Nozzle and atomic and molecular experiment system

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of atomic and molecular and photonics experiment, and particularly relates to a nozzle and an atomic and molecular experiment system, the nozzle is installed on the gas outlet of the spray pipe, and the spray inlet is communicated with the gas outlet, the gas entering the sealed chamber through the gas supply pipe group can be sprayed from the nozzle through the gas outlet, the temperature control rod is installed in the sealed chamber, the sealed chamber is heated by the temperature control rod, the gas supplied into the sealed chamber through the gas supply pipe group can be heated, a spiral groove is formed on the outer periphery of the nozzle, and a heat conduction element is wound in the spiral groove, the temperature of the whole steam spraying process of the nozzle can be adjusted, that is, the risk of steam condensation caused by temperature reduction in any stage of the whole process from the steam entering the sealed chamber of the spray pipe through the gas inlet to being sprayed from the nozzle through the spray outlet is avoided, and the risk of nozzle blockage caused by steam condensation is also avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of atomic, molecular and photonics experimental technology, and in particular to a nozzle and atomic and molecular experimental system. Background Technology

[0002] The emergence of ultra-intense and ultra-short laser pulses and the study of the extreme conditions they bring have gradually formed a new discipline—strong-field laser physics. Strong-field physics encompasses the study of ultra-intense laser sources, as well as the interaction between relativistic and non-relativistic lasers and atoms, molecules, clusters, solids, and plasmas. Research in these areas has brought tremendous impact and opportunities to many other disciplines, such as laboratory astrophysics, materials science, plasma physics, laser fusion, atomic and molecular physics, nonlinear optics, relativistic physics, laser physics, accelerator physics, high-energy physics, and many other applied disciplines. It is a very rich and rapidly developing discipline. Among all these related research areas, the interaction between lasers and atoms and molecules is fundamental to understanding the interaction between strong fields and matter. Exploring these problems helps us develop new concepts and methods, understand the basic picture of atomic and molecular ionization and dissociation in strong-field physics, and also helps to promote the development of new technologies, which in turn drives the progress of laser physics.

[0003] In existing technologies, when conducting research on advanced light sources and strong field laser atomic and molecular clusters, nozzles are typically used for gas introduction. However, when using nozzles for gas introduction, some steam is usually introduced according to experimental needs. During the steam introduction process, the steam will condense, which may cause the nozzle to become clogged, affecting experimental safety. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this invention is to provide a nozzle and an atomic and molecular experimental system, which aims to solve the technical problem in related technologies where, when using a nozzle to introduce gas, some steam is usually introduced according to experimental needs. However, during the steam introduction process, the steam will condense, which may cause the nozzle to become clogged and affect experimental safety.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a nozzle comprising:

[0006] The nozzle has a sealed chamber inside, and an air inlet and an air outlet communicating with the sealed chamber are formed at both ends of the nozzle. An air supply pipe assembly communicating with the sealed chamber is connected to the air outlet of the nozzle.

[0007] A nozzle, disposed at the air outlet, has an inlet, an outlet, and a spray channel connecting the inlet and the outlet. The inlet communicates with the air outlet. A spiral groove is formed on the outer periphery of the nozzle, extending from one end where the inlet is located to one end where the outlet is located. A heat-conducting element is wound within the spiral groove for heating the nozzle.

[0008] A temperature control rod is disposed in the sealed chamber and is used to heat the gas entering the sealed chamber through the gas supply pipe assembly.

[0009] Optionally, there are multiple temperature control rods, which are distributed circumferentially within the sealed chamber. Each temperature control rod extends from the air inlet to the air outlet, and the control end of the temperature control rod passes through the air outlet and extends to the outside of the nozzle.

[0010] Optionally, the gas supply pipe group includes spaced-apart air inlet pipes and multiple steam supply pipes, the number of which is the same as the number of temperature control rods and they are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0011] Optionally, the temperature on each of the temperature control rods is set to gradually increase from the air inlet toward the air outlet.

[0012] Optionally, the nozzle has a sealing plate at one end where the outlet is located to block the sealed chamber, the air outlet is opened on the sealing plate, and the air outlet is offset from the nozzle inlet.

[0013] Optionally, the air outlet is located on the side wall of the sealing plate near the sealing chamber, and the injection channel is formed at the center of the nozzle.

[0014] Optionally, the injection channel is configured to gradually narrow from the injection inlet to the injection outlet.

[0015] Optionally, the device also includes a mounting plate, which is detachably mounted on one end of the nozzle where the spray inlet is located. The mounting plate has a through hole that corresponds to and communicates with the spray inlet, and a filter element is sandwiched between the mounting plate and the nozzle.

[0016] Optionally, an annular flange is provided at one end of the nozzle where the air outlet is located, and the nozzle at one end where the spray inlet is located is detachably installed on the annular flange, and the nozzle and the annular flange are sealed by a sealing ring.

[0017] Based on the same technical concept, in a second aspect, the present invention proposes an atomic and molecular experimental system, comprising:

[0018] Gas source; and,

[0019] The nozzle described in the first aspect, wherein the air supply pipe assembly is connected to the air source.

[0020] This invention provides a sealed chamber formed within a nozzle, a spray head, and a nozzle assembly. An inlet and an outlet, communicating with the sealed chamber, are formed at both ends of the nozzle. A gas supply pipe assembly, also communicating with the sealed chamber, is connected to the outlet of the nozzle. This allows gas to be supplied to the sealed chamber via the gas supply pipe assembly during use. Furthermore, a spray head with an inlet, an outlet, and a jetting channel connecting the inlet and outlet is installed at the outlet, ensuring communication between the inlet and outlet. This allows gas entering the sealed chamber via the gas supply pipe assembly to be ejected from the nozzle through the outlet. Simultaneously, a temperature control rod is installed within the sealed chamber to heat it. This ensures that the gas supplied through the gas supply pipe assembly can be effectively controlled during use. The gas inside the sealed chamber is heated, and a spiral groove is formed on the outer periphery of the nozzle. A heat-conducting element is wound inside the spiral groove. This allows the present invention to adjust the temperature of the nozzle throughout the entire steam injection process when applied to steam injection. This avoids the risk of steam condensation due to temperature drop at any stage during the process from when the steam enters the sealed chamber of the nozzle through the air inlet to when it exits the nozzle through the outlet. It also avoids the risk of nozzle blockage due to steam condensation. This solves the technical problem in related technologies where, when using a nozzle to introduce gas, some steam is usually introduced according to experimental needs. However, during the steam introduction process, the steam will condense, which may cause the nozzle to become blocked, affecting experimental safety. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the nozzle structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the side structure of an example nozzle;

[0024] Figure 3 for Figure 2 An enlarged structural diagram of section B in the example;

[0025] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Example: Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of AA;

[0026] Figure 5 for Figure 4 An enlarged structural diagram of section C in the example.

[0027] 200 spray head 02 air intake 300 Temperature control rod 03 air outlet 400 Gas supply piping assembly 04 Spray Inlet 500 sealing plate 05 Spray outlet 600 Mounting plate 06 Injection Channel 700 Filter element 07 Diffuser 800 sealing ring 110 intake manifold 900 Diffuser plate 120 Steam supply pipe 10 thermal conductive elements 08 Spiral groove

[0028] The objectives, features, and advantages of this invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of the mechanisms in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0031] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connection," "fixed," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "fixed" can mean a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; it can mean a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can mean a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can mean the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0032] Furthermore, if the embodiments of this invention involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the meaning of "and / or" throughout the text includes three parallel solutions; for example, "A and / or B" includes solution A, solution B, or a solution where both A and B are satisfied simultaneously. Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this invention.

[0033] The inventive concept of the present invention will be further explained below with reference to some specific embodiments.

[0034] This invention proposes a nozzle and an atomic and molecular experimental system.

[0035] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, an embodiment of the nozzle and atomic and molecular experimental system of the present invention is presented.

[0036] In this embodiment, please refer to Figures 1-5 This type of nozzle includes:

[0037] The nozzle 100 has a sealed chamber 01 inside. At both ends of the nozzle 100, there are air inlets 02 and air outlets 03 that communicate with the sealed chamber 01. An air supply pipe assembly 400 that communicates with the sealed chamber 01 is connected to the air outlet 03 of the nozzle 100.

[0038] A nozzle 200 is disposed at an air outlet 03. The nozzle 200 has an inlet 04, an outlet 05, and a spray channel 06 connecting the inlet 04 and the outlet 05. The inlet 04 communicates with the outlet 03. A spiral groove 08 is formed on the outer periphery of the nozzle 200, extending from one end where the inlet 04 is located to one end where the outlet 05 is located. A heat-conducting element 10 is filled in the spiral groove 08 for heating the nozzle 200.

[0039] Temperature control rod 300 is disposed in sealed chamber 01 and is used to heat the gas entering sealed chamber 01 through gas supply pipe assembly 400.

[0040] In this embodiment, by providing a nozzle 100, a spray head 200, and a nozzle, a sealed chamber 01 is formed within the nozzle 100. An air inlet 02 and an air outlet 03, communicating with the sealed chamber 01, are formed at both ends of the nozzle 100. An air supply pipe assembly 400, communicating with the sealed chamber 01, is connected to the air outlet 03 of the nozzle 100. This allows gas to be supplied to the sealed chamber 01 of the nozzle 100 through the air supply pipe assembly 400 during use. Furthermore, Next, a nozzle 200 with an inlet 04, an outlet 05, and an injection channel 06 connecting the inlet 04 and the outlet 05 is installed at the outlet 03, so that the inlet 04 and the outlet 03 are connected. This allows the gas that enters the sealed chamber 01 through the air supply pipe assembly 400 to be ejected from the nozzle 200 through the outlet 03. At the same time, a temperature control rod 300 is installed in the sealed chamber 01 to heat the sealed chamber 01. The heat generated allows the present invention to heat the gas supplied into the sealed chamber 01 via the gas supply pipe assembly 400 during specific use. Simultaneously, a spiral groove 08 is formed on the outer periphery of the nozzle 200, and a heat-conducting element 10 is wound within the spiral groove 08. This enables the present invention to adjust the temperature of the nozzle throughout the entire steam injection process when applied to steam injection. This avoids the risk of steam condensation due to temperature drop at any stage during the entire process from the steam entering the sealed chamber 01 of the nozzle 100 from the air inlet 02 to exiting the nozzle 200 from the outlet 05. It also avoids the risk of nozzle blockage due to steam condensation. This solves the technical problem in related technologies where, when using a nozzle for gas introduction, some steam is usually introduced according to experimental needs, and the nozzle may condense during the steam introduction process, leading to nozzle blockage and affecting experimental safety.

[0041] It should be specifically and clearly stated that in this embodiment, the nozzle 100 and nozzle 200 are both made of materials that are resistant to high temperatures and have good thermal conductivity. This embodiment only applies these materials and does not involve any specific material improvements or designs. However, it can be exemplified that the nozzle 100 and nozzle 200 in this embodiment are both made of metal pipes such as iron pipes and copper pipes or alloy pipes such as stainless steel pipes.

[0042] In an exemplary embodiment, in order to ensure the heat preservation and heating effect of the nozzle of the present invention, the temperature control rod 300 and the heat-conducting element can be connected to an external control device at the same time, and the temperature of the temperature control rod 300 and the heat-conducting element can be controlled simultaneously through the external control device, thereby achieving heating of the nozzle. The heating temperature can be fed back in real time through the heat-conducting element, thereby ensuring the temperature of the entire nozzle during use, and ensuring that steam does not condense inside the nozzle, thus avoiding clogging of the nozzle.

[0043] In some specific embodiments, there are multiple temperature control rods 300, which are distributed circumferentially in the sealed chamber 01. Each temperature control rod 300 extends from the air inlet 02 to the air outlet 03, and the control end of the temperature control rod 300 passes through the air outlet 03 and extends to the outside of the nozzle 100.

[0044] In this embodiment, multiple temperature control rods 300 are arranged in a spaced manner within the sealed chamber 01. Each temperature control rod 300 extends along the direction from the air inlet 02 to the air outlet 03, with the control end of all temperature control rods 300 passing through the air outlet 03 and extending to the outside of the nozzle 100. This allows the invention to heat the space within the sealed chamber 01 during use, and the spaced multiple temperature control rods 300 ensure a relatively uniform heating environment throughout the sealed chamber 01 during actual use.

[0045] It should be specifically and clearly stated that, in this embodiment, the temperature control rod 300 can directly adopt existing mature equipment or devices. This embodiment only applies it and does not involve any improvement or design of the structure or working principle of the temperature control rod 300 itself. Therefore, it will not be described in detail here. However, it can be exemplified that the temperature control rod 300 in this embodiment includes, but is not limited to, the electric heating temperature control rod 300, the thermal cycling temperature control rod 300, etc. in the prior art.

[0046] In some specific embodiments, the nozzle 100 has a sealing plate 500 at the outlet end to seal the sealing chamber 01, an air outlet 03 is opened on the sealing plate 500, and the air outlet 03 is staggered from the nozzle inlet 04.

[0047] In this embodiment, a sealing plate 500 for sealing the sealed chamber 01 is provided at one end of the nozzle 100 where the air outlet 03 is located. The air outlet 03 is opened on the sealing plate 500, and the air outlet 03 and the inlet 04 are staggered. This allows the gas entering the sealed chamber 01 to decelerate under the staggered distribution of the air outlet 03 and the inlet 04. Furthermore, when at least two gases are present in the sealed chamber 01, the two gases can be fully mixed within the sealed chamber 01. Moreover, because the air outlet 03 and the inlet 04 are misaligned, the high-pressure gas in the sealed chamber 01 will not directly impact the inlet 04 of the nozzle 200, effectively increasing the service life of the inlet 04.

[0048] It should be specifically and clearly stated that the air outlet 03 in the example can be located on the side wall of the sealing plate 500 near the sealing chamber 01.

[0049] In some specific embodiments, the air outlet 03 is located on the side wall of the sealing plate 500 near the sealing chamber 01, and the spray channel 06 is formed at the center of the nozzle 200.

[0050] In this embodiment, the air outlet 03 is positioned on the side wall of the sealing plate 500 near the sealing chamber 01, so that the gas in the sealing chamber 01 can be fully mixed during use.

[0051] In some specific embodiments, the injection channel 06 is gradually narrowed from the injection inlet 04 to the injection outlet 05.

[0052] In this embodiment, the injection channel 06 is set to gradually narrow from the injection inlet 04 to the injection outlet 05, so that the gas discharged from the sealed chamber 01 of the gradually narrowing channel can be accelerated during use, thereby ensuring that the gas ejected from the injection outlet 05 has a high ejection speed.

[0053] In some specific embodiments, a mounting plate 600 is also included. The mounting plate 600 is detachably mounted on one end of the nozzle 200 where the spray inlet 04 is located. The mounting plate 600 has a through hole that corresponds to and communicates with the spray inlet 04. A filter element 700 is sandwiched between the mounting plate 600 and the nozzle 200.

[0054] In this embodiment, a mounting plate 600 is detachably mounted to the end of the nozzle 200 where the spray inlet 04 is located. A through hole corresponding to and communicating with the spray inlet 04 is then provided on the mounting plate 600. Finally, a filter element 700 is sandwiched between the mounting plate 600 and the nozzle 200. This allows the invention to filter the gas discharged from the sealed chamber 01 during actual use, improving the purity of the sprayed gas. Simultaneously, the filter element 700 enables the invention to control the alignment of the gas during use.

[0055] In some specific embodiments, an annular flange is provided at one end of the nozzle 100 where the air outlet 03 is located, and the nozzle 200 where the spray inlet 04 is located is detachably installed on the annular flange, and the nozzle 200 and the annular flange are sealed by a sealing ring 800.

[0056] In this embodiment, by providing a sealing ring 800 between the annular flange and the nozzle 200, the sealing performance of the invention during use can be ensured, avoiding the potential risk of gas overflowing into the gap between the annular flange and the nozzle 200.

[0057] In some specific embodiments, a diffuser plate 900 is detachably installed at one end of the nozzle 200 where the nozzle outlet 05 is located. The diffuser plate 900 is provided with a diffuser hole 07 that is corresponding to and connected to the nozzle outlet 05. The diffuser hole 07 is gradually widened in the direction away from the nozzle outlet 05.

[0058] In this embodiment, by detachably installing a diffuser plate 900 at one end of the nozzle 200 where the nozzle 05 is located, the present invention can diffuse the gas ejected from the nozzle 05 during use, thereby avoiding excessive flow rate of the gas ejected from the nozzle 05 and affecting the performance.

[0059] In some specific embodiments, the gas supply pipe group 400 includes spaced-apart air inlet pipes 110 and multiple steam supply pipes 120, with the number of steam supply pipes 120 matching the number of temperature control rods 300 and arranged in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0060] In this embodiment, the steam supply pipe 120 is positioned close to the temperature control rod 300, so that the present invention can heat and keep the steam supplied by the steam supply pipe 120 warm during use, thereby solving the defect in the related technology that the steam will condense in the sealed chamber 01.

[0061] In some specific embodiments, the temperature on each temperature control rod 300 is set to gradually increase from the air inlet 02 toward the air outlet 03.

[0062] In this embodiment, the temperature control rod 300 is set to gradually rise from the air inlet 02 towards the air outlet 03, so that the present invention can ensure that the temperature in the entire sealed chamber 01 is in a relatively uniform temperature field environment during actual use, avoiding the potential risk of temperature drop in the space inside the sealed chamber 01 as the distance from the air inlet 02 increases.

[0063] It should be specifically and clearly stated that, in this embodiment, the temperature control rod 300 can be configured to have a structure with multiple heaters in the direction from the air inlet 02 to the air outlet 03, and each heater can be controlled independently, thereby enabling the function of heating different spaces in the sealed chamber 01.

[0064] Based on the same technical concept, in a second aspect, the present invention proposes an atomic and molecular experimental system, comprising:

[0065] Gas source; and,

[0066] The nozzle of the first aspect is connected to the air supply pipe assembly 400.

[0067] In this embodiment, by providing a nozzle 100, a spray head 200, and a nozzle, a sealed chamber 01 is formed within the nozzle 100. An air inlet 02 and an air outlet 03, communicating with the sealed chamber 01, are formed at both ends of the nozzle 100. An air supply pipe assembly 400, communicating with the sealed chamber 01, is connected to the air outlet 03 of the nozzle 100. This allows gas to be supplied to the sealed chamber 01 of the nozzle 100 through the air supply pipe assembly 400 during use. Furthermore, Next, a nozzle 200 with an inlet 04, an outlet 05, and an injection channel 06 connecting the inlet 04 and the outlet 05 is installed at the outlet 03, so that the inlet 04 and the outlet 03 are connected. This allows the gas that enters the sealed chamber 01 through the air supply pipe assembly 400 to be ejected from the nozzle 200 through the outlet 03. At the same time, a temperature control rod 300 is installed in the sealed chamber 01 to heat the sealed chamber 01. The heat generated allows the present invention to heat the gas supplied into the sealed chamber 01 via the gas supply pipe assembly 400 during specific use. Simultaneously, a spiral groove 08 is formed on the outer periphery of the nozzle 200, and a heat-conducting element 10 is wound within the spiral groove 08. This enables the present invention to adjust the temperature of the nozzle throughout the entire steam injection process when applied to steam injection. This avoids the risk of steam condensation due to temperature drop at any stage during the entire process from the steam entering the sealed chamber 01 of the nozzle 100 from the air inlet 02 to exiting the nozzle 200 from the outlet 05. It also avoids the risk of nozzle blockage due to steam condensation. This solves the technical problem in related technologies where, when using a nozzle for gas introduction, some steam is usually introduced according to experimental needs, and the nozzle may condense during the steam introduction process, leading to nozzle blockage and affecting experimental safety.

[0068] The above description is merely an optional embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural transformations made using the contents of the present invention's specification and drawings under the inventive concept of the present invention, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A nozzle, characterized in that, include: The nozzle has a sealed chamber inside, and an air inlet and an air outlet communicating with the sealed chamber are formed at both ends of the nozzle. An air supply pipe assembly communicating with the sealed chamber is connected to the air inlet of the nozzle. A nozzle, disposed at the air outlet, has an inlet, an outlet, and a spray channel connecting the inlet and the outlet. The inlet communicates with the air outlet. A spiral groove is formed on the outer periphery of the nozzle, extending from one end where the inlet is located to one end where the outlet is located. A heat-conducting element is wound within the spiral groove for heating the nozzle. A temperature control rod is disposed in the sealed chamber and is used to heat the gas entering the sealed chamber through the gas supply pipe assembly. The number of temperature control rods is multiple, and the multiple temperature control rods are distributed circumferentially in the sealed cavity. Each temperature control rod extends from the air inlet to the air outlet, and the control end of the temperature control rod passes through the air outlet and extends to the outside of the nozzle. The temperature on each of the temperature control rods is set to gradually increase from the air inlet toward the air outlet; The temperature control rod and the heat-conducting element are simultaneously connected to an external control device so that the temperature control rod and the heat-conducting element can be simultaneously controlled by the external control device, and the heating temperature can be fed back in real time by the heat-conducting element. The gas supply pipe group includes spaced-apart air inlet pipes and multiple steam supply pipes, and the number of steam supply pipes is the same as that of the temperature control rods and they are set in a one-to-one correspondence. The nozzle has a sealing plate at one end where the outlet is located to block the sealed chamber, the air outlet is opened on the sealing plate, and the air outlet is offset from the nozzle inlet; The air outlet is located on the side wall of the sealing plate near the sealing chamber, and the injection channel is formed at the center of the nozzle.

2. The nozzle as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, The injection channel is gradually narrowed from the injection inlet to the injection outlet.

3. The nozzle as described in any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that, It also includes a mounting plate, which is detachably mounted on one end of the nozzle where the spray inlet is located. The mounting plate has a through hole that corresponds to and communicates with the spray inlet, and a filter is sandwiched between the mounting plate and the nozzle.

4. The nozzle as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The nozzle has an annular flange at one end where the air outlet is located, and the nozzle has an inlet at one end that is detachably mounted on the annular flange. The nozzle and the annular flange are sealed by a sealing ring.

5. An atomic and molecular experimental system, characterized in that, include: Gas source; as well as, The nozzle as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the air supply pipe assembly is connected to the air source.

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