A porous transport layer containing a tesla structure

Abstract

The application discloses a porous transport layer containing a Tesla structure, which comprises a plurality of flat plates arranged at intervals and a framework structure arranged between two adjacent flat plates and connected with the flat plates, a plurality of gas channels and a plurality of liquid channels are formed on the framework structure, the gas channels and the liquid channels are alternately distributed along the flat plates, and each liquid channel is a Tesla valve channel. An upper end surface of the framework structure and a side wall of the flat plate form a flow channel, the flow channel is provided with a liquid inlet and a gas-liquid outlet, and a lower end of the framework structure is provided with a gas inlet communicated with the gas channels and the liquid channels. The porous transport layer can weaken the gas-liquid countercurrent resistance, promote the gas on the surface of a catalytic layer to pass through the gas channels and then be discharged, timely remove heat and reduce the area of the catalytic layer active sites covered by the gas, accelerate the liquid transmission to the catalytic layer, timely supplement the water required by the electrolysis of water, and improve the electrolysis efficiency of a proton exchange membrane electrolysis cell.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water electrolysis for hydrogen production, and more particularly to a porous transport layer containing a Tesla structure. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrogen, as a clean and environmentally friendly energy source and chemical feedstock, can effectively reduce carbon emissions and contribute to global efforts to address climate change and achieve sustainable development. Water electrolysis for hydrogen production offers advantages such as wide load adaptability, fast response speed, and the ability to operate under high voltage and high current density. However, proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolyzers currently face the problem of high hydrogen production costs, necessitating increased technological innovation to improve their electrolysis efficiency. A PEM water electrolyzer consists of bipolar plates, a porous transport layer, a catalyst layer, and a proton exchange membrane. During the water electrolysis process, hydrogen and oxygen are generated on the electrode surface and then diffuse outward through the porous transport layer. However, gas accumulation occurs in the porous transport layer; if gas removal is impaired, hydrogen and oxygen accumulate within the layer, clogging the electrolyte channels and reducing the efficiency and stability of the electrolysis reaction. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to propose a porous transport layer containing a Tesla structure. This porous transport layer can reduce the gas-liquid countercurrent resistance, promote the gas on the surface of the catalyst layer to pass through the gas channel and be discharged, remove heat in time and reduce the area of ​​the active sites of the catalyst layer covered by gas, accelerate the speed of liquid transport to the catalyst layer, replenish the water required for the water electrolysis reaction in time, and improve the electrolysis efficiency of the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned technical effects, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0005] This invention discloses a porous transport layer containing a Tesla structure. The porous transport layer containing a Tesla structure is used to input liquid toward a catalyst layer and discharge gas generated by the catalytic reaction. The porous transport layer containing a Tesla structure includes: multiple flat plates spaced apart; and a framework structure disposed between and connected to two adjacent flat plates. The framework structure forms multiple gas channels and multiple liquid channels, which are alternately distributed along the flat plates. Each liquid channel is a Tesla valve channel. The upper surface of the framework structure forms a flow channel with the sidewall of the flat plate. The flow channel has a liquid inlet and a gas-liquid outlet. The lower end of the framework structure forms an air inlet communicating with the gas and liquid channels. The forward flow direction of the Tesla valve channel is the direction in which liquid flows from the flow channel to the air inlet.

[0006] In some embodiments, the porous transport layer containing the Tesla structure further includes a plurality of baffles, which are respectively connected to the upper end of the skeleton structure and are disposed between the outlet of the gas channel and the inlet of the liquid channel.

[0007] In some specific embodiments, the angle between the extension direction of the baffle and the extension direction of the flow channel is 45°-135°; the height of the baffle is H1; the distance between the upper end face of the skeleton structure and the upper end face of the plate is S1, 0.5≤H1 / S1≤0.9; the thickness of the baffle is T1; the thickness of the plate is T2; and T1 is not greater than T2.

[0008] In some embodiments, the porous transport layer containing the Tesla structure further includes a plurality of guide plates, which are respectively connected to the lower end of the skeleton structure and are disposed between the inlet of the gas channel and the outlet of the liquid channel.

[0009] In some specific embodiments, the angle between the extension direction of the guide plate and the lower edge of the skeleton structure is 45°-55°; the thickness of the guide plate is T3, the thickness of the plate is T2, and T3 is not greater than T2.

[0010] In some embodiments, the thickness of the plate is T2, the distance between two adjacent plates is S2, 5μm≤T2≤10μm, and 40μm≤S2≤80μm.

[0011] In some embodiments, the overall length of the porous transport layer containing the Tesla structure is L1, the overall thickness is T4, the overall height is H2, 0.5cm≤L1≤2cm, 0.5cm≤T4≤2cm, and 200μm≤H2≤400μm; the width of the Tesla valve channel is 10μm-40μm, and the depth of the Tesla valve channel is 10μm-40μm.

[0012] In some embodiments, the skeleton structure includes a first curved skeleton, a second curved skeleton, a third curved skeleton, a positive skeleton, an inverted skeleton, and a triangular skeleton; wherein: the first curved skeleton is respectively disposed at one end of the flat plate near the liquid inlet; the second curved skeleton and the third curved skeleton are alternately distributed along the extension direction of the flow channel; the second curved skeleton has a plurality of first curved grooves; the third curved skeleton has a plurality of second curved grooves; the first curved grooves are disposed toward the third curved skeleton; the second curved grooves are disposed toward the second curved skeleton; along the vertical direction, the first curved grooves and the second curved grooves are alternately distributed; the positive skeleton is disposed in the second curved groove; the inverted skeleton is disposed in the first curved groove; the first curved groove, the second curved groove, the positive skeleton, and the inverted skeleton form the Tesla valve channel; the gap between the first curved skeleton and the third curved skeleton, and the gap between the second curved skeleton and the third curved skeleton, form the gas channel; the triangular skeleton is disposed corresponding to the inlet of the gas channel.

[0013] In some specific embodiments, the first curved skeleton, the second curved skeleton, the third curved skeleton, the triangular skeleton, the positive skeleton, and the negative skeleton are respectively connected to two oppositely arranged sidewalls of the flat plate. In two adjacent skeleton structures, the first curved skeleton, the second curved skeleton, and the third curved skeleton of one skeleton structure are arranged opposite to the positive skeleton and the negative skeleton of the other skeleton structure.

[0014] In some specific embodiments, the outline of the positive skeleton includes a first arc, a first line segment, a second line segment, and a third line segment connected end to end, wherein the angle between the first line segment and the second line segment is 10°-45°, and the angle between the second line segment and the third line segment is 135°-170°; the outline of the reverse skeleton includes a second arc, a fourth line segment, a fifth line segment, and a sixth line segment connected end to end, wherein the angle between the fourth line segment and the fifth line segment is 135°-170°, and the angle between the fifth line segment and the sixth line segment is 10°-45°.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the porous transport layer containing the Tesla structure of the present invention are as follows: After the liquid enters the flow channel from the inlet, since the flow channel is connected to both the gas channel and the liquid channel, and the liquid channel forms a Tesla valve channel, the Tesla valve channel has a one-way valve function of forward acceleration and reverse cut-off. The liquid will flow rapidly from the Tesla valve channel to the lower part of the skeleton structure (i.e., the position of the catalyst layer). The liquid reacts in the catalyst layer, and the generated gas will enter the liquid channel and the gas channel from the gas inlet. Due to the reverse cut-off of the Tesla valve channel, the gas cannot flow upward from the liquid channel, but flows from the gas channel to the flow channel. This achieves the effect of gas-liquid separation to a certain extent, which can reduce the backflow resistance in the liquid channel, accelerate the speed of liquid transport to the catalyst layer, replenish the water required for the water electrolysis reaction in time, and promote the gas on the surface of the catalyst layer to pass through the gas channel and be discharged in time, remove heat in time and reduce the area of ​​the active sites of the catalyst layer covered by gas, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the electrolysis efficiency of the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer.

[0016] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the porous transport layer containing a Tesla structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a porous transport layer containing a Tesla structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure from another direction is shown.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the Tesla channel structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the gas channel structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the flat plate, the positive frame, and the negative frame according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the flat plate, the first curved frame, the second curved frame, the third curved frame, and the triangular frame according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a typical through-hole gas diffusion layer in Comparative Example 1;

[0025] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the gas diffusion layer of the titanium sintered plate in Comparative Example 2;

[0026] Figure 10 This is a comparison chart of gas velocity and liquid velocity in Examples 1 and 2;

[0027] Figure 11 These are exhaust consumption time and exhaust effect diagrams of embodiments of the present invention, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2.

[0028] Figure label:

[0029] 1. Inlet; 2. Flat plate; 3. Flow channel; 4. Baffle plate; 5. Gas-liquid outlet; 6. Skeleton structure; 61. First curved skeleton; 62. Second curved skeleton; 621. First curved groove; 63. Third curved skeleton; 631. Second curved groove; 64. Positive skeleton; 641. First arc; 642. First line segment; 643. Second line segment; 644. Third line segment; 65. Reverse skeleton; 651. Second arc; 652. Fourth line segment; 653. Fifth line segment; 654. Sixth line segment; 66. Triangular skeleton; 7. Guide plate; 8. Gas channel; 9. Liquid channel; 10. Air inlet. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the technical problems solved by the present invention, the technical solutions adopted, and the technical effects achieved clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0031] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0032] Furthermore, features specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of those features, used to distinguish and describe features, without any order or emphasis. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" means two or more.

[0033] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0034] The following is for reference. Figures 1-7 The specific structure of the porous transport layer containing a Tesla structure in an embodiment of the present invention is described.

[0035] This invention discloses a porous transport layer containing a Tesla structure. This porous transport layer with a Tesla structure is used to input liquid toward a catalyst layer and to discharge gas generated during the catalytic reaction, such as... Figures 1-3 As shown, the porous transport layer containing the Tesla structure includes a plate 2 and a framework structure 6. Multiple plates 2 are arranged at intervals. The framework structure 6 is located between adjacent plates 2 and connected to them. Multiple gas channels 8 are formed on the framework structure 6 (e.g., ...). Figure 5 (as shown) and multiple liquid channels 9 (such as) Figure 4 As shown, gas channels 8 and liquid channels 9 are alternately distributed along the plate 2, and each liquid channel 9 is a Tesla valve channel. The upper end face of the skeleton structure 6 and the side wall of the plate 2 form a flow channel 3, which has a liquid inlet 1 and a gas-liquid outlet 5. The lower end of the skeleton structure 6 forms an air inlet 10 that communicates with the gas channels 8 and the liquid channels 9. The forward flow direction of the Tesla valve channel is the direction in which the liquid flows from the flow channel 3 to the air inlet 10.

[0036] First, it should be noted that in actual operation, the porous transport layer containing the Tesla structure of this embodiment will be installed above the catalyst layer, and hydrogen production by water electrolysis will be carried out within a relatively enclosed shell. The multiple plates 2 and multiple partition column skeleton structures 6 of the porous transport layer containing the Tesla structure in this embodiment are connected as a single unit, and can be placed entirely within the shell during actual use.

[0037] Understandably, during actual operation, after the liquid enters the flow channel 3 from the inlet 1, since the flow channel 3 is connected to both the gas channel 8 and the liquid channel 9, and the liquid channel 9 forms a Tesla valve channel, which has a one-way valve function of forward acceleration and reverse cutoff, the liquid will flow rapidly from the Tesla valve channel to the lower part of the skeleton structure 6 (i.e., the location of the catalyst layer). The liquid reacts in the catalyst layer, and the generated gas will enter the liquid channel 9 and the gas channel 8 from the inlet 10. Due to the reverse cutoff of the Tesla valve channel, the gas cannot flow upward from the liquid channel 9, but flows from the gas channel 8 to the flow channel 3. This achieves the effect of gas-liquid separation to a certain extent, reduces the backflow resistance in the liquid channel 9, accelerates the speed of liquid transmission to the catalyst layer, timely replenishes the water required for the water electrolysis reaction, and also promotes the gas on the surface of the catalyst layer to pass through the gas channel 8 and be discharged, timely removes heat and reduces the area of ​​the active sites of the catalyst layer covered by gas, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the electrolysis efficiency of the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer.

[0038] In some embodiments, such as Figures 2-3 As shown, the porous transport layer containing the Tesla structure also includes multiple baffles 4, which are respectively connected to the upper end of the skeleton structure 6, and are positioned between the outlet of the gas channel 8 and the inlet of the liquid channel 9. It can be understood that the baffles 4 throttle the liquid in the flow channel 3 into the Tesla valve channel, promoting the flow of liquid into the liquid channel 9 and the flow of gas out of the gas channel 8, ensuring a stable supply of liquid to the catalyst layer, and improving the gas-liquid transport capacity inside the electrolyzer during water electrolysis for hydrogen production.

[0039] In some specific embodiments, such as Figure 3 As shown, the angle between the extending direction of the baffle 4 and the extending direction of the flow channel 3 is 45°-135°; the height of the baffle 4 is H1; the distance between the upper end face of the skeleton structure 6 and the upper end face of the plate 2 is S1, 0.5≤H1 / S1≤0.9; the thickness of the baffle 4 is T1; the thickness of the plate 2 is T2, and T1 is not greater than T2. ​​Therefore, the throttling effect of the baffle 4 can be well guaranteed, thereby ensuring the smooth flow of liquid into the liquid channel 9 and the smooth flow of gas out of the gas channel 8, thus ensuring a stable supply of liquid to the catalyst layer and improving the gas-liquid transport capacity inside the electrolyzer during water electrolysis for hydrogen production.

[0040] Optionally, the angle between the extension direction of the baffle 4 and the extension direction of the flow channel 3 can be 45°, 50°, 55°, 60°, 65°, 70°, 75°, 80°, 85°, 90°, 95°, 100°, 105°, 110°, 115°, 120°, 125°, 130°, or 135°. Parameters other than those mentioned above can also be selected according to actual needs.

[0041] Optionally, H1 / S1 can be 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, or 0.9, or parameters other than those mentioned above can be selected according to actual needs.

[0042] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the porous transport layer containing the Tesla structure also includes multiple guide plates 7, which are respectively connected to the lower end of the skeleton structure 6, and are located between the inlet of the gas channel 8 and the outlet of the liquid channel 9. It can be understood that the guide plates 7 can enhance the shearing effect of the fluid on the oxygen bubbles attached to the catalyst layer, thereby accelerating the detachment of oxygen bubbles from the catalyst layer.

[0043] In some specific embodiments, such as Figure 3 As shown, the angle between the extension direction of the guide plate 7 and the lower edge of the skeleton structure 6 is 45°-55°; the thickness of the guide plate 7 is T3, and the thickness of the plate 2 is T2, with T3 not exceeding T2. This effectively enhances the shearing effect of the fluid on the oxygen bubbles attached to the catalyst layer, thereby accelerating the detachment of oxygen bubbles from the catalyst layer.

[0044] Optionally, the angle between the extension direction of the guide plate 7 and the lower edge of the skeleton structure 6 can be 45°, 46°, 47°, 48°, 49°, 50°, 51°, 52°, 53°, 54°, or 55°. Parameters other than those mentioned above can also be selected according to actual needs.

[0045] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the thickness of plate 2 is T2, and the distance between two adjacent plates 2 is S2, where 5μm ≤ T2 ≤ 10μm and 40μm ≤ S2 ≤ 80μm. For example, T2 can be 5μm, 6μm, 7μm, 8μm, 9μm, or 10μm, but is not limited to the listed values; other values ​​not listed within the above range or values ​​outside the above range are also applicable. For example, S2 can be 40μm, 45μm, 50μm, 55μm, 60μm, 65μm, 70μm, 75μm, or 80μm, but is not limited to the listed values; other values ​​not listed within the above range or values ​​outside the above range are also applicable.

[0046] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1As shown, the overall length of the porous transport layer containing the Tesla structure is L1, the overall thickness is T4, the overall height is H2, 0.5cm≤L1≤2cm, 0.5cm≤T4≤2cm, and 200μm≤H2≤400μm; the width of the Tesla valve channel is 10μm-40μm, and the depth of the Tesla valve channel is 10μm-40μm. It is understood that L1 and T4 can be 0.5cm, 0.55cm, 0.6cm, 0.65cm, 0.7cm, 0.75cm, 0.8cm, 0.85cm, 0.9cm, 0.95cm, 1.0cm, 1.05cm, 1.1cm, 1.15cm, 1.2cm, 1.25cm, 1.3cm, 1.35cm, 1.4cm, 1.45cm, 1.5cm, 1.6cm, 1.7cm, 1.8cm, 1.9cm, 2cm, etc., but are not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within the above range or values ​​outside the above range are also applicable. H2 can be 200μm, 225μm, 250μm, 275μm, 300μm, 325μm, 350μm, 375μm, 400μm, etc., but is not limited to the listed values. Other values ​​not listed within the above range or values ​​outside the above range are also applicable. The width and depth of the Tesla valve channel are 10μm, 15μm, 20μm, 25μm, 30μm, 35μm, 40μm, etc., but are not limited to the listed values. Other values ​​not listed within the above range or values ​​outside the above range are also applicable.

[0047] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 , Figure 6 and Figure 7As shown, the skeleton structure 6 includes a first curved skeleton 61, a second curved skeleton 62, a third curved skeleton 63, a positive skeleton 64, a negative skeleton 65, and a triangular skeleton 66. The first curved skeleton 61 is respectively disposed at one end of the plate 2 near the liquid inlet 1. The second curved skeleton 62 and the third curved skeleton 63 are alternately distributed along the extension direction of the flow channel 3. The second curved skeleton 62 has multiple first curved grooves 621, and the third curved skeleton 63 has multiple second curved grooves 631. The first curved grooves 621 are set towards the third curved skeleton 63, and the second curved grooves 631 are set towards the second curved skeleton 62. In the vertical direction, the first curved grooves 621 and the second curved grooves 631 are alternately distributed. The positive skeleton 64 is disposed in the second curved groove 631, and the negative skeleton 65 is disposed in the first curved groove 621. The first curved groove 621, the second curved groove 631, the positive skeleton 64, and the negative skeleton 65 form the Tesla valve channel. The gap between the first curved skeleton 61 and the second curved skeleton 62 and the gap between the second curved skeleton 62 and the third curved skeleton 63 form the gas channel 8. The triangular skeleton 66 is disposed at the inlet of the gas channel 8. It is understandable that by setting the first curved skeleton 61, the second curved skeleton 62, the third curved skeleton 63, the positive skeleton 64, the negative skeleton 65, and the triangular skeleton 66, a Tesla valve channel and a gas channel 8 with shapes that conform to fluid dynamics can be formed, thereby achieving a better gas-liquid separation effect. This can reduce the backflow resistance in the liquid channel 9, accelerate the speed of liquid transmission to the catalyst layer, replenish the water required for the water electrolysis reaction in a timely manner, and promote the gas on the surface of the catalyst layer to pass through the gas channel 8 and be discharged, thereby removing heat in a timely manner and reducing the area of ​​the active sites of the catalyst layer covered by gas, thus achieving the purpose of improving the electrolysis efficiency of the proton exchange membrane electrolyzer.

[0048] In some specific embodiments, such as Figures 6-7 As shown, the first curved skeleton 61, the second curved skeleton 62, the third curved skeleton 63, the triangular skeleton 66, the positive skeleton 64, and the negative skeleton 65 are respectively connected to two opposite sidewalls of the plate 2. In two adjacent skeleton structures 6, the first curved skeleton 61, the second curved skeleton 62, and the third curved skeleton 63 of one skeleton structure 6 are opposite to the positive skeleton 64 and the negative skeleton 65 of the other skeleton structure 6. It can be understood that the first curved skeleton 61, the second curved skeleton 62, the third curved skeleton 63, the triangular skeleton 66, the positive skeleton 64, and the negative skeleton 65 are respectively connected to two opposite sidewalls of the plate 2. Compared with the technical solution where the first curved skeleton 61, the second curved skeleton 62, the third curved skeleton 63, the triangular skeleton 66, the positive skeleton 64, and the negative skeleton 65 are all located on the same side, the arrangement on two sides facilitates processing and manufacturing (if they are all located on the same surface, the structure on that surface will be too complex, resulting in a more complex processing technology), thereby improving the processing yield.

[0049] In some specific embodiments, such as Figure 6 As shown, the outline of the positive skeleton 64 includes a first arc 641, a first line segment 642, a second line segment 643, and a third line segment 644 connected end to end. The angle between the first line segment 642 and the second line segment 643 is 10°-45°, and the angle between the second line segment 643 and the third line segment 644 is 135°-170°. The outline of the negative skeleton 65 includes a second arc 651, a fourth line segment 652, a fifth line segment 653, and a sixth line segment 654 connected end to end. The angle between the fourth line segment 652 and the fifth line segment 653 is 135°-170°, and the angle between the fifth line segment 653 and the sixth line segment 654 is 10°-45°. It should be noted that in other embodiments of the present invention, the structures of the positive skeleton 64 and the negative skeleton 65 can be designed according to actual needs and are not limited to the above description.

[0050] The specific parameters of the porous transport layer containing a Tesla structure, the ordinary through-hole gas diffusion layer of Comparative Example 1, and the titanium sintered plate gas diffusion layer of Comparative Example 2 are described below according to embodiments of the present invention.

[0051] The process of gas being discharged from the catalyst layer into channel 3 was simulated using a phase-field model and the lattice Boltzmann method.

[0052] In this embodiment, the porous transport layer containing the Tesla structure has a total length of 1 cm, a total thickness of 1 cm, and a total height of 400 μm. The solid content (the ratio of the sum of the solid structural volumes of plate 2, skeleton structure 6, guide plate 7, and baffle plate 4 to the total volume of the porous transport layer containing the Tesla structure) is 0.437. The thickness of plate 2 is 5 μm, and the spacing between two adjacent plates 2 is 80 μm. The width of liquid channel 9 and gas channel 8 is 16 μm, and the depth is 80 μm. Each skeleton structure 6 includes one first curved skeleton 61, five second curved skeletons 62, and five third curved skeletons 63. Each second curved skeleton 62 includes two first curved grooves 621, and each third curved skeleton 63 includes two second curved grooves 631. The first curved skeletons 61, second curved skeletons 62, third curved skeletons 63, as well as the triangular skeleton 66, the positive skeleton 64, and the negative skeleton 65 are respectively connected to two oppositely arranged sidewalls of plate 2. The angle between the first line segment 642 and the second line segment 643 is 38°, the angle between the second line segment 643 and the third line segment 644 is 140°, the angle between the fourth line segment 652 and the fifth line segment 653 is 140°, and the angle between the fifth line segment 653 and the sixth line segment 654 is 38°. The distance between the upper end face of the skeleton structure 6 and the upper end face of the plate 2 is 33 μm. The height of the baffle 4 is 71% of the distance between the upper end face of the skeleton structure 6 and the upper end face of the plate 2. The thickness of the baffle 4 is equal to the thickness of the plate 2. The width of the baffle 4 is equal to the distance between two adjacent plates 2. The angle between the baffle 4 and the flow channel 3 is 90°. The distance between the bottom surface of the guide plate 7 and the catalyst layer is 8 μm. The angle between the guide plate 7 and the bottom edge of the skeleton structure 6 is 55°. The liquid inlet velocity of the liquid inlet 1 is 0.4482 m / s. The gas inlet velocity of the gas inlet channel is 0.002241 m / s.

[0053] This embodiment contains a porous transport layer with a Tesla structure, such as Figure 10 As shown, the gas velocity in gas channel 8 is 2.3E-5 m / s and the average velocity in liquid channel 9 are 2.4E-5 m / s, respectively. Figure 11 As shown, the time for gas to flow from the inlet 10 into the flow channel 33 is 0.0157s.

[0054] Comparative Example 1: Figure 8 As shown, the external dimensions of the ordinary through-hole gas diffusion layer are exactly the same as those in the embodiment of the present invention, with a solid content of 0.488%, a liquid inlet flow rate of 0.4482 m / s, and an inlet gas rate of 0.002241 m / s. Figure 10 As shown, the average gas velocity in the through-hole is 7.0E-6 m / s and the average liquid velocity is 4.0E-6 m / s. Figure 11 As shown, the time for gas to flow from the inlet passage into the flow channel 3 is 0.0830s.

[0055] Comparative Example 2, such as Figure 9 As shown, the external dimensions of the gas diffusion layer of the titanium sintered plate are exactly the same as those in the embodiment of the present invention, with a solid content of 0.488%, a titanium particle diameter of 10 μm, a liquid inlet flow rate of 0.4482 m / s, and an inlet gas rate of 0.002241 m / s. Figure 10 As shown, the average velocities of the gas (9.0E-6 m / s) and liquid (5.0E-6 m / s) in the internal channel are respectively. Figure 11 As shown, the time for gas to flow from the inlet 10 into the flow channel 3 is 0.1525s.

[0056] In summary, compared with ordinary through-hole gas diffusion layers and porous diffusion layers of titanium sintered plates, the porous transport layer containing Tesla structure of the present invention increases the gas flow velocity by 1.56 times to 2.28 times; the liquid flow velocity by 4.8 times to 5 times; and the exhaust velocity calculated based on exhaust time by 4.291 times to 8.71 times.

[0057] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "some embodiments," "other embodiments," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0058] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation and application scope based on the ideas of the present invention. The content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. A porous transport layer containing a Tesla structure, characterized in that, A porous transport layer containing a Tesla structure is used to input liquid toward the catalyst layer and to discharge gas generated by the catalytic reaction. The porous transport layer containing a Tesla structure includes: A plate (2), wherein there are multiple plates (2), and the multiple plates (2) are arranged at intervals; A skeleton structure (6) is disposed between two adjacent plates (2) and connected to the plates (2). Multiple gas channels (8) and multiple liquid channels (9) are formed on the skeleton structure (6). The gas channels (8) and the liquid channels (9) are alternately distributed along the plates (2). Each liquid channel (9) is a Tesla valve channel. The upper end face of the skeleton structure (6) and the side wall of the plate (2) form a flow channel (3). The flow channel (3) has a liquid inlet (1) and a gas-liquid outlet (5). The lower end of the skeleton structure (6) forms an air inlet (10) that communicates with the gas channel (8) and the liquid channel (9). The forward flow direction of the Tesla valve channel is the direction in which the liquid flows from the flow channel (3) to the air inlet (10). The skeleton structure (6) includes a first curved skeleton (61), a second curved skeleton (62), a third curved skeleton (63), a positive skeleton (64), a negative skeleton (65), and a triangular skeleton (66); wherein: The first curved skeleton (61) is respectively disposed on the end of the plate (2) near the liquid inlet (1). The second curved skeleton (62) and the third curved skeleton (63) are alternately distributed along the extension direction of the flow channel (3). The second curved skeleton (62) has a plurality of first curved grooves (621), and the third curved skeleton (63) has a plurality of second curved grooves (631). The first curved grooves (621) are disposed toward the third curved skeleton (63), and the second curved grooves (631) are disposed toward the second curved skeleton (62). In the vertical direction, the first curved grooves (621) and the second curved grooves (631) are alternately distributed. The positive skeleton (64) is disposed in the second curved groove (631), and the negative skeleton (65) is disposed in the first curved groove (621). The first curved groove (621), the second curved groove (631), the positive skeleton (64), and the negative skeleton (65) form the Tesla valve channel; The gap between the first curved frame (61) and the second curved frame (62) and the gap between the second curved frame (62) and the third curved frame (63) form the gas channel (8); The triangular frame (66) is positioned to correspond to the inlet of the gas channel (8).

2. The porous transport layer containing a Tesla structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes multiple baffles (4), which are respectively connected to the upper end of the skeleton structure (6), and the baffles (4) are located between the outlet of the gas channel (8) and the inlet of the liquid channel (9).

3. The porous transport layer containing a Tesla structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The angle between the extension direction of the baffle (4) and the extension direction of the flow channel (3) is 45°-135°. The height of the baffle (4) is H1, and the distance between the upper end face of the skeleton structure (6) and the upper end face of the plate (2) is S1, 0.5≤H1 / S1≤0.9; The thickness of the baffle (4) is T1, and the thickness of the plate (2) is T2, where T1 is not greater than T2.

4. The porous transport layer containing a Tesla structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes multiple guide plates (7), which are respectively connected to the lower end of the skeleton structure (6), and the guide plates (7) are located between the inlet of the gas channel (8) and the outlet of the liquid channel (9).

5. The porous transport layer containing a Tesla structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The angle between the extension direction of the guide plate (7) and the lower edge of the skeleton structure (6) is 45°-55°. The thickness of the guide plate (7) is T3, and the thickness of the plate (2) is T2, and T3 is not greater than T2.

6. The porous transport layer containing a Tesla structure according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The thickness of the plate (2) is T2, and the distance between two adjacent plates (2) is S2, where 5μm≤T2≤10μm and 40μm≤S2≤80μm.

7. The porous transport layer containing a Tesla structure according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The overall length of the porous transport layer containing the Tesla structure is L1, the overall thickness is T4, the overall height is H2, 0.5cm≤L1≤2cm, 0.5cm≤T4≤2cm, and 200μm≤H2≤400μm; The width of the Tesla valve channel is 10μm-40μm, and the depth of the Tesla valve channel is 10μm-40μm.

8. The porous transport layer containing a Tesla structure according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The first curved skeleton (61), the second curved skeleton (62), the third curved skeleton (63), the triangular skeleton (66), the positive skeleton (64), and the negative skeleton (65) are respectively connected to two opposite sidewalls of the plate (2). In two adjacent skeleton structures (6), the first curved skeleton (61), the second curved skeleton (62), and the third curved skeleton (63) of one skeleton structure (6) are opposite to the positive skeleton (64) and the negative skeleton (65) of the other skeleton structure (6).

9. The porous transport layer containing a Tesla structure according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The outline of the positive skeleton (64) includes a first arc (641), a first line segment (642), a second line segment (643), and a third line segment (644) connected from end to end. The angle between the first line segment (642) and the second line segment (643) is 10°-45°, and the angle between the second line segment (643) and the third line segment (644) is 135°-170°. The outline of the anti-skeleton (65) includes a second arc (651), a fourth line segment (652), a fifth line segment (653), and a sixth line segment (654) connected end to end. The angle between the fourth line segment (652) and the fifth line segment (653) is 135°-170°, and the angle between the fifth line segment (653) and the sixth line segment (654) is 10°-45°.

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