TBM controllable seismic source-rock breaking source seismic wave advanced detection method and system

Abstract

This invention provides a method and system for advance detection of TBM controlled-source rock-breaking source seismic waves, belonging to the field of tunnel boring technology. The method involves preprocessing low-frequency controlled-source seismic data acquired after TBM shutdown, high-frequency controlled-source seismic data, and rock-breaking source seismic data acquired during TBM excavation. The precursor signals of the preprocessed low-frequency, high-frequency, and rock-breaking source seismic data are then subjected to interferometric processing to obtain corresponding interferometric seismic data. Utilizing the low frequency characteristic of rock-breaking source seismic records, prior constraints are provided for controlled-source inversion. Taking advantage of the multi-frequency properties of the controlled-source frequency-division scanning interferometric data, multi-scale full-waveform inversion is used to obtain refined inversion wave velocity results. Furthermore, reverse-time migration imaging is used to obtain boundary-delineated imaging results, providing a safety guarantee for advance detection in TBM tunnel construction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel advance detection technology, and in particular to a method and system for advance detection of seismic waves from a TBM-controlled source rock-breaking source. Background Technology

[0002] The statements in this section are merely background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] With the rapid development of tunnel engineering, tunnel boring machines (TBMs) have gradually been widely used. Compared with traditional drill and blast construction methods, TBM construction has significant advantages such as high mechanization and fast construction speed. However, during TBM tunnel excavation, adverse geological formations pose a significant threat to construction safety. Encountering karst caves, fractured zones, and other adverse geological conditions can easily lead to disasters such as machine jamming, water inrush, and mudslides, and even serious consequences such as casualties. Due to the complexity and special nature of the TBM tunnel construction environment, advanced detection methods have always been a challenge in the field of tunnel advanced detection both domestically and internationally.

[0004] Among the many methods for detecting tunnel structures inside TBMs, seismic wave methods can locate and characterize adverse geological structures over long distances, and are widely used in advance detection of TBM construction tunnels. Based on different detection periods, detection methods can be classified into two main types: (1) Detection methods during TBM tunnel shutdown; When TBMs are shut down, active source seismic excitation is often used for detection. Traditional manual hammering for seismic exploration is limited by human power and the signal propagation distance is short. Therefore, active source equipment mounted in TBM tunnels has emerged. Commonly used mounted active source detection equipment includes hydraulic and pneumatic seismic sources. Although the excitation energy has been improved, the resolution of the effective signal of long-distance reflected waves is still uncontrollable. (2) Real-time detection methods during TBM tunneling; The TBM rock-breaking seismic source uses the rock-breaking vibration of the cutter head during TBM tunneling as the excitation source. It achieves real-time detection by utilizing the property of exploration during tunneling. Due to its large energy and low frequency, it can detect over a longer distance. However, the lack of high-frequency information in the TBM rock-breaking seismic source signal results in a lack of resolution for the long-distance real-time detection method. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a method and system for advanced detection of seismic waves from a TBM controlled seismic source and a rock-breaking seismic source. This method fully utilizes both the TBM shutdown and construction periods, combining the controlled seismic source and the rock-breaking seismic source in terms of both detection procedures and effectiveness. By leveraging the high-frequency signal excitation capability of the controlled seismic source, the need for precise detection during shutdown is met. Furthermore, the real-time detection capability of the TBM rock-breaking seismic source during TBM tunneling compensates for the limitation of controlled seismic sources, which can only detect during shutdown.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: The first aspect of this invention provides a method for advance detection of seismic waves from a TBM-controlled source rock-breaking source.

[0007] A method for advance detection of seismic waves from a TBM-controlled source rock-breaking source includes the following steps: When the TBM is shut down, two segments of controlled source seismic data are acquired by frequency division scanning: low-frequency controlled source seismic data and high-frequency controlled source seismic data. During the TBM tunneling process, rock-breaking source seismic data excited by rock-breaking sources are collected. Preprocessing is performed on the low-frequency band controlled source seismic data, high-frequency band controlled source seismic data, and rock-breaking source seismic data acquired after the TBM is shut down, as well as the rock-breaking source seismic data during the TBM tunneling process. Cross-correlation interferometry was performed on the lead signals of the preprocessed low-frequency controlled-source seismic data, high-frequency controlled-source seismic data, and rock-breaking source seismic data to obtain the interferometric seismic data corresponding to each seismic data. The acquired interferometric seismic data is noise-removed to obtain seismic interferometric data with random noise removed. The direct wave component of the seismic interferometric data is analyzed to obtain the direct wave velocity. Based on the direct wave velocity, an initial velocity model is created. Based on the initial velocity model, multi-scale joint inversion is performed to obtain the final velocity model. Reverse time migration imaging is then performed on the final velocity model to obtain the final imaging result.

[0008] As a further limitation of the first aspect of the present invention, the principle of cross-correlation interference is as follows:

[0009] in, and There are two signals. Interferometric seismic records generated by cross-correlation For time intervals.

[0010] As an optional implementation of the first aspect of the present invention, preprocessing is performed on the acquired low-frequency controlled-source seismic data after TBM shutdown, high-frequency controlled-source seismic data, and rock-breaking source seismic data during TBM tunneling, including: Mean removal and delinear trend removal processing were performed on low-frequency controlled-source seismic data, high-frequency controlled-source seismic data, and rock-breaking source seismic data.

[0011] As one optional implementation of the first aspect of the present invention, noise removal is performed on the acquired interferometric seismic data, including: The main frequency components of the seismic record were selected by bandpass filtering and random noise was removed by spectral subtraction. Bandpass filtering was performed by Fourier transform to extract the effective signal in the frequency domain, and the denoised interferometric seismic record was obtained by inverse Fourier transform.

[0012] As an optional implementation of the first aspect of the present invention, based on the initial inversion velocity model, a multi-scale joint inversion based on controllable source frequency division scanning is performed to obtain the final inversion velocity model, including: Using all waveform information of the rock-breaking source interferometric seismic data as the fitting target, forward modeling is performed by applying the rock-breaking source wavelet signal to the initial velocity model to obtain simulated seismic data. The L2 norm of the difference between the simulated seismic record and the interferometric seismic record is used as the objective function. The minimum value of the objective function is continuously sought, and then the simulated seismic data and the actual interferometric seismic data are continuously fitted to obtain the wave velocity model based on the full waveform inversion of the rock-breaking source interferometric data. The obtained wave velocity model will be used as the initial model for multi-scale inversion. Since there are multiple solutions in the inversion, a good initial model will help improve the accuracy of the inversion. In this invention, the wave velocity model obtained by full waveform inversion of rock-breaking source interferometric data is used as the initial model. The low-frequency band controllable source interferometric data is scanned using frequency-division signals to perform full waveform inversion. The autocorrelation wavelet function data of the controllable source leader signal is used as the source and applied to the initial model to obtain a set of seismic records of low-frequency signals from controllable sources. The low-frequency band controllable source interferometric data is used as the fitting object, and the L2 norm of the difference between the simulated seismic record and the interferometric seismic record is used as the objective function for inversion. Based on the continuously inverted and iteratively updated stratigraphic model, simulated data that is closer to the actual interferometric data is obtained. When the difference between the simulated data and the interferometric data is small enough, or when the number of inversion iterations reaches the upper limit set by the user, the full waveform inversion of the low-frequency band is considered to be completed, and a wave velocity model based on the full waveform inversion of the low-frequency band controllable source interferometric data is obtained. Compared with the velocity model obtained by rock-breaking source inversion, the velocity model obtained at this time has a further increased level of detail in describing the stratigraphic structure. The nonlinearity and periodic jump phenomenon of the full waveform inversion cause the objective function to have multiple extrema. By using the low-frequency band interferometric data inversion with controllable source frequency division scanning, the full waveform inversion method can relatively improve the robustness of the inversion process and effectively reduce the multiple solutions of the inversion. The wave velocity model based on the full waveform inversion of low-frequency controlled-source interferometric data is used as the initial model. Full waveform inversion is performed using high-frequency controlled-source interferometric data obtained by frequency division scanning. The wavelet data of the autocorrelation of the high-frequency controlled-source leader signal is used as the source and added to the initial velocity model obtained by inverting the low-frequency signal to obtain a set of simulated interferometric data. The L2 norm of the difference between the simulated record and the high-frequency interferometric data is used as the objective function. The final inverted velocity model is obtained through iterative optimization. Due to its high-frequency characteristics, the co-directional axis in the interferometric data based on frequency division scanning of high-frequency controlled-source interferometric data will be narrower, and the information that can be fitted during inversion fitting will be richer. Fine structural information can be obtained on the basis of the low-frequency inversion model.

[0013] As an optional implementation of the first aspect of the present invention, the lead signals of low-frequency band controlled-source seismic data, high-frequency band controlled-source seismic data, and rock-breaking source seismic data are respectively subjected to autocorrelation processing to obtain the wavelet signals corresponding to each of the low-frequency band controlled-source seismic data, high-frequency band controlled-source seismic data, and rock-breaking source seismic data.

[0014] As one possible implementation of the first aspect of the present invention, the components of direct waves are extracted from low-frequency controlled-source seismic data, high-frequency controlled-source seismic data, and rock-breaking source seismic data. The surrounding rock wave velocity information is calculated and obtained using the direct wave information, and the direct wave components are removed. An inversion initial velocity model is created using the surrounding rock wave velocity information and previous exploration information.

[0015] As an optional implementation of the first aspect of the present invention, reverse time migration imaging is performed on the final inverted velocity model to obtain the final imaging result, including: Autocorrelation wavelet data of the rock-breaking source leader signal is applied at the location of the rock-breaking source leader sensor, and seismic interferometric data of the rock-breaking source is applied in reverse time at the location of the geophone. The wave fields of the two are saved, and the imaging results of the rock-breaking source are obtained by correlation superposition. High-frequency controllable source leader signal autocorrelation wavelet data is applied at the location of the controllable source leader sensor, and high-frequency controllable source seismic interferometry data is applied in reverse time at the location of the detector. The wave fields of both are saved, and the high-frequency controllable source imaging results are obtained by correlation superposition. Low-frequency controllable source leader signal autocorrelation wavelet data is applied at the location of the controllable source leader sensor, and low-frequency controllable source seismic interferometry data is applied in reverse time at the location of the detector. The wave fields of both are saved, and the low-frequency controllable source imaging results are obtained by correlation superposition. The final imaging result is obtained by superimposing the rock-breaking source imaging results, the high-frequency controllable source imaging results, and the low-frequency controllable source imaging results.

[0016] The second aspect of the present invention provides a TBM-controlled source-rock-breaking source seismic wave advance detection system.

[0017] A TBM-controlled source-rock-breaking source seismic wave advance detection system includes: The preprocessing module preprocesses the low-frequency band controlled source seismic data, high-frequency band controlled source seismic data, and rock-breaking source seismic data acquired after the TBM stops, as well as the rock-breaking source seismic data during the TBM tunneling process. The interferometry processing module is configured to perform interferometry processing on the lead signals of the preprocessed low-frequency band controlled source seismic data, high-frequency band controlled source seismic data, and rock-breaking source seismic data respectively, to obtain the interferometric seismic data corresponding to each seismic data. The initial inversion model is constructed as follows: based on low-frequency controlled-source interferometric seismic data, high-frequency controlled-source interferometric seismic data, and rock-breaking source interferometric seismic data, noise is removed from the acquired interferometric seismic data (using bandpass filtering and spectral subtraction) to obtain seismic interferometric data with random noise removed, and the direct wave velocity data of the seismic interferometric data is obtained. Based on the direct wave velocity data, an initial velocity inversion model is created. Multi-scale inversion imaging is configured as follows: based on the initial inversion velocity model, multi-scale joint inversion is performed to obtain the final inversion velocity model, and reverse time migration imaging is performed on the final inversion velocity model to obtain the final imaging result.

[0018] The third aspect of this invention provides a TBM-controlled source-rock-breaking source seismic wave advance detection system.

[0019] A TBM-controlled source-rock-breaking source seismic wave advance detection system includes: Includes: electromagnetic controllable seismic source, three-component geophone, controllable seismic source leader sensor and rock-breaking seismic source leader sensor; The electromagnetic controllable source is fixed on the support shoe of the TBM, the three-component detector is fixed on both sides of the TBM working platform, the controllable source pilot sensor is fixed on the rock wall near the electromagnetic controllable source, and the rock-breaking source pilot sensor is located on the rear side of the upper cutterhead of the TBM. The electromagnetic controllable vibration source includes: an airbag, a baffle plate, a counterweight shell, a base plate, a guide rail, a moving component, an acceleration sensor, and an excitation component; The guide rail is arranged on the base plate, and the counterweight shell is slidably connected to the guide rail through the moving component. The excitation component and the acceleration sensor are fixed on one side of the counterweight shell, and a baffle plate is fixed on the base plate on the other side of the counterweight shell. An airbag is fixed on the side of the baffle plate facing the counterweight shell. It also includes a main control unit that communicates with an electromagnetic controllable seismic source, a three-component geophone, a controllable seismic source leader sensor, and a rock-breaking seismic source leader sensor, respectively. The main control unit is configured to perform detection using the TBM controllable seismic source-rock-breaking seismic wave advance detection method of the first aspect of the present invention.

[0020] As an optional implementation of the third aspect of the present invention, the three-component geophone and the controllable source pilot sensor are activated and begin receiving seismic records when the electromagnetic controllable source excitation is detected. When the electromagnetic controllable source excitation ends, the three-component geophone stops working and saves the seismic records to the main control unit.

[0021] As an optional implementation of the third aspect of the present invention, during the TBM tunneling process, the main control unit controls the rock-breaking source pilot sensor and the three-component geophone to start simultaneously to receive seismic records; when the detection ends, it controls the rock-breaking source pilot sensor and the three-component geophone to stop simultaneously and save the seismic records to the main control unit.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. In view of the complexity and special characteristics of the tunnel detection environment, this invention innovatively proposes a controllable seismic source-rock-breaking seismic source advanced detection system for tunnel boring machines. It makes full use of the two periods of TBM downtime and construction, and combines the controllable seismic source and the rock-breaking seismic source in terms of detection process and detection effect, overcoming the problem of single detection method and the limitations of insufficient detection accuracy and detection coverage in traditional detection.

[0023] 2. This invention innovatively proposes a data processing method for controllable seismic sources and rock-breaking seismic sources. It initially removes noise through bandpass filtering, removes random noise using cross-correlation, and obtains interferometric seismic records, providing a data foundation for subsequent inversion and imaging.

[0024] 3. This invention innovatively proposes a joint inversion and imaging method using controlled-source and rock-breaking sources. A first full-waveform inversion is performed on an initial model using interferometric data from a low-frequency rock-breaking source to obtain a large-scale inversion result. This inversion result is then used as the initial model for a second full-waveform inversion using interferometric data from a controlled source, resulting in a more refined inversion velocity model. By comprehensively utilizing the two sets of interferometric seismic records and further obtaining structural information through reverse-time migration imaging, the accuracy of the inversion imaging is greatly improved. Through the combined application of the low- and high-frequency characteristics of rock-breaking and controlled-source sources, the goal of fine-grained detection of tunnels during TBM construction is achieved.

[0025] Advantages of additional aspects of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0026] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a front view of the electromagnetic controllable vibration source provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a top view of the electromagnetic controllable vibration source provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the TBM controllable source-rock-breaking source seismic wave advance detection system provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the TBM-controlled source-rock-breaking source seismic wave advance detection method provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. The components include: 1. Excitation component; 2. Accelerometer; 3. Guide rail; 4. Moving component; 5. Counterweight housing; 6. Base plate; 7. Airbag; 8. Baffle plate; 9. TBM cutterhead; 10. Rock breaking source pilot sensor; 11. Support shoe; 12. Electromagnetic controllable source; 13. Three-component detector; 14. Working platform; 15. Controllable source pilot sensor; and 16. Mounting holes. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0029] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and intended to provide further illustration of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0030] Where there is no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0031] Example 1: Embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a TBM-controlled source-rock-breaking source seismic wave advance detection system, such as... Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, it includes: Includes: electromagnetic controllable seismic source 12, three-component detector 13, controllable seismic source leader sensor 15, and rock-breaking seismic source leader sensor 10; The electromagnetic controllable seismic source 12 is fixed on the support shoe 11 of the TBM, the three-component detector 13 is fixed on both sides of the TBM working platform 14, the controllable seismic source pilot sensor 15 is fixed on the rock wall near the electromagnetic controllable seismic source 12 (specifically, the controllable seismic source pilot sensor 15 is fixed separately on the rock wall, detached from the TBM, and placed in a position close to the controllable seismic source pilot sensor 15), and the rock breaking seismic source pilot sensor 10 is located on the rear side of the cutterhead 9 on the TBM; The electromagnetic controllable vibration source 12 includes: an airbag 7, a baffle plate 8, a counterweight shell 5, a base plate 6, a guide rail 3, a moving component 4, an acceleration sensor 2, and an excitation component 1; The guide rail 3 is arranged on the base plate 6. The counterweight shell 5 is slidably connected to the guide rail 3 through the moving component 4. The excitation component 1 and the acceleration sensor 2 are fixed on one side of the counterweight shell 5. A blocking plate 8 is fixed on the base plate 6 on the other side of the counterweight shell 5. An airbag 7 is fixed on the side of the blocking plate 8 facing the counterweight shell 5. The base plate 6 is fixedly connected to the support shoe 11 through the mounting hole 16. It also includes a main control unit that communicates with the electromagnetic controllable seismic source 12, the three-component detector 13, the controllable seismic source pilot sensor 12 and the rock-breaking seismic source pilot sensor 10 respectively. The main control unit performs detection control and data analysis based on the acquired data.

[0032] Specifically, the working methods include: S1: When the TBM stops, the excitation parameters of the electromagnetic controllable vibration source 12, including excitation duration, waveform and excitation force, are controlled by the host (i.e. the main control unit) in the main control room. The airbag 7 of the electromagnetic controllable vibration source 12 installed on the support boot 11 is inflated to ensure buffering during the impact process. The excitation component 1 extends and presses against the rock wall. The counterweight shell 5 moves back and forth through the moving coil inside the controllable vibration source to achieve the purpose of vibration. The three-component geophones 13 on both sides of the TBM working plane 14 and the pilot sensor 15 on the rock wall near the controllable source 12 are activated and begin to receive seismic records when the electromagnetic controllable source 12 is detected to be excited. The accelerometer 2 at the front end of the electromagnetic controllable vibration source 12 can form a closed-loop control, precisely controlling the excitation duration, waveform and excitation force of the controllable vibration source; The electromagnetic controllable seismic source 12 performs frequency-division signal scanning to acquire two sets of signals: a low-frequency band and a high-frequency band (in this embodiment, the two frequency bands are relative concepts; for example, the low-frequency band could be 10-200Hz and the high-frequency band could be 200-400Hz, or the low-frequency band could be 100Hz-300Hz and the high-frequency band could be 300Hz-400Hz; the high and low frequency bands may also overlap, which will not be elaborated here). When the controllable seismic source 12 finishes excitation, the three-component detector 13 stops working and saves the seismic record to the host computer in the main control room. S2: During the TBM tunneling process, the main unit in the control room can control the pilot sensor 10 and the three-component geophone 13 installed on the back of the cutterhead 9 to start simultaneously and receive seismic records; When the detection ends, the pilot sensor 10 and the three-component geophone 13 are stopped simultaneously, and the seismic record is saved to the host computer in the main control room.

[0033] Example 2: like Figure 4 As shown, Embodiment 2 of the present invention provides a method for advance detection of seismic waves from a TBM-controlled source rock-breaking source, comprising the following steps: S1: Data Processing S1.1: Preprocess the raw data Mean and linear trend removal were performed on rock-breaking source earthquake records, low-frequency controlled-source earthquake records, and high-frequency controlled-source earthquake records. S1.2: The seismic records from rock-breaking sources and the seismic records from controlled sources in two frequency bands were subjected to interferometry, and the direct wave velocity was obtained by analysis. The formula for cross-correlation calculation between seismic records and precursor sensor signals is as follows: (1) in, and There are two signals. For the cross-correlation generated interferometric seismic records, f(·) refers to the seismic record, g(·) refers to the signal received by the lead sensor, which must be consistent with the seismic record components; t0 is the integral quantity used for full-time integration, and t is the independent variable of the function R(t), used to calculate the cross-correlation value at different times.

[0034] Random noise can be removed and interferometric seismic records can be obtained by interferometric processing. The lead signals of rock-breaking sources and low- to high-frequency controllable sources are subjected to autocorrelation processing to obtain their respective wavelet signals. (Autocorrelation processing is a type of cross-correlation, and can also be calculated using formula (1). As long as the two signals f and g are the same, it is autocorrelation).

[0035] S1.3: Denoising the interferometric seismic data is performed using bandpass filtering and spectral subtraction. Bandpass filtering extracts the dominant frequency information using Fourier transform, and then inverse Fourier transform is used to convert it back to the seismic record. (2) (3) in, It is a time-domain earthquake record. For frequency domain seismic records, the above processing can achieve preliminary removal of noise from rock-breaking and controllable source seismic records.

[0036] S2: Multi-scale joint inversion S2.1: Using the velocity model obtained in the data processing stage as the initial model, and the waveform and arrival time (signal arrival time) of the rock-breaking source interferometric data as the fitting object, the wavelet signal of the rock-breaking source is applied to the wave velocity model to perform forward modeling and obtain simulated seismic records. The simulated seismic records and actual interferometric seismic records are then continuously fitted together. (4) in, For error, In order to observe earthquake records, This is the earthquake record obtained through forward modeling; By utilizing the low frequency of seismic records from rock-breaking sources, large-scale inversion results are obtained, providing prior constraints for fine inversion of controllable sources.

[0037] S2.2: Use the wave velocity model obtained by full waveform inversion of rock-breaking source interferometric data as the initial model, perform full waveform inversion using low-frequency controllable source interferometric data, use low-frequency controllable source interferometric data as the fitting object, use the wavelet record of autocorrelation of controllable source leader signal as the source, and repeat the inversion process of S2.1. By using low-frequency controlled-source interferometry data, combined with rock-breaking sources, large-scale structures are further delineated, providing inversion data supplements for distant structures. This reduces the ambiguity of inversion using rock-breaking sources alone and provides a better initial model for subsequent fine inversion.

[0038] S2.3: Using high-frequency controlled source interferometric data, the wave velocity model obtained in S2.2 is further inverted. Since high-frequency seismic records have a better ability to characterize detailed structures, the purpose of fine detection can be achieved. By combining rock-breaking sources, low-frequency controlled sources, and high-frequency controlled sources multiple times, the inversion results are gradually refined from outlining large-scale structures to depicting detailed structures. The combined inversion method, which integrates three types of seismic records, can improve the accuracy and precision of the inversion while reducing the ambiguity of the inversion.

[0039] S3: Reverse Time-Shift Imaging Based on the inversion velocity model obtained in S2.3, the autocorrelation wavelet record of the rock-breaking source leader signal is used as the source signal for the forward propagation process, and this signal is applied at the location of the rock-breaking source leader sensor. The rock-breaking source seismic interferometry data is used as the source signal for the inverse propagation process, and the rock-breaking source seismic interferometry data is applied in reverse time at the geophone location. The wavefields of both are saved, and the rock-breaking source imaging results are obtained through correlation superposition.

[0040] The wavefield cross-correlation results are calculated using the following formula: (5) in For the imaging results, For the source wave field record, For the detector wave field recording, For the total duration, ( ( ) represents the three-dimensional coordinates of the source wave, and ( ) represents time. .

[0041] The controlled-source seismic records of the two frequency bands were imaged using the same method as those of rock-breaking seismic sources to obtain the controlled-source imaging results. The obtained imaging results were then superimposed to obtain the final imaging result.

[0042] Example 3: Embodiment 3 of the present invention provides a TBM-controlled source-rock-breaking source seismic wave advance detection system, comprising: The preprocessing module preprocesses the low-frequency band controlled source seismic data, high-frequency band controlled source seismic data, and rock-breaking source seismic data acquired after the TBM stops, as well as the rock-breaking source seismic data during the TBM tunneling process. The interferometry processing module is configured to perform interferometry processing on the lead signals of the preprocessed low-frequency band controlled source seismic data, high-frequency band controlled source seismic data, and rock-breaking source seismic data respectively, to obtain the interferometric seismic data corresponding to each seismic data. The initial inversion model construction module is configured to: remove noise from the acquired interferometric seismic data based on low-frequency controlled-source interferometric seismic data, high-frequency controlled-source interferometric seismic data, and rock-breaking source interferometric seismic data, obtain seismic interferometric data with random noise removed, obtain direct wave velocity data of the seismic interferometric data, and create an inversion initial velocity model based on the direct wave velocity data; The multi-scale inversion imaging module is configured to: perform multi-scale joint inversion based on the initial inversion velocity model to obtain the final inversion velocity model; and perform reverse time migration imaging on the final inversion velocity model to obtain the final imaging result.

[0043] The working method of the system is the same as that of the TBM controllable source-rock-breaking source seismic wave advance detection method provided in Example 2, and will not be repeated here.

[0044] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for advance detection of seismic waves from a TBM-controlled source rock-breaking source, characterized in that, The process includes the following: Preprocessing is performed on the low-frequency band controlled source seismic data, high-frequency band controlled source seismic data, and rock-breaking source seismic data acquired after the TBM is shut down, as well as the rock-breaking source seismic data during the TBM tunneling process. Interferometry was performed on the lead signals of the preprocessed low-frequency controlled-source seismic data, high-frequency controlled-source seismic data, and rock-breaking source seismic data to obtain the interferometric seismic data corresponding to each seismic data. Based on low-frequency controlled-source interferometric seismic data, high-frequency controlled-source interferometric seismic data, and rock-breaking source interferometric seismic data, noise removal is performed on the acquired interferometric seismic data to obtain seismic interferometric data with random noise removed, and the direct wave velocity data of the seismic interferometric data is obtained. Based on the direct wave velocity data, an inversion initial velocity model is created. Based on the initial inversion velocity model, multi-scale joint inversion is performed to obtain the final inversion velocity model. Reverse time migration imaging is then performed on the final inversion velocity model to obtain the final imaging result. Based on the initial inversion velocity model, multi-scale joint inversion is performed to obtain the final inversion velocity model, including: Using the waveform and arrival time of the rock-breaking source interferometric seismic data as the fitting object, the wavelet signal of the rock-breaking source is applied to the inverted initial velocity model to perform forward modeling and obtain simulated seismic data. By continuously fitting the simulated seismic data and the actual interferometric seismic data, a wave velocity model based on the full waveform inversion of the rock-breaking source interferometric data is obtained. The wave velocity model derived from the full waveform inversion of rock-breaking source interferometric data is used as the initial model. Full waveform inversion is performed using low-frequency controlled source interferometric data. The low-frequency controlled source interferometric data is used as the fitting object, and the wavelet data of the autocorrelation of the leader signal of the controlled source is used as the source. Thus, the wave velocity model derived from the full waveform inversion of low-frequency controlled source interferometric data is obtained. The wave velocity model based on the full waveform inversion of low-frequency controlled source interferometric data is used as the initial model. Full waveform inversion is performed using high-frequency controlled source interferometric data. The high-frequency controlled source interferometric data is used as the fitting object, and the wavelet data of the autocorrelation of the controllable source leader signal is used as the source to obtain the final inverted wave velocity model.

2. The TBM-controlled source-rock-breaking source seismic wave advance detection method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The acquired low-frequency controlled-source seismic data after TBM shutdown, high-frequency controlled-source seismic data, and rock-breaking source seismic data during TBM tunneling are subjected to noise reduction processing, including: Noise removal is achieved by bandpass filtering and spectral subtraction for low-frequency controlled-source seismic data, high-frequency controlled-source seismic data, and rock-breaking source seismic data. Bandpass filtering is performed by using Fourier transform to extract the dominant frequency information in the frequency domain, and then using inverse Fourier transform to convert it back into seismic data.

3. The TBM-controlled source-rock-breaking source seismic wave advance detection method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The lead signals of low-frequency controlled-source seismic data, high-frequency controlled-source seismic data, and rock-breaking source seismic data are subjected to autocorrelation processing to obtain the corresponding wavelet signals for each type of seismic data.

4. The TBM-controlled source-rock-breaking source seismic wave advance detection method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The components of direct waves are extracted from low-frequency controlled-source seismic data, high-frequency controlled-source seismic data, and rock-breaking source seismic data. The surrounding rock wave velocity information is calculated and obtained using the direct wave information, and the direct wave components are removed. Using the surrounding rock wave velocity information and previous exploration information, an inversion initial velocity model is created.

5. The TBM-controlled source-rock-breaking source seismic wave advance detection method as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Reverse-time migration imaging is performed on the final inverted velocity model to obtain the final imaging results, including: Autocorrelation wavelet data of the rock-breaking source leader signal is applied at the location of the rock-breaking source leader sensor, and seismic interferometric data of the rock-breaking source is applied in reverse time at the location of the geophone. The wave fields of the two are saved, and the imaging results of the rock-breaking source are obtained by correlation superposition. High-frequency controllable source leader signal autocorrelation wavelet data is applied at the location of the controllable source leader sensor, and high-frequency controllable source seismic interferometry data is applied in reverse time at the location of the detector. The wave fields of both are saved, and the high-frequency controllable source imaging results are obtained by correlation superposition. Low-frequency controllable source leader signal autocorrelation wavelet data is applied at the location of the controllable source leader sensor, and low-frequency controllable source seismic interferometry data is applied in reverse time at the location of the detector. The wave fields of both are saved, and the low-frequency controllable source imaging results are obtained by correlation superposition. The final imaging result is obtained by superimposing the rock-breaking source imaging results, the high-frequency controllable source imaging results, and the low-frequency controllable source imaging results.

6. A TBM-controlled source-rock-breaking source seismic wave advance detection system, characterized in that, The method for advance detection of seismic waves using a TBM-controlled source-rock-breaking source as described in any one of claims 1-5 includes: The preprocessing module preprocesses the low-frequency band controlled source seismic data, high-frequency band controlled source seismic data, and rock-breaking source seismic data acquired after the TBM stops, as well as the rock-breaking source seismic data during the TBM tunneling process. The interferometry processing module is configured to perform interferometry processing on the lead signals of the preprocessed low-frequency band controlled source seismic data, high-frequency band controlled source seismic data, and rock-breaking source seismic data respectively, to obtain the interferometric seismic data corresponding to each seismic data. The initial inversion model construction module is configured to: remove noise from the acquired interferometric seismic data based on low-frequency controlled-source interferometric seismic data, high-frequency controlled-source interferometric seismic data, and rock-breaking source interferometric seismic data, obtain seismic interferometric data with random noise removed, obtain direct wave velocity data of the seismic interferometric data, and create an inversion initial velocity model based on the direct wave velocity data; The multi-scale inversion imaging module is configured to: perform multi-scale joint inversion based on the initial inversion velocity model to obtain the final inversion velocity model; and perform reverse time migration imaging on the final inversion velocity model to obtain the final imaging result.

7. A TBM-controlled source-rock-breaking source seismic wave advance detection system, characterized in that, include: Includes: electromagnetic controllable seismic source, three-component geophone, controllable seismic source leader sensor and rock-breaking seismic source leader sensor; The electromagnetic controllable source is fixed on the support shoe of the TBM, the three-component detector is fixed on both sides of the TBM working platform, the controllable source pilot sensor is fixed on the rock wall near the electromagnetic controllable source, and the rock-breaking source pilot sensor is located on the rear side of the upper cutterhead of the TBM. The electromagnetic controllable vibration source includes: an airbag, a baffle plate, a counterweight shell, a base plate, a guide rail, a moving component, an acceleration sensor, and an excitation component; The guide rail is arranged on the base plate, and the counterweight shell is slidably connected to the guide rail through the moving component. The excitation component and the acceleration sensor are fixed on one side of the counterweight shell, and a baffle plate is fixed on the base plate on the other side of the counterweight shell. An airbag is fixed on the side of the baffle plate facing the counterweight shell. It also includes a main control unit that communicates with the electromagnetic controllable source, the three-component detector, the controllable source leader sensor, and the rock-breaking source leader sensor respectively. The main control unit is configured to perform detection using the TBM controllable source-rock-breaking source seismic wave advance detection method as described in any one of claims 1-5.

8. The TBM-controlled source-rock-breaking source seismic wave advance detection system as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The three-component geophone and the controllable source leader sensor are activated and begin receiving seismic records when the electromagnetic controllable source excitation is detected. When the electromagnetic controllable source excitation ends, the three-component geophone stops working and saves the seismic records to the main control unit.

9. The TBM-controlled source-rock-breaking source seismic wave advance detection system as described in claim 7, characterized in that, During TBM tunneling, the main control unit controls the simultaneous activation of the rock-breaking source pilot sensor and the three-component geophone to receive seismic records; when the detection ends, it controls the simultaneous cessation of the rock-breaking source pilot sensor and the three-component geophone, and saves the seismic records to the main control unit.

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