An image processing method and apparatus

Abstract

The application discloses an image processing method. Since a visual illusion deformation pattern can generate length illusion, orientation illusion, perspective illusion, contrast illusion and other visual illusion deformation effects, the method fills an image region corresponding to a vehicle image in a to-be-processed image by using the visual illusion pattern, so that the vehicle image in the to-be-processed image is deformed. Thus, an observer observing the to-be-processed image can form an erroneous judgment and perception based on empiricism or improper reference, that is, an erroneous feeling of a figure generated based on empiricism or improper reference and not consistent with objective facts, so that the geometric features of the vehicle can be protected from being found.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of image processing technology, and in particular to an image processing method and apparatus. Background Technology

[0002] When a vehicle is driving on city roads, photos or videos of it are taken and uploaded to the internet, and the vehicle's geometric shape features spread across the network in a very short time. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method that prevents users from observing the vehicle's shape features when viewing an image of an object (such as a vehicle). Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides an image processing method and apparatus to fill the image region corresponding to the vehicle image in the image to be processed using optical illusion patterns. This can deform the vehicle image in the image to be processed, so that the observer viewing the image to be processed may make incorrect judgments and perceptions based on empiricism or inappropriate references. That is, when people observe objects, they may make incorrect judgments and perceptions based on empiricism or inappropriate references, resulting in an incorrect feeling that the graphic does not conform to objective facts, thereby protecting the geometric features of the vehicle from being discovered.

[0004] In a first aspect, this application provides an image processing method, the method comprising:

[0005] Acquire an image to be processed, wherein the image to be processed includes a vehicle image;

[0006] Vehicle recognition is performed on the image to be processed to obtain the image region corresponding to the vehicle image;

[0007] Generate optical illusion deformation patterns, wherein the optical illusion deformation patterns are deformation patterns that produce visual illusions;

[0008] The image region corresponding to the vehicle image in the image to be processed is filled using the optical illusion deformation pattern to obtain the processed image; wherein the image region corresponding to the vehicle image in the processed image is entirely composed of the optical illusion deformation pattern.

[0009] Optionally, the optical illusion deformation pattern is a large square nested with a small square, the small square and the large square are placed at a 45° angle to each other, and the center points of the small square and the large square are the same.

[0010] Optionally, the background of the large square is provided with straight line segments composed of alternating light and dark squares at preset intervals, and the straight line segments form a 45° angle with the horizontal line. The horizontal and vertical intervals between any two adjacent straight line segments are the preset intervals. The background of the small square is provided with straight line segments composed of alternating light and dark squares at preset intervals, and the straight line segments form a 45° angle with the vertical line. The horizontal and vertical intervals between any two adjacent straight line segments are the preset intervals.

[0011] Optionally, the side length of the large square is 117cm, the side length of the small square is 55cm, and the preset distance is 10cm.

[0012] Optionally, the RGB value of the background color of the pattern in the large square is (128, 128, 128).

[0013] Optionally, the RGB value of the outline of the small square is (140, 140, 140).

[0014] Optionally, the RGB values ​​of the alternating light and dark squares in the line segment are (10, 10, 10) and (210, 210, 210), respectively.

[0015] Secondly, this application provides an image processing apparatus, the apparatus comprising:

[0016] An image acquisition unit is used to acquire an image to be processed, wherein the image to be processed includes a vehicle image;

[0017] A vehicle recognition unit is used to perform vehicle recognition on the image to be processed, and obtain the image region corresponding to the vehicle image;

[0018] A pattern generation unit is used to generate optical illusion deformation patterns, wherein the optical illusion deformation patterns are deformation patterns that produce visual illusions;

[0019] The pattern filling unit uses the optical illusion deformation pattern to fill the image area corresponding to the vehicle image in the image to be processed, thereby obtaining the processed image; wherein the image area corresponding to the vehicle image in the processed image is entirely composed of the optical illusion deformation pattern.

[0020] Optionally, the optical illusion deformation pattern is a large square nested with a small square, the small square and the large square are placed at a 45° angle to each other, and the center points of the small square and the large square are the same.

[0021] Optionally, the background of the large square is provided with straight line segments composed of alternating light and dark squares at preset intervals, and the straight line segments form a 45° angle with the horizontal line. The horizontal and vertical intervals between any two adjacent straight line segments are the preset intervals. The background of the small square is provided with straight line segments composed of alternating light and dark squares at preset intervals, and the straight line segments form a 45° angle with the vertical line. The horizontal and vertical intervals between any two adjacent straight line segments are the preset intervals.

[0022] Optionally, the side length of the large square is 117cm, the side length of the small square is 55cm, and the preset distance is 10cm.

[0023] Optionally, the RGB value of the background color of the pattern in the large square is (128, 128, 128).

[0024] Optionally, the RGB value of the outline of the small square is (140, 140, 140).

[0025] Optionally, the RGB values ​​of the alternating light and dark squares in the line segment are (10, 10, 10) and (210, 210, 210), respectively.

[0026] Thirdly, this application provides a readable medium including executable instructions, which, when executed by a processor of an electronic device, cause the electronic device to perform any of the methods described in the first aspect.

[0027] Fourthly, this application provides an electronic device including a processor and a memory storing execution instructions, wherein when the processor executes the execution instructions stored in the memory, the processor performs the method as described in any of the first aspects.

[0028] As can be seen from the above technical solution, this application first acquires an image to be processed, which includes a vehicle image. Then, vehicle recognition is performed on the image to be processed to obtain the image region corresponding to the vehicle image. Next, an optical illusion deformation pattern is generated, which is a deformation pattern that produces a visual illusion. Immediately afterwards, the optical illusion deformation pattern is used to fill the image region corresponding to the vehicle image in the image to be processed, resulting in a processed image; wherein the image region corresponding to the vehicle image in the processed image is entirely composed of the optical illusion deformation pattern. In this application, since optical illusion deformation patterns can produce visual illusion deformation effects such as length illusion, orientation illusion, perspective illusion, and contrast illusion, by using optical illusion patterns to fill the image area corresponding to the vehicle image in the image to be processed, the vehicle image in the image to be processed can be deformed. In this way, the observer of the image to be processed may make incorrect judgments and perceptions based on empiricism or inappropriate references. That is, when people observe objects, they may make incorrect judgments and perceptions based on empiricism or inappropriate references, resulting in an incorrect feeling that the graphic does not conform to objective facts, thereby protecting the geometric features of the vehicle from being discovered.

[0029] The further effects of the aforementioned non-conventional preferred method will be explained below in conjunction with specific embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0030] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of this application or the existing technical solutions, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0031] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating an image processing method according to this application;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an optical illusion deformation pattern according to this application;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an image processing procedure according to this application;

[0034] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an image processing apparatus provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0035] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0036] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the technical solutions of this application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and corresponding drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0037] The inventors discovered that in existing technologies, when a vehicle is photographed or videotaped while driving on urban roads and uploaded to the internet, the vehicle's geometric shape and features are transmitted across the network in a very short time. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method that prevents users from observing the vehicle's external shape and features when viewing an image of an object (such as a vehicle).

[0038] Therefore, this application provides an image processing method. Specifically, in this application, since optical illusion deformation patterns can produce visual illusion deformation effects such as length illusion, orientation illusion, perspective illusion, and contrast illusion, by using optical illusion patterns to fill the image area corresponding to the vehicle image in the image to be processed, the vehicle image in the image to be processed can be deformed. In this way, the observer of the image to be processed may make incorrect judgments and perceptions based on empiricism or inappropriate references. That is, when people observe objects, they may make incorrect judgments and perceptions based on empiricism or inappropriate references, resulting in an incorrect feeling that the graphic does not conform to objective facts, thereby protecting the geometric features of the vehicle from being discovered.

[0039] The various non-limiting embodiments of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0040] See Figure 1 This illustration shows an image processing method according to an embodiment of this application. In this embodiment, the method may include, for example, the following steps:

[0041] S101: Obtain the image to be processed.

[0042] In this embodiment, the image to be processed can be understood as an image that requires image processing, specifically, a pattern that needs to deform the vehicle's body structure, overall shape, and major structural components in the image. It is understood that the image to be processed includes vehicle images. In fact, the image to be processed can be an original image captured by a terminal device, a black and white image obtained through binarization processing, or an image acquired through other methods.

[0043] S102: Perform vehicle recognition on the image to be processed to obtain the image region corresponding to the vehicle image.

[0044] After acquiring the image to be processed, vehicle recognition can be performed on the image to obtain the image region corresponding to the vehicle image. For example, a trained neural network model or image recognition algorithm can be used to identify the image region corresponding to the vehicle image in the image to be processed. Specifically, the outline and corresponding position of the vehicle image in the image to be processed can be identified. For example, as... Figure 3 As shown, it is possible to... Figure 3 Vehicle identification is performed on image (a) to obtain the image region corresponding to the vehicle image.

[0045] S103: Generate optical illusion deformation patterns.

[0046] The optical illusion deformation pattern is a deformation pattern that produces visual illusions. For example, optical illusion deformation patterns can produce deformation effects such as length illusion, orientation illusion, perspective illusion, and contrast illusion.

[0047] In this embodiment, as Figure 2As shown, the optical illusion pattern consists of a large square nested within a smaller square. The smaller squares and the large square are placed at a 45° angle, and their center points are the same. On the background of the large square, there are line segments composed of alternating light and dark squares at predetermined intervals, with each line segment forming a 45° angle with a horizontal line. The horizontal and vertical intervals between any two adjacent line segments are the predetermined intervals. Similarly, on the background of the smaller square, there are line segments composed of alternating light and dark squares at predetermined intervals, with each line segment forming a 45° angle with a vertical line. The horizontal and vertical intervals between any two adjacent line segments are the predetermined intervals. In one implementation, the side length of the large square is 117cm, the side length of the smaller square is 55cm, and the predetermined intervals can be 10cm. In one implementation, the RGB values ​​of the background color of the pattern in the large square can be (128, 128, 128), and the RGB values ​​of the background color of the pattern in the small square can also be (128, 128, 128). The RGB values ​​of the outline of the small square are (140, 140, 140); the RGB values ​​of the alternating light and dark squares in the straight line segment are (10, 10, 10) and (210, 210, 210), respectively. It is understandable that the optical illusion distortion pattern utilizes the principle of foreground and background changes in optical illusions. Optical illusions are ubiquitous and largely a reversal of visual constancy, such as length illusions, orientation illusions, perspective illusions, and contrast illusions. This optical illusion distortion pattern places objects of the same color in adjacent positions, and each contrasting shadow edge will have a false shadow. The optical illusion distortion pattern places two objects of the same color against different contrasting backgrounds, resulting in the objects appearing to have different colors. Furthermore, optical illusion distorted patterns use a gradient, along with a center line, to create the impression that one side of the optical illusion distorted pattern is actually darker than the other side, when in reality, both parts are the same size.

[0048] Specifically, the process of generating optical illusion deformation patterns may include the following steps: First, a square region (i.e., a large square) with a side length of a first preset side length (e.g., 117cm) can be drawn, and the RGB of the background color of the square region of the large square is (128, 128, 128). Then, a square region (i.e., a small square) with a side length of a second preset side length (e.g., 55cm) can be drawn, and the RGB of the background color of the square region of the small square is (128, 128, 128), and the RGB of the outline of the square region of the small square is (140, 140, 140); wherein, the small square and the large square are placed at a 45° angle to each other, and the center points of the small square and the large square are the same. Next, within the large square area, draw straight line segments consisting of alternating light and dark squares tilted 45° to the right. The interval between adjacent line segments is 10cm, and all line segments are parallel. The RGB values ​​of the light and dark blocks (i.e., the alternating light and dark squares) are (10, 10, 10) and (210, 210, 210), respectively. Then, within the small square area, draw straight line segments consisting of alternating light and dark squares tilted 45° to the left. The interval between adjacent line segments is 10cm, and all line segments are parallel. The RGB values ​​of the light and dark blocks (i.e., the alternating light and dark squares) are (10, 10, 10) and (210, 210, 210), respectively. This creates an optical illusion pattern.

[0049] S104: Using the optical illusion deformation pattern, fill the image region corresponding to the vehicle image in the image to be processed to obtain the processed image.

[0050] In this embodiment, after determining the image region corresponding to the vehicle image in the image to be processed, multiple optical illusion deformation patterns can be stitched together in the image region corresponding to the vehicle image, so that the image region corresponding to the vehicle image is filled with multiple optical illusion deformation patterns, thereby obtaining the processed image. For example, as... Figure 3 As shown, optical illusion deformation patterns are used to... Figure 3 By filling the image region corresponding to the vehicle image in image (a), the processed image can be obtained. Figure 3 Image (b) in the image.

[0051] It should be noted that the original target vehicle (i.e., the image to be processed) and the vehicle of the optical illusion pattern (i.e., the processed image to be processed) can be obtained by calculating the deformation degree based on the image feature parameter space, as shown in Table 1.

[0052]

[0053] As can be seen from Table 1, the deformation degree of the vehicle after drawing the pattern is 1.4532, indicating that it can perform better deformation of the target vehicle's shape features.

[0054] As can be seen from the above technical solution, this application first acquires an image to be processed, which includes a vehicle image. Then, vehicle recognition is performed on the image to be processed to obtain the image region corresponding to the vehicle image. Next, an optical illusion deformation pattern is generated, which is a deformation pattern that produces a visual illusion. Immediately afterwards, the optical illusion deformation pattern is used to fill the image region corresponding to the vehicle image in the image to be processed, resulting in a processed image; wherein the image region corresponding to the vehicle image in the processed image is entirely composed of the optical illusion deformation pattern. In this application, since optical illusion deformation patterns can produce visual illusion deformation effects such as length illusion, orientation illusion, perspective illusion, and contrast illusion, by using optical illusion patterns to fill the image area corresponding to the vehicle image in the image to be processed, the vehicle image in the image to be processed can be deformed. In this way, the observer of the image to be processed may make incorrect judgments and perceptions based on empiricism or inappropriate references. That is, when people observe objects, they may make incorrect judgments and perceptions based on empiricism or inappropriate references, resulting in an incorrect feeling that the graphic does not conform to objective facts, thereby protecting the geometric features of the vehicle from being discovered.

[0055] like Figure 4 The image shown is a specific embodiment of the image processing apparatus described in this application. The apparatus described in this embodiment is a physical device for performing the method described in the above embodiments. Its technical solution is essentially the same as that of the above embodiments, and the corresponding descriptions in the above embodiments are also applicable to this embodiment. The apparatus in this embodiment includes:

[0056] Image acquisition unit 401 is used to acquire an image to be processed, wherein the image to be processed includes a vehicle image;

[0057] Vehicle recognition unit 402 is used to perform vehicle recognition on the image to be processed to obtain the image region corresponding to the vehicle image;

[0058] Pattern generation unit 403 is used to generate optical illusion deformation patterns, wherein the optical illusion deformation patterns are deformation patterns that produce visual illusions;

[0059] The pattern filling unit 404 uses the optical illusion deformation pattern to fill the image area corresponding to the vehicle image in the image to be processed, thereby obtaining the processed image; wherein, the image area corresponding to the vehicle image in the processed image is entirely composed of the optical illusion deformation pattern.

[0060] Optionally, the optical illusion deformation pattern is a large square nested with a small square, the small square and the large square are placed at a 45° angle to each other, and the center points of the small square and the large square are the same.

[0061] Optionally, the background of the large square is provided with straight line segments composed of alternating light and dark squares at preset intervals, and the straight line segments form a 45° angle with the horizontal line. The horizontal and vertical intervals between any two adjacent straight line segments are the preset intervals. The background of the small square is provided with straight line segments composed of alternating light and dark squares at preset intervals, and the straight line segments form a 45° angle with the vertical line. The horizontal and vertical intervals between any two adjacent straight line segments are the preset intervals.

[0062] Optionally, the side length of the large square is 117cm, the side length of the small square is 55cm, and the preset distance is 10cm.

[0063] Optionally, the RGB value of the background color of the pattern in the large square is (128, 128, 128).

[0064] Optionally, the RGB value of the outline of the small square is (140, 140, 140).

[0065] Optionally, the RGB values ​​of the alternating light and dark squares in the line segment are (10, 10, 10) and (210, 210, 210), respectively.

[0066] As can be seen from the above technical solution, since optical illusion deformation patterns can produce visual illusion deformation effects such as length illusion, orientation illusion, perspective illusion, and contrast illusion, this device can use optical illusion patterns to fill the image area corresponding to the vehicle image in the image to be processed, which can deform the vehicle image in the image to be processed. In this way, the observer of the image to be processed will make incorrect judgments and perceptions based on empiricism or inappropriate references. That is, when people observe objects, they can make incorrect judgments and perceptions based on empiricism or inappropriate references, and have an incorrect feeling about the graphic that does not conform to objective facts, thereby protecting the geometric features of the vehicle from being discovered.

[0067] Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application. At the hardware level, the electronic device includes a processor, and optionally also includes an internal bus, a network interface, and a memory. The memory may include RAM, such as high-speed random-access memory (RAM), or non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device. Of course, the electronic device may also include other hardware required for other services.

[0068] The processor, network interface, and memory can be interconnected via an internal bus, which can be an ISA (Industry Standard Architecture) bus, a PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) bus, or an EISA (Extended Industry Standard Architecture) bus, etc. This bus can be divided into address bus, data bus, control bus, etc. For ease of representation, Figure 5 The symbol is represented by a single double-headed arrow, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0069] Memory is used to store instructions for execution. Specifically, instructions for execution are computer programs that can be executed. Memory can include main memory and non-volatile memory, and it provides the processor with execution instructions and data.

[0070] In one possible implementation, the processor reads the corresponding execution instructions from non-volatile memory into memory and then executes them. Alternatively, it may obtain the corresponding execution instructions from other devices to form an image processing device at the logical level. The processor executes the execution instructions stored in memory to implement the image processing method provided in any embodiment of this application through the executed instructions.

[0071] The above is as stated in this application. Figure 1The image processing apparatus provided in the illustrated embodiment executes a method that can be applied to a processor or implemented by a processor. The processor may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. During implementation, each step of the above method can be completed by integrated logic circuits in the processor's hardware or by instructions in software form. The processor may be a general-purpose processor, including a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Network Processor (NP), etc.; it may also be a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, or discrete hardware components. It can implement or execute the methods, steps, and logic block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of this application. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.

[0072] The steps of the method disclosed in the embodiments of this application can be directly manifested as being executed by a hardware decoding processor, or executed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor. The software modules can reside in random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable memory, registers, or other mature storage media in the art. This storage medium is located in memory, and the processor reads information from the memory and, in conjunction with its hardware, completes the steps of the above method.

[0073] This application also proposes a readable medium that stores execution instructions. When the stored execution instructions are executed by the processor of an electronic device, the electronic device can execute the image processing method provided in any embodiment of this application, and specifically perform the above-mentioned image processing method.

[0074] The electronic devices described in the foregoing embodiments may be computers.

[0075] Those skilled in the art will understand that the embodiments of this application can be provided as methods or computer program products. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or a combination of software and hardware.

[0076] The various embodiments in this application are described in a progressive manner. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to mutually. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments. In particular, the device embodiments are basically similar to the method embodiments, so the description is relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to the descriptions of the method embodiments.

[0077] It should also be noted that the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0078] The above description is merely an embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. An image processing method, characterized in that, The method includes: Acquire an image to be processed, wherein the image to be processed includes a vehicle image; Vehicle recognition is performed on the image to be processed to obtain the image region corresponding to the vehicle image; Generate optical illusion deformation patterns, wherein the optical illusion deformation patterns are deformation patterns that produce visual illusions; The image region corresponding to the vehicle image in the image to be processed is filled with the optical illusion deformation pattern to obtain the processed image; wherein the image region corresponding to the vehicle image in the processed image is entirely composed of the optical illusion deformation pattern. The optical illusion deformation pattern consists of a large square nested within a smaller square, with the smaller square and the larger square intersecting at a 45° angle, and the center points of the smaller square and the larger square being the same. The large square has a background of alternating light and dark squares arranged at preset intervals, with each straight line segment forming a 45° angle with a horizontal line. The horizontal and vertical intervals between any two adjacent straight line segments are the preset intervals. The small square also has a background of alternating light and dark squares arranged at preset intervals, with each straight line segment forming a 45° angle with a vertical line. The horizontal and vertical intervals between any two adjacent straight line segments are the preset intervals.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The large square has a side length of 117cm, the small square has a side length of 55cm, and the preset distance is 10cm.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The RGB value of the background color of the pattern in the large square is (128, 128, 128).

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The RGB value of the outline of the small square is (140, 140, 140).

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The RGB values ​​of the alternating light and dark squares in the line segment are (10, 10, 10) and (210, 210, 210).

6. An image processing apparatus, characterized in that, The device includes: An image acquisition unit is used to acquire an image to be processed, wherein the image to be processed includes a vehicle image; A vehicle recognition unit is used to perform vehicle recognition on the image to be processed, and obtain the image region corresponding to the vehicle image; A pattern generation unit is used to generate optical illusion deformation patterns, wherein the optical illusion deformation patterns are deformation patterns that produce visual illusions; The pattern filling unit uses the optical illusion deformation pattern to fill the image area corresponding to the vehicle image in the image to be processed, thereby obtaining the processed image; wherein, the image area corresponding to the vehicle image in the processed image is entirely composed of the optical illusion deformation pattern. The optical illusion deformation pattern consists of a large square nested within a smaller square, with the smaller square and the larger square intersecting at a 45° angle, and the center points of the smaller square and the larger square being the same. The large square has a background of alternating light and dark squares arranged at preset intervals, with each straight line segment forming a 45° angle with a horizontal line. The horizontal and vertical intervals between any two adjacent straight line segments are the preset intervals. The small square also has a background of alternating light and dark squares arranged at preset intervals, with each straight line segment forming a 45° angle with a vertical line. The horizontal and vertical intervals between any two adjacent straight line segments are the preset intervals.

7. A readable medium, characterized in that, The readable medium includes execution instructions that, when executed by the processor of the electronic device, cause the electronic device to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1-5.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device includes a processor and a memory storing execution instructions. When the processor executes the execution instructions stored in the memory, the processor performs the method as described in any one of claims 1-5.

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