Modeling method and device of blood vessels, computer device and storage medium

Abstract

The application relates to a blood vessel modeling method and device, computer equipment, a storage medium and a computer program product. The method comprises the following steps: performing amplification processing on a blood vessel cavity contour based on at least one amplification ratio to obtain a first blood vessel wall contour; performing lofting processing on the blood vessel cavity contour to obtain a blood vessel cavity geometric entity, and performing lofting processing on the first blood vessel wall contour to obtain a first blood vessel wall geometric entity; generating a total blood vessel cavity surface mesh according to the blood vessel cavity geometric entity, and generating a first total blood vessel wall surface mesh according to the first blood vessel wall geometric entity; performing filling processing on the total blood vessel cavity surface mesh to obtain a blood vessel cavity body mesh; determining a first total blood vessel wall annular surface mesh based on the total blood vessel cavity surface mesh and the first total blood vessel wall surface mesh, and performing filling processing on the first total blood vessel wall annular surface mesh to obtain a first blood vessel wall body mesh; and the method can improve the accuracy of blood vessel simulation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of computer technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus, computer device, and storage medium for modeling blood vessels. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, in the field of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, computer-aided design technology for vascular modeling is an important means of obtaining predictive cardiovascular and cerebrovascular data. Doctors can use vascular models to obtain predictive data on a patient's cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems, thereby making a preliminary assessment of the patient's physical condition. Simultaneously, doctors can also use the predictions from vascular models to design virtual surgeries and generate personalized optimal surgical plans. Furthermore, researchers can use this method to accurately and non-invasively obtain physiological indicators to explore the patterns of disease formation and evolution.

[0003] Current mainstream strategies for generating vascular meshes (vascular models) are based on existing boundary layer mesh generation algorithms. This strategy generates the vascular wall mesh by changing the layer growth direction to the outside of the luminal wall. This process is often referred to as "extrusion." Due to the arbitrary geometry of the vascular tree, self-intersections can occur during extrusion. Post-extrusion repair methods, such as smoothing, shrinking, and pruning, can lead to non-physiological geometric shapes of the vascular wall. This problem highlights the necessity of accurately capturing the complex geometry of the vascular tree and performing precise modeling. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Given the importance of vascular modeling, it is necessary to provide a vascular modeling method, apparatus, computer equipment, computer-readable storage medium, and computer program product that can accurately model blood vessels, addressing the aforementioned technical issues.

[0005] Firstly, this application provides a method for modeling blood vessels. The method includes:

[0006] The vascular lumen contour is magnified based on at least one magnification ratio to obtain the first vascular wall contour.

[0007] The contour of the blood vessel cavity is lofted to obtain the geometric entity of the blood vessel cavity, and the contour of the first blood vessel wall is lofted to obtain the geometric entity of the first blood vessel wall.

[0008] A total vascular lumen surface mesh is generated based on the vascular lumen geometry, and a first total vascular wall surface mesh is generated based on the first vascular wall geometry.

[0009] The total vascular lumen surface grid is filled to obtain the vascular lumen grid;

[0010] Based on the total vessel lumen surface mesh and the first total vessel wall surface mesh, the first total vessel wall annular surface mesh is determined, and the first total vessel wall annular surface mesh is filled to obtain the first vessel wall body mesh.

[0011] The vascular cavity mesh and the first vascular wall mesh are combined to form the first vascular body mesh.

[0012] In one embodiment, the method further includes:

[0013] Acquire vascular images;

[0014] The vascular image is converted into a three-dimensional vascular image;

[0015] Determine the vascular path in the three-dimensional vascular image;

[0016] In the three-dimensional vascular image, a two-dimensional image is reconstructed based on the vascular path to obtain a vascular cavity image;

[0017] The contour of the blood vessel cavity is obtained by performing two-dimensional image segmentation based on the blood vessel cavity image.

[0018] In one embodiment, generating a total vessel lumen surface mesh based on the vessel lumen geometry and generating a first total vessel wall surface mesh based on the first vessel wall geometry includes:

[0019] The geometric entity of the vascular cavity is discretized and smoothed to obtain a total vascular cavity surface mesh; the total vascular cavity surface mesh includes a quasi-circular surface mesh of the vascular cavity.

[0020] The geometric entity of the first blood vessel wall is discretized and smoothed to obtain the first total blood vessel wall mesh; the first total blood vessel wall mesh includes the first quasi-circular surface mesh of the first blood vessel wall.

[0021] In one embodiment, determining the first total vessel wall annular surface grid based on the total vessel lumen surface grid and the first total vessel wall surface grid includes:

[0022] The quasi-circular surface mesh of the blood vessel lumen is removed from the total blood vessel lumen surface mesh to obtain the blood vessel lumen wall surface mesh.

[0023] The first quasi-circular surface mesh of the first blood vessel wall in the first total blood vessel wall mesh is removed to obtain the first blood vessel wall mesh.

[0024] The first total blood vessel wall annular surface grid is determined based on the blood vessel wall grid and the first blood vessel wall grid.

[0025] In one embodiment, determining the first total vessel wall annular surface grid based on the vessel wall grid and the first vessel wall grid includes:

[0026] The opening contour line corresponding to the grid on the vascular wall is taken as the first inner ring of the vascular wall.

[0027] The opening contour line corresponding to the first blood vessel wall grid is taken as the outer ring of the first blood vessel wall.

[0028] The first annular surface grid of the blood vessel wall is determined based on the first inner ring and the first outer ring of the blood vessel wall.

[0029] The first total vessel wall annular surface grid is determined based on the first vessel wall annular surface grid, the vessel cavity wall surface grid, and the first vessel wall surface grid.

[0030] In one embodiment, the at least one magnification ratio includes a first magnification ratio and a second magnification ratio, wherein the first blood vessel wall contour is obtained by magnifying the first magnification ratio; the method further includes:

[0031] The blood vessel lumen contour is magnified based on the second magnification ratio to obtain the second blood vessel wall contour.

[0032] The second blood vessel wall contour is lofted to obtain the geometric solid of the second blood vessel wall;

[0033] A second total blood vessel wall mesh is generated based on the second blood vessel wall geometry.

[0034] A corresponding second vessel wall mesh is generated based on the second total vessel wall mesh;

[0035] The second vascular body grid is formed by combining the first vascular wall grid, the second vascular wall grid, and the vascular cavity grid.

[0036] Secondly, this application also provides a blood vessel modeling apparatus. The apparatus includes:

[0037] A magnification module is used to magnify the contour of the blood vessel lumen based on at least one magnification ratio to obtain a first blood vessel wall contour.

[0038] The lofting module is used to loft the contour of the blood vessel cavity to obtain the geometric entity of the blood vessel cavity, and to loft the contour of the first blood vessel wall to obtain the geometric entity of the first blood vessel wall.

[0039] The generation module is used to generate a total vascular lumen surface mesh based on the vascular lumen geometry entity, and to generate a first total vascular wall surface mesh based on the first vascular wall geometry entity.

[0040] A filling module is used to fill the total vascular lumen surface grid to obtain a vascular lumen grid;

[0041] The determination and filling module is used to determine the first total blood vessel wall annular surface grid based on the total blood vessel lumen surface grid and the first total blood vessel wall surface grid, and to fill the first total blood vessel wall annular surface grid to obtain the first blood vessel wall body grid.

[0042] A combination module is used to combine the vascular cavity mesh and the first vascular wall mesh into a first vascular body mesh.

[0043] In one embodiment, the device further includes:

[0044] A preprocessing module is used to acquire vascular images; convert the vascular images into three-dimensional vascular images; determine the vascular paths in the three-dimensional vascular images; perform two-dimensional image reconstruction based on the vascular paths in the three-dimensional vascular images to obtain vascular cavity images; and perform two-dimensional image segmentation based on the vascular cavity images to obtain the vascular cavity contours.

[0045] In one embodiment, the generation module is further configured to discretize and smooth the vascular lumen geometry to obtain a total vascular lumen surface mesh; the total vascular lumen surface mesh includes a quasi-circular vascular lumen surface mesh; and to discretize and smooth the first vascular wall geometry to obtain a first total vascular wall surface mesh; the first total vascular wall surface mesh includes a first quasi-circular vascular wall surface mesh.

[0046] In one embodiment, the determination and filling module is further configured to remove the quasi-circular surface mesh of the blood vessel lumen from the total blood vessel lumen surface mesh to obtain a blood vessel lumen wall mesh; remove the first quasi-circular surface mesh of the first blood vessel wall from the first total blood vessel wall mesh to obtain a blood vessel wall mesh; and determine a first total blood vessel wall annular surface mesh based on the blood vessel lumen wall mesh and the blood vessel wall mesh. In one embodiment, the determination and filling module is further configured to use the opening contour line corresponding to the blood vessel lumen wall mesh as the first inner ring of the blood vessel wall; use the opening contour line corresponding to the first blood vessel wall mesh as the first outer ring of the blood vessel wall; determine a first blood vessel wall annular surface mesh based on the first inner ring of the blood vessel wall and the first outer ring of the blood vessel wall; and determine a first total blood vessel wall annular surface mesh based on the first annular surface mesh of the blood vessel wall, the blood vessel lumen wall mesh, and the first blood vessel wall mesh.

[0047] In one embodiment, the at least one magnification ratio includes a first magnification ratio and a second magnification ratio, wherein the first blood vessel wall contour is obtained by magnifying the first magnification ratio; the device further includes:

[0048] The second vessel body mesh generation module is used to enlarge the vessel cavity contour based on the second magnification ratio to obtain the second vessel wall contour; to perform lofting processing on the second vessel wall contour to obtain the second vessel wall geometric entity; to generate a second total vessel wall surface mesh based on the second vessel wall geometric entity; to generate a corresponding second vessel wall body mesh based on the second total vessel wall surface mesh; and to combine the first vessel wall body mesh, the second vessel wall mesh, and the vessel cavity mesh to form the second vessel body mesh.

[0049] Thirdly, this application also provides a computer device. The computer device includes a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program, and the processor executing the computer program to implement the steps of the above-described method.

[0050] Fourthly, this application also provides a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the above-described method.

[0051] Fifthly, this application also provides a computer program product. The computer program product includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the above-described method.

[0052] The aforementioned blood vessel modeling method, apparatus, computer equipment, storage medium, and computer program product obtain a first blood vessel wall contour by magnifying the blood vessel lumen contour based on at least one magnification ratio; lofting the blood vessel lumen contour to obtain a blood vessel lumen geometric entity, and lofting the first blood vessel wall contour to obtain a first blood vessel wall geometric entity; generating a total blood vessel lumen surface mesh based on the blood vessel lumen geometric entity, and generating a first total blood vessel wall surface mesh based on the first blood vessel wall geometric entity; and from this, a multi-layer blood vessel wall mesh generation approach can be derived, filling the total blood vessel lumen surface mesh to obtain a blood vessel lumen mesh; determining a first total blood vessel wall annular surface mesh based on the total blood vessel lumen surface mesh and the first total blood vessel wall surface mesh, and filling the first total blood vessel wall annular surface mesh to obtain a first blood vessel wall mesh; and combining the blood vessel lumen mesh and the first blood vessel wall mesh into a first blood vessel body mesh. By constructing precise volume meshes for the fluid (vascular lumen) and solid (vascular wall) within blood vessels, the accuracy of blood vessel modeling is effectively improved, thereby ensuring the accuracy and feasibility of subsequent fluid-structure interaction analysis of blood vessels. At the same time, it also ensures the feasibility of performing refined and physiologically realistic mechanical analysis of blood vessels. Attached Figure Description

[0053] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating the application environment of a blood vessel modeling method in one embodiment.

[0054] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for modeling blood vessels in one embodiment;

[0055] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps for determining the annular mesh of the first common blood vessel wall in one embodiment;

[0056] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps for generating the second vascular body mesh in one embodiment;

[0057] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of blood vessels in one embodiment;

[0058] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the contours of the blood vessel lumen and the blood vessel wall in one embodiment;

[0059] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the vessel lumen outline and vessel wall outline in another embodiment;

[0060] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the vessel lumen wall and the inner and outer walls of the vessel wall in one embodiment;

[0061] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the mesh of the relevant surfaces of the blood vessel lumen and the blood vessel wall in one embodiment;

[0062] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the vascular cavity mesh and the vascular wall mesh in one embodiment;

[0063] Figure 11 This is a structural block diagram of a blood vessel modeling device in one embodiment;

[0064] Figure 12 A structural block diagram of a blood vessel modeling device in another embodiment;

[0065] Figure 13 This is an internal structural diagram of a computer device in one embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0066] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0067] The blood vessel modeling method provided in this application embodiment can be applied to, for example... Figure 1In the application environment shown, terminal 102 communicates with server 104 via a network. A data storage system can store the data that server 104 needs to process. The data storage system can be integrated onto server 104, or it can be placed on the cloud or other network servers. This application can be executed by terminal 102 or server 104; this embodiment uses terminal 102 as an example for explanation.

[0068] Terminal 102 magnifies the vascular lumen contour based on at least one magnification ratio to obtain a first vascular wall contour; it then performs lofting processing on the vascular lumen contour to obtain a vascular lumen geometric entity, and performs lofting processing on the first vascular wall contour to obtain a first vascular wall geometric entity; it generates a total vascular lumen surface mesh based on the vascular lumen geometric entity, and generates a first total vascular wall surface mesh based on the first vascular wall geometric entity; it fills the total vascular lumen surface mesh to obtain a vascular lumen body mesh; it determines a first total vascular wall annular surface mesh based on the total vascular lumen surface mesh and the first total vascular wall surface mesh, and fills the first total vascular wall annular surface mesh to obtain a first vascular wall body mesh; finally, it combines the vascular lumen body mesh and the first vascular wall body mesh into a first vascular body mesh.

[0069] The terminal 102 can be, but is not limited to, various personal computers, laptops, smartphones, tablets, IoT devices, and portable wearable devices. IoT devices can include smart speakers, smart TVs, smart air conditioners, and smart in-vehicle systems. Portable wearable devices can include smartwatches, smart bracelets, and head-mounted devices. The server 104 can be implemented using a standalone server or a server cluster consisting of multiple servers.

[0070] In one embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, a method for modeling blood vessels is provided, which can be applied to... Figure 1 Taking terminal 102 as an example, the explanation includes the following steps:

[0071] S202, the contour of the blood vessel lumen is magnified based on at least one magnification ratio to obtain the first blood vessel wall contour.

[0072] The magnification ratio refers to the proportion by which the contour of the blood vessel lumen is magnified. For example, the magnification ratio can be 1.1, 1.2, 1.7, 5, and 8.8, etc., and can be set according to actual conditions and needs. At least one magnification ratio can include a first magnification ratio, a second magnification ratio, ..., an Nth magnification ratio, etc., and each magnification ratio can correspond to a blood vessel wall contour. The first magnification ratio corresponds to the first blood vessel wall contour, the second magnification ratio corresponds to the second blood vessel wall contour, ..., the Nth magnification ratio corresponds to the Nth blood vessel wall contour.

[0073] In a single modeling of a blood vessel, the magnification ratio can be set according to the actual situation. For example, assuming the blood vessel lumen contour is magnified twice, with the first magnification ratio being 1.2 and the second magnification ratio being 1.4, the first blood vessel wall contour and the second blood vessel wall contour are obtained respectively, corresponding to two layers of blood vessel walls. The blood vessel lumen contour can refer to the contour of the fluid (blood) inside the blood vessel. The blood vessel wall contour can refer to the contour of the blood vessel wall. The blood vessel wall can be modeled as multiple layers of blood vessel walls. For example, if there are first and second blood vessel wall contours, then there are two layers of blood vessel walls. The blood vessel lumen contour corresponds to the surface of the blood vessel lumen wall or the inner surface of the first layer of blood vessel wall, that is, the surface of the blood vessel lumen wall and the inner surface of the first layer of blood vessel wall can be considered to coincide; the first blood vessel wall contour corresponds to the outer surface of the first layer of blood vessel wall or the inner surface of the second layer of blood vessel wall, that is, the outer surface of the first layer of blood vessel wall and the inner surface of the second layer of blood vessel wall can be considered to coincide; the second blood vessel wall contour corresponds to the outer surface of the second layer of blood vessel wall.

[0074] In one embodiment, the centroid of the vascular lumen contour is determined, the radial direction is determined based on the centroid and the vascular lumen contour, and the vascular lumen contour is magnified along the radial direction based on a first magnification ratio or a second magnification ratio... or an Nth magnification ratio to obtain a first vascular wall contour or a second vascular wall contour... or an Nth vascular wall contour.

[0075] In one embodiment, determining the radial direction based on the centroid and the vascular lumen profile includes: taking the direction from the centroid to a point on the vascular lumen profile as the radial direction.

[0076] In one embodiment, wall thickness information is obtained, and the vessel wall contour is determined based on the wall thickness information and the vessel lumen contour. The wall thickness information refers to the thickness of the vessel wall, which can be used to reflect the vessel wall thickness at different locations. The wall thickness information includes, but is not limited to, the vessel location and the corresponding vessel wall thickness.

[0077] In one embodiment, on the vessel adjustment page, in response to a triggered adjustment operation on the vessel lumen contour, or vessel wall contour, or wall thickness (vessel wall thickness), the vessel lumen contour, or vessel wall contour, or wall thickness (vessel wall thickness) is adjusted. Adjusting the vessel lumen contour or vessel wall contour may include position adjustment, shape adjustment, and contour size adjustment. Adjusting the wall thickness (vessel wall thickness) may include position adjustment, shape adjustment, and wall thickness adjustment.

[0078] In one embodiment, before S202, a vascular image is acquired; the vascular image is converted into a three-dimensional vascular image; the vascular path in the three-dimensional vascular image is determined; in the three-dimensional vascular image, a two-dimensional image is reconstructed based on the vascular path to obtain a vascular cavity image; and a two-dimensional image segmentation is performed based on the vascular cavity image to obtain the vascular cavity contour.

[0079] In this context, vascular imaging can refer to images containing blood vessels, such as angiography. Three-dimensional vascular images can refer to stereoscopic images containing blood vessels. Vascular pathways can refer to the network of blood vessels in a three-dimensional vascular image. Image segmentation is an important research direction in computer vision and a crucial part of image semantic understanding. Image segmentation refers to the process of dividing an image into several regions with similar properties. Two-dimensional image segmentation refers to the technique of segmenting two-dimensional images. Vascular cavity images can refer to images containing vascular cavities.

[0080] In one embodiment, determining the vascular path in a three-dimensional vascular image includes: on a vascular path determination page, in the displayed three-dimensional vascular image, in response to a triggering operation on path points, determining vascular path points, and generating a vascular path based on the vascular path points. Here, vascular path points can refer to points traversed by the vascular path.

[0081] S204, Lofting process is performed on the contour of the blood vessel lumen to obtain the geometric solid of the blood vessel lumen, and lofting process is performed on the contour of the first blood vessel wall to obtain the geometric solid of the first blood vessel wall.

[0082] In this context, a geometric entity primarily represents an object through the closed space formed by the boundary surfaces that constitute the geometric entity. The vessel cavity geometric entity refers to the geometric entity of the vessel cavity, used to represent the vessel cavity. The vessel wall geometric entity refers to the geometric entity of the vessel wall, used to represent the vessel wall. The vessel wall geometric entity can include a first vessel wall geometric entity, a second vessel wall geometric entity, ..., an Nth vessel wall geometric entity, where the first vessel wall geometric entity corresponds to the geometric entity of the first layer of the vessel wall, the second vessel wall geometric entity corresponds to the geometric entity of the second layer of the vessel wall, ..., the Nth vessel wall geometric entity corresponds to the geometric entity of the Nth layer of the vessel wall.

[0083] In one embodiment, lofting the vascular lumen contour to obtain the vascular lumen geometric entity includes: determining vascular lumen contour sampling points on the vascular lumen contour; generating a vascular lumen fitting contour based on the vascular lumen contour sampling points; and performing surface lofting processing on the vascular lumen fitting contour to obtain the vascular lumen geometric entity. Here, vascular lumen contour sampling points refer to points on the vascular lumen contour, and these sampling points are used to generate the vascular lumen fitting contour. The vascular lumen fitting contour can refer to a fitted contour of the vascular lumen contour.

[0084] In one embodiment, lofting processing is performed on the first, second, ..., Nth vessel wall contours to obtain the first, second, ..., Nth vessel wall geometric entity. This includes determining sampling points for the first, second, ..., Nth vessel wall contours on the first, second, ..., Nth vessel wall contours; generating a first, second, ..., Nth fitting contour based on the sampling points; and performing surface lofting processing on the first, second, ..., Nth fitting contours to obtain the first, second, ..., Nth vessel wall geometric entity. Here, a vessel wall contour sampling point refers to a point on the vessel wall, which may include the first, second, ..., Nth vessel wall contour sampling points, etc., used to generate the first, second, ..., Nth fitting contours, etc. The first fitted profile, the second fitted profile, ..., the Nth fitted profile refer to the fitted profile of the blood vessel wall.

[0085] S206, Generate the total vascular lumen surface mesh based on the vascular lumen geometry, and generate the first total vascular wall surface mesh based on the first vascular wall geometry.

[0086] The total vascular lumen surface mesh refers to the surface mesh based on the vascular lumen, which includes the vascular lumen wall surface mesh and the vascular lumen quasi-circular surface mesh. The vascular lumen wall surface mesh can refer to the surface mesh where the vascular lumen coincides with the inner wall of the first-layer vascular wall. The vascular lumen quasi-circular surface mesh can refer to the inlet and outlet surface meshes of the fluid within the total vascular lumen surface mesh.

[0087] The total vessel wall mesh refers to a surface mesh based on the vessel wall, which includes the vessel wall surface mesh and the quasi-circular surface mesh of the vessel wall. The vessel wall mesh includes the inner and outer wall surface meshes. The quasi-circular surface mesh of the vessel wall can refer to the inlet and outlet surface meshes of the fluid within the total vessel wall mesh. The total vessel wall mesh can include a first total vessel wall mesh, a second total vessel wall mesh, ..., the Nth total vessel wall mesh. The vessel wall mesh can include a first vessel wall mesh, a second vessel wall mesh, ..., the Nth vessel wall mesh. The inner wall mesh of the vessel wall can include a first inner wall mesh, a second inner wall mesh, ..., the Nth inner wall mesh of the vessel wall. The outer wall mesh of the vessel wall can include a first outer wall mesh, a second outer wall mesh, ..., the Nth outer wall mesh of the vessel wall. The quasi-circular surface mesh of the vessel wall can include a first quasi-circular surface mesh, a second quasi-circular surface mesh, ..., the Nth quasi-circular surface mesh of the vessel wall.

[0088] For example, if a blood vessel has two layers of vessel walls, then there are corresponding vessel lumen surface grids, first total vessel wall surface grids, and second total vessel wall surface grids. The first total vessel wall surface grid corresponds to the first layer (first layer) of the vessel wall, and the second total vessel wall surface grid corresponds to the second layer of the vessel wall. The first total vessel wall surface grid includes a first vessel wall surface grid and a first quasi-circular vessel surface grid. The first inner wall surface grid of the first vessel wall can be regarded as the inner wall surface grid of the first layer of the vessel wall, and the first outer wall surface grid of the first vessel wall can be regarded as the outer wall surface grid of the first layer of the vessel wall. The second total vessel wall grid includes a second vessel wall surface grid and a second quasi-circular vessel surface grid. The second inner wall surface grid of the second vessel wall can be regarded as the inner wall surface grid of the second layer of the vessel wall, and the second outer wall surface grid of the second vessel wall can be regarded as the outer wall surface grid of the second layer of the vessel wall.

[0089] In one embodiment, the geometric entity of the vascular cavity is discretized and smoothed to obtain a total vascular cavity surface mesh; the geometric entity of the first vascular wall or the geometric entity of the second vascular wall, ... or the geometric entity of the Nth vascular wall is discretized and smoothed to obtain a first total vascular wall surface mesh or a second total vascular wall surface mesh, ... or the Nth total vascular wall surface mesh.

[0090] Discretization should be performed using polygons with different numbers of sides, depending on the most suitable conditions. For example, triangles, quadrilaterals, or even polygons can be used for mesh generation. Algorithms such as Advancing Front Delaunay Triangulation can also be employed. Smoothing can utilize algorithms that smooth non-physiologically sharp features in the surface mesh, such as the Laplacian and Taubin algorithms.

[0091] S208, fill the grid on the surface of the total blood vessel lumen to obtain the blood vessel lumen grid.

[0092] Among them, the vascular cavity mesh can discretize the model of the vascular cavity.

[0093] In one embodiment, a filling algorithm is used to fill the total vascular lumen surface mesh to obtain the vascular lumen mesh. The filling algorithm can be a polyhedral cell-based algorithm, such as the Delaunay algorithm.

[0094] S210, the annular surface mesh of the first total blood vessel wall is determined based on the total blood vessel lumen surface mesh and the first total blood vessel wall surface mesh, and the annular surface mesh of the first total blood vessel wall is filled to obtain the first blood vessel wall body mesh.

[0095] The total vessel wall annular mesh includes a vessel wall mesh and a vessel wall annular mesh. The vessel wall annular mesh can refer to the annular mesh formed between the inner and outer wall meshes of the vessel wall at the vessel inlet / outlet. The total vessel wall annular mesh can include a first total vessel wall annular mesh, a second total vessel wall annular mesh, ..., an Nth total vessel wall annular mesh. For example, the first total vessel wall annular mesh includes a first vessel wall mesh and a first vessel wall annular mesh. The vessel wall volume mesh can refer to the volume mesh obtained after filling the total vessel wall annular mesh.

[0096] The annular surface mesh of the total blood vessel wall may include a first annular surface mesh of the total blood vessel wall, a second annular surface mesh of the total blood vessel wall, ..., an Nth annular surface mesh of the total blood vessel wall. The annular surface mesh of the blood vessel wall may include a first annular surface mesh of the blood vessel wall, a second annular surface mesh of the blood vessel wall, ..., an Nth annular surface mesh of the blood vessel wall. The body mesh of the blood vessel wall may include a first body mesh of the blood vessel wall, a second body mesh of the blood vessel wall, ..., an Nth body mesh of the blood vessel wall.

[0097] For example, if a blood vessel has two layers of vessel walls, then there are corresponding annular meshes of the first and second main blood vessel walls. The annular mesh of the first main blood vessel wall corresponds to the first layer (first layer) of the blood vessel wall, and the annular mesh of the second main blood vessel wall corresponds to the second layer of the blood vessel wall.

[0098] In one embodiment, the vessel wall mesh (the inner wall mesh of the first layer of the vessel wall) is obtained based on the total vessel lumen surface mesh, the vessel wall mesh is obtained based on the total vessel wall mesh, the total vessel wall annular surface mesh is determined based on the vessel lumen wall mesh and the vessel wall mesh, and the total vessel wall annular surface mesh is filled by a filling algorithm to obtain the vessel wall body mesh.

[0099] S212, combine the vascular cavity mesh and the first vascular wall mesh into a first vascular body mesh.

[0100] The vascular body mesh can refer to the vascular body mesh obtained based on the vascular cavity mesh and the vascular wall mesh. The vascular body mesh includes the first vascular body mesh, the second vascular body mesh, ..., the Nth vascular body mesh.

[0101] In one embodiment, in the vascular body mesh display interface, in response to the vascular body mesh generation command, the vascular cavity mesh and the first vascular wall mesh, the second vascular wall mesh, ..., the Nth vascular wall mesh are combined into the first vascular body mesh, the second vascular body mesh, ..., the Nth vascular body mesh.

[0102] In the aforementioned blood vessel modeling method, the blood vessel lumen contour is magnified based on at least one magnification ratio to obtain the first blood vessel wall contour; the blood vessel lumen contour is lofted to obtain the blood vessel lumen geometric entity, and the first blood vessel wall contour is also lofted to obtain the first blood vessel wall geometric entity; a total blood vessel lumen surface mesh is generated based on the blood vessel lumen geometric entity, and a first total blood vessel wall surface mesh is generated based on the first blood vessel wall geometric entity; by magnifying the contour, lofting to generate geometric entities, and discretizing these surface meshes, appropriate smoothing operations are performed on these surface meshes, effectively avoiding the self-intersection problem generated by the "extrusion process" in traditional methods. The total blood vessel lumen surface mesh is filled to obtain the blood vessel body mesh; a first total blood vessel wall annular surface mesh is determined based on the total blood vessel lumen surface mesh and the first total blood vessel wall surface mesh, and the first total blood vessel wall annular surface mesh is filled to obtain the first blood vessel wall body mesh; from this, a multi-layer blood vessel wall body mesh generation approach can be evolved, combining the blood vessel lumen body mesh and the first blood vessel wall body mesh into a first blood vessel body mesh. By constructing precise volume meshes for the fluid (vascular lumen) and solid (vascular wall) within blood vessels, the accuracy of blood vessel modeling is effectively improved, thereby ensuring the accuracy and feasibility of subsequent fluid-structure interaction analysis of blood vessels. At the same time, it also ensures the feasibility of performing refined and physiologically realistic mechanical analysis of blood vessels.

[0103] In one embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, the steps for determining the annular mesh of the first common blood vessel wall include:

[0104] S302, the quasi-circular surface mesh of the blood vessel lumen is removed from the total blood vessel lumen surface mesh to obtain the blood vessel lumen wall mesh.

[0105] Specifically, the quasi-circular surface mesh of the blood vessel lumen is first determined in the total blood vessel lumen surface mesh, and then the quasi-circular surface mesh of the blood vessel lumen in the total blood vessel lumen surface mesh is removed to obtain the blood vessel lumen wall surface mesh.

[0106] In one embodiment, in response to the removal operation of the inlet and outlet surfaces in the total vessel lumen surface mesh, the quasi-circular surface mesh of the vessel lumen in the total vessel lumen surface mesh is removed to obtain the vessel lumen wall surface mesh.

[0107] S304, the first quasi-circular surface mesh of the first blood vessel wall in the first total blood vessel wall mesh is removed to obtain the first blood vessel wall mesh.

[0108] In one embodiment, the first quasi-circular surface mesh of the first blood vessel wall, the second quasi-circular surface mesh of the second blood vessel wall, ..., the Nth blood vessel wall mesh are first determined, and then the first quasi-circular surface mesh of the first blood vessel wall, the second quasi-circular surface mesh of the second blood vessel wall, ..., the Nth blood vessel wall mesh of the Nth blood vessel wall are removed to obtain the first blood vessel wall mesh, the second blood vessel wall mesh, ..., the Nth blood vessel wall mesh.

[0109] In one embodiment, in response to the removal operation of the inlet and outlet surfaces of the first total blood vessel wall mesh or the second total blood vessel wall mesh, ..., the Nth total blood vessel wall mesh is removed to obtain the first blood vessel wall mesh or the second total blood vessel wall mesh, ..., the Nth total blood vessel wall mesh.

[0110] S306, the first total blood vessel wall annular surface grid is determined based on the blood vessel lumen wall grid and the first blood vessel wall grid.

[0111] In one embodiment, the opening contour line corresponding to the vessel lumen wall mesh is taken as the first vessel wall inner ring; the opening contour line corresponding to the vessel wall outer ring in the first vessel wall mesh or the second vessel wall mesh, ..., the Nth vessel wall mesh is taken as the first vessel wall outer ring or the second vessel wall outer ring, ..., the Nth vessel wall outer ring; the first vessel wall annular surface mesh or the second vessel wall annular surface mesh, ..., the Nth vessel wall annular surface mesh is determined based on the first vessel wall inner ring and the first vessel wall outer ring or the second vessel wall outer ring, ..., the Nth vessel wall annular surface mesh; the first total vessel wall annular surface mesh and the second total vessel wall annular surface mesh, ..., the Nth total vessel wall annular surface mesh are determined based on the first vessel wall annular surface mesh or the second vessel wall annular surface mesh, ..., the Nth vessel wall annular surface mesh, the vessel lumen wall mesh and the first vessel wall mesh or the second vessel wall mesh, ..., the Nth vessel wall mesh.

[0112] The opening outline can refer to the outline at the inlet or outlet. The inner ring of the vessel wall can refer to the ring corresponding to the inner wall of the vessel wall, and can include a first inner ring, a second inner ring, ..., an Nth inner ring. Each inner ring corresponds to the inner wall of a layer of the vessel wall. The outer ring of the vessel wall can refer to the ring corresponding to the outer wall of the vessel wall, and can include a first outer ring, a second outer ring, ..., an Nth outer ring. Each outer ring corresponds to the outer wall of a layer of the vessel wall.

[0113] In this embodiment, by removing the quasi-circular surface mesh of the blood vessel lumen from the total blood vessel lumen surface mesh, a blood vessel lumen wall mesh is obtained. By removing the quasi-circular surface mesh of the first blood vessel wall from the first total blood vessel wall mesh, a first blood vessel wall mesh is obtained. Based on the blood vessel lumen wall mesh and the first blood vessel wall mesh, a first total blood vessel wall annular surface mesh is determined, thereby obtaining an accurate blood vessel wall annular surface mesh. This ensures the accuracy of the generated blood vessel body mesh, enabling accurate simulation of blood vessels.

[0114] In one embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, at least one magnification ratio includes a first magnification ratio and a second magnification ratio, and the first blood vessel wall contour is obtained by magnification processing through the first magnification ratio;

[0115] The second vascular body mesh generation step includes:

[0116] S402, the blood vessel lumen contour is magnified based on the second magnification ratio to obtain the second blood vessel wall contour.

[0117] The second magnification ratio is a different magnification ratio than the first magnification ratio. The second vessel wall contour is a different vessel wall contour than the first vessel wall contour.

[0118] Specifically, the centroid of the blood vessel lumen contour is determined, the radial direction is determined based on the centroid and the blood vessel lumen contour, and the blood vessel lumen contour is magnified along the radial direction based on the second magnification ratio to obtain the second blood vessel wall contour.

[0119] S404, Lofting the contour of the second blood vessel wall to obtain the geometric solid of the second blood vessel wall.

[0120] Specifically, sampling points of the second blood vessel wall are determined on the second blood vessel wall contour, a second fitted contour is generated based on the sampling points of the second blood vessel wall contour, and surface lofting processing is performed on the second fitted contour to obtain the geometric entity of the second blood vessel wall.

[0121] S406, Generate the second total blood vessel wall mesh based on the second blood vessel wall geometry.

[0122] Specifically, the geometric entity of the second blood vessel wall is discretized and smoothed to obtain the mesh of the second total blood vessel wall.

[0123] S408, Generate the corresponding second vessel wall mesh based on the second total vessel wall mesh.

[0124] In one embodiment, the annular surface mesh of the second total blood vessel wall is determined based on the total blood vessel lumen surface mesh and the second total blood vessel wall surface mesh, and the annular surface mesh of the second total blood vessel wall is filled to obtain the second blood vessel wall body mesh.

[0125] S410, based on the combination of the first blood vessel wall mesh, the second blood vessel wall mesh, and the blood vessel cavity mesh, a second blood vessel mesh is formed.

[0126] The second vascular body mesh can refer to the vascular body mesh obtained based on the first vascular wall mesh, the second vascular wall mesh, and the vascular cavity mesh.

[0127] In one embodiment, in the vascular body mesh display interface, in response to the vascular body mesh generation command, the first vascular wall mesh, the second vascular wall mesh, and the vascular cavity mesh are combined into a second vascular body mesh.

[0128] In the above embodiment, the vascular cavity contour is magnified based on a second magnification ratio to obtain a second vascular wall contour; the second vascular wall contour is lofted to obtain a second vascular wall geometric entity; a second total vascular wall mesh is generated based on the second vascular wall geometric entity; a corresponding second vascular wall volume mesh is generated based on the second total vascular wall mesh; and a second vascular volume mesh is formed by combining the first vascular wall volume mesh, the second vascular wall volume mesh, and the vascular cavity mesh. By accurately constructing volume meshes for the fluid (vascular cavity) and solid (vascular wall) within the blood vessel, the accuracy of vascular modeling is effectively improved. Simultaneously, the consistency between the vascular cavity wall mesh and the inner wall mesh of the first vascular wall is ensured. The approach of modeling multiple layers of vascular walls separately ensures the consistency between the outer wall mesh of the k-th vascular wall and the inner wall mesh of the (k+1)-th vascular wall. This also ensures the accuracy and feasibility of subsequent fluid-structure interaction analysis of the blood vessel, while also guaranteeing the feasibility of performing refined and physiologically realistic mechanical analysis of the blood vessel.

[0129] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of blood vessels in one embodiment; as an example of blood vessel modeling, this embodiment is as follows:

[0130] Step 1: Acquisition and preprocessing of vascular images.

[0131] The vascular images here are not limited to angiography of a region of interest, but can also include whole-body angiography; nor are they limited to non-invasive angiography in the initial screening stage where vessel wall imaging is not possible, but can also include invasive angiography such as IVUS and OCT that can obtain cross-sectional information of the vessel. After acquiring these necessary vascular images, image processing software is used to preprocess the vascular images, such as noise removal, image smoothing, and histogram equalization. Then, volumetric rendering technology is used to convert the images into three-dimensional vascular images, and the volumetric rendering parameters are adjusted as needed to obtain the best visualization effect of the vessel of interest.

[0132] Step 2: Vascular pathway planning.

[0133] This step aims to directly observe the 3D blood vessel image of interest by adjusting the volumetric rendering parameters of the image display and to create a blood vessel path along the vessel centerline. Specifically, the process involves: First, manually selecting points as close as possible to the vessel centerline as "blood vessel path points" using the marking function in an image processing tool. Then, interpolating splines from these path points yields the path of a single blood vessel. To improve the efficiency and accuracy of point selection, intelligent algorithms can be used to automatically select blood vessel path points in subsequent improvements. Finally, the image can be re-sliced ​​along the current path to check the fit between the blood vessel path and the vessel centerline. If the fit is poor, the positions of the path points need to be adjusted for improvement. It is important to note that the quality of point selection significantly impacts the blood vessel path obtained from the interpolated spline calculation, and the path obtained from the interpolated spline calculation is crucial for subsequent 2D segmentation along the path.

[0134] Step 3: Segment the two-dimensional image along the path.

[0135] To create anatomical models based on medical imaging data, image segmentation is required to extract the geometry of the region of interest. This section focuses on the specific steps of two-dimensional image segmentation.

[0136] First, several sampling points are selected along the pre-planned blood vessel path. At each sampling point, the tangent vector along the blood vessel path is calculated, and these tangent vectors are used as the normal direction to generate the normal plane of the image data at the sampling point.

[0137] Secondly, image data containing the vessel cross-section can be obtained by processing the normal plane. To accurately extract the vessel geometry, the size of the normal plane needs to be adjusted to avoid interference from surrounding image data in segmenting the lumen of the vessel of interest. The adjusted normal plane will be used to segment the vessel lumen within the vessel cross-section.

[0138] Finally, a suitable 2D image automatic segmentation technique needs to be selected to segment the vascular lumen in the cross-section to obtain the vascular lumen image. Through long-term practical verification, two main methods have achieved relatively stable segmentation: level set technology and thresholding technology. Level set technology initializes the segmentation with seed points; the vascular lumen segmentation grows in the direction of intensity value change and stops at the point where the intensity value change is sharpest. This delineates the complete segmentation of the vascular lumen. Thresholding technology uses a bilinear interpolation function to create contour lines with a specified threshold on the image based on the image intensity value at each pixel. These contour lines represent the potential segmentation of the vascular lumen. Based on prior knowledge, the vascular radius corresponding to the current vascular path is preset. The smallest closed contour line that completely contains the circle corresponding to this vascular radius is the vascular lumen segmentation. Using these methods, the geometry of the vascular cross-section can be extracted, thus providing crucial information for constructing anatomical models based on medical image data.

[0139] Step 4: Generate the vessel lumen contour and vessel wall contour.

[0140] Due to noise interference, the segmentation results may exhibit irregular shapes. To obtain a smoother contour, an appropriate sampling method can be selected for point selection, and interpolation splines can be calculated based on the selected points. Next, the vessel lumen contour and vessel wall contour need to be generated. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the contours of the blood vessel lumen and the blood vessel wall in one embodiment; wherein, Figure 6 The first layer of vessel wall contour refers to the first vessel wall contour, and the second layer of vessel wall contour refers to the second vessel wall contour.

[0141] a. By smoothing the vascular cavity image obtained from two-dimensional segmentation, the vascular cavity contour can be obtained.

[0142] Based on this, the thickness of the vessel wall at different locations can be set according to existing physiological knowledge. For example, it can be assumed that the vessel wall thickness is uniformly distributed along the entire vessel, meaning that the wall thickness in all radial directions emanating from the centroid of the vessel lumen is isotropic to the lumen radius. Furthermore, the vessel wall contour and thickness can be finely adjusted locally on each vessel cross-sectional image to adapt to local pathological conditions. With the above assumptions about wall thickness distribution based on physiological common sense, the vessel wall contour can be automatically magnified and generated based on the existing lumen contour. The scaling center is set as the centroid of the vessel lumen, i.e., the arithmetic mean of the coordinates of the sampling points on the contour.

[0143] b. The contour of the blood vessel wall can be obtained by enlarging the contour of the blood vessel lumen along the radial direction (i.e., from the centroid to a point on the contour) by a certain proportion. For example, according to common physiological knowledge, the thickness of the aortic wall is 0.2 times the radius of the lumen. Therefore, 1.2 can be used as the enlargement ratio for the aortic wall. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the vessel lumen outline and vessel wall outline in another embodiment; as shown. Figure 7 As shown, this scheme can magnify the contour of the blood vessel lumen according to different magnification ratios to obtain different blood vessel wall contours. The blood vessel lumen can be located in layer 0, and the number of blood vessel wall layers can be i (1...). The inner wall of the i-th layer of the blood vessel wall corresponds to the inner ring of the i-th layer of the blood vessel wall, and the outer wall of the i-th layer of the blood vessel wall corresponds to the outer ring of the i-th layer of the blood vessel wall and the inner ring of the (i+1)-th layer of the blood vessel wall. For example, the inner wall of the 1-th layer of the blood vessel wall corresponds to the inner ring of the 1-th layer of the blood vessel wall, and the outer wall of the 1-th layer of the blood vessel wall corresponds to the outer ring of the 1-th layer of the blood vessel wall and the inner ring of the 2-th layer of the blood vessel wall. The outer wall of the 1-th layer of the blood vessel wall corresponds to the first blood vessel wall contour, which is obtained by magnifying the blood vessel lumen contour by at least one magnification ratio.

[0144] When medical imaging technology can clearly visualize blood vessel walls (such as in black blood imaging), the vessel walls can be directly segmented, thus eliminating the need to generate hypothetical vessel wall contours. Compared to traditional compression methods, the method of obtaining vessel wall contours through scaling is more robust, produces more uniform and accurate results, and is less prone to generating non-physiological features. In practical applications, this significantly improves the accuracy and reliability of subsequent modeling and calculations.

[0145] Step 5: Loft the contour to generate a geometric solid.

[0146] This section will introduce B-spline curve interpolation and surface lofting techniques, as well as the process of constructing the geometric solid of the vascular lumen and vascular wall using computer-aided design (CAD) models.

[0147] To generate the geometric entities corresponding to multiple contours of a blood vessel, four steps are required. First, the contours need to be resampled while maintaining an equal number of sampling points for each contour. Second, B-spline curve interpolation is performed on sampling points belonging to the same contour. Then, B-spline curves for different contours are made fully compatible through spline degree elevation and knot insertion. Finally, a smooth B-spline surface (i.e., the two-dimensional geometric entity describing the blood vessel) is created by lofting along these fully compatible B-spline curves. Using CAD tools, Boolean operations can be performed to merge the geometric entities corresponding to multiple blood vessels, thereby generating a complete geometric model of the entire vascular system.

[0148] a. Loft the vessel cavity contour generated in 4.a to generate the vessel cavity geometric entity.

[0149] b. Based on the vessel wall contour obtained by scaling in 4.b, generate the vessel wall geometric solid by lofting. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the vessel lumen wall and the inner and outer walls of the vessel wall in one embodiment; as shown. Figure 8 As shown, the vessel lumen outline and vessel wall outline can generate corresponding vessel geometric entities for the outer wall surface of the vessel lumen and the inner and outer wall surfaces of the vessel wall. The vessel geometric entities include the vessel lumen geometric entities and the vessel wall geometric entities.

[0150] Step 6: Generate a surface mesh from the geometric solid model.

[0151] In the construction of personalized models, geometric entities are crucial because they contain the geometric and topological information of objects and can accurately distinguish object boundaries. However, the use of Boolean operations can generate sharp surface features near the branching regions of geometric entities that do not conform to physiological realities. Therefore, discretization and smoothing operations are required for geometric entities to obtain a surface mesh suitable for computation. The discretization method can generate discrete surface elements that are triangles, quadrilaterals, or even polygons with more sides; the specific number of sides of the polygon should be determined based on the geometric characteristics of the geometric entity to be divided and the development of the discretization method. In the smoothing operation, the mesh of the outer wall of the blood vessel lumen and the meshes of each layer of the blood vessel wall can be smoothed together to ensure consistency. The specific smoothing method used depends on the geometric characteristics and mesh size of the surface mesh.

[0152] a. The vascular lumen geometry generated in 5.a is discretized and smoothed to generate the total vascular lumen surface mesh.

[0153] b. The vessel wall geometry generated in 5.b is discretized and smoothed to generate the total vessel wall mesh. Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the mesh of the relevant surfaces of the blood vessel lumen and blood vessel wall in one embodiment; as shown. Figure 9 As shown, the total vascular lumen surface grid includes the vascular lumen outer wall surface grid and the vascular lumen quasi-circular surface grid, while the total vascular wall surface grid includes the vascular wall grid and the vascular wall quasi-circular surface grid.

[0154] Step 7: Generate volumetric meshes (vascular lumen mesh and vascular wall mesh) from closed surface meshes (total vessel lumen mesh and total vessel wall mesh).

[0155] To perform fluid-structure interaction (FSI) modeling and computational simulation, separate meshes for the fluid and solid domains need to be constructed. The interfaces between each region should ideally be compatible to ensure correct coupling during the FSI analysis. For incompatible meshes, additional numerical techniques are required in the FSI analysis program to guarantee compatibility. This section primarily explains the steps for generating the vessel cavity mesh (fluid) and the vessel wall mesh (solid), and points out the feasibility and advantages of the adopted method.

[0156] a. Vascular cavity mesh:

[0157] i. Use the Delaunay algorithm to generate tetrahedral elements to fill the total vascular lumen surface mesh in 6.a, thus obtaining the vascular lumen mesh. In particular, the Delaunay algorithm can be used to generate a boundary layer mesh of a certain thickness inward to more accurately describe the blood flow phenomena near the wall.

[0158] The generation of annular cylindrical volumetric meshes relies on well-defined annular cylindrical closed-face meshes. An annular cylindrical closed-face mesh generally consists of four sets of faces: an inlet annular face, an outlet annular face, an inner wall face, and an outer wall face. The inner ring of the inlet annular face is the unmagnified outline of the inlet vessel lumen, while the outer ring is the magnified outline of the inlet vessel wall; the inner and outer rings of the outlet annular face are defined similarly. The inner wall face of the annular cylinder is the vessel lumen wall face in 6.a, and the outer wall face is the vessel wall face in 6.b.

[0159] b. Vessel wall mesh:

[0160] i. Remove the sealing mesh (i.e., the quasi-circular mesh of the vessel lumen) at the entrance and exit of the total vessel lumen mesh in 6.a to obtain the vessel lumen wall mesh (i.e., the inner wall mesh of the first layer of vessel wall). Define the opening contour line at the entrance and exit as the inner ring of the vessel wall.

[0161] ii. Remove the sealing mesh (i.e., the quasi-circular mesh of the vessel wall) at the entrance and exit of the total vessel wall mesh in 6.b to obtain the vessel wall mesh. Define the opening contour line at the entrance and exit as the outer ring of the vessel wall.

[0162] iii. At the vessel inlet and outlet, define the inlet and outlet annular mesh (i.e., the vessel wall annular mesh) by combining the inner ring of the vessel wall defined in 7.bi and the outer ring of the vessel wall defined in 7.b.ii.

[0163] iv. Combine the inlet / outlet annular mesh defined in 7.b.iii, the vessel lumen wall mesh defined in 7.bi, and the vessel wall mesh defined in 7.b.ii to define the total vessel wall annular mesh.

[0164] v. Use the Delaunay algorithm to generate tetrahedral elements to fill the annular mesh of the entire vessel wall, resulting in the vessel wall volume mesh. To ensure the compatibility of the inner and outer wall meshes, the algorithm is forced to not modify the existing closed-surface meshes during volume mesh generation. If additional numerical techniques for incompatible meshes are subsequently used, the existing wall meshes can be modified here. Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the vascular cavity mesh and the vascular wall mesh in one embodiment; as shown. Figure 10 As shown, different layers of the blood vessel wall can generate different blood vessel wall meshes, and the blood vessel cavity mesh and the blood vessel wall mesh can be combined to form a blood vessel mesh.

[0165] The advantage of this method compared to the compression method lies in its ability to accurately construct volume meshes for both the fluid and solid components within the blood vessel. Specifically, in step 7.bi, the mesh for the vessel lumen wall (i.e., the inner wall of the vessel) generated in 6.a is used; simultaneously, when generating the volume mesh in 7.bv, the algorithm is required to maintain the already generated surface meshes. These two points ensure the compatibility of the interface meshes between the vessel wall and the vessel lumen, thereby ensuring the feasibility of subsequent coupling analysis.

[0166] It should be understood that although the steps in the flowcharts of the above embodiments are shown sequentially according to the arrows, these steps are not necessarily executed in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless explicitly stated herein, there is no strict order restriction on the execution of these steps, and they can be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least some steps in the flowcharts of the above embodiments may include multiple steps or multiple stages. These steps or stages are not necessarily completed at the same time, but can be executed at different times. The execution order of these steps or stages is not necessarily sequential, but can be performed alternately or in turn with other steps or at least some of the steps or stages of other steps.

[0167] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides a blood vessel modeling apparatus for implementing the blood vessel modeling method described above. The solution provided by this apparatus is similar to the implementation described in the above method; therefore, the specific limitations of one or more blood vessel modeling apparatus embodiments provided below can be found in the limitations of the blood vessel modeling method described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0168] In one embodiment, such as Figure 11 As shown, a blood vessel modeling device is provided, including: a magnification module 1102, a lofting module 1104, a generation module 1106, a filling module 1108, a determination and filling module 1110, and a combination module 1112, wherein:

[0169] The magnification module 1102 is used to magnify the contour of the blood vessel lumen based on at least one magnification ratio to obtain the first blood vessel wall contour.

[0170] Lofting module 1104 is used to loft the contour of the blood vessel lumen to obtain the geometric entity of the blood vessel lumen, and to loft the contour of the first blood vessel wall to obtain the geometric entity of the first blood vessel wall.

[0171] The generation module 1106 is used to generate a total vascular lumen surface mesh based on the vascular lumen geometry entity and to generate a first total vascular wall surface mesh based on the first vascular wall geometry entity.

[0172] The filling module 1108 is used to fill the grid of the total vascular lumen surface to obtain the vascular lumen grid;

[0173] The determination and filling module 1110 is used to determine the annular surface mesh of the first total blood vessel wall based on the total blood vessel lumen surface mesh and the first total blood vessel wall surface mesh, and to fill the annular surface mesh of the first total blood vessel wall to obtain the first blood vessel wall body mesh.

[0174] The combination module 1112 is used to combine the vascular cavity mesh and the first vascular wall mesh into a first vascular body mesh.

[0175] In one embodiment, the generation module 1106 is further configured to discretize and smooth the geometric entity of the vascular cavity to obtain a total vascular cavity surface mesh; the total vascular cavity surface mesh includes a quasi-circular surface mesh of the vascular cavity; and to discretize and smooth the geometric entity of the first vascular wall to obtain a first total vascular wall surface mesh; the first total vascular wall surface mesh includes a first quasi-circular surface mesh of the first vascular wall.

[0176] In one embodiment, the determination and filling module 1110 is further configured to remove the quasi-circular surface mesh of the vascular lumen in the total vascular lumen surface mesh to obtain the vascular lumen wall surface mesh; remove the first quasi-circular surface mesh of the first vascular wall in the first total vascular wall surface mesh to obtain the first vascular wall mesh; and determine the first total vascular wall annular surface mesh based on the vascular lumen wall mesh and the first vascular wall mesh.

[0177] In one embodiment, the determining and filling module 1110 is further configured to take the opening contour line corresponding to the vessel lumen wall mesh as the first vessel wall inner ring; take the opening contour line corresponding to the first vessel wall mesh as the first vessel wall outer ring; determine the first vessel wall annular surface mesh based on the first vessel wall inner ring and the first vessel wall outer ring; and determine the first total vessel wall annular surface mesh based on the first vessel wall annular surface mesh, the vessel lumen wall mesh, and the first vessel wall mesh.

[0178] In one embodiment, such as Figure 12As shown, the blood vessel modeling device further includes: a preprocessing module 1114 and a second blood vessel mesh generation module 1116, wherein,

[0179] The preprocessing module 1114 is used to acquire vascular images; convert vascular images into three-dimensional vascular images; determine the vascular path in the three-dimensional vascular image; reconstruct a two-dimensional image based on the vascular path in the three-dimensional vascular image to obtain a vascular cavity image; and obtain the vascular cavity contour based on the vascular cavity image.

[0180] The second vessel body mesh generation module 1116 is used to enlarge the vessel cavity contour based on a second magnification ratio to obtain a second vessel wall contour; to perform lofting processing on the second vessel wall contour to obtain a second vessel wall geometric entity; to generate a second total vessel wall mesh based on the second vessel wall geometric entity; to generate a corresponding second vessel wall body mesh based on the second total vessel wall mesh; and to combine the first vessel wall body mesh, the second vessel wall body mesh, and the vessel cavity mesh to form a second vessel body mesh.

[0181] The above embodiments involve enlarging the vascular lumen contour based on at least one magnification ratio to obtain a first vascular wall contour; lofting the vascular lumen contour to obtain a vascular lumen geometric entity, and lofting the first vascular wall contour to obtain a first vascular wall geometric entity; generating a total vascular lumen surface mesh based on the vascular lumen geometric entity, and generating a first total vascular wall surface mesh based on the first vascular wall geometric entity; by enlarging the contour, lofting to generate geometric entities, and then performing appropriate smoothing operations on these surface meshes after discretization, the self-intersection problem generated in the "extrusion process" of traditional methods is effectively avoided; and filling the total vascular lumen surface mesh yields the vascular lumen. Volume mesh; Based on the total vessel lumen surface mesh and the first total vessel wall surface mesh, the annular surface mesh of the first total vessel wall is determined, and the annular surface mesh of the first total vessel wall is filled to obtain the first vessel wall volume mesh; The vessel lumen volume mesh and the first vessel wall volume mesh are combined to form the first vessel volume mesh; From this, the generation idea of ​​multi-layer vessel wall volume mesh can be derived. By accurately constructing volume meshes for the fluid (vessel lumen) and solid (vessel wall) within the vessel, the accuracy of vessel modeling is effectively improved, thus ensuring the accuracy and feasibility of subsequent fluid-structure interaction analysis of the vessel, while also ensuring the feasibility of performing refined and physiologically realistic mechanical analysis of the vessel.

[0182] Each module in the aforementioned blood vessel modeling device can be implemented entirely or partially through software, hardware, or a combination thereof. These modules can be embedded in or independent of the processor in a computer device, or stored in the memory of a computer device as software, so that the processor can call and execute the corresponding operations of each module.

[0183] In one embodiment, a computer device is provided, which may be a terminal or a server. Taking the computer device as a terminal as an example, its internal structure diagram can be as follows. Figure 13 As shown, the computer device includes a processor, memory, input / output interface, communication interface, display unit, and input device. The processor, memory, and input / output interface are connected via a system bus, and the communication interface, display unit, and input device are also connected to the system bus via the input / output interface. The processor provides computational and control capabilities. The memory includes non-volatile storage media and internal memory. The non-volatile storage media stores the operating system and computer programs. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and computer programs stored in the non-volatile storage media. The input / output interface is used for exchanging information between the processor and external devices. The communication interface is used for wired or wireless communication with external terminals; wireless communication can be achieved through Wi-Fi, mobile cellular networks, NFC (Near Field Communication), or other technologies. When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements a method for modeling blood vessels. The display unit of the computer device is used to form a visually visible image. It can be a display screen, a projection device, or a virtual reality imaging device. The display screen can be an LCD screen or an e-ink screen. The input device of the computer device can be a touch layer covering the display screen, or buttons, trackballs, or touchpads set on the casing of the computer device, or external keyboards, touchpads, or mice, etc.

[0184] Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 13 The structure shown is merely a block diagram of a portion of the structure related to the present application and does not constitute a limitation on the computer device to which the present application is applied. Specific computer devices may include more or fewer components than those shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0185] In one embodiment, a computer device is provided, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor executes the computer program to implement the embodiments described above.

[0186] In one embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is provided having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the embodiments described above.

[0187] In one embodiment, a computer program product is provided, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the embodiments described above.

[0188] It should be noted that the user information (including but not limited to user device information, user personal information, etc.) and data (including but not limited to data used for analysis, data stored, data displayed, etc.) involved in this application are all information and data authorized by the user or fully authorized by all parties, and the collection, use and processing of related data must comply with the relevant laws, regulations and standards of the relevant countries and regions.

[0189] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. When executed, the computer program can include the processes of the embodiments of the above methods. Any references to memory, databases, or other media used in the embodiments provided in this application can include at least one of non-volatile and volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash memory, optical memory, high-density embedded non-volatile memory, resistive random access memory (ReRAM), magnetic random access memory (MRAM), ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM), phase change memory (PCM), graphene memory, etc. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory, etc. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM can take many forms, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) or Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM). The databases involved in the embodiments provided in this application may include at least one type of relational database and non-relational database. Non-relational databases may include, but are not limited to, blockchain-based distributed databases. The processors involved in the embodiments provided in this application may be general-purpose processors, central processing units, graphics processing units, digital signal processors, programmable logic devices, quantum computing-based data processing logic devices, etc., and are not limited to these.

[0190] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0191] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed. However, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of this application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for modeling blood vessels, characterized in that, The method includes: The vascular cavity image obtained from two-dimensional segmentation is smoothed to obtain the vascular cavity contour; The blood vessel lumen contour is magnified based on at least one magnification ratio to obtain a first blood vessel wall contour; the first blood vessel wall contour is obtained by magnification based on a first magnification ratio. The contour of the blood vessel cavity is lofted to obtain the geometric entity of the blood vessel cavity, and the contour of the first blood vessel wall is lofted to obtain the geometric entity of the first blood vessel wall. A total vascular lumen surface mesh is generated based on the vascular lumen geometry, and a first total vascular wall surface mesh is generated based on the first vascular wall geometry; the total vascular lumen surface mesh refers to a surface mesh based on the vascular lumen; the total vascular lumen surface mesh includes a vascular lumen wall surface mesh and a vascular lumen quasi-circular surface mesh; the first total vascular wall surface mesh includes a first vascular wall mesh and a first vascular quasi-circular surface mesh; The total vascular lumen surface grid is filled to obtain the vascular lumen grid; Based on the total vessel lumen surface mesh and the first total vessel wall surface mesh, the first total vessel wall annular surface mesh is determined, and the first total vessel wall annular surface mesh is filled to obtain the first vessel wall body mesh. The vascular cavity grid and the first vascular wall grid are combined to form a first vascular body grid; The vessel cavity contour is magnified based on a second magnification ratio to obtain a second vessel wall contour; the second vessel wall contour is lofted to obtain a second vessel wall geometric entity; a second total vessel wall mesh is generated based on the second vessel wall geometric entity; a corresponding second vessel wall body mesh is generated based on the second total vessel wall mesh; and a second vessel body mesh is formed by combining the first vessel wall body mesh, the second vessel wall body mesh, and the vessel cavity mesh. Wherein, the first total blood vessel wall annular surface grid belongs to the total blood vessel wall annular surface grid, and the total blood vessel wall annular surface grid includes the blood vessel wall surface grid and the blood vessel wall annular surface grid; the blood vessel wall annular surface grid is an annular surface grid formed between the blood vessel wall inner wall surface grid and the blood vessel wall outer wall surface grid at the blood vessel inlet and outlet.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: Acquire vascular images; The vascular image is converted into a three-dimensional vascular image; Determine the vascular path in the three-dimensional vascular image; In the three-dimensional vascular image, a two-dimensional image is reconstructed based on the vascular path to obtain a vascular cavity image; The contour of the blood vessel cavity is obtained by performing two-dimensional image segmentation based on the blood vessel cavity image.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of generating a total vascular lumen surface mesh based on the vascular lumen geometry and generating a first total vascular wall surface mesh based on the first vascular wall geometry includes: The geometric entity of the vascular cavity is discretized and smoothed to obtain a total vascular cavity surface mesh; the total vascular cavity surface mesh includes a quasi-circular surface mesh of the vascular cavity. The geometric entity of the first blood vessel wall is discretized and smoothed to obtain the first total blood vessel wall mesh; the first total blood vessel wall mesh includes the first quasi-circular surface mesh of the first blood vessel wall.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The step of determining the first total blood vessel wall annular surface grid based on the total blood vessel lumen surface grid and the first total blood vessel wall surface grid includes: The quasi-circular surface mesh of the blood vessel lumen is removed from the total blood vessel lumen surface mesh to obtain the blood vessel lumen wall surface mesh. The first quasi-circular surface mesh of the first blood vessel wall in the first total blood vessel wall mesh is removed to obtain the first blood vessel wall mesh. The first total blood vessel wall annular surface grid is determined based on the blood vessel wall grid and the first blood vessel wall grid.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The step of determining the first total vessel wall annular surface grid based on the vessel wall grid and the first vessel wall grid includes: The opening contour line corresponding to the grid on the vascular wall is taken as the first inner ring of the vascular wall. The opening contour line corresponding to the first blood vessel wall grid is taken as the outer ring of the first blood vessel wall. The first annular surface grid of the blood vessel wall is determined based on the first inner ring and the first outer ring of the blood vessel wall. The first total vessel wall annular surface grid is determined based on the first vessel wall annular surface grid, the vessel cavity wall surface grid, and the first vessel wall surface grid.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of magnifying the contour of the blood vessel lumen based on at least one magnification ratio includes: Determine the centroid of the blood vessel lumen contour, and determine the radial direction based on the centroid and the blood vessel lumen contour; The contour of the blood vessel lumen is magnified along the radial direction based on various magnification ratios.

7. A blood vessel modeling device, characterized in that, The device includes: The magnification module is used to smooth the vascular cavity image obtained by two-dimensional segmentation to obtain the vascular cavity contour; and to magnify the vascular cavity contour based on at least one magnification ratio to obtain a first vascular wall contour; the first vascular wall contour is obtained by magnification processing through a first magnification ratio. The lofting module is used to loft the contour of the blood vessel cavity to obtain the geometric entity of the blood vessel cavity, and to loft the contour of the first blood vessel wall to obtain the geometric entity of the first blood vessel wall. The generation module is used to generate a total vascular lumen surface mesh based on the vascular lumen geometry entity, and to generate a first total vascular wall surface mesh based on the first vascular wall geometry entity; the total vascular lumen surface mesh refers to a surface mesh based on the vascular lumen; the total vascular lumen surface mesh includes a vascular lumen wall surface mesh and a vascular lumen quasi-circular surface mesh; the first total vascular wall mesh includes a first vascular wall mesh and a first vascular quasi-circular surface mesh; A filling module is used to fill the total vascular lumen surface grid to obtain a vascular lumen grid; The determination and filling module is used to determine the first total blood vessel wall annular surface grid based on the total blood vessel lumen surface grid and the first total blood vessel wall surface grid, and to fill the first total blood vessel wall annular surface grid to obtain the first blood vessel wall body grid. A combination module is used to combine the vascular cavity grid and the first vascular wall grid into a first vascular body grid; The second vessel body mesh generation module is used to enlarge the vessel cavity contour based on a second magnification ratio to obtain a second vessel wall contour; to loft the second vessel wall contour to obtain a second vessel wall geometric entity; to generate a second total vessel wall surface mesh based on the second vessel wall geometric entity; to generate a corresponding second vessel wall body mesh based on the second total vessel wall surface mesh; and to combine the first vessel wall body mesh, the second vessel wall mesh, and the vessel cavity mesh to form a second vessel body mesh. Wherein, the first total blood vessel wall annular surface grid belongs to the total blood vessel wall annular surface grid, and the total blood vessel wall annular surface grid includes the blood vessel wall surface grid and the blood vessel wall annular surface grid; the blood vessel wall annular surface grid is an annular surface grid formed between the blood vessel wall inner wall surface grid and the blood vessel wall outer wall surface grid at the blood vessel inlet and outlet.

8. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

9. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

10. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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