velocity υ of the ballast pumping line. 21 .

[0102] Step S202: Determine the ballast pump displacement Q2. The final displacement of the ballast pump is the larger of Q1 and Q2.

[0103] Step S203: Perform rapid ballast pump injection into the ballast tank inlet pipe 12 (diameter D). 21 Design, D 21 After the calculation is completed, the nominal diameter should be selected from the series of pipe designs for ships.

[0104] Step S204: Design the diameter of the 13-meter vent pipe for the ballast tank to be injected into the rapid ballast pump. 22 Design, D 22 After the calculations are completed, the design of the rapid ballast pumping system should be completed by selecting from the nominal diameter series of the ship's design pipelines.

[0105] Step S112: Design a rapid ballast gravity immersion system, specifically including the following steps:

[0106] Step S301: Based on the immersion volume V of the rapid ballast gravity immersion tank 13 22 The corresponding immersion height h2 is determined by the cabin capacity table.

[0107] Step S302: Determine the average flow velocity υ of the gravity-immersed ballast tank pipeline 14 22 .

[0108] Step S303: Determine the diameter D of the gravity immersion ballast tank pipeline 14. 23 Design, D 23 After the calculation is completed, the nominal diameter should be selected from the series of pipe designs for ships.

[0109] Step S304: Determine the diameter D of the vent pipe 15 of the gravity-immersed ballast tank. 24 Design, D 24 After the calculation is completed, the nominal diameter should be selected from the series of pipe designs for ships.

[0110] Step S305: Determine the total area S of the ventilation holes in the top structure of the rapid ballast gravity immersion ballast tank. 21 .

[0111] Step S306: Based on the top structure design of the rapid ballast gravity immersion ballast tank, design regular structural ventilation holes while meeting structural strength requirements.

[0112] Step S307: Calculate the total area of ​​the vents. If the total area is less than the requirement in step S305, proceed to step S308; if the total area is greater than or equal to the requirement in step S305, complete the design of the rapid ballast gravity immersion system.

[0113] Step S308: Adjust the size or number of vent holes, then proceed to step S306.

[0114] Step S113: Calculate whether the actual rapid ballast time meets the requirements. If it does not meet the requirements, proceed to step S114; if it meets the requirements, complete the rapid ballast system design.

[0115] Step S114: Adjustment of rapid ballast parameters, including the following: Adjusting the rapid ballast pump injection tank capacity and rapid ballast gravity immersion tank capacity, ballast pump displacement and pump injection pipeline diameter, and gravity immersion pipeline diameter while keeping the total tank capacity unchanged, and proceed to step S110.

Claims

1. A design method for a ship's rapid ballast system, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S101: Determine the rapid sinking time index T0 of the vessel based on the vessel operation preparation time requirements; Step S102: Taking advantage of the speed of gravity immersion, a combined ballast method of ballast pump injection and gravity immersion is used to achieve rapid ballasting of the ship. Step S103: Based on the ship's draft before and after the sinking operation, determine the change in the ship's displacement, thereby obtaining the ballast required for the ship's sinking; combine the ballast required for the ship's sinking with the overall ship layout to determine the total capacity of the pumped ballast tanks and the total capacity of the gravity-submerged ballast tanks. Step S104: Based on the ship's rapid sinking time index T0, the total capacity of the pumped ballast tanks and the total capacity of the gravity-submerged ballast tanks, it is determined after calculation that a phased ballast method will be adopted for ballasting. Step S105: Based on the phased ballast method, determine the pre-ballast time T1 and the volume V of the pre-ballast pumped ballast tank. 11 The volume V of the pre-ballasted gravity-submerged ballast tank 12 ; Step S106: Design the pre-ballast pumping system; Step S107: Design a pre-loaded gravity immersion system; Step S108: Calculate whether the actual preload time meets the requirements. If it does not meet the requirements, proceed to step S109. If the requirements are met, the design for the pre-ballast stage will be completed; Step S109: After the pre-ballast is completed and the hull displacement is constant, adjust the relevant parameters of the pre-ballast and proceed to step S105. Step S110: Determine the capacity V of the rapid ballast pumping ballast tank based on the total capacity of the ballast tanks used for sinking and the total capacity of the gravity-submerged ballast tanks. 21 The volume V of the rapid ballast gravity flooding ballast tank 22 ; Step S111: Design a rapid ballast pumping system; Step S112: Design a rapid ballast gravity immersion system; Step S113: Calculate whether the actual rapid ballast time meets the requirements. If it does not meet the requirements, proceed to step S114; if it meets the requirements, complete the rapid ballast system design. Step S114: Adjust the parameters of rapid ballast, and proceed to step S110.

2. The design method for a ship's rapid ballast system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S101, the ship's rapid sinking time index T0 is within 1 hour.

3. The design method for a ship's rapid ballast system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S104, the phased ballast method is as follows: Before the ship sails to the sinking and floating operation area, ballast pumps are used to fill a large number of pumped ballast tanks with water, and gravity immersion is used to fill a small number of gravity-immersed ballast tanks with water, so that the ship has a large draft, which is the pre-ballast stage; when the ship arrives at the sinking and floating operation area, the rapid gravity immersion is used to fill a large number of gravity-immersed ballast tanks with water, and ballast pumps are used to fill a small number of pumped ballast tanks with water, so as to achieve rapid sinking of the ship, which is the rapid ballast stage.

4. The design method for a ship's rapid ballast system as described in claim 3, characterized in that, In step S104, the optimization measures for the rapid ballast stage include adjusting the rapid ballast pump injection tank capacity, the rapid ballast gravity immersion tank capacity, the ballast pump displacement, the pump injection pipeline diameter, and the gravity immersion pipeline diameter.

5. The design method for a ship's rapid ballast system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The pump-injection ballast tank can be arranged below the waterline, near the waterline, or above the waterline to adapt to the overall layout of the ship's ballast tanks; the gravity-immersed ballast tank needs to be arranged below the waterline to utilize the height difference in liquid level inside and outside the gravity-immersed ballast tank 6 for rapid water injection.

6. The design method for a ship's rapid ballast system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Step S106 includes the following steps: Step S201: Determine the limiting flow velocity v1 of the ballast pumping line; Step S202: Determine the ballast pump displacement Q1, Q1 = 1.2V 11 / (T1 / 60); Step S203: Inject the ballast tank into the injection pipeline with diameter D. 11 Design, D 11 After the calculation is completed, the diameter should be selected from the nominal diameter series of the ship's design piping. For the m-th pumped ballast tank, the injection pipe diameter D... 11 Represented as D 11m D 11m Based on the nominal diameter series of ship design pipelines, rounding down, we have: In the formula, V 11m Let m be the volume of the pumped ballast tank; Step S204: Inject the vent pipe diameter D of the ballast tank into the vent. 12 Design, D 12 After the calculations are completed, the design of the pre-ballast pumping system should be completed by selecting from the nominal diameter series of the ship's design pipelines. Specifically, for the m-th pumped ballast tank, the diameter D of its venting pipeline should be... 12 Represented as D 12m D 12m The nominal diameter series of the ship's design piping should be rounded down, resulting in: D 12m =1.12D 11m .

7. The design method for a ship's rapid ballast system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Step S107 includes the following steps: Step S301: Based on the immersion volume V of the gravity-immersed ballast tank 12 The corresponding immersion height h1 is determined by the cabin capacity table; Step S302: Determine the average flow velocity ν2 in the pipelines of the gravity-immersed ballast tank. In the formula, h 1n Let h1 be the immersion height of the nth gravity-immersed ballast tank, and g be the gravitational acceleration. Step S303: Determine the pipe diameter D of the gravity-immersed ballast tank. 13 Design, D 13 After the calculation is completed, the nominal diameter series of the ship's design piping should be selected. Specifically, for the nth gravity-submerged ballast tank, the diameter D of its gravity-submerged piping should be... 13 Represented as D 13n D 13n The nominal diameter series of the ship's design piping should be rounded down, resulting in: In the formula, V 12n Let V be the immersion volume of the nth gravity-immersed ballast tank. 12 ; Step S304: Determine the diameter D of the vent pipe in the gravity-immersed ballast tank. 14 Design, D 14 After the calculation is completed, the diameter of the vent pipe should be selected from the nominal diameter series of the ship's design piping. Specifically, for the nth gravity-submerged ballast tank, the diameter D of its vent pipe should be... 14 Represented as D 14n D 14n The nominal diameter series of the ship's design piping should be rounded down, resulting in: In the formula, v3 is the flow velocity in the ventilated pipe; Step S305: Determine the total area S of the vents in the top structure of the gravity-submerged ballast tank. 11 This is to quickly expel the air accumulated in the top structure of the gravity-submerged ballast tank and guide the design of structural openings. Specifically, for the nth gravity-submerged ballast tank, the total area S of the air vents in its top structure is... 11 Represented as S 11n Then we have: Step S306: Based on the top structure design of the gravity-immersed ballast tank, design regular structural ventilation holes while meeting structural strength requirements; Step S307: Calculate the total area of ​​the vent holes. If the total area is less than the requirement in step S305, proceed to step S308; if the total area is greater than or equal to the requirement in step S305, complete the design of the pre-loaded gravity immersion system. Step S308: Adjust the size or number of vent holes, then proceed to step S306.

8. The design method for a ship's rapid ballast system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S109, the relevant parameters of the pre-ballast adjusted include the capacity of the pre-ballast pumped ballast tank and the capacity of the pre-ballast gravity-immersed ballast tank. In step S114, adjusting the parameters of rapid ballast includes: adjusting the capacity of the rapid ballast pump ballast tank and the rapid ballast gravity immersion ballast tank, the ballast pump displacement and the pumping pipeline diameter, and the gravity immersion pipeline diameter, while keeping the total ballast capacity unchanged.

9. A design method for a ship's rapid ballast system as described in claim 6, characterized in that, Step S111 includes the following steps: Step S201: Determine the limiting flow velocity υ of the ballast pumping line. 21 ; Step S202: Determine the ballast pump displacement Q2. The final displacement of the ballast pump is the larger of Q1 and Q2. Step S203: Perform rapid ballast pump injection into the ballast tank, adjusting the injection pipe diameter D. 21 Design, D 21 After the calculation is completed, the nominal diameter should be selected from the series of pipes designed for shipbuilding. Step S204: Design the diameter of the venting pipe for the ballast tank to be injected into the rapid ballast pump. 22 Design, D 22 After the calculations are completed, the design of the rapid ballast pumping system should be completed by selecting from the nominal diameter series of the ship's design pipelines.

10. A design method for a ship's rapid ballast system as described in claim 6, characterized in that, Step S112 includes the following steps: Step S301: Based on the immersion volume V of the rapid ballast gravity immersion tank 22 The corresponding immersion height h2 is determined by the cabin capacity table; Step S302: Determine the average flow velocity υ of the ballast tank inlet pipe for rapid ballast gravity immersion. 22 ; Step S303: Determine the diameter D of the inlet pipe of the rapid ballast gravity immersion ballast tank. 23 Design, D 23 After the calculation is completed, the nominal diameter should be selected from the series of pipes designed for shipbuilding. Step S304: Determine the diameter D of the vent pipe of the rapid ballast gravity immersion ballast tank. 24 Design, D 24 After the calculation is completed, the nominal diameter should be selected from the series of pipes designed for shipbuilding. Step S305: Determine the total area S of the ventilation holes in the top structure of the rapid ballast gravity immersion ballast tank. 21 ; Step S306: Based on the top structure design of the rapid ballast gravity immersion ballast tank, design regular structural ventilation holes while meeting structural strength requirements; Step S307: Calculate the total area of ​​the vents. If the total area is less than the requirement in step S305, proceed to step S308; if the total area is greater than or equal to the requirement in step S305, complete the design of the rapid ballast gravity immersion system. Step S308: Adjust the size or number of vent holes, then proceed to step S306.

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