A liquid metal based electric vehicle fast circuit breaker

Abstract

A kind of liquid metal-based electric vehicle quick circuit breaker, it uses liquid metal as intermediate conductor, first is the small distance separation of electric pole and conducting seat to temporarily cut off current when needing to cut off current, then discharge liquid metal to quickly increase the distance between electric pole and conducting seat, clear the conductor between two conducting rings to further stabilize the off state, so as to obtain the stable cut-off of current.The first disconnected electric pole and conducting seat can effectively reduce the arc of liquid metal output, thereby reducing the consumption of liquid metal and the requirement of intermediate tube part.During subsequent maintenance, only need to send back the liquid metal in intermediate tube by pressurization, it is very convenient to maintain and almost no loss part.The application also uses storage bottle to store the output liquid metal, so as to avoid the waste of liquid metal, further reduce the loss.At the same time, negative pressure can be connected to the storage bottle, and then the liquid metal is quickly sucked by negative pressure, to speed up the suction of liquid metal.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to rapid circuit breaking technology for electric vehicle power batteries, and in particular to a rapid circuit breaking device for electric vehicles based on liquid metal. Background Technology

[0002] Electric vehicles primarily use power batteries as their power source. In emergencies, it's crucial to promptly cut off the power battery's output current to prevent damage and spontaneous combustion, such as in cases of abnormal battery discharge, thermal runaway, vehicle rollover, or severe impacts. A circuit breaker is the device used to disconnect the power battery's current.

[0003] Currently, there are two main technical approaches to interrupting the current of power batteries: one is to use explosives to power the busbar, and the other is to use contactors to actively disconnect the current through electronic control. The first method does not rely on power or control systems, and it is fast-responding, safe, but has high manufacturing and maintenance costs. The second method has a simple structure and low manufacturing and maintenance costs, but it is too dependent on power and control systems. Once a power failure or system failure occurs, it may not be able to disconnect in time, thus posing certain safety hazards.

[0004] Based on current considerations of safety and cost, there is a need for a highly safe and low-cost rapid circuit breaker for electric vehicles. After research, the applicant believes that using liquid metal as an intermediate conductor allows for rapid and effective current disconnection when a rapid power-off is required. Subsequent maintenance simply requires reinstalling the liquid metal, meaning there are virtually no consumables. This approach balances the need for rapid power disconnection with reduced manufacturing and maintenance costs. Furthermore, the heat from the battery pack can be used as an active trigger for the circuit breaker to prevent issues arising from system or power failures that prevent the electronically controlled circuit from being actively disconnected when the battery pack overheats. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a fast circuit breaking device for electric vehicles based on liquid metal, which uses liquid metal as an intermediate conductor and achieves a fast and stable circuit breaking state by rapidly discharging liquid metal.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a rapid circuit breaking device for electric vehicles based on liquid metal, comprising a circuit breaking module and a base, wherein the circuit breaking module is directly or indirectly assembled with the base; the circuit breaking module includes two power connection components and an intermediate tube, wherein the two power connection components are respectively assembled with the two ends of the intermediate tube, and the power connection components include a power connection post, a conductive post, an arc extinguishing tube, and a side end ring; the two ends of the intermediate tube are respectively sealed and assembled with the corresponding arc extinguishing tubes, and an end plug is installed on the end of the arc extinguishing tube away from the intermediate tube; An inner plug is installed on one end of the intermediate tube and the arc-extinguishing tube. The intermediate tube is sealed and slidably assembled with the piston. The piston is installed on one end of the conductive post, and a conductive ring is installed on the piston. The conductive ring is electrically connected to the conductive post. A second cutting spring is fitted onto the other end of the conductive post, passes through the inner plug, and is assembled with the conductive seat. The conductive seat is provided with a hemispherical groove, which is engaged with a hemispherical end. The hemispherical end is located on one end of the receiving post, and the other end of the receiving post extends out of the end plug. A receiving post ring is installed on the end of the receiving post with the hemispherical end. A first cutting spring is fitted on the portion of the receiving post located between the receiving post ring and the end plug. The first cutting spring applies a pushing force to the receiving post towards the conductive seat. The middle tube, located between the two pistons, is filled with liquid metal. The liquid metal contacts the conductive rings on both sides to conduct electricity and connect the current. An external protrusion tube is also installed on the middle tube between the two pistons. When the external protrusion tube is opened, the liquid metal in the middle tube flows out. The side end ring is rotatably fitted onto the arc-extinguishing tube and is rotatably assembled with the corresponding arc-extinguishing tube and the corresponding circuit breaker support plate. A side end push ring is installed on the side end ring, and a side end push ring inclined surface is provided on the side end push ring. The other end of the power connection post extends out of the end plug and is fitted with the shaft shift sleeve. The shaft shift sleeve is provided with a shaft shift sleeve inclined surface that fits against the side end push ring inclined surface.

[0007] As a further improvement of the present invention, two circuit breaker support plates are installed on the base, and corresponding auxiliary pressure plates are installed on the two circuit breaker support plates respectively. The circuit breaker support plates and their corresponding auxiliary pressure plates are clamped at both ends of the circuit breaker module to install the circuit breaker module.

[0008] As a further improvement of the present invention, a sealing end face is provided on one end of the convex tube facing the inside of the intermediate tube, and an convex tube ring is fitted on the outside of the convex tube; the inner side of the convex tube is sealed to the switch tube and can be slidably assembled, one end of the switch tube is inserted into the intermediate tube and assembled with the sealing platform, and a sealing ring is installed between the end face of the sealing platform and the sealing end face, and the sealing platform presses the sealing ring toward the sealing end face to achieve sealing. The inside of the switching tube is a hollow switching tube hole, and a through guide groove is provided on one end of the switching tube near the sealing platform. The guide groove is connected to the switching tube hole. The other end of the switching tube extends out of the convex tube and is assembled with the switching tube ring. A sealing spring is installed between the convex tube ring and the switching tube ring. The sealing spring applies a thrust away from the intermediate tube to the switching tube, so that the sealing platform presses the sealing ring toward the sealing end face to achieve a seal.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present invention, the arc-extinguishing tube is magnetic, and the inner wall and outer wall of the arc-extinguishing tube are respectively provided with an arc-extinguishing tube inner groove and an arc-extinguishing tube protrusion; the power-connecting post ring is engaged with and slidably assembled with the arc-extinguishing tube inner groove, and a conductive seat ring is installed outside the conductive seat, which is engaged with and slidably assembled with the arc-extinguishing tube inner groove; the second cutting-off spring applies a thrust away from the inner plug to the piston.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, the switch ring is mounted on the upper lifting frame, and two upper lifting frame plates are mounted on the upper lifting frame. The upper lifting frame plates are provided with upper lifting protrusions, and the upper lifting protrusions are pressed against the inner sidewall of the corresponding upper lifting ring. An upper lifting arc block is installed on the inner side of the upper lifting ring. The two upper lifting rings are connected and assembled by an upper lifting ring rod. An upper lifting arc surface is provided inside the upper lifting arc block. The distance between the two ends of the upper lifting arc surface and the axis of the upper lifting ring is different. The distance between the end of the upper lifting arc surface closer to the upper lifting protrusion and the axis of the upper lifting ring is greater than the distance between the end of the upper lifting arc surface farther from the upper lifting protrusion and the axis of the upper lifting ring. The upper lifting ring is assembled with the side ring through a side end connecting rod.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, an external gear ring is installed on the lifting ring, the external gear ring meshes with an external rack for transmission, the external rack is engaged and slidably mounted on the power frame, the power frame is mounted on the base, one end of the external rack passes through the base and is assembled with a connecting plate, the connecting plate is assembled with one end of the inner shaft, the other end of the inner shaft is fitted with a first external drive spring and passes through an outer shaft tube and is axially slidably assembled with the outer shaft tube, the outer shaft tube passes through the hollow shaft of the external drive electromagnet and is not axially movable relative to it, and the external drive electromagnet is mounted on the base.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, a lock seat is installed on the end of the outer shaft tube away from the connecting plate, and an inner shaft annular groove is provided at the corresponding position of the inner shaft and the lock seat; the lock seat is provided with a lock seat shaft hole and a lock seat locking groove, the outer shaft tube is inserted into the lock seat shaft hole and fixed therewith, and the inner end face of the inner shaft annular groove is engaged with the lock block so that the inner shaft cannot move relative to the outer shaft tube toward the connecting plate; the lock block is installed on one end of the lock shaft and the lock block is slidably installed in the lock seat locking groove, and the other end of the lock shaft is fitted with a second external drive spring and passes through the lock seat and the locking electromagnet shaft of the locking electromagnet, the inner shaft and the locking electromagnet shaft cannot be moved relative to each other axially, and the second external drive spring applies a spring force to the lock block to push it toward the inner shaft.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, the other end of the locking shaft is fitted with a second external drive spring and passes through the lock seat and the locking electromagnet shaft of the locking electromagnet before being installed into the thermal sensor cavity of the thermal sensor; one end of the inner shaft installed into the thermal sensor cavity is assembled with one end of a third external drive spring, and the other end of the third external drive spring is assembled and fixed to the inner wall of the thermal sensor cavity; a heat-conducting block is also installed on the thermal sensor, the heat-conducting block penetrates the thermal sensor and communicates with the thermal sensor cavity; the thermal sensor cavity is filled with heat-conducting oil; and the third external drive spring is a memory spring.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention, the locking electromagnet, the lock base, and the thermal sensor are all mounted on the slide. The slide is provided with a slide slider, which is engaged and slidably fitted into the slide groove of the power frame. The slide groove of the power frame is provided on the power frame. The slide is assembled and fixed to the outer shaft tube. The locking electromagnet is powered by a spring wire, and the two ends of the spring wire are respectively mounted on the slide and the power frame. A DC transformer is installed on the base and is fitted outside the terminal block. The electrical signal output by the DC transformer is connected to the control terminal of the locking electromagnet driver. The locking electromagnet is driven by the locking electromagnet driver and is powered by the vehicle power supply.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present invention, the electric vehicle fast circuit breaker device also includes a storage bottle and an outer ring. The outer ring is mounted on a base, and the switch tube passes through the outer ring and is sealed and slidably assembled with it. A drain tube is installed inside the storage bottle, and the inside of the storage bottle is a hollow storage cavity. One end of the drain tube enters the storage cavity and is close to its closed end, and the other end is installed at the bottle opening of the storage bottle. The bottle opening of the storage bottle is inserted into the outer ring and sealed with it, and the switch tube is partially inserted into the drain tube and slidably assembled with it. The storage cavity is connected to one end of the negative pressure tube near the bottle opening. The other end of the negative pressure tube is inserted into the negative pressure channel and sealed therewith. The negative pressure channel is set on the negative pressure seat and is connected to the bottle seat hole. The bottle seat hole is set on the bottle seat. The bottle seat is also provided with a placement groove. The placement groove is engaged with the negative pressure bottle. The inside of the negative pressure bottle is connected to the placement groove, and the inside of the negative pressure bottle is in a negative pressure or vacuum state. The bottle holder is installed on the negative pressure seat. The bottle holder and the negative pressure seat are also provided with ball grooves. The bottle holder hole and the negative pressure channel are respectively connected to the ball grooves. A ball is sealed and installed in the ball groove. The ball is provided with a through hole and is assembled with one end of the valve stem. The other end of the valve stem passes through the bottle holder or the negative pressure seat and is connected to the internal gear. The internal gear meshes with the internal rack for transmission. The internal rack is installed on the external rack and is provided with a connecting plate.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention uses liquid metal as an intermediate conductor. When current needs to be cut off, the terminal block and the conductive base are first separated by a small distance to temporarily interrupt the current. Then, the liquid metal is discharged to quickly increase the distance between the terminal block and the conductive base, and to clear the conductor between the two conductive rings to further stabilize the circuit break, thereby achieving a stable current cut-off. Disconnecting the terminal block and the conductive base first effectively reduces the arcing during liquid metal output, thus reducing liquid metal consumption and the requirements for the intermediate tube. Subsequent maintenance only requires pressurizing and returning the liquid metal to the intermediate tube, making maintenance very convenient and with almost no consumable parts, resulting in low cost. Furthermore, this invention uses a storage bottle to store the output liquid metal, thus avoiding waste and further reducing losses. Simultaneously, negative pressure can be applied to the storage bottle, and the liquid metal can be quickly drawn in through negative pressure to accelerate the absorption of liquid metal, thereby speeding up the current cut-off and ensuring the circuit break is quickly and stably maintained. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figures 1-4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view at the center plane where the axis of the electric shaft 110 is located; Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 7 It is a sectional view at the center plane where the valve stem axis is located; Figure 8 This is a sectional view at the center plane where the inner shaft 510 axis is located; Figure 9 yes Figure 8 Enlarged view at point B in the middle; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of thermal sensor 370, locking electromagnet 360, and lock base 380. Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the external rack 420, external drive electromagnet 350, thermal sensor 370, locking electromagnet 360, and lock base 380. Figure 12 This is a partial structural diagram of the circuit breaker module at point 100; Figures 13-14 This is an exploded view of 100 points of the circuit breaker module; Figure 15 This is a structural diagram of the 660th position of the upper lifting frame. Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0019] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0020] See Figures 1-15 The electric vehicle rapid circuit breaking device of this embodiment includes a circuit breaking module 100 and a base 210. Two circuit breaking support plates 240 are installed on the base 210, and corresponding auxiliary pressure plates 241 are installed on the two circuit breaking support plates 240 respectively. The circuit breaking support plates 240 and their corresponding auxiliary pressure plates 241 are clamped at both ends of the circuit breaking module 100 to install the circuit breaking module 100.

[0021] The circuit breaker module 100 includes two power connection components and an intermediate tube 140. The two power connection components are respectively assembled to both ends of the intermediate tube 140. Each power connection component includes a power connection post 110, a conductive post 120, and an arc-extinguishing tube 160. Both ends of the intermediate tube 140 are respectively sealed and assembled with the corresponding arc-extinguishing tubes 160. The arc-extinguishing tubes 160 are magnetic. An end plug 161 is installed on the end of the arc-extinguishing tube 160 away from the intermediate tube 140. An arc-extinguishing tube inner groove 163 and an arc-extinguishing tube protrusion 162 are respectively provided on the inner and outer walls of the arc-extinguishing tube 160. An end plug 161 is installed on the end of the intermediate tube 140 that is assembled with the arc-extinguishing tube 160. The intermediate tube 140 is sealed and slidably assembled with the piston 150, which is equipped with an inner plug 141. The piston 150 is mounted on one end of the conductive post 120, and a conductive ring 123 is installed on the piston 150. The conductive ring 123 is electrically connected to the conductive post 120. The other end of the conductive post 120 is fitted with a second cutting spring 172, which passes through the inner plug 141 and is assembled with the conductive seat 122. A conductive seat ring 121 is installed on the outside of the conductive seat 122. The conductive seat ring 121 is engaged and slidably assembled with the inner groove 163 of the arc extinguishing tube. The second cutting spring 172 applies a thrust to the piston 150 away from the inner plug 141.

[0022] The conductive base 122 is provided with a hemispherical groove 1221, which engages with a hemispherical end 111. The hemispherical end 111 is located on one end of the electrical connection post 110, and the other end of the electrical connection post 110 extends out of the end plug 161. An electrical connection post ring 112 is installed on the end of the electrical connection post 110 where the hemispherical end 111 is located. The electrical connection post ring 112 engages with and slides with the inner groove 163 of the arc extinguishing tube. A first cutting spring 171 is fitted on the portion of the electrical connection post 110 located between the electrical connection post ring 112 and the end plug 161. The first cutting spring 171 applies a pushing force to the electrical connection post 110 towards the conductive base 122 to ensure that the hemispherical end 111 and the hemispherical groove 1221 are pressed tightly together for conduction. Preferably, conductive paste is further filled between the hemispherical end 111 and the hemispherical groove 1221, and the conductive paste is used to increase the conductive area and performance of the hemispherical end 111 and the hemispherical groove 1221.

[0023] The middle tube 140, located between the two pistons 150, is filled with liquid metal. The liquid metal is used to conduct electricity by contacting the conductive rings 123 on both sides to connect the current.

[0024] An externally protruding tube 142 is also installed on the portion of the intermediate tube 140 located between the two pistons 150. A sealing end face 144 is provided on the end of the externally protruding tube 142 facing the inside of the intermediate tube 140. An externally protruding tube ring 143 is fitted over the externally protruding tube 142. The inner side of the externally protruding tube 142 is sealed to the switch tube 610 and can be slidably assembled. One end of the switch tube 610 is inserted into the intermediate tube 140 and assembled with the sealing platform 620. A sealing ring 630 is installed between the end face of the sealing platform 620 and the sealing end face 144. The sealing platform 620 presses the sealing ring 630 against the sealing end face 144 to achieve a seal.

[0025] The switching tube 610 has a hollow switching tube hole 612 inside. A through-flow guide groove 611 is provided on one end of the switching tube 610 near the sealing platform 620, and the guide groove 611 communicates with the switching tube hole 612. The other end of the switching tube 610 extends through the protruding tube 142 and is assembled with a switching tube ring 640. A sealing spring 650 is installed between the protruding tube ring 143 and the switching tube ring 640. The sealing spring 650 applies a thrust to the switching tube 610 away from the intermediate tube 140, so that the sealing platform 620 presses the sealing ring 630 against the sealing end face 144 to achieve a seal. Preferably, an elastic sleeve 670 is fitted around the protruding tube ring 143 and the switching tube ring 640. The elastic sleeve 670 is flexible and elastic. During use, the movement of the switching tube ring 640 relative to the protruding tube ring 143 can be flexibly adapted by the deformation of the elastic sleeve 670.

[0026] The switch ring 640 is mounted on the upper lifting frame 660, and two upper lifting frame plates 661 are mounted on the upper lifting frame 660. Each upper lifting frame plate 661 has an upper lifting protrusion 662. The upper lifting protrusion 662 presses against the inner wall of the corresponding upper lifting ring 190. An upper lifting arc block 192 is mounted on the inner side of the upper lifting ring 190. The two upper lifting rings 190 are connected and assembled via an upper lifting ring rod 191. An upper lifting arc surface 1921 is provided within the upper lifting arc block 192. The distances between the two ends of the upper lifting arc surface 1921 and the axis of the upper lifting ring 190 are different. The distance between the end of the upper lifting arc surface 1921 closer to the upper lifting protrusion 662 and the axis of the upper lifting ring 190 is greater than the distance between the end of the upper lifting arc surface 1921 farther from the upper lifting protrusion 662 and the axis of the upper lifting ring 190. This design allows the upper lifting ring 190 to rotate (…). Figure 7 When rotating (in the direction of rotation, counterclockwise), the larger end of the distance between the raised arc surface 1921 and the axis of the raised ring 190 gradually moves towards the raised protrusion 662, thereby driving the raised frame 660 to move towards the sealing platform 620, so that the guide groove 611 enters the intermediate tube 140 to introduce the liquid metal in the intermediate tube 140 into the switch tube hole 612 for output, so that the interior of the intermediate tube 140 is hollow and loses its conductivity, thus achieving circuit breaking.

[0027] Preferably, the lifting ring 190 is assembled with the side ring 180 via the side connecting rod 181. The side ring 180 is rotatably fitted around the arc-extinguishing tube 160 and is rotatably assembled with the corresponding arc-extinguishing tube 160 and the corresponding circuit breaker support plate 240. A side push ring 182 is installed on the side ring 180, and a side push ring inclined surface 1821 is provided on the side push ring 182. The other end of the power connection post 110 passes through the end plug 161 and is assembled with the shaft shift sleeve 130. The shaft shift sleeve 130 is provided with a shaft shift sleeve inclined surface 131 that fits against the side push ring inclined surface 1821. When the lifting ring 190 rotates, it drives the side ring 180 to rotate. The side ring 180 drives the side push ring 182 to rotate. The side push ring 182, through the cooperation of the side push ring inclined surface 1821 and the shaft shift sleeve inclined surface 131, pushes the shaft shift sleeve 130 and the electrical terminal 110 away from the intermediate tube 140. This causes the electrical terminal 110 to overcome the elastic force of the first cutting spring 171 and move away from the conductive seat 122, thereby causing the hemispherical end 111 and the hemispherical groove 1221 to separate and cut off the current between the conductive post 120 and the electrical terminal 110. The electric arc generated in this process is pulled towards the arc extinguishing tube 160 by the magnetism of the arc extinguishing tube 160, and is quickly extinguished by the inner groove 163 of the arc extinguishing tube. The heat of the arc extinguishing tube 160 is dissipated through the arc extinguishing tube protrusion 162.

[0028] When the lifting ring 190 rotates, it also drives the lifting frame 660 to move towards the intermediate tube 140, allowing the guide groove 611 to enter the intermediate tube 140. At this time, the squeezing force applied to the piston 150 by the second cutting spring 172 can quickly push the liquid metal into the switch tube hole 612 for discharge, thereby rapidly increasing the distance between the electrical post 110 and the conductive seat 120, which further ensures the stability of the circuit break. At the same time, after the liquid metal is discharged, the conductor between the two conductive rings 123 is missing, thus forming a more stable circuit break between the two conductive rings 123. In this embodiment, the initial small-distance disconnection of the hemispherical end 111 and hemispherical groove 1221 before discharging the liquid metal can effectively prevent the generation of an electric arc when the liquid metal is energized, thereby affecting the use and lifespan of the cutting module. Subsequently, gradually increasing the distance between the hemispherical end 111 and hemispherical groove 1221 and clearing the conductor between the two conductive rings 123 further ensures the stability of the circuit break. During subsequent maintenance, first reverse the lifting ring 190 to reset it, so that the side end push ring inclined surface 1821 and the shaft shift sleeve inclined surface 131 are back in contact. Then, pressurize liquid metal from one end of the switch tube 610 and input it into the intermediate tube 140 to reset the two pistons 150. The maintenance is very convenient and there is basically no loss. The maintenance cost is also low. At the same time, by first disconnecting a small distance and then gradually increasing the disconnection distance, the current can be effectively and quickly cut off, and then the open circuit state is maintained.

[0029] See Figure 1 , Figures 8-11 Preferably, in order to drive the lifting ring 190 to rotate, this embodiment also installs an external gear ring 410 on the lifting ring 190. The external gear ring 410 meshes with the external rack 420 for transmission. The external rack 420 is engaged and slidably mounted on the power frame 250. The power frame 250 is mounted on the base 210. One end of the external rack 420 passes through the base 210 and is assembled with the connecting plate 431. The connecting plate 431 is assembled with one end of the inner shaft 510. The other end of the inner shaft 510 is fitted with a first external drive spring 531 and passes through the outer shaft tube 520 and is axially slidably assembled with the outer shaft tube 520. The outer shaft tube 520 passes through the hollow shaft of the external drive electromagnet 350 and is not axially movable relative to it. The external drive electromagnet 350 is mounted on the base 210.

[0030] A lock seat 380 is installed on the end of the outer shaft tube 520 away from the connecting plate 431. An inner shaft annular groove 511 is provided on the inner shaft 510 corresponding to the lock seat 380. The lock seat 380 is provided with a lock seat shaft hole 381 and a lock seat locking groove 382. The outer shaft tube 520 is inserted into the lock seat shaft hole 381 and fixed thereto. The inner end face of the inner shaft annular groove 511 is engaged with the lock block 550 so that the inner shaft 510 cannot move relative to the outer shaft tube 520 toward the connecting plate 431. The lock block 550 is installed on one end of the lock shaft 540 and is slidably installed in the lock seat locking groove 382. The other end of the lock shaft 540 is fitted with a second external drive spring 532 and passes through the lock seat 380 and the locking electromagnet 360. The hollow iron shaft 361 is then inserted into the thermal sensor cavity 371 of the thermal sensor 370. The second external drive spring 532 applies a spring force to the locking block 550 to push the inner shaft 510. The inner shaft 510 and the locking electromagnet shaft 361 are not axially movable relative to each other. One end of the inner shaft 510 inserted into the thermal sensor cavity 371 is assembled with one end of the third external drive spring 533. The other end of the third external drive spring 533 is assembled and fixed to the inner wall of the thermal sensor cavity 371. A heat-conducting block 372 is also installed on the thermal sensor 370. The heat-conducting block 372 penetrates the thermal sensor 370 and communicates with the thermal sensor cavity 371. The thermal sensor cavity 371 is filled with heat-conducting oil. The third external drive spring 533 is a memory spring, which contracts at around 80-90°C. During use, the heat-conducting block 372 introduces heat into the thermal sensor cavity 371 to heat the heat-conducting oil. The heat-conducting oil heats the third external drive spring 533. Once the temperature of the third external drive spring 533's contraction is reached, the third external drive spring 533 contracts, thereby driving the locking shaft 540 to overcome the elastic force of the second external drive spring 532 and gradually pull the locking block 540 out of the inner shaft ring groove 511. At this time, the inner shaft 510 moves relative to the outer shaft tube 520 under the elastic force of the first external drive spring 531, thereby driving the connecting plate 431 (outer rack 420) to move, which in turn drives the outer gear ring 410 to rotate and the lifting ring 190 to rotate, thereby realizing the flow guide groove 611 entering the intermediate tube 140 and the short circuit of the connecting post 110 moving away from the conductive seat 122. After the locking electromagnet 360 is activated, it can drive the locking electromagnet shaft 361 to move away from the lock seat 380, thereby pulling the locking block 540 out of the inner shaft ring groove 511.

[0031] Preferably, the locking electromagnet 360, the locking seat 380, and the thermal sensor 370 are all mounted on the slide 260. The slide 260 is equipped with a slide block 261, which engages and slides within the power frame slide groove 251. The power frame slide groove 251 is located on the power frame 250. The slide 260 is then fixedly assembled with the outer shaft tube 520. This design primarily ensures that the locking electromagnet 360, the locking seat 380, and the thermal sensor 370 are fixedly assembled with the outer shaft tube 520 and slide stably along with it.

[0032] Preferably, the locking electromagnet 360 is powered by a spring wire 301, with the two ends of the spring wire 301 respectively mounted on the slide 260 and the power frame 250. In use, the elasticity of the spring wire 301 is used to flexibly adapt to the axial movement of the outer shaft tube 520.

[0033] Preferably, a DC transformer 340 is mounted on the base 210. The DC transformer 340 is fitted outside the terminal block 110. The electrical signal output by the DC transformer 340 is connected to the locking electromagnetic actuator, and the locking electromagnet 360 is driven by the locking electromagnetic actuator. In use, the DC transformer 340 detects the current value of the terminal block 110, and when the current of the terminal block 110 suddenly increases sharply, the current value output by the DC transformer 340 also increases. Once the current value reaches a preset threshold, the DC transformer 340 inputs a signal to the locking electromagnet, which drives the locking electromagnet shaft 361 to move away from the locking block, thereby achieving automatic start. Of course, a control signal can also be sent to the locking electromagnetic actuator by an industrial control computer, which then drives the locking electromagnet shaft 361 to move.

[0034] When a circuit breaker is needed, the external drive electromagnet 350 can be activated. The external drive electromagnet 350 drives the outer shaft tube 520 to move towards the connecting plate 431, causing the outer rack 420 to move and drive the lifting ring 190 to rotate, thus cutting off the current to the cutting-off module. Alternatively, if there is a control circuit failure or the reaction chamber cannot react in time, the locking shaft can be moved by the third external drive spring 533 and the locking electromagnet 360. The elasticity of the first external drive spring 531 then drives the inner shaft 510, which in turn drives the outer rack 420 to rotate the lifting ring 190. This provides two driving methods and three driving conditions, thus offering a high level of safety.

[0035] Preferably, since liquid metal is relatively expensive, direct discharge and disposal would result in high costs and pollution. Therefore, this embodiment also includes a storage bottle 310 and an outer ring 680. The outer ring 680 is mounted on the base 210, and the switch tube 610 passes through the outer ring 680 and is sealed and slidably assembled with it. A drainage tube 312 is installed inside the storage bottle 310, and the inside of the storage bottle 310 is a hollow storage cavity 311. One end of the drainage tube 312 enters the storage cavity 311 and is close to its closed end, while the other end is installed at the bottle opening of the storage bottle 310. The bottle opening of the storage bottle 310 is fitted into the outer ring 680 and sealed with it. The switch tube 610 is partially fitted into the drainage tube 312 and slidably assembled with it. In use, the output liquid metal enters the switch tube 610 and is introduced into the storage cavity 311 for storage through the drainage tube 312.

[0036] Preferably, in order to increase the flow rate of liquid metal into the storage cavity 311 to speed up the power-off, this embodiment can set the storage cavity 311 to a negative pressure state to use negative pressure to draw in liquid metal.

[0037] Preferably, since the storage cavity 311 must always maintain a negative pressure, the airtightness requirements for the entire device are relatively high, which is not cost-effective. Therefore, the following improvements have been made in this embodiment: One end of the storage cavity 311 near the bottle opening of the storage bottle 310 is connected to one end of the negative pressure tube 222. The other end of the negative pressure tube 222 is inserted into the negative pressure channel 221 and sealed therewith. The negative pressure channel 221 is provided on the negative pressure seat 220 and is connected to the bottle seat hole 232. The bottle seat hole 232 is provided on the bottle seat 230. The bottle seat 230 is also provided with a placement groove 231. The placement groove 231 is engaged with the negative pressure bottle 320. The inside of the negative pressure bottle 320 is connected to the placement groove 231, and the inside of the negative pressure bottle 320 is in a negative pressure or vacuum state. The bottle holder 230 is installed on the negative pressure seat 220. The bottle holder 230 and the negative pressure seat 220 are also provided with a ball groove 201. The bottle holder hole 232 and the negative pressure channel 221 are respectively connected to the ball groove 201. A ball 330 is sealed and installed in the ball groove 201. The ball 330 is provided with a through hole 331 and is assembled with one end of the valve stem 332. The other end of the valve stem 332 passes through the bottle holder 230 or the negative pressure seat 220 and is connected to the internal gear 440. The internal gear 440 meshes with the internal rack 430 for transmission. The internal rack 430 is installed on the external rack 420 and is provided with a connecting plate 431.

[0038] When the connecting plate 431 moves, the inner rack 430 moves synchronously, thereby driving the inner gear 440 to rotate. The inner gear 440 drives the ball 330 to rotate, so that the through hole 331 gradually rotates to connect with the bottle seat hole 232 and the negative pressure channel 221. At this time, the negative pressure of the bottle seat 230 is introduced into the storage cavity 311 to draw in liquid metal. This design uses the ball 330 and the ball groove 201 to form a ball valve, which can cut off the negative pressure in the negative pressure bottle 320 from the storage cavity 311 when negative pressure is not needed, thereby ensuring the long-term maintenance of the negative pressure in the negative pressure bottle 320 and reducing the airtightness requirements of the entire device. In use, the movement of the outer rack 420 is used to achieve linkage, thereby providing negative pressure to the storage cavity 311 as needed and in a timely manner to accelerate the cutoff of current, which is not only safer but also simple and practical.

[0039] Preferably, a base shell 211 is installed on the base 210, and the base shell 211 covers the storage bottle 310, the negative pressure bottle 320, the bottle holder 230, and the negative pressure seat 220 inside. During maintenance, the base shell 211 can be directly removed. Figure 2 Status Figure 3 (Status), which is very convenient.

[0040] Any aspects of this invention not described in detail are well-known to those skilled in the art.

[0041] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make numerous modifications and variations based on the concept of the present invention without creative effort. Therefore, all technical solutions that can be obtained by those skilled in the art based on the concept of the present invention through logical analysis, reasoning, or limited experimentation on the basis of existing technology should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A fast circuit breaking device for electric vehicles based on liquid metal, characterized in that: The device includes a circuit breaker module and a base, with the circuit breaker module being directly or indirectly assembled with the base. The circuit breaker module includes two power connection components and an intermediate tube. The two power connection components are respectively assembled with the two ends of the intermediate tube. The power connection components include a power connection post, a conductive post, an arc-extinguishing tube, and a side end ring. The two ends of the intermediate tube are respectively sealed and assembled with the corresponding arc-extinguishing tubes. An end plug is installed on the end of the arc-extinguishing tube away from the intermediate tube. An inner plug is installed on one end of the intermediate tube and the arc-extinguishing tube. The intermediate tube is sealed and slidably assembled with the piston. The piston is installed on one end of the conductive post, and a conductive ring is installed on the piston. The conductive ring is electrically connected to the conductive post. A second cutting spring is fitted onto the other end of the conductive post, passes through the inner plug, and is assembled with the conductive seat. The conductive seat is provided with a hemispherical groove, which is engaged with a hemispherical end. The hemispherical end is located on one end of the receiving post, and the other end of the receiving post extends out of the end plug. A receiving post ring is installed on the end of the receiving post with the hemispherical end. A first cutting spring is fitted on the portion of the receiving post located between the receiving post ring and the end plug. The first cutting spring applies a pushing force to the receiving post towards the conductive seat. The middle tube, located between the two pistons, is filled with liquid metal. The liquid metal contacts the conductive rings on both sides to conduct electricity and connect the current. An outward-protruding tube is also installed on the middle tube between the two pistons. When the outward-protruding tube is opened, the liquid metal in the middle tube flows out. The side end ring is rotatably fitted onto the arc-extinguishing tube and is rotatably assembled with the corresponding arc-extinguishing tube and the corresponding circuit breaker support plate. A side end push ring is installed on the side end ring, and a side end push ring inclined surface is provided on the side end push ring. The other end of the power connection post extends out of the end plug and is fitted with the shaft shift sleeve. The shaft shift sleeve is provided with a shaft shift sleeve inclined surface that fits against the side end push ring inclined surface.

2. The electric vehicle fast circuit breaking device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Two circuit breaker support plates are installed on the base, and corresponding auxiliary pressure plates are installed on the two circuit breaker support plates respectively. The circuit breaker support plates and their corresponding auxiliary pressure plates are clamped at both ends of the circuit breaker module to install the circuit breaker module.

3. The electric vehicle fast circuit breaking device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: A sealing end face is provided on one end of the convex tube facing the inside of the middle tube, and an convex tube ring is fitted on the outside of the convex tube; the inside of the convex tube is sealed to the switch tube and can be slidably assembled; one end of the switch tube is inserted into the middle tube and assembled with the sealing platform; a sealing ring is installed between the end face of the sealing platform and the sealing end face; the sealing platform presses the sealing ring toward the sealing end face to achieve a seal. The inside of the switching tube is a hollow switching tube hole, and a through guide groove is provided on one end of the switching tube near the sealing platform. The guide groove is connected to the switching tube hole. The other end of the switch tube extends out of the convex tube and is assembled with the switch tube ring. A sealing spring is installed between the convex tube ring and the switch tube ring. The sealing spring applies a thrust away from the intermediate tube to the switch tube, so that the sealing platform presses the sealing ring toward the sealing end face to achieve a seal.

4. The electric vehicle fast circuit breaking device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The arc-extinguishing tube is magnetic, and the inner and outer walls of the arc-extinguishing tube are respectively provided with an arc-extinguishing tube inner groove and an arc-extinguishing tube protrusion; the power-connecting post ring is engaged with and slidably assembled with the arc-extinguishing tube inner groove, and a conductive seat ring is installed on the outside of the conductive seat, which is engaged with and slidably assembled with the arc-extinguishing tube inner groove; the second cutting spring applies a thrust to the piston away from the inner plug.

5. The electric vehicle fast circuit breaking device as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The switch ring is mounted on the upper lifting frame, which has two upper lifting frame plates. Each upper lifting frame plate has an upper lifting protrusion that presses against the inner wall of the corresponding upper lifting ring. An upper lifting arc block is mounted on the inner side of each upper lifting ring. The two upper lifting rings are connected and assembled via an upper lifting ring rod. An upper lifting arc surface is provided within each upper lifting arc block. The distances between the two ends of the upper lifting arc surface and the axis of the upper lifting ring are different; the distance between the end of the upper lifting arc surface closer to the upper lifting protrusion and the axis of the upper lifting ring is greater than the distance between the end of the upper lifting arc surface farther from the upper lifting protrusion and the axis of the upper lifting ring. The upper lifting ring is assembled with the side ring via a side end connecting rod.

6. The electric vehicle fast circuit breaker as described in claim 5, characterized in that: in An external gear ring is installed on the lifting ring. The external gear ring meshes with an external rack for transmission. The external rack is engaged and slidably mounted on the power frame. The power frame is mounted on the base. One end of the external rack passes through the base and is assembled with a connecting plate. The connecting plate is assembled with one end of the inner shaft. The other end of the inner shaft is fitted with a first external drive spring and passes through an outer shaft tube, which is axially slidably assembled with the outer shaft tube. The outer shaft tube passes through the hollow shaft of the external drive electromagnet and is not axially movable relative to it. The external drive electromagnet is mounted on the base.

7. The electric vehicle fast circuit breaking device as described in claim 6, characterized in that: A lock seat is installed on the end of the outer shaft tube away from the connecting plate, and an inner shaft annular groove is provided at the corresponding position of the inner shaft and the lock seat. The lock seat is provided with a lock seat shaft hole and a lock seat lock groove. The outer shaft tube is inserted into the lock seat shaft hole and fixed therewith. The inner end face of the inner shaft annular groove is engaged with the lock block so that the inner shaft cannot move relative to the outer shaft tube toward the connecting plate. The lock block is installed on one end of the lock shaft and is slidably installed in the lock seat lock groove. The other end of the lock shaft is fitted with a second external drive spring and passes through the lock seat and the locking electromagnet shaft of the locking electromagnet. The inner shaft and the locking electromagnet shaft cannot be moved relative to each other axially. The second external drive spring applies a spring force to the lock block to push it toward the inner shaft.

8. The electric vehicle fast circuit breaking device as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The other end of the locking shaft is fitted with a second external drive spring, passes through the lock seat and the locking electromagnet shaft of the locking electromagnet, and is then inserted into the thermal sensor cavity of the thermal sensor. One end of the inner shaft inserted into the thermal sensor cavity is assembled with one end of a third external drive spring, and the other end of the third external drive spring is assembled and fixed to the inner wall of the thermal sensor cavity. A heat-conducting block is also installed on the thermal sensor, which penetrates the thermal sensor and communicates with the thermal sensor cavity. The thermal sensor cavity is filled with heat-conducting oil, and the third external drive spring is a memory spring.

9. The electric vehicle fast circuit breaking device as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The locking electromagnet, lock base, and thermal sensor are all mounted on the slide. The slide is equipped with a slide slider, which is engaged and slidably fitted into the power frame slide groove. The power frame slide groove is located on the power frame, and the slide is assembled and fixed to the outer shaft tube. The locking electromagnet is powered by a spring wire, and the two ends of the spring wire are respectively mounted on the slide and the power frame. A DC transformer is installed on the base and is fitted outside the terminal block. The electrical signal output by the DC transformer is connected to the control terminal of the locking electromagnet driver. The locking electromagnet is driven by the locking electromagnet driver and is powered by the vehicle power supply.

10. The electric vehicle fast circuit breaker as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: The electric vehicle fast circuit breaker also includes a storage bottle and an outer ring. The outer ring is mounted on a base, and the switch tube passes through the outer ring and is sealed and slidably assembled with it. The storage bottle contains a drain tube and has a hollow storage cavity inside. One end of the drain tube enters the storage cavity and is close to its closed end, while the other end is installed at the bottle opening of the storage bottle. The bottle opening of the storage bottle is fitted into the outer ring and sealed with it, and the switch tube is partially fitted into the drain tube and slidably assembled with it. The storage cavity is connected to one end of the negative pressure tube near the bottle opening. The other end of the negative pressure tube is inserted into the negative pressure channel and sealed therewith. The negative pressure channel is set on the negative pressure seat and is connected to the bottle seat hole. The bottle seat hole is set on the bottle seat. The bottle seat is also provided with a placement groove. The placement groove is engaged with the negative pressure bottle. The inside of the negative pressure bottle is connected to the placement groove, and the inside of the negative pressure bottle is in a negative pressure or vacuum state. The bottle holder is installed on the negative pressure seat. The bottle holder and the negative pressure seat are also provided with ball grooves. The bottle holder hole and the negative pressure channel are respectively connected to the ball grooves. A ball is sealed and installed in the ball groove. The ball is provided with a through hole and is assembled with one end of the valve stem. The other end of the valve stem passes through the bottle holder or the negative pressure seat and is connected to the internal gear. The internal gear meshes with the internal rack for transmission. The internal rack is installed on the external rack and is provided with a connecting plate.

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