Fuel cell system control method, device, storage medium, and electronic device

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of fuel cell system control method, device, storage medium and electronic equipment.It relates to the field of fuel cell, and the method comprises: based on the operating demand power of fuel cell system and external environment parameter, determine the target air flow of air circuit in fuel cell system and target inlet stack pressure;Current operating power of fuel cell system is obtained;Based on current operating power and operating demand power, determine target change order;According to target change order, based on target air flow, using target PID flow feedback control loop controls the air flow into fuel cell stack, and based on target inlet stack pressure, using target PID pressure feedback control loop controls the inlet stack pressure into fuel cell stack.The application solves the technical problem that the air flow and inlet stack pressure control accuracy of fuel cell system control method in related art is low under the condition of frequent load variation and environmental condition variation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fuel cells, and more specifically, to a fuel cell system control method, apparatus, storage medium, and electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrogen fuel cells are power generation devices that directly convert hydrogen and oxidant into electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction. They currently have broad application prospects and are developing rapidly. The air circuit is a crucial component of the fuel cell. During operation, the airflow and infeed pressure of the air circuit system must meet control targets. This is to prevent insufficient airflow from damaging the fuel cell stack, to avoid excessively low infeed pressure from affecting stack performance, and to prevent pressure fluctuations from damaging the proton exchange membrane.

[0003] Fuel cells often operate under frequent load variations within the range of 10% to 100%, and the required airflow and infeed pressure in the air loop vary depending on the operating conditions. However, pressure and flow are strongly coupled and influence each other during air loop operation and control. Existing air loop controls mostly employ simple feedback controllers, adding pressure regulation to flow loop control. Controller parameters are often set based on experience, and the inability to optimize parameters and the simplicity of the control strategy make it difficult for the loop to quickly track the control target during frequent load variations, resulting in poor control performance. The control performance deteriorates further when ambient temperature and pressure change.

[0004] There is currently no effective solution to the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a fuel cell system control method, apparatus, storage medium, and electronic device to at least solve the technical problem of low accuracy in controlling airflow and stack pressure under frequent load changes and environmental condition variations in related fuel cell system control methods.

[0006] According to one aspect of the present invention, a fuel cell system control method is provided, comprising: determining a target airflow rate and a target infeed pressure of the air loop in the fuel cell system based on the operating power demand of the fuel cell system and external environmental parameters, wherein the external environmental parameters include at least: external ambient temperature and external ambient pressure; acquiring the current operating power of the fuel cell system; determining a target change sequence based on the current operating power and the operating power demand, wherein the target change sequence is used to indicate the adjustment sequence of the airflow rate and infeed pressure entering the fuel cell stack; controlling the airflow rate entering the fuel cell stack using a target PID flow feedback control loop based on the target airflow rate according to the target change sequence, and controlling the infeed pressure entering the fuel cell stack using a target PID pressure feedback control loop based on the target infeed pressure.

[0007] According to another aspect of the present invention, a fuel cell system control device is also provided, comprising: a first determining module, configured to determine a target airflow rate and a target infeed pressure of the air loop in the fuel cell system based on the operating power demand of the fuel cell system and external environmental parameters, wherein the external environmental parameters include at least: external ambient temperature and external ambient pressure; an acquiring module, configured to acquire the current operating power of the fuel cell system; a second determining module, configured to determine a target change sequence based on the current operating power and the operating power demand, wherein the target change sequence is used to indicate the adjustment sequence of the airflow rate and infeed pressure entering the fuel cell stack; and a control module, configured to control the airflow rate entering the fuel cell stack using a target PID flow feedback control loop based on the target airflow rate according to the target change sequence, and to control the infeed pressure entering the fuel cell stack using a target PID pressure feedback control loop based on the target infeed pressure.

[0008] According to another aspect of the present invention, a non-volatile storage medium is also provided, the non-volatile storage medium storing a plurality of instructions adapted for loading by a processor and executing any one of the fuel cell system control methods described herein.

[0009] According to another aspect of the present invention, an electronic device is also provided, including one or more processors and a memory, the memory being used to store one or more programs, wherein when the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors cause the one or more processors to implement any of the fuel cell system control methods described above.

[0010] In this embodiment of the invention, by acquiring historical test data corresponding to the air loop in the fuel cell system, wherein the historical test data includes at least: determining the target airflow and target stack pressure of the air loop in the fuel cell system based on the operating power demand and external environmental parameters of the fuel cell system, wherein the external environmental parameters include at least: external ambient temperature and external ambient pressure; acquiring the current operating power of the fuel cell system; determining the target change sequence based on the current operating power and the operating power demand, wherein the target change sequence is used to indicate the adjustment sequence of the airflow and stack pressure entering the fuel cell stack; according to the target change sequence, based on the target airflow, using a target PID flow feedback control loop to control the airflow entering the fuel cell stack, and based on the target stack pressure, using a target PID pressure feedback control loop to control the stack pressure entering the fuel cell stack, the goal of accurately controlling the airflow and stack pressure under frequent load changes and environmental condition variations is achieved. This achieves the technical effect of improving the control accuracy of the airflow and stack pressure corresponding to the air loop in the fuel cell system, thereby solving the technical problem of low control accuracy of airflow and stack pressure in related fuel cell system control methods under frequent load changes and environmental condition variations. Attached Figure Description

[0011] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and, together with their description, serve to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0012] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell system control method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0013] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an optional air circuit structure for a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0014] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an optional fuel cell system control method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell system control device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of an optional fuel cell system control device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of the invention described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0019] The main control methods for fuel cell systems in related technologies are as follows:

[0020] (1) The fuel cell air circuit control system utilizes multiple valve devices in coordination, with each valve opening and closing independently to adapt to different operating conditions of the fuel cell. However, this method is only applicable to air circuit pressure control and is difficult to achieve flow control, and the coordination of multiple valve controls is relatively complex.

[0021] (2) Using the PageRank algorithm (PR), the air circuit flow and pressure are controlled by adjusting the back pressure valve opening and the air compressor speed based on the difference between the given pressure and the feedback pressure, as well as the difference between the given flow and the feedback flow. However, this method fails to overcome the challenges of variable load processes, resulting in significant air flow fluctuations and making it difficult to solve the problem of insufficient air flow in the air compressor.

[0022] (3) The fuel cell air circuit flow control module sends a set speed signal to the compressor controller based on the set fresh air volume and the mass correction coefficient of the I integral module; the compressor controller drives the air compressor to regulate the air flow based on the set speed signal. However, the performance of the air compressor varies under different environmental conditions, making it difficult to adapt to different environmental conditions.

[0023] (4) During system startup, the controller fully opens both the intake and exhaust throttle valves and operates the air compressor at the first speed. After the controller obtains the exhaust throttle valve setting, transition opening, and transition time based on the fuel cell test conditions, it starts timing and simultaneously outputs the current exhaust throttle valve opening. When the timing time matches the transition time, a smooth switching strategy for the exhaust throttle valve control is implemented, effectively avoiding air compressor surge faults. This method can solve the surge problem during startup, but its improvement in control quality is limited.

[0024] Based on the above embodiments of the present invention, a method embodiment for controlling a fuel cell system is provided. It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart in the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions. Furthermore, although a logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described may be executed in a different order than that shown here.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a fuel cell system control method according to an embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the method includes the following steps:

[0026] Step S102: Based on the operating power requirements of the fuel cell system and external environmental parameters, determine the target air flow rate and target stack pressure of the air loop in the fuel cell system. The external environmental parameters include at least the external ambient temperature and the external ambient pressure.

[0027] Optionally, the required airflow and infeed pressure of the fuel cell stack will vary depending on the load of the fuel cell system. Based on this, the target airflow and target infeed pressure are determined according to the load (i.e., the operating power requirement). The control results of airflow and infeed pressure obtained on this basis are more accurate and reliable.

[0028] Step S104: Obtain the current operating power of the fuel cell system;

[0029] Step S106: Based on the current operating power and the operating power demand, determine the target change sequence, wherein the target change sequence is used to indicate the adjustment sequence of the air flow rate and the infeed pressure entering the fuel cell stack.

[0030] In one optional embodiment, determining the target change sequence based on the current operating power and the operating power demand includes: when the operating power demand is greater than the current operating power, the target change sequence is determined as follows: firstly controlling the airflow entering the fuel cell stack based on the target airflow rate, and after controlling the airflow entering the fuel cell stack for a preset first duration, controlling the infeed pressure entering the fuel cell stack based on the target infeed pressure; when the operating power demand is less than the current operating power, the target change sequence is determined as follows: firstly controlling the infeed pressure entering the fuel cell stack based on the target infeed pressure, and after controlling the infeed pressure entering the fuel cell stack for a preset second duration, controlling the airflow entering the fuel cell stack based on the target airflow rate.

[0031] Optionally, when the operating power demand exceeds the current operating power (i.e., during the load increase process), the target airflow rate is prioritized, and the airflow rate entering the fuel cell stack is controlled for an appropriate time interval (i.e., a preset first duration). Then, the target infeed pressure is controlled. When the current operating power demand is less than the current operating power (i.e., during the load decrease process), the target infeed pressure is prioritized, and the infeed pressure entering the fuel cell stack is controlled for an appropriate time interval (i.e., a preset second duration). Then, the target airflow rate is issued to control the airflow. This method enables reliable and stable regulation of the fuel cell airflow and pressure under frequent load changes and varying environmental conditions.

[0032] Step S108: According to the target change sequence, based on the target air flow rate, a target PID flow rate feedback control loop is used to control the air flow rate entering the fuel cell stack, and based on the target infeed pressure, a target PID pressure feedback control loop is used to control the infeed pressure entering the fuel cell stack.

[0033] Optionally, the target PID flow feedback control loop aims to control the airflow based on the deviation between the actual airflow and the target airflow, so that the actual airflow approaches the target airflow. Similarly, the target PID pressure feedback control loop aims to control the reactor injection pressure based on the deviation between the actual reactor injection pressure and the target reactor injection pressure, so that the actual reactor injection pressure approaches the target reactor injection pressure. By establishing PID feedback control loops for airflow and reactor injection pressure respectively, and performing feedback control on both, the decoupling of airflow and reactor injection pressure control can be maximized, improving regulation accuracy.

[0034] In an optional embodiment, the method further includes: when the operating power requirement is greater than the current operating power, controlling the target airflow to increase, wherein the increased target airflow is greater than the standard airflow corresponding to the operating power at the corresponding time; after the current operating power reaches the operating power requirement for a preset third time period, reducing the increased target airflow to the standard airflow corresponding to the operating power requirement.

[0035] Optionally, for airflow control, priority is given to determining the corresponding flow targets under different loads. During load changes, the actual given flow target is appropriately adjusted to avoid insufficient airflow during operation. Specifically, during load increases, the flow control target initially jumps; after the load increase ends, the flow control target is a certain value higher than the initial loop flow target, and then gradually decreases. Through this method, during load increases, the actual given flow target is appropriately adjusted so that the increased target airflow is greater than the standard airflow corresponding to the operating power at the corresponding moment, thus avoiding insufficient airflow during operation. This method enables reliable and stable control of fuel cell airflow and pressure under frequent load changes and varying environmental conditions.

[0036] In an optional embodiment, the method further includes: when the operating power requirement is less than the current operating power, controlling the target airflow to decrease, wherein the decreased target airflow is greater than the standard airflow corresponding to the operating power at the corresponding time; and after the current operating power reaches the operating power for a preset fourth time period, reducing the decreased target airflow to the standard airflow corresponding to the operating power.

[0037] Optionally, during the load reduction process, the material current decreases with a delay. After the stack current decreases for a period, the material current subsequently decreases and reaches the set value after the stack current. Furthermore, the airflow control target load reduction rate decreases more slowly than the initial target flow rate. Through this method, the actual given flow rate target is appropriately adjusted during the load reduction process, ensuring that the reduced target airflow is greater than the standard airflow corresponding to the operating power at that moment, thus avoiding insufficient airflow during operation. This approach enables reliable and stable control of fuel cell airflow and pressure under frequent load changes and varying environmental conditions.

[0038] In one optional embodiment, based on a target airflow rate, a target PID flow feedback control loop is used to control the airflow rate entering the fuel cell stack. This includes: acquiring the actual airflow rate entering the fuel cell stack during airflow control; determining the feedforward speed of the air compressor based on the target airflow rate, external environmental parameters, and a first graph, wherein the first graph indicates the correspondence between the air compressor speed, airflow rate, and pressure ratio, and the pressure ratio indicates the ratio of the air compressor outlet pressure to the inlet pressure; adjusting the air compressor speed using the target PID flow feedback control loop based on the deviation between the target airflow rate and the actual airflow rate, obtaining the feedback air compressor speed output by the target PID flow feedback control loop; and controlling the air compressor to adjust from the feedforward speed to the feedback air compressor speed to regulate the airflow rate entering the fuel cell stack.

[0039] Optionally, the first graph is an air compressor speed-flow-pressure ratio map, indicating the correspondence between air compressor speed, air flow, and pressure ratio. Air flow is adjusted by regulating the air compressor speed. The feedforward speed of the air compressor is determined based on the actual air flow and the ambient temperature of the fuel cell stack, taking into account the influence of ambient temperature on air flow. Multiple first graphs can be used (each corresponding to a different external ambient temperature). First, based on the ambient temperature of the fuel cell stack, a target graph corresponding to that temperature is selected from multiple first graphs. Then, based on the actual air flow and the actual pressure ratio (obtained from the external ambient pressure), the feedforward speed of the air compressor can be determined from the target graph. Through PID feedback regulation of the air flow, the feedback air flow can be obtained. Then, by referring to the target graph, the feedback air compressor speed can be determined. Adjusting the air compressor to the feedback air compressor speed regulates the air flow of the fuel cell stack. By using the above methods, in the process of determining the air compressor speed, not only air flow rate and pressure ratio factors are considered, but also the influence of ambient temperature factors are taken into account. The air compressor speed obtained in this way is more accurate and reliable, which makes the air flow rate entering the fuel cell stack closer to the actual load requirements of the fuel cell system, so as to avoid the occurrence of flow deviation and underflow as much as possible.

[0040] In one optional embodiment, based on the target infeed pressure, a target PID pressure feedback control loop is used to control the infeed pressure entering the fuel cell stack, including: during the infeed pressure control process, acquiring the actual infeed pressure entering the fuel cell stack; determining the feedforward opening of the throttle valve based on the actual infeed pressure or operating power requirement, and a second graph, wherein the second graph is used to indicate the correspondence between the throttle valve opening and the infeed pressure, or to indicate the correspondence between the throttle valve opening and the operating power requirement; according to the deviation between the target infeed pressure and the actual infeed pressure, using the target PID pressure feedback control loop to perform feedback regulation on the throttle valve, obtaining the feedback throttle valve opening output by the target PID pressure feedback control loop; controlling the throttle valve to adjust from the feedforward opening to the feedback throttle valve opening, thereby regulating the infeed pressure entering the fuel cell stack.

[0041] Optionally, the throttle opening can be characterized by the duty cycle. Different throttle openings correspond to different duty cycles. By adjusting the duty cycle, the throttle opening can be adjusted, thereby regulating the fuel cell stack feed pressure. For example, the second graph stores the correspondence between different duty cycles and feed pressures. For air circuit pressure control, based on the deviation between the actual feed pressure and the target feed pressure, the optimized target PID pressure feedback control loop is used. By referring to the second graph, the feedback throttle opening corresponding to the throttle is obtained, and the throttle is adjusted to move rapidly, thereby regulating the fuel cell stack feed pressure to ensure that the pressure reaches the target pressure.

[0042] In an optional embodiment, before controlling the airflow entering the fuel cell stack using a target PID flow feedback control loop based on the target airflow rate according to the target change sequence, and controlling the infeed pressure entering the fuel cell stack using a target PID pressure feedback control loop based on the target infeed pressure, the method further includes: acquiring historical test data corresponding to the air loop, wherein the historical test data includes at least: historical airflow rate and historical infeed pressure corresponding to the air loop, the historical airflow rate being the pre-acquired airflow rate entering the fuel cell stack in the fuel cell system, and the infeed pressure being the pre-acquired air pressure entering the fuel cell stack; generating a first second-order controlled transfer function based on the historical airflow rate, and generating a second second-order controlled transfer function based on the historical infeed pressure, wherein the first second-order controlled transfer function... The response characteristics of airflow to regulation are characterized by a first second-order controlled transfer function, and the response characteristics of reactor pressure to regulation are characterized by a second second-order controlled transfer function. A first state-space equation is constructed based on the first second-order controlled transfer function, and a second state-space equation is constructed based on the second second-order controlled transfer function. Based on the first state-space equation, a first linear quadratic regulator is used to optimize the parameters of the initial proportional-integral-derivative (PID) flow feedback control loop, establishing the target PID flow feedback control loop (e.g., establishing the proportional P, integral I, and derivative D coefficients in the target PID flow feedback control loop). Based on the second state-space equation, a second linear quadratic regulator is used to optimize the parameters of the initial PID pressure feedback control loop, obtaining the target PID pressure feedback control loop (e.g., establishing the proportional P, integral I, and derivative D coefficients in the target PID pressure feedback control loop).

[0043] Optionally, the historical airflow rate is the airflow rate entering the fuel cell stack of the fuel cell system obtained through experimental testing in advance, and the stack pressure is the air pressure entering the fuel cell stack obtained through experimental testing in advance.

[0044] Optionally, the second-order controlled transfer function is a transfer function model used to describe the relationship between the input and output, which can be obtained by mathematically modeling the relationship between the system's input and output. Based on experimental data (i.e., historical airflow and historical infeed pressure), the form and parameters of the corresponding second-order controlled transfer function can be obtained by using system identification or fitting methods (such as obtaining estimates of the gain K, damping ratio ζ, and natural frequency ω_n of the second-order controlled transfer function). Based on historical airflow and historical infeed pressure, the first second-order controlled transfer function associated with airflow and the second second-order controlled transfer function associated with infeed pressure can be obtained respectively.

[0045] Optionally, the second-order controlled transfer function can be obtained by mathematically modeling the relationship between the system's input and output. It can be transformed into a state-space equation form, a mathematical model used to describe dynamic systems. It is typically represented by a set of first-order differential equations, where the system's state variables and input variables are the unknowns. Based on the determined form and parameters of the second-order controlled transfer function, the state-space equation of the second-order controlled transfer function is constructed. The state-space equation can be expressed as:

[0046] dx / dt=Ax+Bu

[0047] y = Cx + Du

[0048] Where x is the state vector, u is the control input, y is the output, and A, B, C, and D are state-space matrices. Optionally, the state vector and input vector in the state-space equations can also be represented as the input and output of a PID controller (i.e., a PID feedback control loop).

[0049] Optionally, after obtaining the corresponding state-space equations, linear quadratic regulator LQR optimization can be performed on the initial PID flow feedback control loop and the initial PID pressure feedback control loop based on the corresponding state-space equations to quickly obtain the proportional, integral, and derivative coefficients in the PID controller. The parameter optimization control method for the PID flow feedback control loop and the PID pressure feedback control loop is the same, and the specific process is as follows: First, the second-order transfer function of the controlled object needs to be determined and embedded into the control loop to construct the overall state-space equation of the control loop. Then, the LQR algorithm can be used to solve the Riccati equation to obtain the optimal state feedback gain matrix \(K\). Finally, the optimized proportional, integral, and derivative coefficients of the PID controller (i.e., the target PID flow feedback control loop or the target PID pressure feedback control loop) can be obtained according to the coefficients of the state feedback gain matrix. Specifically, the proportional coefficient \(K_p\) is equal to the first row of \(K\), the integral coefficient \(K_i\) is equal to the second row of \(K\), and the derivative coefficient \(K_d\) is equal to the third row of \(K\).

[0050] The Riccati equation is a special form of nonlinear differential equation, which can be expressed in the following form:

[0051] \[\frac{{dy}}{{dx}}=a(x)y^2+b(x)y+c(x)\]

[0052] Where a(x), b(x), and c(x) are given functions, and y(x) is an unknown function to be solved.

[0053] The Riccati equations play a crucial role in control theory and optimal control. Their main function is to provide a method for studying the stability and optimality of a system, as well as for controller design.

[0054] Specifically, the Riccati equations can be used to describe the optimal control problem of linear time-invariant systems, as well as the optimal control problem of linear quadratic systems. By solving the Riccati equations, the parameters of the optimal controller can be obtained, enabling the system to achieve optimality under a certain specified performance index.

[0055] Optionally, before optimizing the parameters of the PID feedback control loop (i.e., PID flow feedback control loop or PID pressure feedback control loop), it is necessary to construct an initial PID feedback control loop in advance. The construction process for the initial PID flow feedback control loop or the initial PID pressure feedback control loop is the same. The following explanation uses the construction process of the initial PID pressure feedback control loop as an example:

[0056] Step S1081, Design a proportional controller: Multiply the pressure error by the proportional gain coefficient Kp to obtain the proportional control output;

[0057] Step S1082, Design the integral controller: Accumulate the pressure error and multiply it by the integral gain coefficient Ki to obtain the integral control output;

[0058] Step S1083, Design the differential controller: Multiply the rate of change of pressure error by the differential gain coefficient Kd to obtain the differential control output;

[0059] Step S1084: Weighted summation of the proportional, integral, and derivative control outputs to obtain the output of the PID controller;

[0060] Step S1085: The output of the PID controller is used as a feedback signal and compared with the desired pressure value to calculate the pressure error;

[0061] In step S1086, the pressure error is used as an input signal and the control output is obtained through the PID controller.

[0062] This completes the construction of the initial PID pressure feedback loop.

[0063] Optionally, after optimizing the parameters of the PID flow feedback control loop and the PID pressure feedback control loop, the air flow and pressure entering the fuel cell stack are controlled based on the obtained target PID flow feedback control loop and target PID pressure feedback control loop, respectively, resulting in more accurate and reliable control results.

[0064] Through the above steps S102 to S110, the goal of accurately controlling airflow and stack pressure under frequent load changes and environmental condition variations can be achieved, thereby improving the technical effect of controlling the airflow and stack pressure corresponding to the air circuit in the fuel cell system. This solves the technical problem of low accuracy in controlling airflow and stack pressure in fuel cell system control methods under frequent load changes and environmental condition variations.

[0065] Based on the above embodiments and optional embodiments, the present invention proposes an optional implementation method. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an optional air circuit structure for a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a flowchart of another optional fuel cell system control method according to an embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the method includes:

[0066] Step S1: Based on experimental test data, generate the first and second order controlled transfer functions of the air flow rate corresponding to the air loop, and the second and second order controlled transfer functions of the reactor inlet pressure. The experimental test data includes historical air flow rate and historical reactor inlet pressure.

[0067] Step S2: Based on the first and second-order controlled transfer functions, construct the first state-space equation corresponding to the air flow rate and the second state-space equation corresponding to the reactor pressure, respectively.

[0068] Step S3: Based on the first state space equation and the second state space equation, optimize the parameters of the PID flow feedback control loop and the PID pressure feedback control loop respectively to obtain the target PID flow feedback control loop and the target PID pressure feedback control loop.

[0069] Step S4: Based on the operating power demand of the fuel cell system and external environmental parameters, determine the target airflow rate and target stack inlet pressure of the air loop in the fuel cell system. The external environmental parameters include at least: external ambient temperature and external ambient pressure. Based on the current operating power and operating power demand, determine the sequence of target changes. Specifically, the sequence of target changes is as follows:

[0070] When the operating power demand exceeds the current operating power (i.e., during load increase), the target airflow rate is prioritized, and the airflow rate entering the fuel cell stack is controlled for an appropriate time interval (i.e., a preset first duration). Then, the target infeed pressure is controlled. When the operating power demand is less than the current operating power (i.e., during load decrease), the target infeed pressure is prioritized, and the infeed pressure entering the fuel cell stack is controlled for an appropriate time interval (i.e., a preset second duration). Then, the target airflow rate is issued to control the airflow. This method enables reliable and stable regulation of the fuel cell airflow and pressure under frequent load changes and varying environmental conditions.

[0071] Step S5: Following the order of target changes, based on the target airflow rate, a target PID flow rate feedback control loop is used to control the airflow rate entering the fuel cell stack; and based on the target infeed pressure, a target PID pressure feedback control loop is used to control the infeed pressure entering the fuel cell stack. Specifically:

[0072] Step S51: For airflow control, the flow target corresponding to different loads is determined first. During load changes, the actual given flow target is adjusted appropriately to avoid insufficient airflow during operation. Based on the given flow and pressure targets under different loads, the device uses the built-in air compressor speed-flow-pressure ratio Map for different environments to provide the corresponding feedforward speed under the corresponding load.

[0073] Step S52: Using the optimized target PID flow feedback control loop, feedback regulation is performed based on the deviation between the actual air flow and the target air flow in the air circuit. The air flow entering the fuel cell stack is adjusted by controlling the output speed of the air compressor to avoid flow deviation and underflow.

[0074] Step S53: For the pressure control of the air circuit, the target PID pressure feedback control loop with optimized parameters is used to adjust the throttle valve to move quickly based on the deviation between the actual feed pressure and the target feed pressure. The feed pressure entering the fuel cell stack is adjusted by controlling the throttle valve opening to ensure that the pressure reaches the target pressure.

[0075] It should be noted that, based on existing data, the embodiments of the present invention can achieve rapid and stable control of the feed pressure and flow rate during frequent load changes in the air circuit of a hydrogen fuel cell under different ambient temperatures and pressures, with minimal consumption of calibration resources. This avoids the impact of insufficient flow, excessively low pressure, and pressure oscillations on the stack performance and safety.

[0076] This embodiment also provides a fuel cell system control device for implementing the above embodiments and preferred embodiments; details already described will not be repeated. As used below, the terms "module" and "device" can refer to a combination of software and / or hardware that performs a predetermined function. Although the devices described in the following embodiments are preferably implemented in software, hardware implementation, or a combination of software and hardware, is also possible and contemplated.

[0077] According to embodiments of the present invention, an apparatus embodiment for implementing the above-described fuel cell system control method is also provided. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell system control device according to an embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the above-mentioned fuel cell system control device includes: a first determining module 400, an acquiring module 402, a second determining module 404, and a control module 406, wherein:

[0078] The first determining module 400 is used to determine the target air flow rate and target stack pressure of the air loop in the fuel cell system based on the operating power requirement of the fuel cell system and external environmental parameters, wherein the external environmental parameters include at least: external ambient temperature and external ambient pressure.

[0079] The acquisition module 402, connected to the first determination module 400, is used to acquire the current operating power of the fuel cell system;

[0080] The second determining module 404, connected to the acquiring module 402, is used to determine the target change sequence based on the current operating power and the operating power demand, wherein the target change sequence is used to indicate the adjustment sequence of the air flow rate and the infeed pressure entering the fuel cell stack;

[0081] The control module 406, connected to the second determining module 404, is used to control the airflow entering the fuel cell stack according to the target change sequence and based on the target airflow rate using a target PID flow feedback control loop, and to control the infeed pressure entering the fuel cell stack according to the target infeed pressure using a target PID pressure feedback control loop.

[0082] In this embodiment of the invention, a first determining module 400 is configured to determine the target airflow rate and target infeed pressure of the air loop in the fuel cell system based on the operating power demand of the fuel cell system and external environmental parameters, wherein the external environmental parameters include at least: external ambient temperature and external ambient pressure; an acquisition module 402 is connected to the first determining module 400 to acquire the current operating power of the fuel cell system; a second determining module 404 is connected to the acquisition module 402 to determine the target change sequence based on the current operating power and operating power demand, wherein the target change sequence is used to indicate the adjustment sequence of the airflow rate and infeed pressure entering the fuel cell stack; and a control module 406 is connected to the second determining module 404. Module 404 is used to control the airflow entering the fuel cell stack according to the target change sequence, based on the target airflow rate, using a target PID flow feedback control loop, and to control the stack pressure entering the fuel cell stack according to the target stack pressure, using a target PID pressure feedback control loop. This achieves the goal of accurately controlling the airflow rate and stack pressure under frequent load changes and environmental condition variations, thereby improving the technical accuracy of airflow rate and stack pressure control in the air loop of the fuel cell system. It also solves the technical problem of low accuracy of airflow rate and stack pressure control in related fuel cell system control methods under frequent load changes and environmental condition variations.

[0083] Based on the above embodiments and optional embodiments, the present invention proposes an optional implementation method. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of an optional fuel cell system control device according to an embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the control device includes a data acquisition module for key parameters such as airflow in the air circuit and infeed pressure; a controller (i.e., a PID control loop) for PID regulation of the infeed pressure and airflow in the air circuit; and a communicator for issuing execution commands to the air compressor, throttle, and other actuators. It also includes a data processing and calculation core capable of automatic LQR parameter optimization and air compressor map recognition. The data acquisition module provides the measured information to the PID controller and the data processing core. The data processing core pre-optimizes the control parameters of the PID control using LQR. The command controller controls the operation of the throttle and air compressor according to the PID commands, ensuring that the infeed pressure and airflow into the fuel cell stack reach the control targets.

[0084] It should be noted that the above modules can be implemented by software or hardware. For example, for the latter, it can be implemented in the following ways: the above modules can be located in the same processor; or the above modules can be located in different processors in any combination.

[0085] It should be noted that the first determining module 400, the acquiring module 402, the second determining module 404, and the control module 406 mentioned above correspond to steps S102 to S108 in the embodiments. The instances and application scenarios implemented by the above modules and their corresponding steps are the same, but they are not limited to the content disclosed in the above embodiments. It should be noted that the above modules, as part of the device, can run in a computer terminal.

[0086] It should be noted that the optional or preferred implementation methods of this embodiment can be found in the relevant descriptions in the embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0087] The aforementioned fuel cell system control device may further include a processor and a memory. The first determining module 400, the acquiring module 402, the second determining module 404, the control module 406, etc., are all stored in the memory as program modules, and the processor executes the aforementioned program modules stored in the memory to realize the corresponding functions.

[0088] The processor contains a core that retrieves the corresponding program modules from memory. One or more cores may be configured. Memory may include non-persistent memory in computer-readable media, such as random access memory (RAM) and / or non-volatile memory, such as read-only memory (ROM) or flash RAM. Memory includes at least one memory chip.

[0089] According to an embodiment of this application, an embodiment of a non-volatile storage medium is also provided. Optionally, in this embodiment, the non-volatile storage medium includes a stored program, wherein, when the program is executed, it controls the device containing the non-volatile storage medium to perform any of the aforementioned fuel cell system control methods.

[0090] Optionally, in this embodiment, the non-volatile storage medium may be located in any computer terminal in a group of computer terminals in a computer network, or in any mobile terminal in a group of mobile terminals, and the non-volatile storage medium includes stored programs.

[0091] Optionally, during program execution, the device containing the non-volatile storage medium is controlled to perform the following functions: based on the operating power demand of the fuel cell system and external environmental parameters, determine the target air flow rate and target infeed pressure of the air loop in the fuel cell system, wherein the external environmental parameters include at least: external ambient temperature and external ambient pressure; obtain the current operating power of the fuel cell system; based on the current operating power and operating power demand, determine the target change sequence, wherein the target change sequence is used to indicate the adjustment sequence of the air flow rate and infeed pressure entering the fuel cell stack; according to the target change sequence, based on the target air flow rate, control the air flow rate entering the fuel cell stack using a target PID flow rate feedback control loop, and based on the target infeed pressure, control the infeed pressure entering the fuel cell stack using a target PID pressure feedback control loop.

[0092] According to an embodiment of this application, an embodiment of a processor is also provided. Optionally, in this embodiment, the processor is used to run a program, wherein the program executes any of the aforementioned fuel cell system control methods.

[0093] According to an embodiment of this application, an embodiment of a computer program product is also provided, which, when executed on a data processing device, is adapted to execute a program that initializes the fuel cell system control method steps described above.

[0094] Optionally, when the above-mentioned computer program product is executed on a data processing device, it is suitable to execute an initialization program with the following method steps: determining the target airflow rate and target stack pressure of the air loop in the fuel cell system based on the operating power demand of the fuel cell system and external environmental parameters, wherein the external environmental parameters include at least: external ambient temperature and external ambient pressure; obtaining the current operating power of the fuel cell system; determining the target change sequence based on the current operating power and operating power demand, wherein the target change sequence is used to indicate the adjustment sequence of the airflow rate and stack pressure entering the fuel cell stack; controlling the airflow rate entering the fuel cell stack using a target PID flow feedback control loop based on the target airflow rate, and controlling the stack pressure entering the fuel cell stack using a target PID pressure feedback control loop based on the target stack pressure, according to the target change sequence.

[0095] This invention provides an electronic device including a processor, a memory, and a program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the program, it performs the following steps: determining the target airflow rate and target infeed pressure of the air loop in the fuel cell system based on the operating power requirement of the fuel cell system and external environmental parameters, wherein the external environmental parameters include at least: external ambient temperature and external ambient pressure; acquiring the current operating power of the fuel cell system; determining the target change sequence based on the current operating power and the operating power requirement, wherein the target change sequence is used to indicate the adjustment sequence of the airflow rate and infeed pressure entering the fuel cell stack; controlling the airflow rate entering the fuel cell stack using a target PID flow feedback control loop based on the target airflow rate, and controlling the infeed pressure entering the fuel cell stack using a target PID pressure feedback control loop based on the target infeed pressure, according to the target change sequence.

[0096] The order of the above embodiments of the present invention is merely for description and does not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments.

[0097] In the above embodiments of the present invention, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0098] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed technical content can be implemented in other ways. The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for example, the division of modules described above can be a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple modules or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces, or indirect coupling or communication connection between modules, and may be electrical or other forms.

[0099] The modules described above as separate components may or may not be physically separate. Similarly, the components shown as modules may or may not be physical modules; they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple modules. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment, depending on actual needs.

[0100] Furthermore, the functional modules in the various embodiments of the present invention can be integrated into one processing module, or each module can exist physically separately, or two or more modules can be integrated into one module. The integrated modules described above can be implemented in hardware or as software functional modules.

[0101] If the aforementioned integrated modules are implemented as software functional modules and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable non-volatile storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a non-volatile storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods of the various embodiments of this invention. The aforementioned non-volatile storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), portable hard drives, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0102] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A control method for a fuel cell system, characterized in that, include: Based on the operating power requirements of the fuel cell system and external environmental parameters, the target air flow rate and target stack pressure of the air loop in the fuel cell system are determined, wherein the external environmental parameters include at least: external ambient temperature and external ambient pressure. Obtain the current operating power of the fuel cell system; Based on the current operating power and the operating power demand, a target change sequence is determined, wherein the target change sequence is used to indicate the adjustment sequence of the air flow rate and the infeed pressure entering the fuel cell stack; According to the target change sequence, based on the target airflow, a target proportional-integral-derivative PID flow feedback control loop is used to control the airflow entering the fuel cell stack, and based on the target infeed pressure, a target PID pressure feedback control loop is used to control the infeed pressure entering the fuel cell stack. The step of determining the target change sequence based on the current operating power and the operating power demand includes: when the operating power demand is greater than the current operating power, the target change sequence is determined as follows: firstly, the airflow entering the fuel cell stack is controlled based on the target airflow rate, and after controlling the airflow entering the fuel cell stack for a preset first duration, the infeed pressure entering the fuel cell stack is controlled based on the target infeed pressure; when the operating power demand is less than the current operating power, the target change sequence is determined as follows: firstly, the infeed pressure entering the fuel cell stack is controlled based on the target infeed pressure, and after controlling the infeed pressure entering the fuel cell stack for a preset second duration, the airflow entering the fuel cell stack is controlled based on the target airflow rate.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: When the required operating power is greater than the current operating power, the target airflow is increased, wherein the increased target airflow is greater than the standard airflow corresponding to the operating power at the corresponding time. After the current operating power reaches the operating power requirement for a preset third time, the increased target airflow will be reduced to the standard airflow corresponding to the operating power requirement.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The method further includes: When the required operating power is less than the current operating power, the target airflow is controlled to decrease, wherein the reduced target airflow is greater than the standard airflow corresponding to the operating power at the corresponding time. After the current operating power reaches the preset fourth time period of the operating demand power, the reduced target airflow is reduced to the standard airflow corresponding to the operating demand power.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control of the airflow entering the fuel cell stack based on the target airflow rate using a target PID flow feedback control loop includes: During the process of controlling the airflow of the fuel cell stack, the actual airflow entering the fuel cell stack is obtained; Based on the target air flow rate, the external environmental parameters, and the first chart, the corresponding feedforward speed of the air compressor is determined. The first chart is used to indicate the correspondence between the air compressor speed, air flow rate, and pressure ratio. The pressure ratio is used to indicate the ratio of the air compressor outlet pressure to the inlet pressure. Based on the deviation between the target air flow rate and the actual air flow rate, the air compressor speed is controlled by the target PID flow feedback control loop to obtain the feedback air compressor speed output by the target PID flow feedback control loop. The air compressor is controlled to switch from the feedforward speed to the feedback air compressor speed to regulate the airflow entering the fuel cell stack.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of controlling the infeed pressure of the fuel cell stack using a target PID pressure feedback control loop based on the target infeed pressure includes: During the process of controlling the feed pressure of the fuel cell stack, the actual feed pressure entering the fuel cell stack is obtained; Based on the actual infeed pressure or the operating power requirement, and the second chart, the feedforward opening corresponding to the throttle is determined, wherein the second chart is used to indicate the correspondence between the throttle opening and the infeed pressure, or to indicate the correspondence between the throttle opening and the operating power requirement. Based on the deviation between the target injection pressure and the actual injection pressure, the throttle is controlled by the target PID pressure feedback control loop to obtain the feedback throttle opening output by the target PID pressure feedback control loop. The throttle valve is controlled to adjust from the feedforward opening to the feedback throttle valve opening to regulate the infeed pressure into the fuel cell stack.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, Before controlling the airflow entering the fuel cell stack using a target PID flow feedback control loop based on the target airflow rate according to the target change sequence, and controlling the infeed pressure entering the fuel cell stack using a target PID pressure feedback control loop based on the target infeed pressure, the method further includes: Obtain historical test data corresponding to the air circuit, wherein the historical test data includes at least: historical air flow rate and historical infeed pressure corresponding to the air circuit, wherein the historical air flow rate is the air flow rate entering the fuel cell stack in the fuel cell system obtained in advance, and the infeed pressure is the air pressure entering the fuel cell stack obtained in advance; A first second-order controlled transfer function is generated based on the historical airflow rate, and a second second-order controlled transfer function is generated based on the historical injection pressure. The first second-order controlled transfer function is used to indicate the response characteristics of the airflow rate to the control, and the second second-order controlled transfer function is used to indicate the response characteristics of the injection pressure to the control. A first state-space equation is constructed based on the first second-order controlled transfer function, and a second state-space equation is constructed based on the second second-order controlled transfer function. Based on the first state-space equation, the initial PID flow feedback control loop is optimized using a first linear quadratic regulator to obtain the target PID flow feedback control loop; and based on the second state-space equation, the initial PID pressure feedback control loop is optimized using a second linear quadratic regulator to obtain the target PID pressure feedback control loop.

7. A fuel cell system control device for performing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The device includes: The first determining module is used to determine the target air flow rate and target stack pressure of the air circuit in the fuel cell system based on the operating power demand of the fuel cell system and external environmental parameters, wherein the external environmental parameters include at least: external environmental temperature and external environmental pressure. The acquisition module is used to acquire the current operating power of the fuel cell system; The second determining module is used to determine the target change sequence based on the current operating power and the operating power demand, wherein the target change sequence is used to indicate the adjustment sequence of the air flow rate and the infeed pressure entering the fuel cell stack; The control module is used to control the airflow entering the fuel cell stack according to the target change sequence and based on the target airflow rate using a target PID flow feedback control loop, and to control the infeed pressure entering the fuel cell stack based on the target infeed pressure using a target PID pressure feedback control loop.

8. A non-volatile storage medium, characterized in that, The non-volatile storage medium stores multiple instructions, which are adapted to be loaded by a processor and executed by the fuel cell system control method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, It includes one or more processors and a memory, the memory being used to store one or more programs, wherein when the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the one or more processors cause the one or more processors to implement the fuel cell system control method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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