A residue unloading device and a carbonaceous material conversion and reforming reactor having the same.

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of carbonaceous material conversion and reforming technology, specifically to a residue unloading device and a carbonaceous material conversion and reforming reactor having the same. The residue unloading device includes: a unloading component body; a bubbling chamber and a unloading chamber disposed within the unloading component body, the bubbling chamber and the unloading chamber completely penetrating the unloading component body, the unloading chamber being connected to the discharge end of the bubbling chamber, the cross-sectional area of ​​the unloading chamber being smaller than that of the bubbling chamber, and a rounded chamfer at the connection between the unloading chamber and the bubbling chamber; and a diversion channel disposed within the side wall of the unloading component body, the inlet and outlet of the diversion channel being connected to the outside. By setting the bubbling chamber to be a chamber with a larger inner diameter than the unloading chamber, and by providing a rounded chamfer between the bubbling chamber and the unloading chamber for transition, when unloading is required, the inorganic residue is unloaded from the uniformly sized unloading chamber under air pressure guidance by controlling the pressure difference, thus eliminating the problem of unloading port blockage caused by the "wedge effect" of the conical unloading port during the unloading process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of carbonaceous material conversion and reforming technology, specifically to a residue unloading device and a carbonaceous material conversion and reforming reactor having the same. Background Technology

[0002] The carbonaceous material conversion and reforming reactor produces product gas from the carbonaceous material through conversion and reforming, with the residue discharged from the reactor in a stable molten liquid state. The reactor typically uses carbonaceous particulate matter as raw material and employs steam, oxygen, carbon dioxide, or mixtures thereof as oxidants. A mixed bed is formed through the reactor's non-cylindrical, variable-diameter design. Reforming agents such as steam, oxygen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, tar, or mixtures thereof are added to achieve secondary conversion and reforming of the carbonaceous material.

[0003] In existing technologies, the discharge channel of carbonaceous material conversion reactors is a tapered combination of cone and cylinder. The poor mixing and disturbance intensity of liquid slag and high-temperature flue gas, the inability to fully oxidize residual carbon and elemental metals mixed in the liquid slag, and the poor compatibility of ash components easily cause blockage at the discharge port. Moreover, the cone-shaped discharge port causes the inner diameter of the discharge channel to become smaller and smaller as the residual material moves in the discharge channel, resulting in a large "wedge effect". This intensifies the clamping force during blockage, often causing the internal discharge channel to be directly blocked and jammed, preventing the reactor from continuing to operate. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defect that the unloading channel of the carbon-containing material conversion and reforming reactor in the prior art is easily blocked, thereby providing a residue unloading device and a carbon-containing material conversion and reforming reactor having the same.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a residue unloading device, comprising:

[0006] The discharge part body;

[0007] The bubbling chamber and the unloading chamber are located inside the unloading component body. The bubbling chamber and the unloading chamber completely penetrate the unloading component body. The unloading chamber is connected to the discharge end of the bubbling chamber. The cross-sectional area of ​​the unloading chamber is smaller than that of the bubbling chamber. A rounded chamfer is provided at the connection between the unloading chamber and the bubbling chamber.

[0008] The diversion channel is located inside the side wall of the unloading component body, and both the inlet and outlet of the diversion channel are connected to the outside.

[0009] Optionally, multiple diversion channels are arranged in parallel along the circumference of the unloading component body.

[0010] Optionally, a diversion chamber and a collection chamber are provided in the side wall of the unloading component body. One end of the diversion channel is connected to the diversion chamber and the other end is connected to the collection chamber. The diversion chamber is located at the discharge end of the unloading component body, and the collection chamber is located at the feed end of the unloading component body.

[0011] Optionally, the diversion chamber is connected to an inlet pipe; and / or the collection chamber is connected to an outlet pipe.

[0012] Optionally, the feed end of the bubbling chamber is connected to a conical cavity, and the end of the conical cavity with a smaller inner diameter is connected to the bubbling chamber.

[0013] Optionally, an inner boss is provided on the inner wall of the bubbling cavity.

[0014] Optionally, the unloading component body includes:

[0015] The main assembly has a main collection trough on the outer wall of one end and a main diversion trough on the outer wall of the other end.

[0016] The first sub-assembly is installed at one end of the main assembly where the main collection trough is provided. The first sub-assembly is provided with a secondary collection trough, which together with the main collection trough forms a collection chamber.

[0017] The second sub-assembly is installed at one end of the main assembly where the main diversion channel is located. The second sub-assembly is equipped with a secondary diversion channel, which together with the main diversion channel forms a diversion chamber.

[0018] The present invention also provides a carbon-containing material conversion and reforming reactor, which has the residue unloading device described in the present invention.

[0019] Optionally, it also includes a slag melter, which is provided with an air outlet facing the discharge port of the unloading body.

[0020] Optionally, it also includes a residue pool, which is cone-shaped, with the smaller end of the residue pool connected to the feed inlet of the unloading component body.

[0021] The technical solution of this invention has the following advantages:

[0022] 1. The residue unloading device provided by the present invention includes: an unloading component body; a bubbling chamber and an unloading chamber disposed within the unloading component body, wherein the bubbling chamber and the unloading chamber completely penetrate the unloading component body, the unloading chamber is connected to the discharge end of the bubbling chamber, the cross-sectional area of ​​the unloading chamber is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the bubbling chamber, and a rounded chamfer is provided at the connection between the unloading chamber and the bubbling chamber; and a diversion channel disposed within the side wall of the unloading component body, wherein the inlet and outlet of the diversion channel are both connected to the outside.

[0023] The residue unloading device is installed at the outlet of the carbonaceous material conversion and reforming reactor. A heat carrier is introduced into the diversion channel to control the temperature of the unloading component body, protecting the interior of the unloading component body from high temperature, corrosion, and wear, while maintaining the slag temperature inside the unloading component body. When inorganic residue needs to be unloaded, by controlling the air pressure difference between the discharge end and the feed end of the unloading component body, under the action of the pressure difference and the gravity of the inorganic residue itself, the inorganic residue enters the unloading chamber from the bubbling chamber, completing the unloading process. When inorganic residue does not require unloading, the air pressure at the discharge end of the unloading component is increased, allowing high-temperature flue gas to enter the bubbling chamber from the lower part of the unloading component. This lifts the inorganic residue from bottom to top into the basin-shaped bubbling chamber, where it contacts, mixes, oxidizes, and heats with the inorganic residue flowing downwards. Simultaneously, the temperature control effect of the heat carrier in the distribution channel ensures that residual carbon and elemental metals in the inorganic residue are fully oxidized and melted at a suitable temperature, allowing for thorough mixing and fusion of all components. By setting the bubbling chamber to have a larger inner diameter than the unloading chamber and using a rounded chamfer for transition between the bubbling and unloading chambers, when unloading is not required, the rising flue gas from the smaller-diameter unloading chamber lifts the inorganic residue in the bubbling chamber. Combined with the temperature control effect of the heat carrier, this ensures more thorough mixing and agitation of the inorganic residue upon contact with the high-temperature flue gas, resulting in a more complete oxidation reaction of the residue at a suitable temperature. When unloading is required, the inorganic residue is unloaded from the uniformly sized unloading chamber under the guidance of air pressure by controlling the pressure difference. This can effectively eliminate the problem of unloading port blockage caused by the "wedge effect" of the conical unloading port.

[0024] 2. The residue unloading device provided by the present invention has a diversion chamber and a collection chamber arranged in the side wall of the unloading component body. One end of the diversion channel is connected to the diversion chamber, and the other end is connected to the collection chamber. The diversion chamber is located at the discharge end of the unloading component body, and the collection chamber is located at the feed end of the unloading component body. By connecting the inlets of multiple diversion channels to the diversion chamber and the outlets of multiple diversion channels to the collection chamber, the temperature of the heat carrier entering and exiting different diversion channels is kept consistent, thereby maintaining a uniform temperature distribution throughout the unloading component body and ensuring that the inorganic residue reacts at the same degree throughout the unloading component body.

[0025] 3. The residue unloading device provided by the present invention has a conical cavity connected to the feed end of the bubbling chamber, and the smaller end of the conical cavity is connected to the bubbling chamber. By setting a conical cavity upstream of the bubbling chamber as a transition section in the inlet area of ​​the bubbling chamber, the height of the conical cavity can be much smaller than the height of the bubbling chamber, thus avoiding a "wedge effect" and preventing blockage, and ensuring that the bubbling chamber can smoothly receive inorganic residues from upstream. Attached Figure Description

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the residue unloading device provided in the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the unloading section of a carbon-containing material conversion and reforming reactor provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Main assembly; 2. First sub-assembly; 3. Inner boss; 4. Diversion channel; 5. Composite layer; 6. Plug; 7. Diversion chamber; 8. Drainage channel; 9. Inlet pipe; 10. Outlet pipe; 11. Mounting boss; 12. Flow channel; 13. Collection chamber; 14. Heat recovery unit; 15. Shaped brick; 16. Irregular heat insulation material; 17. Neck butt weld flat cover; 18. Positioning ring; 19. Sealing packing; 20. Loose flange; 21. Fastening bolt; 22. Slag melter; 23. Slag film; 24. Second sub-assembly; 25. Discharge chamber; 26. Bubbling chamber; 27. Conical cavity; 28. Quenching zone; 29. ​​Residue pool. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0032] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0033] Furthermore, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] Figure 1 The image shows a residue unloading device provided in this embodiment, installed at the outlet of a carbonaceous material conversion and reforming reactor, used to unload inorganic residues from the reactor. This unloading device, also known as a discharger, slag remover, slag outlet, or slag discharge water jacket, is a key component of the slag discharge control system for a carbonaceous material conversion and reforming reactor. Its function is to cooperate with other components of the slag discharge control system to controllably discharge the molten residues generated by the carbonaceous material reaction as needed. It is applicable not only to a carbonaceous material conversion and reforming reactor but also to other gasification reactors, conversion reaction equipment, metallurgical equipment, or similar industrial fields with fixed-bed, fluidized-bed, or mixed-bed liquid slag discharge. It offers numerous advantages such as long trouble-free operation cycles, energy saving, and anti-clogging properties. The residue unloading device can be understood as a slag remover, slag outlet, or water jacket for unloading liquid slag, liquid metal, or their mixtures. The residue unloading device includes an unloading component body, a bubbling chamber 26 and an unloading chamber 25 that penetrate the unloading component body, and a diversion channel 4 disposed in the side wall of the unloading component.

[0036] In the residue unloading device, the bubbling chamber 26 and the unloading chamber 25 completely penetrate the unloading component body. The unloading chamber 25 is connected to the discharge end of the bubbling chamber 26. The cross-sectional area of ​​the unloading chamber 25 is smaller than that of the bubbling chamber 26. A rounded chamfer is provided at the connection between the unloading chamber 25 and the bubbling chamber 26. To facilitate the entry of inorganic residues from the bubbling chamber 26 into the bubbling chamber 26, a conical chamber 27 is connected to the feed end of the bubbling chamber 26. The end of the conical chamber 27 with a smaller inner diameter is connected to the bubbling chamber 26. The bubbling chamber 26 is a basin-shaped structure with a chamfered transition. The straight sides of the chamber body are cylindrical, and the bottom of the chamber is flat. There is a rounded transition between the chamber body and the bottom of the chamber. The unloading chamber 25 is selected as a regular polygon or cylinder with a rounded transition. The ratio of the height of the unloading chamber 25 to its equivalent diameter is 0.8 to 1.5. The purpose of the above-mentioned bubble chamber 26 and discharge chamber 25 is to ensure more thorough mixing and agitation of the inorganic residue after contact with the high-temperature flue gas, and to achieve a more complete oxidation reaction of the residue, thereby reducing the "wedge effect" and solving the problem of blockage at the discharge port during the slag discharge process. To facilitate the installation of the residue discharge device on the carbonaceous material conversion and reforming reactor, an annular mounting boss 11 is provided on the outside of the discharge component body. The mounting boss 11 can be an integral structure formed with the discharge component body, or it can be a flange structure separately installed on the outside of the discharge component. The differential pressure sealing on both sides of the inorganic residue discharge device is achieved by using sealing packing 19 outside the mounting boss 11.

[0037] The diversion channel 4 is located inside the side wall of the unloading component body, and both the inlet and outlet of the diversion channel 4 are connected to the outside. In this embodiment, to ensure uniform temperature distribution on the side wall of the unloading component body, multiple diversion channels 4 are arranged in parallel, with multiple diversion channels 4 spaced apart along the circumference of the unloading component body inside the side wall. To further ensure that the temperature of the heat carrier entering different diversion channels 4 is the same, a diversion chamber 7 and a collection chamber 13 are also provided inside the side wall of the unloading component body. One end of the diversion channel 4 is connected to the diversion chamber 7, and the other end is connected to the collection chamber 13. The diversion chamber 7 is located at the discharge end of the unloading component body, and the collection chamber 13 is located at the inlet end of the unloading component body. Both ends of the multiple diversion channels 4 are connected to the diversion chamber 7 and the collection chamber 13. To facilitate the introduction of heat carrier into the distribution chamber 7, an inlet pipe 9 is connected to the distribution chamber 7, extending to the outside of the side wall of the unloading component body. A distribution channel 4 connects the inlet pipe 9 and the distribution chamber 7. To facilitate the discharge of heat carrier from the collection chamber 13, an outlet pipe 10 is connected to the collection chamber 13, extending to the outside of the side wall of the unloading component body. A flow channel 12 connects the outlet pipe 10 and the collection chamber 13. The heat carrier is a fluid medium used to remove heat and cool and protect the unloading component body, including water or other liquids, liquefied gases, gases, etc. To increase the contact area between the inner wall of the bubbling chamber 26 and the inorganic residue inside, improve heat exchange efficiency, and improve the temperature stability of the inorganic residue inside the bubbling chamber 26, an inner boss 3 is provided on the inner side wall of the bubbling chamber 26. Two to ten annular inner protrusions 3 are set according to the height of the straight edge of the bubbling cavity 26. The height of the inner protrusions 3 is 4mm to 10mm, and the spacing between adjacent inner protrusions 3 is 5mm to 50mm. The number, height, and spacing of the inner protrusions 3 can be adjusted according to actual needs. The inner protrusions 3, in conjunction with the cooling effect of the heat carrier in the diversion channel 4, form a slag film 23 on the inner side of the bubbling cavity 26 to protect the bubbling cavity 26, reduce heat loss from high-temperature flue gas, and maintain a stable slag temperature inside the bubbling cavity 26.

[0038] To facilitate the formation of the collection chamber 13 and the diversion chamber 7 within the unloading component body, the unloading component body in this embodiment is formed in separate parts and then welded together. The unloading component body includes a first sub-assembly 2, a second sub-assembly 24, and a main assembly 1. A main collection groove is provided on the outer wall of one end of the main assembly 1, and a main diversion groove is provided on the outer wall of the other end. The first sub-assembly 2 is installed at the end of the main assembly 1 where the main collection groove is located, and a secondary collection groove is provided on the first sub-assembly 2. The secondary collection groove and the main collection groove together form the collection chamber 13. The second sub-assembly 24 is installed at the end of the main assembly 1 where the main diversion groove is located, and a secondary diversion groove is provided on the second sub-assembly 24. The secondary diversion groove and the main diversion groove together form the diversion chamber 7. Both the first sub-assembly 2 and the second sub-assembly 24 are welded to the main assembly 1.

[0039] Existing molten residue unloaders utilize either cast metal or alloy embedded tubes with a thermal conductivity of not less than 100 W / (mk) or welded jacket structures made of rolled or forged metal or alloys. Because the metal or alloy castings and the embedded tubes cannot be completely fused, significant thermal resistance exists at the connection points. Furthermore, the embedded tubes are limited by their bending radius and cannot be arranged according to ideal temperature differences. During casting, the embedded tubes are prone to softening, displacement, deformation, or perforation due to high temperatures; the solidification and shrinkage of the molten metal can also cause the embedded tubes to deviate from their ideal position. These drawbacks lead to localized ablation, grain growth cracking, and stress cracking failure under operating conditions in existing cast embedded tube technologies. Rolled or forged welded jacket structures have poor pressure-bearing capacity and are only suitable for situations with small pressure differences inside and outside the flow channel; excessively high pressure differences will cause deformation and failure.

[0040] To ensure the pressure resistance and heat transfer performance of the unloading component, in this embodiment, the main assembly 1, the first auxiliary assembly 2, and the second auxiliary assembly 24 are all manufactured using alloy or metal rolled parts, forgings, or dense castings with good thermal conductivity. Internal cooling channels are formed through machining processes such as drilling, milling, and turning. The cooling channels include a flow distribution chamber 7, a collection chamber 13, a flow distribution channel 4, a flow guide channel 8, and a flow delivery channel 12. The first auxiliary assembly 2 and the second auxiliary assembly 24 are welded to the main assembly 1 to form a single unit. The physical and chemical properties of the welding materials are the same as or similar to those of the main assembly 1, ensuring good weld fusion, sufficient connection strength, good heat transfer performance, and low thermal expansion stress. Each branch channel 4 has process holes formed on the surface of the main assembly 1 due to drilling and milling processes. Unnecessary process holes are threaded and sealed with plugs 6. To enhance sealing reliability, the outer end face of the plug 6 is recessed into the main assembly 1 by at least 10mm, and the recessed area is filled with filler weld. The physical and chemical properties of the filler weld material are the same as or similar to those of the main assembly 1, the first sub-assembly 2, or the second sub-assembly 24. This ensures heat transfer performance and avoids thermal stress generated within the unloading component due to differences in expansion coefficients during operation. The main assembly 1, the first sub-assembly 2, the second sub-assembly 24, and the plug 6 are welded together. The outer surface is coated with a wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant alloy using one or more methods such as spraying, welding, or electroplating. After coating, a surface composite layer 5 is formed as a protective layer by machining such as turning and grinding. The thickness of the composite layer 5 ranges from 0.5 to 5mm. This ensures good wear and corrosion resistance at the contact points between the unloading component and the process medium while controlling the stress between the composite layer 5 and the unloading component.

[0041] Five or more diversion channels 4 are provided to ensure uniform cooling and heat transfer of the unloading component body under operating conditions. These channels 4 can be connected in series or in parallel. In parallel connections, the different diversion channels 4 within the diversion chamber 7 and the collection chamber 13 are typically separated by partition structures. In this embodiment, no partition structures are used between the diversion channels 4. The inlet pipe 9 and outlet pipe 10 are used to connect to external heat carrier pipelines to supply and discharge heat carrier into and out of the cooling channel. The inlet pipe 9 and outlet pipe 10 are made of corrosion-resistant alloy material, giving them good pressure resistance, corrosion resistance, and weldability. The inlet pipe 9 and outlet pipe 10 are threaded to the unloading component body, and then an auxiliary seal is welded. The physical and chemical properties of the welding material are the same as or similar to those of the inlet pipe 9 and outlet pipe 10. To enhance the reliability of the connection seal and ensure high connection strength, in addition to the threaded connection, the main assembly 1 and the inlet pipe 9 and outlet pipe 10 are also sealed with fillet welds. The physical and chemical properties of the fillet weld material are the same as or similar to those of the inlet pipe 9 and the outlet pipe 10, to avoid leakage caused by electrochemical corrosion of the weld at the sealing point and to ensure that the connection has high connection strength.

[0042] To ensure smooth flow of the heat transfer fluid through the inlet pipe 9, the guide channel 8, the distribution chamber 7, the distribution channel 4, the collecting chamber 13, the delivery channel 12, and the outlet pipe 10, the inner diameter of the inlet pipe 9 is not less than the inner diameter of the guide channel 8; the inner diameters of the distribution chamber 7 and the guide channel 8 are not less than the sum of the inner diameters of the multiple distribution channels 4; the inner diameters of the collecting chamber 13 and the delivery channel 12 are not less than the sum of the inner diameters of the multiple distribution channels 4; and the inner diameter of the outlet pipe 10 is not less than the inner diameter of the delivery channel 12. This ensures that the flow velocity at each part of the flow channel is within a suitable range, guaranteeing heat transfer efficiency and thermal expansion stress, and preventing local overheating. The heat transfer fluid enters the distribution chamber 7 through the guide channel 8 from the inlet pipe 9, is distributed into different distribution channels 4 through the distribution chamber 7, exits through the distribution channels 4, enters the collecting chamber 13, enters the delivery channel 12 through the collecting chamber 13, and is finally discharged through the outlet pipe 10. After completing one heat exchange cycle, the temperature of the heat transfer fluid rises and the pressure decreases.

[0043] The residue unloading device provided in this embodiment is installed at the outlet of the carbonaceous material conversion and reforming reactor. A heat carrier is introduced into the diversion channel 4 to control the temperature of the unloading component body, protecting the interior of the unloading component body from high temperature, corrosion, and wear, while maintaining the slag temperature inside the unloading component. When inorganic residue needs to be unloaded, by controlling the air pressure difference between the discharge end and the feed end of the unloading component body, under the action of the pressure difference and the gravity of the inorganic residue itself, the inorganic residue enters the unloading chamber 25 from the bubbling chamber 26, completing the unloading process. When the inorganic residue does not need to be unloaded, the air pressure at the discharge end of the unloading component is increased, and the high-temperature flue gas enters the unloading chamber 25 at the bottom of the unloading component into the bubbling chamber 26 to lift the inorganic residue. The residue enters the basin-shaped bubbling chamber 26 from bottom to top, where it comes into contact with, mixes, oxidizes, and is heated with the inorganic residue coming from top to bottom. At the same time, with the temperature control effect of the heat carrier in the diversion channel 4, the residual carbon and elemental metals in the inorganic residue can be fully oxidized and melted at a suitable temperature, and the components can be fully mixed and fused together. By setting the bubbling chamber 26 to have a larger inner diameter than the unloading chamber 25, and providing a rounded chamfer between the bubbling chamber 26 and the unloading chamber 25 for transition, when unloading is not required, the flue gas rising from the smaller-diameter unloading chamber 25 lifts the inorganic residue in the bubbling chamber 26. Combined with the temperature control effect of the heat carrier, this ensures more thorough mixing and agitation of the inorganic residue upon contact with the high-temperature flue gas, resulting in a more complete oxidation reaction of the residue at a suitable temperature. Simultaneously, the heat carrier flowing in the diversion channel 4 cools the unloading components, preventing damage from the high temperature of the inorganic residue and ensuring long-term stable operation of the equipment. When unloading is required, controlling the pressure difference allows the inorganic residue to be unloaded from the uniformly sized unloading chamber 25 under air pressure guidance, effectively eliminating the problem of unloading port blockage caused by the "wedge effect" of the conical unloading port.

[0044] In existing technologies, the internal unloading channel is a tapered combination of a cone and a cylinder. Due to the viscosity resistance of the liquid slag, a bridging effect occurs in the high-temperature flue gas, resulting in high heat intensity and significant heat loss when the high-temperature flue gas contacts the conical section. The bridging effect refers to the phenomenon where heterogeneous substances such as solids, liquids, and mixtures contained in containers or vessels experience bridging at the edges, making the resistance less than at the center, allowing gas to easily pass through. In this embodiment, the residue unloading device is protected by a slag film 23 within the bubbling chamber 26, minimizing heat loss from the high-temperature flue gas, increasing the effective utilization rate of heat in the high-temperature flue gas, and significantly improving energy efficiency.

[0045] The residue unloading device provided in this embodiment achieves uniform heat transfer within the unloading component by setting multiple diversion channels 4, resulting in low temperature rise and small temperature differences between different parts. This solves the problems of grain growth and cracking caused by thermal stress after material heating. The second-phase manufacturing process is simple, uses less material, has low manufacturing cost, is easy to manufacture, and ensures manufacturing quality. The structure is wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant. Combining structural and manufacturing advantages, it has reliable performance and a longer trouble-free operating cycle. It has good pressure resistance, reliable sealing, and improved safety performance.

[0046] Example 2

[0047] Figure 2 The image shows a carbonaceous material conversion and reforming reactor provided in this embodiment, which has the residue unloading device described in Embodiment 1. The carbonaceous materials mentioned in this embodiment refer to various high-quality coal, low-value coal, inferior coal, peat, mixed briquetted coal, solid waste, solid carbonaceous biomass, heavy oil, and other solid and liquid combustible materials.

[0048] A slag melter 22 is circumferentially installed on the outer side of the lower end of the unloading component body of the residue unloading device. Multiple air outlets are provided on the slag melter, spaced apart circumferentially along the unloading component body, and all air outlets face the discharge port of the unloading component body. The slag melter 22 is a combustion device that uses gas, liquefied gas, liquid, or a mixture thereof as fuel to generate high-temperature flue gas.

[0049] A necked weld neck flat cover 17 is installed inside the carbonaceous material conversion and reforming reactor. The necked weld neck flat cover 17 has a stepped hole at its center. The discharge component of the residue discharge device is installed and connected to the hole at the center of the necked weld neck flat cover 17 via a mounting boss 11. Axial positioning and fixing are achieved using a loose flange 20 and fastening bolts 21, radial positioning and fixing are achieved using a positioning ring 18, and differential pressure sealing is achieved using a sealing packing assembly 19. Below the necked weld neck flat cover 17 is an inorganic residue quenching zone 28.

[0050] Above the necked butt-welded flat cover 17, there is a shaped brick 15. The back of the shaped brick is filled with an amorphous heat insulation material 16. A heat recovery device 14 is installed inside the amorphous heat insulation material 16. Multiple shaped bricks 15 form a stepped cone-shaped residue pool 29. The end of the residue pool 29 with the smaller inner diameter is connected to the feed port of the unloading component body.

[0051] The upper end of the unloading component of the residue unloading device is 10mm to 55mm higher than the necked butt-welded flat cover. Its purpose is to protect the heat recovery unit 14 and the necked butt-welded flat cover 17 from the high temperature damage caused by high-temperature flue gas and inorganic residue.

[0052] The conical cavity 27 at the upper end of the basin-shaped bubbling cavity 26 inside the unloading component of the residue unloading device is inclined at the same angle as the inner surface of the irregular brick 15. The purpose is to allow the inorganic residue to enter the bubbling cavity 26 smoothly while protecting the irregular brick 15 from the harm of high-temperature flue gas.

[0053] In this embodiment, the unloading component body of the residue unloading device is positioned and installed on the necked butt-welded flat cover 17 using a separate loose flange 20, making the installation and disassembly of the unloading component body convenient and quick.

[0054] A sealing filler 19 is provided between the necked butt-welded flat cover 17 of the unloading component body to ensure the reliability of the seal. The sealing filler 19 is used to withstand the total pressure difference when either side of the unloading component body loses pressure. The sealing filler 19 adopts pre-formed expansion filler, which is easy to install and can compensate for the pre-compression deformation caused by internal and external expansion.

[0055] Figure 2 The arrows from the inlet pipe 9 to the outlet pipe 10 indicate the direction of movement of the heat carrier. Inside the side wall of the unloading component, the heat carrier enters the diversion chamber 7 through the inlet pipe 9 from the external pipe, enters the diversion channel 4 through the diversion chamber 7, is collected by the collection chamber 13, and is sent into the external pipe through the outlet pipe 10. The temperature of the heat carrier increases and the pressure decreases, completing one heat conduction cycle.

[0056] Figure 2 The arrows pointing towards the unloading chamber at the middle unloading chamber indicate the direction of movement of the high-temperature flue gas generated by the slag melter 22, and the arrows pointing towards the outside of the unloading chamber indicate the unloading direction of the inorganic residue; in the residue pool 29, the upward arrows indicate the direction of movement of the high-temperature flue gas, and the downward arrows indicate the direction of movement of the inorganic residue. When inorganic residue needs to be unloaded, the pressure difference between the quenching zone 28 and the residue pool 29 is reduced. Under the action of the pressure difference and the gravity of the inorganic residue itself, the inorganic residue enters the quenching zone 28 from top to bottom through the unloading chamber 25 at the bottom of the unloading component of the residue unloading device, completing the unloading process. When inorganic residue does not need to be unloaded, the pressure difference between the quenching zone 28 and the residue pool 29 is increased. The high-temperature flue gas generated by the slag melter 22 lifts the inorganic residue through the unloading chamber 25 at the bottom of the unloading component of the residue unloading device and enters the basin-shaped bubbling chamber 26 from bottom to top. Here, it comes into contact with, mixes, oxidizes, and heats the inorganic residue flowing from top to bottom in the stepped cone-shaped residue pool 29. The residual carbon and elemental metals in the inorganic residue are fully oxidized and melted, and the various ash components are fully mixed and fused.

[0057] The basin-shaped bubbling cavity 26 has 2 to 10 annular inner bosses 3 along its straight edge, depending on the height of the straight edge. The height of the annular bosses is 4mm to 10mm, and the spacing between the bosses is 5mm to 50mm. The annular bosses, in conjunction with the cooling effect of the heat carrier in the diversion channel 4, form a slag film 23 on the inner side of the basin-shaped bubbling cavity 26. The slag film 23 not only protects the interior of the basin-shaped bubbling cavity 26 of the unloading component from high temperature, corrosion, and wear, but also reduces heat loss from high-temperature flue gas and maintains the slag temperature inside the basin-shaped bubbling cavity 26.

[0058] The inner cavity of the unloading component body is configured with a basin-shaped bubbling cavity 26 at the top and a regular polygonal or cylindrical unloading cavity 25 with a rounded transition at the bottom. The ratio of the height of the unloading cavity 25 to the equivalent diameter is 0.8 to 1.5. This configuration can eliminate the "wedge effect" caused by the conical unloading port and solve the problem of unloading port blockage during the unloading process.

[0059] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A residue unloading device, characterized in that, include: The discharge part body; A bubbling chamber (26) and a discharge chamber (25) are disposed within the body of the discharge component. The bubbling chamber (26) and the discharge chamber (25) completely penetrate the body of the discharge component. The discharge chamber (25) is connected to the discharge end of the bubbling chamber (26). The cross-sectional area of ​​the discharge chamber (25) is smaller than that of the bubbling chamber (26). A rounded chamfer is provided at the connection between the discharge chamber (25) and the bubbling chamber (26). The diversion channel (4) is located inside the side wall of the unloading component body, and the inlet and outlet of the diversion channel (4) are connected to the outside. The outer side of the unloading component body is provided with an annular mounting boss (11), and the mounting boss (11) is provided with a sealing filler (19). The ratio of the height of the unloading chamber (25) to its equivalent diameter is 0.8 to 1.5; An inner boss (3) is provided on the inner wall of the bubbling cavity (26).

2. The residue unloading device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diversion channel (4) is provided in parallel along the circumference of the unloading component body.

3. The residue unloading device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The unloading component body has a diversion chamber (7) and a collection chamber (13) inside its side wall. One end of the diversion channel (4) is connected to the diversion chamber (7), and the other end is connected to the collection chamber (13). The diversion chamber (7) is located at the discharge end of the unloading component body, and the collection chamber (13) is located at the feed end of the unloading component body.

4. The residue unloading device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The diversion chamber (7) is connected to an inlet pipe (9); and / or the collection chamber (13) is connected to an outlet pipe (10).

5. The residue unloading device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The feed end of the bubbling chamber (26) is connected to a conical cavity (27), and the smaller end of the conical cavity (27) is connected to the bubbling chamber (26).

6. The residue unloading device according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, The unloading component body includes: The main assembly (1) has a main collection groove on the outer wall of one end and a main diversion groove on the outer wall of the other end. The first sub-assembly (2) is installed at one end of the main assembly (1) where the main collection channel is provided. The first sub-assembly (2) is provided with a sub-collection channel, and the sub-collection channel and the main collection channel enclose the collection chamber (13). The second sub-assembly (24) is installed at one end of the main assembly (1) where the main diversion channel is provided. The second sub-assembly (24) is provided with a sub-diversion channel, and the sub-diversion channel and the main diversion channel enclose the diversion chamber (7).

7. A reforming reactor for converting carbonaceous materials, characterized in that, The device has the residue unloading device according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. The carbon-containing material conversion and reforming reactor according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes a slag melter (22) with an air outlet facing the discharge port of the unloading body.

9. The carbon-containing material conversion and reforming reactor according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes a residue pool (29), which is cone-shaped, and the end of the residue pool (29) with a smaller inner diameter is connected to the feed inlet of the unloading body.

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