Attachment structure for attaching at least one device to an article of clothing

Abstract

The present application relates to attachment structures for attaching at least one device to an article of clothing. Aspects herein relate to an active heating or cooling garment thermal conditioning system. The garment thermal conditioning system includes an article of clothing (1400), a dimensionally stable frame (212) including at least one aperture (216) affixed to an outward-facing surface of the article of clothing at a predetermined location, an absorbent material (218) applied to an exposed surface of the dimensionally stable frame, and at least one thermoelectric module releasably positioned within the aperture of the dimensionally stable frame.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of the application filed on October 20, 2017, with application number 202110882215.0 and invention title "Attachment Structure for Attaching at Least One Device to Clothing Articles".

[0002] The application filed on October 20, 2017, with application number 202110882215.0 and entitled "Attachment Structure for Attaching at Least One Device to Clothing Articles", is a divisional application of the application filed on October 20, 2017, with application number 201780059963.0 and entitled "Attachment Structure for Attaching at Least One Device to Clothing Articles". Invention Field

[0003] This disclosure relates to an apparel thermo-regulatory system for actively cooling or heating the wearer when worn. Background of the Invention

[0004] Maintaining a person's core body temperature within a predetermined range is important for optimizing athletic or other performance. However, this can be difficult with traditional clothing.

[0005] This disclosure relates to the following aspects:

[0006] 1) An attachment structure for attaching at least one device to a garment article, the attachment structure comprising: a dimensional stabilizing frame having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, the dimensional stabilizing frame having at least one hole operable to receive the device, the first surface of the dimensional stabilizing frame being adapted to be attached to a first surface of the garment article; and an absorbent material applied to the second surface of the dimensional stabilizing frame.

[0007] 2) The attachment structure according to 1), wherein the dimensionally stable frame is formed of thermoplastic polyurethane.

[0008] 3) The attachment structure according to 1), wherein the dimensionally stable frame is perforated.

[0009] 4) The attachment structure according to 1), wherein the device includes a thermoelectric module.

[0010] 5) The attachment structure according to 1), wherein the absorbent material includes one or more of hydrogel, superabsorbent polymer, nonwoven material and knitted terry material.

[0011] 6) According to the attachment structure described in 1), wherein the first surface of the garment article includes the outward-facing surface of the garment article.

[0012] 7) An attachment structure for attaching a plurality of devices to a garment article, the attachment structure comprising: a dimensional stabilizing frame having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, the dimensional stabilizing frame including a plurality of holes, each of the plurality of holes being operable to receive the device, the first surface of the dimensional stabilizing frame being adapted to attach to a first surface of the garment article.

[0013] 8) The attachment structure according to 7), wherein the plurality of devices include a thermoelectric module.

[0014] 9) The attachment structure according to 8) further includes: an absorbent material, the absorbent material being applied to the second surface of the dimensional stabilizing frame.

[0015] 10) The attachment structure according to 9), wherein the absorbent material comprises one or more of hydrogel, superabsorbent polymer, nonwoven material and knitted terry material.

[0016] 11) The attachment structure according to 7), wherein the plurality of holes includes at least four holes.

[0017] 12) The attachment structure according to 7), wherein each of the plurality of holes has a diameter between 23.6 mm and 26.6 mm.

[0018] 13) According to the attachment structure described in 7), wherein the first surface of the garment article includes the outward-facing surface of the garment article.

[0019] 14) The attachment structure according to 7), wherein the dimensionally stable frame comprises a thermoplastic polyurethane film.

[0020] 15) The attachment structure according to 7), wherein the dimensionally stable frame is perforated.

[0021] 16) An attachment structure for attaching a plurality of devices to a garment article, the attachment structure comprising: a dimensional stabilizing frame formed of an absorbent material, the dimensional stabilizing frame having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, the dimensional stabilizing frame including a plurality of holes, each of the plurality of holes being operable to receive the device, the first surface of the dimensional stabilizing frame being adapted to attach to an outwardly facing surface of the garment article.

[0022] 17) The attachment structure according to 16), wherein the dimensionally stable frame is formed of one or more of a spacer mesh and a nonwoven material.

[0023] 18) The attachment structure according to 16), wherein the device includes a thermoelectric module.

[0024] 19) The attachment structure according to 16), wherein the plurality of holes includes at least four holes.

[0025] 20) The attachment structure according to 16), wherein each of the plurality of holes has a diameter between 23.6 mm and 26.6 mm. Brief description of the attached diagram

[0026] Examples of the invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0027] Figure 1 The illustration shows a perspective view of an exemplary attachment structure for attaching a device to a flexible material according to aspects of this document.

[0028] Figure 2 The diagram illustrates aspects according to this article. Figure 1 An exploded view of an exemplary attachment structure;

[0029] Figure 3 An exploded view of an alternative exemplary attachment structure for attaching a device to a flexible material, according to aspects of this document, is shown.

[0030] Figure 4A and Figure 4B An exemplary pattern of an absorbent material applied to a flexible material according to aspects of this document is illustrated.

[0031] Figure 5 The illustration shows a cross-sectional view of a flexible material and an exemplary attachment structure according to aspects of this document, the flexible material having an absorbent material applied thereto;

[0032] Figure 6 The illustration shows a perspective view of an alternative exemplary attachment structure for attaching a single device to a flexible material, according to aspects of this document.

[0033] Figure 7 The illustration shows a plan view of an exemplary thermoelectric module array according to aspects of this document;

[0034] Figure 8A A side view of an exemplary thermoelectric module according to aspects of this document is illustrated;

[0035] Figure 8BThe diagram illustrates aspects according to this article. Figure 8A A top view of an exemplary thermoelectric module;

[0036] Figure 9 An exploded view of an exemplary thermoelectric module according to aspects of this article is shown;

[0037] Figure 10 The diagram illustrates aspects of this article. Figure 7 A cross-sectional view taken at point 10-10 of the cutting line;

[0038] Figure 11 An exploded view of an exemplary clothing thermal conditioning system according to aspects of this article is shown;

[0039] Figure 12 The illustration shows a cross-sectional view of a thermoelectric module releasably attached to a flexible material using an attachment structure according to aspects of this article.

[0040] Figure 13 The diagram illustrates aspects of this article. Figure 12 A close-up image taken from the area indicated in the image;

[0041] Figure 14 The illustration shows a front perspective view of a garment article having an exemplary garment thermal conditioning system according to aspects of this article;

[0042] Figure 15 The diagram illustrates aspects according to this article. Figure 14 Rear perspective view of the clothing items;

[0043] Figures 16A to 16B The first and second surfaces of a flexible textile suitable for receiving devices, according to aspects of this article, are illustrated respectively.

[0044] Figure 17A The illustration shows a perspective view of an exemplary thermoelectric module having a grooved surface according to aspects of this document;

[0045] Figures 17B to 17C The illustration shows alternative shape configurations of the thermoelectric module according to aspects of this paper;

[0046] Figure 18A An exemplary linear device array according to aspects of this document is illustrated;

[0047] Figure 18B An exemplary staggered device array according to aspects of this document is illustrated;

[0048] Figures 18C to 18DThe illustration shows an exemplary array of expansion devices in a first state and a second state, respectively, according to aspects of this document;

[0049] Figure 19 The illustration shows a front view of a garment article having an exemplary garment heat-regulating system according to aspects of this document; and

[0050] Figure 20 The illustration shows a front view of a garment article having an exemplary garment heat conditioning system according to aspects of this document.

[0051] Detailed description of the invention

[0052] The subject matter of the invention has been specifically described herein to satisfy legal requirements. However, the description itself is not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure. Rather, the inventors have envisioned that the claimed or disclosed subject matter may also be embodied in other ways in combination with other existing or future techniques to include different steps or combinations of steps similar to those described in this document. Furthermore, while the terms “step” and / or “box” may be used herein to refer to different elements of the method used, these terms should not be construed as implying any particular order among or between the various steps disclosed herein, unless and only when the order of individual steps is explicitly stated.

[0053] In summary, aspects of this document relate to a clothing thermal conditioning system configured to facilitate recovery from physical activity and / or actively heat or cool the wearer to help maintain the wearer within an optimal temperature range, thereby promoting, for example, work performance and / or athletic performance. The clothing thermal conditioning system described herein is applicable to a wide range of applications, such as athletes, firefighters, first responders, military personnel, etc. More specifically, aspects of this document envision a clothing thermal conditioning system that utilizes thermoelectric modules (also known as thermoelectric coolers, Peltier chips or devices, thermoelectric units, thermoelectric chips, etc.) integrated into the clothing article using one or more attachment structures to heat or cool the wearer. Before describing further aspects of this disclosure, a brief overview of the thermoelectric modules and how they operate will be provided.

[0054] A thermoelectric module (TEM) is a solid-state heat pump that utilizes the Peltier effect to transfer heat from the cold side to the hot side of the TEM, opposite to the temperature gradient. When used for cooling, heat is absorbed by electrons on the cold side as they move from lower energy levels in a p-type semiconductor element to higher energy levels in an n-type semiconductor element. The voltage difference between the positive and negative connectors of the TEM provides the electrical potential for moving electrons from lower to higher energy levels. On the hot side of the TEM, energy is released as heat as electrons move back from higher to lower energy levels. TEMs have the advantage of switching from cooling to heating by reversing the polarity of the power supply. Therefore, after polarity reversal, the cold side of a previously TEM can become the hot side, and vice versa. Thus, a single TEM can be used for both heating and cooling.

[0055] For a thermal management system (TEM) to operate efficiently (i.e., without consuming excessive electrical energy), it is crucial to remove the heat generated on the hot side of the TEM. This presents a challenge when TEMs are used in clothing, as traditional heatsinks such as fans are impractical. This paper envisions a clothing thermal conditioning system that uses evaporative heat transfer to dissipate heat from the hot side of the TEM. More specifically, this paper envisions utilizing the wearer's own sweat or perspiration to remove heat from the hot side of the TEM. Many different methods can be used to transport sweat from a first part of the garment to a second part, where one or more TEMs are located. Once transported to the area where the TEM is located, the evaporation of sweat helps dissipate heat from the hot side of the TEM. Furthermore, because the hot side of the TEM is warmer than the wearer's body temperature, more heat is forced into the surrounding environment compared to simply sweating, which can further contribute to cooling the wearer.

[0056] Another aspect of the clothing thermal conditioning system envisioned in this paper includes attachment structures that can be used to attach one or more devices (such as one or more TEMs) to the garment. Because garments are typically formed of flexible materials, attaching rigider structures (such as TEMs) to garments without compromising their integrity, physical properties (e.g., flexibility, bendability, drape, etc.) and / or functional properties (e.g., permeability, breathability, moisture management, etc.) can be challenging. This aspect envisions a flexible, dimensionally stable frame integrated into the garment and configured to receive one or more devices, such as TEMs. The dimensionally stable frame is integrated into the garment in a manner that does not require removal, for example, before washing. In this way, the wearer can put on the garment, quickly attach one or more devices to the integrated dimensionally stable frame, and begin, for example, work or exercise.

[0057] In an exemplary aspect, the dimensional stabilizing frame includes a first surface, a second surface opposite to the first surface, and at least one aperture sized to accommodate a device such as a TEM. As used throughout this disclosure, the term "dimensionally stabilizing" can be defined as a material that exhibits the property of maintaining its original dimensions when used for its intended purpose. The first surface of the dimensional stabilizing frame is attached to the outward-facing surface of the garment article. In an exemplary aspect, an absorbent material may be applied to the second surface of the frame. As will be explained more fully below, the absorbent material may be used to collect sweat and / or water and to continuously release sweat and / or water around the hot side of the TEM to help remove heat from the TEM. Furthermore, in an exemplary aspect, the dimensional stabilizing frame may be perforated to allow sweat on the outward-facing surface of the garment article to move through the dimensional stabilizing frame to the absorbent material.

[0058] Continuing, in use, one or more TEMs can be positioned adjacent to the inward-facing surface of the garment article and releasably engage with the holes of the dimensional stabilizing frame. To facilitate attachment of the TEM to the frame, the TEM may include a base portion having a first generally flat surface and a flange portion having a second generally flat surface opposite to the first surface. The flange portion extends outward from the base portion to form a lip between the base portion and the flange portion. The holes in the dimensional stabilizing frame may have a hole size between the width of the base portion of the TEM and the width of the flange portion. When the flange portion is positioned within the holes of the dimensional stabilizing frame and a certain amount of pressure is applied, the flange portion is forced through the hole and the lip engages with the edge of the hole to hold the TEM within the frame. In this configuration, because the TEM is inserted from the inward-facing side of the garment article and the dimensional stabilizing frame is attached to the outward-facing side of the garment article, after the TEM engages with the holes of the dimensional stabilizing frame, a portion of the fabric of the garment article covers the second surface of the TEM. This facilitates the removal of heat from the TEM, as explained more fully below.

[0059] This document also envisions thermoelectric module arrays (TEM arrays). In an exemplary aspect, the TEM array may include two or more TEMs physically and electrically connected using a flexible substrate to which electronic circuitry is applied. Power supply units may also be physically and electrically connected to the TEMs using a flexible substrate. In an exemplary aspect, the flexible substrate may include an electrically insulating polyimide film, such as... In one exemplary aspect, the TEM array may include six TEMs arranged radially around a seventh TEM to form a spoke-and-hub pattern. A polyimide film connects each of the six TEMs to the seventh TEM and may also connect the TEMs to a power supply unit, such as a battery. This is merely an exemplary pattern, and other patterns are contemplated herein, such as TEMs arranged in linear, staggered, or auxetic patterns. The TEM array described herein may include additional components such as a temperature sensor for detecting the surface temperature of the wearer's skin, a microprocessor, and a controller for cycling the TEMs from an off state to an on state.

[0060] Additionally, this document relates to a garment thermal conditioning system comprising a garment article, a dimensionally stable frame described above, and a previously described TEM array. In an exemplary aspect, the garment article may be formed of a wicking material. Exemplary wicking materials may include those from Nike. These types of materials typically draw moisture from the inward-facing surface of the material to the outward-facing surface, where it can evaporate. Furthermore, a dimensional stabilizing frame can be applied to the outward-facing surface of the garment article at one or more predetermined locations. In one exemplary aspect, the predetermined locations may correspond to areas of the human body that generate high heat and / or high perspiration, as indicated by, for example, heat and sweat maps.

[0061] Continuing, the TEM array or other type of device array can be positioned at one or more predetermined locations adjacent to the inward-facing surface of the garment article, and the array can be releasably fitted into a dimensionally stable frame. When used for cooling, a first flat surface of the base portion of each TEM comprises the "cold" side of the TEM, and a second flat surface of the flange portion comprises the "hot" side of the TEM. When the garment article is in a wearing configuration, the cold side of each TEM can be positioned adjacent to the wearer's skin surface, and the hot side of each TEM can be positioned opposite the wearer's skin surface. When used for heating, the polarity of the opposing surfaces can be reversed, such that the first flat surface of the base portion comprises the "hot" side of the TEM, and the second flat surface of the flange portion comprises the "cold" side of the TEM. Furthermore, when used for recovery, the polarity of the opposing surfaces can be cycled according to a duty cycle, such that, for example, the first flat surface alternates between the "cold" and "hot" sides. Any and all aspects and their arbitrary variations are contemplated within the scope of this document. By forming clothing articles with a high degree of elasticity, which closely conform to the wearer's body surface (i.e., the clothing articles may include compression layers or base layers), it is possible to promote contact between the first flat surface of the base portion of each TEM and the wearer's skin surface.

[0062] Once the wearer begins exercising or performing his or her work duties, the wearer's body temperature rises. Additionally, the wearer may begin to sweat. Because the garment is formed of, for example, wicking material, sweat can be transported from the skin-facing side of the garment to the outside-facing side. The sweat can then pass through perforations into the dimensionally stable frame, where it is absorbed by absorbent material present on a second surface of the frame. The continued rise in the wearer's body temperature can trigger the TEM to begin cyclically switching on and off to help cool the wearer. As described, to improve the efficiency of the TEM, the heat generated on the hot side of the TEM should be removed. This is achieved, for example, by evaporative cooling, which is facilitated after the TEM is releasably fitted into the dimensionally stable frame by releasing sweat stored in the absorbent material surrounding the TEM and by releasing sweat stored in the fabric of the garment covering the hot side of the TEM. For example, because the fabric is wicking, it can help transport sweat accumulated in the absorbent material surrounding the TEM to the hot side of the TEM. The evaporation of sweat from the absorbent material surrounding the TEM and the fabric positioned adjacent to the hot side of the TEM helps transfer heat from the hot side of the TEM to the surrounding environment.

[0063] Therefore, this document discloses an attachment structure for attaching at least one device to a garment article. The attachment structure includes a dimensional stabilizing frame having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, wherein the dimensional stabilizing frame has at least one hole operable to receive the device, and wherein the first surface of the dimensional stabilizing frame is attached to a first surface of the garment article. The attachment structure also includes an absorbent material applied to the second surface of the dimensional stabilizing frame.

[0064] In another aspect, an attachment structure is provided for attaching a plurality of devices to a garment article. The attachment structure includes a dimensional stabilizing frame having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, wherein the dimensional stabilizing frame includes a plurality of holes, each operable as a receiving device. The first surface of the dimensional stabilizing frame is attached to a first surface of the garment article.

[0065] In another aspect, a garment article is provided having an attachment structure for attaching at least one device to the garment article. The garment article includes a flexible material forming the garment article, wherein the flexible material forms an outward-facing surface and an inward-facing surface of the garment article. The garment article also includes a dimensional stabilizing frame formed of an absorbent material, wherein the dimensional stabilizing frame has a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface. The first surface of the dimensional stabilizing frame is attached to the outward-facing surface of the garment article at a predetermined location on the garment article, and the dimensional stabilizing frame includes at least one aperture operable as a receiving device.

[0066] Continuing, another aspect of this document provides a garment thermal conditioning system. The garment thermal conditioning system includes: 1) a garment article formed of a flexible material, wherein the garment article has an outward-facing surface and an inward-facing surface; 2) a dimensional stabilizing frame having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, wherein the dimensional stabilizing frame includes at least one hole, and wherein the first surface of the dimensional stabilizing frame is attached to the outward-facing surface of the garment article at a predetermined position; 3) an absorbent material applied to the second surface of the dimensional stabilizing frame; and 4) at least one thermoelectric module having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, wherein the first surface of the thermoelectric module is positioned adjacent to the inward-facing surface of the garment article and releasably positioned within the hole of the dimensional stabilizing frame.

[0067] Another aspect of this document provides a thermoelectric module array comprising a plurality of thermoelectric modules, each having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface. The thermoelectric module array also includes a flexible substrate having electronic circuitry applied thereon, wherein the flexible substrate is physically and electrically coupled to each of the plurality of thermoelectric modules.

[0068] Another aspect described herein provides a thermoelectric module array comprising a plurality of thermoelectric modules, each having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface. The thermoelectric module array also includes a flexible substrate physically and electrically coupled to each of the plurality of thermoelectric modules; the flexible substrate includes an electrically insulating layer having electronic circuitry applied thereto.

[0069] Another aspect provides a garment thermal conditioning system comprising a garment article formed of a flexible material and having an outer-facing surface and an inner-facing surface. The garment thermal conditioning system further includes an array of thermoelectric modules positioned adjacent to and releasably coupled to the inner-facing surface of the garment article, wherein the thermoelectric module array includes: 1) a plurality of thermoelectric modules, each having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface; 2) a flexible substrate having electronic circuitry applied thereto, wherein the flexible substrate is physically and electrically coupled to each of the plurality of thermoelectric modules; and 3) a power supply unit electrically coupled to the flexible substrate.

[0070] As used throughout this disclosure, positional terms such as “front,” “back,” “lower,” “upper,” “outer,” “inner,” “inward-facing,” and “outward-facing” used when describing, for example, clothing, will be given their usual meanings relative to clothing intended to be worn by a hypothetical wearer standing in an anatomical position. Unless otherwise stated, terms such as “attached,” “joined,” and “secured” may mean releasably attaching two or more elements together using, for example, structural differences between components, releasable adhesives, snaps, buttons, hook-and-loop fasteners, etc. These terms may also mean permanently attaching two or more elements together using, for example, stitching, bonding, adhesives, welding, etc. Unless otherwise stated, terms such as “proximate” may mean within a range of 0.5 cm to 30 cm from a specified reference point.

[0071] Size-stabilized frame

[0072] Now go to Figure 1 The illustrations herein depict a perspective view of a portion of a textile layer having an exemplary attachment structure, generally indicated by the numeral 100. In the exemplary aspect, the attachment structure may be used to attach one or more rigid-type devices to the textile. As used throughout this disclosure, the term "device" is intended to encompass devices such as TEMs, radio frequency identification (RFID) tags; electronic devices such as physiological sensors (heart rate sensors, temperature sensors, respiration sensors, sweat sensors, etc.); global positioning system (GPS) devices; monitoring devices; power supply units (e.g., batteries) or energy storage devices; lighting devices (e.g., lamp devices having a light source such as LEDs), etc.

[0073] Figure 1 An attachment structure in the form of a textile layer 110 and a dimensional stabilizing frame 112 is depicted. The textile layer 110 can be incorporated into clothing articles and can therefore generally comprise a flexible material, such as a knitted or woven material. In an exemplary aspect, the textile layer 110 may include a wicking fabric configured to transport moisture from one surface of the textile layer 110 to an opposite second surface of the textile layer 110 using, for example, capillary action, a denier differential mechanism, etc.

[0074] Frame 112 is formed of a flexible but dimensionally stable material. In one exemplary aspect, frame 112 may include a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) film, which may optionally be perforated, and an optional absorbent material may be applied thereon. Other materials for the dimensionally stable frame 112 are contemplated herein, such as polyurethane films, plastic films, non-woven materials, polystyrene films, rubber films, silicone films, spandex materials, etc. In an exemplary aspect, frame 112 may have a minimum thickness of 100 micrometers. In an exemplary aspect, frame 112 may have a thickness of approximately 0.5 millimeters; however, thicknesses greater than this are contemplated herein.

[0075] In an exemplary aspect, the absorbent material may include hydrogels, nonwoven materials such as spacer mesh or felt material, knit pile material, cellulose- or fiber-based products such as sponge material, superabsorbent polymers (SAP), combinations of these materials such as hydrogels mixed with fibers, etc. In an exemplary aspect, the absorbent material is configured to absorb at least five times its own volume of water and / or sweat. Furthermore, the absorbent material may be selected such that it releases water (continuously or intermittently). Figure 2 The absorbent material is shown in more detail below. In another exemplary aspect, the frame 112 may be formed of a dimensionally stable absorbent material without a TPU membrane layer. This is in Figure 3 This is illustrated in more detail below. Examples of dimensionally stable absorbent materials may include, for example, nonwoven materials, such as spacer mesh or felt materials; however, other dimensionally stable absorbent materials are envisioned herein.

[0076] Frame 112 includes a first surface (not shown) integrated into textile layer 110 via a first surface 114 attached to textile layer 110. When incorporated into a garment article, the first surface 114 of textile layer 110 forms the outward-facing surface of the garment article. Frame 112 also includes a second surface 116. A plurality of holes 118, defined by the edges 119 of each free hole, extend through frame 112 but not through textile layer 110, thereby helping to maintain the structural integrity of textile layer 110. Although the holes 118 are shown as circular, it is contemplated herein that they may take on different shapes depending on the shape of the device to be inserted into the holes 118. For example, if the device has a triangular profile, then the holes 118 may have a triangular shape. Any and all aspects and arbitrary variations thereof are contemplated within the scope of this document.

[0077] Continuing, as Figure 1 As shown, an exemplary pattern of holes 118 may include six holes 118 arranged radially in a spoke-like pattern around a seventh central hole 118. This is merely exemplary, and it is contemplated herein that holes 118 may be arranged in different patterns (e.g., linear patterns, staggered patterns, stretch patterns, etc.) and / or may include fewer or more than seven holes. Any and all aspects and their arbitrary variations are contemplated within the scope of this document. Each hole 118 may have a diameter 122 between 23.0 mm and 26.0 mm, between 23.3 mm and 25.6 mm, and / or between 23.6 mm and 25.6 mm; however, diameters above and below these values ​​are contemplated herein.

[0078] Figure 2 An exploded diagram of an exemplary construction of the attachment structure according to aspects of this document is shown and is generally represented by the number 200. Figure 2 The text depicts a textile layer 210, a dimensional stabilizing frame 212, and an absorbent material 218. The textile layer 210 may include... Figure 1 The textile layer 110. The dimensionally stable frame 212 may be formed of, for example, a flexible TPU or PU film. In an exemplary aspect, the frame 212 includes a plurality of perforations 214 extending therethrough and holes 216 extending therethrough. The holes 216 may include Figure 1 The hole 118. The perforation 214 is smaller than the hole 216 and may have a diameter between, for example, 1.0 mm and 5.0 mm. As will be described below, the perforation 214 can help allow sweat or moisture present on the textile layer 110 to pass through the frame 212 to reach the absorbent material 218.

[0079] Regarding the absorbent material 218, when the absorbent material 218 exhibits some type of dimensional stability, such as when the absorbent material comprises knitted loops or nonwoven structures (e.g., spacer nets, felt articles), pores 220 may be formed in the absorbent material 218, or the absorbent material 218 may be formed to include pores 220. However, in cases where the absorbent material 218 comprises, for example, hydrogels or SAPs that may lack dimensional stability, the absorbent material 218 may not include a separate layer with pores 220, and instead the absorbent material 218 may be applied directly to the frame 212.

[0080] When the attachment structure is assembled, the frame 212 is applied to the surface of the textile layer 210 using, for example, a breathable adhesive, a discontinuous adhesive film (i.e., a film with one or more openings), an adhesive applied in a dot pattern, spot welding, and / or stitching or bonding along the perimeter of each, so as not to block the perforations 214 and so as not to impede the passage of sweat or moisture from the textile layer 210 to the absorbent material 218. In some cases, the frame 212 may be permanently attached to the textile layer 210, while in other cases, it is conceivable that the frame 212 may be releasably attached to the textile layer 210.

[0081] Continuing, when the absorbent material 218 exhibits dimensional stability, it can be permanently or releasably secured to the frame 212 such that the holes 220 of the absorbent material 218 are axially aligned with the holes 216 of the frame 212. The absorbent material 218 can be secured to the frame 212 by a breathable adhesive, a discontinuous adhesive film, an adhesive applied in a dot pattern, spot welding, and / or stitching or bonding along the perimeter of each, so as not to block the perforations 214 and impede the passage of sweat or moisture from the textile layer 210 to the absorbent material 218. In those cases where the absorbent material 218 is dimensionally unstable, it can be applied to the frame 212 via, for example, printing, spraying, transfer printing, manual application, etc.

[0082] Figure 3 An exploded view of another exemplary construction of the attachment structure according to aspects of this document is depicted and is generally indicated by the numeral 300. This construction includes a textile layer 310 and a dimensional stabilizing frame, the textile layer 310 including... Figure 1 The textile layer 110 has a dimensionally stable frame formed of a dimensionally stable absorbent material 312 (such as, for example, knitted terry cloth, felt, spacer mesh, other nonwoven materials, etc.). Holes 314 (such as holes 118) may be formed through the absorbent material 312, or the absorbent material 312 may be pre-formed to include holes 314.

[0083] During assembly, the dimensionally stable absorbent material 312 is permanently or releasably applied to the textile layer 310 using, for example, a breathable adhesive, a discontinuous adhesive film, an adhesive applied in a dot pattern, spot welding, and / or stitching or bonding along the perimeter of each, so as to allow sweat or moisture on the textile layer 310 to flow freely to the dimensionally stable absorbent material 312.

[0084] Figure 4A , Figure 4B and Figure 5Another alternative construction of the attachment structure according to aspects of this paper is described. In some exemplary aspects, absorbent materials such as hydrogels, fiber-blended hydrogels, or SAPs can be directly applied to textiles using processes such as screen printing, 3-dimensional printing, or transfer printing. For example, Figure 4A A first surface of textile 400 is depicted, on which absorbent material 410 has been applied in an exemplary pattern. In an exemplary aspect, when textile 400 is used to form a garment article, the first surface of textile 400 may include the outward-facing surface of the garment article. Figure 4A The pattern shown may include lines 412 of absorbent material 410, which are thinner at the ends and thicker in the middle. In other words, the volume or amount of absorbent material 410 in the middle of the line 412 may be larger than that at the ends. Figure 4A As shown, the threads 412 can be grouped into sets, such as thread sets 412a, 412b, and 412c. Alternatively, the threads 412 can be distributed uniformly on the textile 400 instead of being grouped. When the textile 400 is incorporated into a garment heat-regulating system, the hot side of the first TEM can be positioned adjacent to thread set 412a, the hot side of the second TEM can be positioned adjacent to thread set 412b, and the hot side of the third TEM can be positioned adjacent to thread set 412c. In each case, the hot side of the TEM can be positioned adjacent to the center of the threads 412, such that the largest volume of absorbent material 410 is positioned adjacent to the hot side of the TEM. Regarding alternative configurations where the threads 412 are uniformly distributed on the textile 400, one or more TEMs can be positioned such that the largest volume of absorbent material 410 is positioned adjacent to the hot side of the TEM.

[0085] According to this article, Figure 4B Another exemplary pattern of absorbent material is depicted in the image. Figure 4B Textile 450 is depicted, and absorbent material 452 has been applied to textile 450 in an exemplary pattern. In this case, the pattern includes a series of intersecting lines that are grouped into groups, such as group 454, group 456, group 458, and group 460. Similar to... Figure 4AThe pattern shown depicts lines that are generally thinner at each end and thicker in the middle. Due to the intersecting nature of the lines, the largest volume or amount of absorbent material 452 can be found at the center of each group 454, 456, 458, and 460. Alternatively, instead of being grouped, the intersecting lines can be distributed across the textile 450, with the largest volume or amount of absorbent material 452 located approximately at the center of the intersecting lines. When the textile 450 is incorporated into a garment heat-regulating system, the hot side of the first TEM can be positioned adjacent to group 454, the hot side of the second TEM can be positioned adjacent to group 456, the hot side of the third TEM can be positioned adjacent to group 458, and the hot side of the fourth TEM can be positioned adjacent to group 460. In each case, the hot side of the TEM can be positioned adjacent to the largest volume of absorbent material 452 in each group 454, 456, 458, and 460. As an alternative configuration where the intersecting lines are uniformly distributed across the textile 450, one or more TEMs can be positioned such that the largest volume of absorbent material 452 is positioned adjacent to the hot side of the TEM.

[0086] Figure 4A and Figure 4B The absorbent material patterns shown are merely exemplary, and other patterns are contemplated herein. Furthermore, the number of absorbent material groups shown in these figures is merely exemplary, and fewer or more groups are contemplated herein. Each absorbent material pattern contemplated herein generally comprises an area with a smaller volume of absorbent material adjoining an area with a larger volume of absorbent material. The area with the smaller amount of absorbent material can help direct moisture or sweat to the area with the larger volume of absorbent material, where the moisture or sweat is concentrated and subsequently released.

[0087] Figure 5 Overall, it is represented by the number 500. Figure 5 Provided for illustration, for example Figure 4A and Figure 4B The diagram illustrates how the absorbing material pattern is used in relation to attachment structures for attaching a TEM to a flexible material. More specifically, Figure 5 The text describes a textile layer 510 and an absorbent material 512 applied to the first surface of the textile layer 510. (The text is incomplete and requires further context.) Figure 4A and Figure 4BAs shown, the absorbent material 512 may be thinner or have a smaller volume at the periphery of the pattern, and thicker or have a larger volume at the central portion of the pattern, as indicated by reference numeral 513. A dimensionally stable frame 514 with holes 515 defined by hole edges 516 may be applied to a first surface of the textile layer 510 such that the holes 515 are positioned on the central portion 513 of the absorbent material pattern (the portion with the largest volume of absorbent material). When the TEM is positioned adjacent to the second surface of the textile layer 510 and releasably fitted into the frame 514, the thermal side of the TEM positions the central portion 513 adjacent to the absorbent material pattern.

[0088] This paper also envisions using hydrophobic treatments applied to textiles to help drive moisture to the desired location. For example, see reference... Figure 4A Textile 400 can be formed of a moisture-wicking material, and a hydrophobic treatment can be applied to textile 400. Figure 4A In this context, the hydrophobic treatment can be represented by the white area shown between the black lines 412. In this case, the lines 412 can represent the underlying absorbent textile 400 rather than the applied absorbent material 410. Alternatively, the lines 412 can still represent the applied absorbent material 410. In either case, the use of the hydrophobic treatment can help drive or direct moisture to the lines 412, thereby further promoting the collection of sweat or water at the central portion of the lines 412.

[0089] Figure 6 Further exemplary constructions of the attachment structure according to aspects of this document are depicted and are generally represented by the numeral 600. Figure 6 A textile layer 610 is depicted, to which a flexible dimension-stabilizing frame 612 is applied. The dimension-stabilizing frame 612 includes a single aperture 614 defined by an aperture edge 616. The dimension-stabilizing frame 612 may include absorbent material, or absorbent material may be applied to the frame 612. The aperture 614 may have a diameter 618, the size of which is designed to accommodate a ratio of, for example, [missing information]. Figures 1 to 3 The described device is applicable to larger devices, such as larger TEMs. In an exemplary aspect, the aperture diameter 618 can be between 3.0 and 8.0 cm, between 4.0 and 7.0 cm, and / or between 3.0 and 5.0 cm; however, diameters above or below these values ​​are contemplated herein. Similar to the configuration described above, the diameter 618 of the aperture 614 can be between the diameter of the base portion of the larger device and the diameter of the flange portion of the larger device.

[0090] In one exemplary aspect, instead of using a dimensional stabilizing frame (such as the dimensional stabilizing frame described above), a portion of the textile itself can be manipulated to form a mating structure designed to receive a device such as a TEM. This aspect is shown in Figure 16A and Figure 16B middle, Figure 16A and Figure 16B Perspective views are depicted of a first surface and an opposite second surface of a flexible textile 1600 adapted to receive one or more devices (such as a TEM). For example, Figure 16A The first surface 1610 of the textile 1600 is depicted. The mating structure 1614 is shown as depressions or offsets from the first surface 1610 of the textile 1600 along the negative z-direction. The mating structure 1614 is designed to... Figure 1 The size-stabilized frame 112 shows a pattern arrangement similar to the pattern shown, however, other patterns are also envisioned in this paper. Figure 16B The second surface 1612 of the textile 1600 is depicted. Figure 16B In the diagram, the mating structure 1614 is shown as a projection or offset portion extending from the second surface 1612 of the textile 1600 along the positive z-direction. The projection and... Figure 16A The recesses shown are complementary. When textile 1600 is incorporated into clothing items... Figure 16A The recess shown will be on the inward-facing surface of the garment item, while Figure 16B The protrusion shown will be on the outward-facing surface of the garment. Figure 16A and Figure 16B The number and pattern of mating structures 1614 shown are merely exemplary, and other patterns and numbers of mating structures 1614 are contemplated herein.

[0091] The mating structure 1614 can be formed by manipulating a knitted or woven pattern used to form the textile 1600. The mating structure 1614 can also be formed by changing the type of yarn used to form the textile 1600. For example, a thermosetting yarn, such as thermoplastic polyurethane yarn, can be used. The mating structure 1614 can then be formed using a thermoforming process. In use, the heated side of the TEM can be positioned at... Figure 16AThe recess shown is within the TEM. In this case, the diameter of the TEM can be slightly larger than the diameter of the mating structure 1614, thereby ensuring that the TEM remains within the mating structure 1614 once inserted. It is also envisioned that absorbent materials such as hydrogels or SAPs can be applied to the protrusions adjacent to the mating structure 1614 and / or positioned on the protrusions of the mating structure 1614 on the second surface 1612 of the textile 1600.

[0092] As described herein, the use of a flexible, dimensionally stable frame applied to flexible textiles allows devices such as TEMs to be easily incorporated into the textile. Furthermore, due to their flexibility and light weight, the dimensionally stable frame can be easily integrated into clothing items without significantly increasing their weight, compromising their flexibility, and / or functional properties. By applying absorbent material to the dimensionally stable frame, or by forming the frame from a dimensionally stable absorbent material, moisture or sweat is concentrated and released in the area surrounding the hot side of the TEM, thus removing heat from the TEM and playing a significant role in improving its efficiency.

[0093] Thermoelectric module array

[0094] This paper also envisions a thermoelectric module array (TEM array) that can be used as part of a clothing thermal conditioning system for heating or cooling the wearer. Figure 7 An exemplary TEM array is illustrated and is generally designated by the numeral 700. In one exemplary configuration, the TEM array 700 includes devices 710, 712, 714, 716, 718, 720, and 722. Each of devices 712, 714, 716, 718, 720, and 722 may be physically and electrically connected to each other using an electrically insulating film 726 and flexible electronic circuitry 728. The exemplary film may include, for example, a polyimide film, such as... Conductive polyesters, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), etc. In an exemplary aspect, the membrane 726 may be configured to exhibit tensile properties (e.g., biaxially stretched and / or tetraaxially stretched). In other words, the membrane 726 may be elastic in addition to being electrically insulating. In an exemplary aspect, electronic circuitry 728 may be formed on the membrane 726 using printing and / or photolithography techniques. In another example, electronic circuitry 728 may include flexible flat cables (FFCs) laminated between layers of the membrane 726. In one exemplary aspect, the membrane 726 and electronic circuitry 728 may be physically and electrically coupled to a power supply unit 730, such as a battery cell, located approximately 4.0 to 8.0 cm from the device 716. The power supply unit 730 may be bipolar, enabling it to perform heating and cooling.

[0095] In exemplary aspects, each of devices 710, 712, 714, 716, 718, 720, and 722 may include a TEM. However, it is also contemplated herein that one or more of devices 710, 712, 714, 716, 718, 720, or 722 may include a power supply unit such as a battery. It is also contemplated herein that one or more of devices 710, 712, 714, 716, 718, 720, or 722 may include sensors, such as temperature sensors for detecting the temperature of a wearer's skin and / or the temperature of ambient air. Similarly, one or more of devices 710, 712, 714, 716, 718, 720, or 722 may include a microprocessor. In some cases, the temperature sensor, microprocessor, and / or power supply unit may be integrated within the TEM.

[0096] Regarding the use of a microprocessor, the microprocessor can be programmed, for example, to change the polarity of the TEM, such that the cold side of the TEM becomes the hot side, and vice versa. The microprocessor can also be programmed, for example, to cycle the TEM array 700 from an on state to an off state based on the duty cycle, based on input received from the user, and / or based on the temperature detected by a temperature sensor, and vice versa. Additionally, the microprocessor can be programmed to regulate the amount of current and / or voltage supplied to the TEM array 700 to achieve a predetermined temperature or temperature range for the hot or cold side of the TEM. In one exemplary aspect, the microprocessor can be adapted via, for example... Near-field communication or other wireless technologies communicate with mobile applications. In this way, the microprocessor can be programmed via the mobile application. Similarly, in an exemplary aspect, the microprocessor can be adapted to use... Near-field communication or other wireless technologies communicate with the TEM in array 700; however, wired communication is also envisioned in this paper.

[0097] Continuing, in one example, the microprocessor can be programmed to maintain the cold side of each TEM between 10°C and 20°C when the TEM is used for cooling. In an exemplary aspect, when used for heating, the microprocessor can be programmed to maintain the hot side of each TEM between 30°C and 45°C. Furthermore, the microprocessor can be programmed to change the polarity of the TEM to cycle one side of the TEM from a cold state to a hot state, thereby facilitating recovery from, for example, exercise. This document envisions that the microprocessor can be programmed to selectively activate one or more TEMs in an array. For example, the first and second TEMs can be activated, but the third and fourth TEMs cannot. Other selective activation schemes are envisioned.

[0098] Another programmable aspect envisioned in this paper is the ability to program maximum and / or minimum temperature limits, which, when triggered, cause the microprocessor to completely shut down the TEM array 700 or one or more TEMs in the array 700 to improve wearer safety. For example, a maximum temperature of 50°C can be set for the hot side of the TEM (i.e., the side exposed to ambient air) to prevent overheating. A maximum temperature of 40°C can be set for the cold side of the TEM to prevent burns to the wearer's skin. A minimum temperature, such as 5°C, can be set for the cold side of the TEM to prevent frostbite to the wearer's skin. Another safety measure envisioned in this paper is limiting the maximum voltage of each TEM to less than 12V to prevent accidental electric shock.

[0099] When incorporated as part of a garment thermal conditioning system, multiple TEM arrays can be used on garment articles to provide heated and / or cooled zones to different areas of the garment. In this respect, each TEM array may include its own microprocessor and / or sensor. Therefore, each array can be independently adjusted to provide customized heating or cooling to different areas of the garment.

[0100] When configured as a TEM, each device 710, 712, 714, 716, 718, 720, and 722 may include, for example, a cold side plate, a thermoelectric chip (TEC), an insulating ring, and a hot side plate. This is shown in Figure 9 middle, Figure 9 An exploded view of an exemplary TEM 900 is depicted. (As shown) Figure 9As shown, TEM 900 may include a cold side plate 910 formed of, for example, anodized aluminum, a sealed TEC 912, an isolation ring 914 formed of, for example, closed-cell foam material, and a hot side plate 916 formed of, for example, anodized aluminum.

[0101] The anodized aluminum on the cold side plate 910 and hot side plate 916 of the TEM 900 acts as a secondary electrical insulation barrier between the TEC 912 and the wearer's body. The TEC 912 is coated with an electrically insulating material to prevent direct electrical contact with other components of the TEM 900. The electrically insulating material surrounding the TEC 912 also serves as a moisture barrier. The top and bottom plates of the TEC 912 may include electrically insulating alumina ceramic, which helps to insulate the top and bottom plates of the TEC 912 from other components within the TEC 912. Although not shown, any leadwires connected to the TEM 900 may also be insulated. Additionally, the insulating ring 914 not only provides support against mechanical shock but also helps to insulate the hot side plate 916 from the cold side plate 910. It also helps to prevent moisture from entering the TEM 900.

[0102] The different components described above can be assembled by mounting the TEC 912 on the cold side plate 910 and bonding the hot side plate 916 to the cold side plate 910 via an insulating ring 914 using, for example, epoxy resin. Once assembled, the TEM 900 can be sealed to further reduce the risk of moisture entering the TEM 900.

[0103] Reference Figure 8A and Figure 8B It provides a description of the external structure of each device 710, 712, 714, 716, 718, 720 and 722. Figure 8A A side view of an exemplary device 800, such as a TEM, is depicted, and Figure 8B A top view of a device 800 according to an aspect thereof is depicted. In an exemplary aspect, the device 800 includes a cylindrical base portion 810 having a first flat surface 812, and a cylindrical flange portion 814 adjoining the cylindrical base portion 810 and extending radially from the cylindrical base portion 810. The flange portion 814 includes a generally flat second surface 816 opposite to the first surface 812. In an exemplary aspect, the first surface 812 includes the cold side of the device 800 when configured as a TEM, and the second surface 816 includes the hot side of the device 800 when configured as a TEM.

[0104] In an exemplary aspect, the cylindrical base portion 810 may have a diameter 818 between 21.0 mm and 23.0 mm, between 22.0 mm and 23.0 mm, between 22.4 mm and 22.8 mm, and / or between 22.5 mm and 22.7 mm; however, diameters above and below these values ​​are contemplated herein. Figure 8B As can be seen, the flange portion 814 can have a diameter 820 between 27.0 mm and 29.0 mm, between 28.0 mm and 29.0 mm, between 28.4 mm and 28.8 mm, and / or between 28.5 mm and 28.7 mm; however, diameters above and below these values ​​are contemplated herein. Typically, the diameter 820 of the flange portion 814 can be approximately 6.0 mm larger than the diameter 818 of the base portion 810. In other words, the flange portion 814 can extend radially from the cylindrical base portion 810 by approximately 3.0 mm (as shown by...). Figure 8B (as indicated by reference number 824 in the text) to form Figure 8A The lip margin 822 is shown in the image.

[0105] Further exemplary shape configurations and structures are envisioned for devices 710, 712, 714, 716, 718, 720, and 722. For example, such as... Figure 17A As shown, the second surface 816 of the flange portion 814 can be formed with a series of protrusions 1710 and grooves 1712 to increase its surface area. By increasing the surface area of ​​the second surface 816 (i.e., the hot side of the TEM), the area through which heat can be dissipated from the TEM can be increased, thereby further improving the efficiency of the TEM.

[0106] According to the aspects in this article, in Figure 17B and Figure 17C The diagram shows alternative shape configurations of devices 710, 712, 714, 716, 718, 720, and 722. For example, Figure 17B A top view of TEM 1720 is shown, illustrating its triangular shape. More specifically, the flange portion 1722 and the base portion 1724 of TEM 1720 have a triangular shape (shown by dashed lines). Similar to the device 800 described above, the flange portion 1722 may extend beyond the base portion 1724 to form a lip, which can be used to secure TEM 1720 within a similarly shaped hole in a dimensional stabilizing frame. Figure 17CA top view of TEM 1740 is illustrated, showing its square shape. More specifically, the flange portion 1742 and the base portion 1744 of TEM 1740 have a square shape (shown by dashed lines). Similar to TEM 1720 described above, the flange portion 1742 may extend beyond the base portion 1744 to form a lip, which can be used to secure TEM 1740 within a similarly shaped hole in a dimensional stabilizing frame. Other shapes of TEMs are envisioned herein.

[0107] In an exemplary aspect, the shape of the TEM can be selected to maintain the flexibility, drape, and / or bendability of the garment article incorporating the TEM as part of a heat-regulating system. For example, by constructing the TEM with a triangular shape, a greater number of flexion points between adjacent TEMs can be achieved compared to, for example, using a square-shaped TEM. This, in turn, can help maintain the bendability of the garment article.

[0108] The array of devices described in this article can present many different patterns or configurations. For example, refer to Figure 7 Devices 710, 712, 714, 716, 718, and 720 are radially arranged around device 722, with device 722 centrally located between the other devices 710, 712, 714, 716, 718, and 720 to form a spoke-and-spoke pattern. When incorporated into garment articles, the use of, for example, five to seven TEMs arranged in a radial pattern provides sufficient cooling or heating area without significantly impairing the flexibility, drape, and / or functional characteristics of the garment article. To provide sufficient cooling or heating area without having a large footprint, adjacent devices in array 700 may have a center-to-center offset 724 between 2.5 cm and 4.0 cm, between 3.0 cm and 3.8 cm, and / or between 3.4 cm and 3.6 cm; however, the center-to-center offset 724 may be greater than or less than these values.

[0109] As mentioned, this paper envisions that the array of devices could present other patterns, such as linear patterns, staggered patterns, and stretching patterns. For example, Figure 18A An array 1800 is depicted, comprising devices 1810, 1812, 1814, and 1816 arranged in a linear pattern according to aspects herein. Devices 1810, 1812, 1814, and 1816 may be physically and electrically connected using an electrically insulating film 1818. Figure 18BAn array 1850 is depicted, comprising devices 1852, 1854, 1856, and 1858 arranged in a staggered linear pattern according to aspects herein. Devices 1852, 1854, 1856, and 1858 may be physically and electrically connected using an electrically insulating film 1860.

[0110] Continue, Figure 18C An array 1880 of devices 1882 constructed in a stretch pattern according to aspects thereof is depicted. The devices 1882 are positioned adjacent to each other and interconnected by a series of spokes 1884. In an exemplary aspect, each spoke 1884 may be hingedly attached to its respective device 1882 (as indicated by reference numeral 1886), such that the device 1882 may rotate or pivot relative to the attachment point of the spoke 1884. In an exemplary aspect, the rotation or pivoting of the device 1882 relative to the attachment point of the spoke 1884 occurs in the same plane as the spoke 1884. Depending on the specific spoke construction, each device 1882 may be connected to up to three to six adjacent devices 1882. In an exemplary aspect, the spokes 1884 may include an electrically insulating material, such as… Figure 7 The membrane 726, the electrically insulating material, has or contains flexible electronic circuitry, such as... Figure 7 Circuit 728. Therefore, in addition to forming a hinged attachment between devices 1882, spokes 1884 can also be used to electrically interconnect devices 1882. However, it is also contemplated herein that devices 1882 can be electrically connected by other devices besides spokes 1884. Any and all aspects and their arbitrary variations are contemplated within the scope of this document.

[0111] Continuing, the use of hingedly attached spokes 1884 enables array 1880 to present a tensile pattern (i.e., a pattern or structure exhibiting a negative Poisson's ratio, which causes the pattern to become thicker in the direction perpendicular to the applied force). For example, as Figure 18D As shown, as indicated by arrow 1888, a force is applied to array 1880. Because device 1882 pivots relative to spokes 1884, array 1880 becomes wider in the direction perpendicular to the applied force 1888. Using an array exhibiting a stretch pattern (such as array 1880) can help increase the flexibility and / or drape of array 1880, making it easier to conform to the wearer's surface morphology when incorporated into clothing items.

[0112] A specific device array pattern (e.g., spoke-shaped, linear, staggered, stretched, etc.) can be selected based on the array's position on the garment. For example, and as described in more detail below, a linear or staggered array of devices may be sufficient for areas of the garment located adjacent to relatively flat body surfaces or areas of the body that do not generate a large amount of heat, or for areas of the garment that experience very little movement (e.g., the sleeves of a shirt). Spoke-shaped or stretched patterns can be used for areas of the garment located adjacent to more convex or concave body surfaces (shoulders, hips, upper chest, etc.) or areas of the body that generate more heat, or for areas of the garment that experience significant bending / expansion during activity. These are merely examples, and the positioning of a particular array pattern may differ from the described positioning.

[0113] Overall return Figure 7 , Figure 10 Depicting the aspects according to this article Figure 7 The diagram shows a cross-sectional view of the membrane 726 and electronic circuit 728 taken along cutting line 10-10, generally indicated by the numeral 1000. As shown, the membrane 726 encloses and seals the electronic circuit 728 to electrically insulate it. In an exemplary aspect, the membrane 726 may optionally be positioned between additional membrane layers. These membrane layers may include, for example, thermoplastic polyurethane, polyurethane, silicone, rubber, plastic, etc. The additional membrane layers may serve as a secondary level of insulation to prevent moisture from contacting the electronic circuit 728. In an exemplary aspect, the membrane 726 and the additional membrane layers (if used) may be bonded together by a thermal bonding process to seal the resulting structure.

[0114] The TEM array described herein provides a flexible structure that can be incorporated into clothing articles to provide programmable heating, cooling, or recovery features. The array can be sized and constructed to allow for sufficiently large heating or cooling zones while still maintaining the flexibility, drape, and functional characteristics of the clothing article. Furthermore, the TEM array includes safety features designed to reduce the risk of electric shock, burns, and / or frostbite.

[0115] Clothing thermal conditioning system

[0116] This paper envisions a garment article with a thermal conditioning system designed to actively heat or cool the wearer or provide a recovery feature to the wearer when the garment article is worn. The thermal conditioning system may include, for example, the garment article and one or more TEM arrays positioned on the garment article at predetermined locations and held in place by means of one or more dimensional stabilizing frames.

[0117] Figure 11 An exploded view of a portion of a garment thermal conditioning system 1100 according to an aspect of this document is illustrated. In one exemplary aspect, the thermal conditioning system includes: 1) a TEM array 1110 having TEM 1111; 2) a flexible textile 1112; 3) a perforated dimensional stabilizing frame 1114 having holes 1115, a first surface 1122, and a second surface 1124; and 4) an absorbent material 1116 having optional holes 1117. The aspects of the TEM array 1110, the dimensional stabilizing frame 1114, and the absorbent material 1116 have been discussed above. Although a spoke-and-spoke pattern is shown with respect to the TEM array 1110, other array patterns as described herein are contemplated. Similarly, although the shape of the TEM 1111 is shown as circular, other shapes of the TEM 1111 (e.g., triangular, square, etc.) are contemplated. Any and all aspects and their arbitrary variations are contemplated within the scope of this document.

[0118] As mentioned above, textile 1112 may include a wicking fabric adapted to transport moisture from a first surface 1118 to a second surface 1120 of textile 1112. In use, the second surface 1120 of textile 1112 will comprise the outward-facing surface of the garment, and the first surface 1118 of textile 1112 will comprise the inward-facing surface of the garment. Similarly, the fabric of textile 1112 may be selected to have high heat resistance, enabling it to withstand direct contact temperatures of at least 50°C without deformation and / or significant temperature rise.

[0119] In use, the first surface 1122 of the dimension stabilizing frame 1114 is attached (releasably or permanently) to the second surface 1120 of the textile 1112, and the absorbent material 1116 is applied to the second surface 1124 of the dimension stabilizing frame 1114. The hot side of the TEM 1111 in the TEM array 1110 positions the first surface 1118 of the textile 1112 adjacent to it, such that the TEM 1111 is axially aligned with the holes 1115 of the dimension stabilizing frame 1114 and / or the holes 1117 of the absorbent material 1116. Applying upward pressure, for example, to the cold side of the TEM 1111 causes the TEM 1111 to "snap" into the holes 1115 of the dimension stabilizing frame 1114 and / or the holes 1117 of the absorbent material 1116, thereby releasably securing the TEM array 1110 to the textile 1112 while maintaining the structural integrity of the textile 1112. When the textile 1112 is no longer needed to be washed or before washing the textile 1112, the TEM array 1110 can be removed from the textile 1112 by applying downward pressure on the hot side of the TEM 1111, so that they are detached from the holes 1115.

[0120] Figure 11 The constructions shown are merely exemplary, and other constructions are contemplated herein. For example, this document contemplates in... Figure 3 The construction shown is in which the dimensionally stable framework is formed of an absorbing material. Any and all aspects and their arbitrary variations are contemplated within the scope of this document.

[0121] According to the aspects of this article, in Figure 12 The diagram shows a view of the individual TEM after it has been releasably fitted into the size-stabilized frame, and is generally indicated by the number 1200. Figure 12 TEM 1210 is depicted, having a cold sideplate 1212 and a hot sideplate 1214, wherein the cold sideplate 1212 is adapted to be positioned adjacent to the wearer's skin surface 1234. The space between the cold sideplate 1212 and the skin surface 1234 is intentionally shown to better illustrate the multiple facets of the construction. In practice, the space between the cold sideplate 1212 and the skin surface 1234 may be absent or negligible.

[0122] Figure 12A flexible textile 1216 having a first surface 1218 and an opposite second surface 1220 is also depicted; a dimensional stabilizing frame 1222 having a first surface 1224, an opposite second surface 1226, and a hole defined by a hole edge 1232; and an absorbent material 1228 applied to the second surface 1226 of the dimensional stabilizing frame 1222. A hot side plate 1214 of the TEM 1210 is positioned adjacent to the first surface 1218 of the textile 1216 (away from the skin surface 1234), and a first surface 1224 of the dimensional stabilizing frame 1222 is positioned adjacent to the second surface 1220 of the textile 1216. Although the terms “hot side” and “cold side” are used to describe this configuration, it is contemplated herein that a cold side plate 1212 may actually include a hot side, depending on the polarity of the TEM 1210, and similarly, a hot side plate 1214 may include a cold side. Any and all aspects and their arbitrary variations are contemplated within the scope of this document.

[0123] TEM 1210 has targeted Figure 8A and Figure 8B The structure depicted in the device 800 shown. For example, TEM 1210 has a flange portion including a hot side plate 1214, wherein the flange portion extends radially from a cylindrical base portion including a cold side plate 1212 to form a lip 1230 extending circumferentially around the cylindrical base portion of TEM 1210. (See also: Regarding...) Figure 8A and Figure 8B As described, the diameter of the hole in the dimensionally stable frame 1222 is between the diameter of the cylindrical base portion and the diameter of the flange portion of the TEM 1210.

[0124] Figure 13 yes Figure 12 A magnified view taken at the indicated area, illustrating how the lip 1230 of TEM 1210 helps to secure TEM 1210 within the dimensionally stable frame 1222. Figure 13 As shown, once inserted into the hole of the size-stabilizing frame 1222 by applying pressure to, for example, the cold side plate 1212 of the TEM 1210, the lip 1230 rests on the second surface 1226 of the size-stabilizing frame 1222. To remove the TEM 1210 from the size-stabilizing frame 1222, downward pressure can be applied to the hot side plate 1214 to disengage the TEM 1210. Furthermore, as... Figure 12 and Figure 13 As shown, once engaged with the dimensional stabilizing frame 1222, the textile 1216 covers the thermal side plate 1214 of the TEM 1210 and / or is positioned adjacent to the thermal side plate 1214 of the TEM 1210.

[0125] Now go to Figure 14 and Figure 15According to this article, front and rear perspective views of a garment article 1400 with a heat-regulating system are depicted respectively. Although shown in the form of a shirt, this article envisions the garment article 1400 as trousers, shorts, compression sleeves for the arms or legs, headbands, shoes, etc.

[0126] The garment article 1400 includes at least a torso portion 1410 (e.g., a front portion and a rear portion) adapted to cover the torso area of ​​a wearer when the garment article 1400 is in a wearing configuration. The torso portion 1410 defines at least a neck opening 1412 and a waist opening 1414. The garment article 1400 may also optionally include sleeve portions 1411 and 1413 adapted to cover the wearer's arms when the garment article 1400 is worn. In an exemplary aspect, the garment article 1400 may include a form-fitting apparel item formed of a material exhibiting moderate to high elasticity, such that the garment article 1400 generally conforms to the wearer's body surface when worn.

[0127] Thermal control system 1416, such as Figure 11 The heat regulation system shown is positioned on the front aspect of the torso portion 1410 near the neck opening 1412. Figure 14 (As can be seen in the image), and the thermal regulation system 1510 is shown positioned near the neck opening 1412 on the back aspect of the torso portion 1410. Figure 15 (See below). As used herein, the term "close to" means within 5 cm to 25 cm of the neck opening 1412. Similarly, thermal conditioning system 1426 is shown positioned on sleeve portion 1413 (a similar thermal conditioning system may also be positioned on sleeve portion 1411). Thermal conditioning systems 1416 and 1510 are positioned generally along the vertical center lines of the front and rear of the garment article 1400. The areas in which thermal conditioning systems 1416 and 1510 are positioned generally correspond to high-heat and / or high-perspiration areas of the human body, such as based on, for example, thermograms and perspiration maps. The area in which thermal conditioning system 1426 is positioned may generally correspond to medium-heat to low-heat areas. In an exemplary aspect, each thermal conditioning system 1416, 1510, and 1426 includes a cooling (or heating or recovery) zone on the garment article 1400.

[0128] In an exemplary aspect, the thermal conditioning system 1416 may include a dimensional stabilizing frame 1418 attached to the garment article 1400, and the TEM 1420 fitting into the dimensional stabilizing frame 1418. Membranes and electronic circuitry 1422 for physically and electrically connecting the TEM 1420 are shown in dashed lines to indicate that they are located on the inward-facing surface of the garment article 1400. A power supply unit 1424 is also shown as physically and electrically connected to the TEM 1420 via the membranes and electronic circuitry 1422. The power supply unit 1424 is also shown in dashed lines to indicate that it may be located on the inward-facing surface of the garment article. However, in some aspects, it is contemplated that the power supply unit 1424 may be positioned on the outward-facing surface of the garment article 1400. The power supply unit 1424 may be secured to the garment article 1400 using, for example, a pocket, a releasable fastener system such as a hook-and-loop fastener, snaps, buttons, etc. Furthermore, it is contemplated that the power supply unit 1424 may be configured as one of the devices in the TEM array as described above. Therefore, the power supply unit 1424 may not include, for example... Figure 14 The individual units shown are shown. Any and all aspects and their arbitrary variations are contemplated within the scope of this document. The description of thermal conditioning system 1416 is equally applicable to thermal conditioning systems 1510 and 1426. Additionally, this document contemplates that clothing article 1400 may include additional thermal conditioning systems positioned on clothing article 1400 at locations corresponding to high to medium heating and / or sweating zones. In one example, clothing article may include between one and fifteen thermal conditioning systems to provide a corresponding number of heating or cooling zones.

[0129] In use, the wearer can independently program the thermal regulation systems 1416, 1426, and 1510 using, for example, a mobile application. For instance, the wearer can program and set temperature set points for the cold side and / or hot side of the TEM. The wearer can also program and set cycle times (i.e., the time periods during which the thermal regulation systems 1416, 1426, and / or 1510 are in an on and / or off state) for each thermal regulation system 1416, 1426, and / or 1510. The cycling of the thermal regulation systems 1416, 1426, and / or 1510 between on and off states can help prevent wearer habituation. Furthermore, the wearer can additionally program and set a recovery cycle that causes the surface of the TEM in contact with the wearer's skin to alternate between hot and cold states. Any and all aspects and their arbitrary variations are contemplated within the scope of this document.

[0130] Continuing on, the wearer will put on garment item 1400 and begin exercising or starting his or her work duties when used, for example, by a firefighter or military personnel. Alternatively, the wearer may put on garment item 1400 after exercise to cool down and / or promote recovery. When the wearer begins to sweat, sweat can move from the inward-facing surface of garment item 1400 to the outward-facing surface of garment item 1400 due to the wicking properties of the textiles forming garment item 1400. The sweat then accumulates in the absorbent material placed on the dimensionally stable frame of the thermal conditioning systems 1416, 1426, and / or 1510. This process can be aided by perforating the dimensionally stable frame to allow sweat to move from the textiles forming garment item 1400 to the absorbent material. The accumulation of sweat in the absorbent material is facilitated by positioning the thermal conditioning systems 1416 and 1510 on garment item 1400 in locations adjacent to the wearer's high-perspiration areas.

[0131] Because the absorbent material is positioned around and / or adjacent to the hot side of the TEM, the release of sweat by the absorbent material and its subsequent evaporation from the hot side of the TEM helps remove heat from the TEM. This, in turn, helps the TEM operate more efficiently. For example, by dissipating heat from the hot side of the TEM, a greater temperature difference can be maintained between the cold and hot sides of the TEM. This, in turn, reduces the amount of electricity required to operate the TEM.

[0132] The dissipation of heat from the thermal side of the TEM using the wearer's own sweat can be enhanced by providing an external liquid source to the thermal side of the TEM. For example, water can be sprayed or applied to the clothing item 1400 in the areas where the thermal conditioning systems 1416, 1426, and 1510 are located. The evaporation of water can further help dissipate heat from the thermal side of the TEM. Similarly, the removal of heat from the thermal side of the TEM by evaporation can be further enhanced by inherent wearer movement (e.g., running) or by air movement on the thermal conditioning systems 1416, 1426, and / or 1510 via an external air source (such as a fan).

[0133] This paper envisions alternative mechanisms that could be used to drive sweat to the thermal conditioning systems 1416, 1426, and 1510. In one example, wicking threads or yarns could be integrated into the garment article 1400 such that a first end of the wicking thread is positioned differently from the thermal conditioning systems 1416, 1426, and 1510, and a second end of the wicking thread is positioned adjacent to the TEM and / or adjacent to the absorbent material. For example, the first end of the wicking thread or yarn could be positioned in the area of ​​the garment article near the waist opening 1414. Thus, sweat generated on the garment article at a location different from the thermal conditioning systems 1416, 1426, and / or 1510 could be delivered to the systems 1416, 1426, and / or 1510 using the wicking threads.

[0134] Continuing, in another example, some or all of the garment article 1400 may be formed of a hydrophobic material, and hydrophilic channels may be formed on the garment article 1400 via processes such as depositing a hydrophilic material on the garment article 1400, using hydrophilic fabrics, etc. These channels can be used to transport sweat generated on the garment article 1400 at locations different from the thermal conditioning systems 1416, 1426, and / or 1510 to the systems 1416, 1426, and / or 1510. In another example, and as referenced above… Figure 4A As described, the hydrophobic treatment can be applied to the garment article 1400 in a manner that forces moisture and / or sweat to travel along hydrophilic channels formed, such as hydrogels or SAPs applied to the garment article 1400, and / or formed by the garment article 1400 being made of a moisture-wicking fabric. Any and all aspects and arbitrary variations thereof are contemplated within the scope of this document.

[0135] In addition to cooling the wearer, thermal conditioning systems 1416, 1426, and 1510 can also be used to heat the wearer. For example, the polarity of the TEM can be reversed, making the cold side of the TEM the hot side and vice versa. Thus, when the clothing item 1400 is worn, the hot side of the TEM is positioned adjacent to the wearer's skin surface. Similar to the above, the wearer can program the hot side of the TEM to a desired temperature, such as between 30°C and 40°C, and set the cycle time. Heat is not dissipated from the hot side of the TEM into the ambient air, but rather can be dissipated to the wearer's skin surface, thereby helping to keep the wearer warm.

[0136] Thermal conditioning systems 1416, 1426, and 1510 can also be used to assist wearers in recovering from physical activity. For example, the TEM in thermal conditioning systems 1416, 1426, and 1510 can be programmed to cycle from a hot state to a cold state. More specifically, the polarity of the TEM can be periodically changed, causing the cold side of the TEM to become the hot side, and then cycling back to the cold side according to a programmed schedule.

[0137] This article envisions the integration of thermal regulation systems into other clothing items such as trousers. Examples of this are shown in... Figure 19 middle, Figure 19 A front view of a pair of trousers 1900 is depicted, the trousers 1900 having a heat-regulating system 1920 located at the upper front portion of a first leg portion 1910 of the trousers 1900 and a heat-regulating system 1922 located at the upper front portion of a second leg portion 1912 of the trousers 1900. When the garment 1900 is worn, these locations may correspond to the wearer's quadriceps muscle groups. In an exemplary aspect, these locations may correspond to high-heat areas of the wearer, and may also correspond to muscle groups that can benefit from the recovery characteristics (i.e., alternating heating and cooling characteristics) associated with the heat-regulating systems described herein.

[0138] The thermal control systems 1920 and 1922 are shown as having, as per... Figures 18C to 18D The described stretch pattern. Although the spokes between adjacent TEMs are shown as being located on the outward-facing surface of the garment article 1900, this document contemplates that a TEM with its associated spokes positions the adjacent inward-facing surface of the garment article 1900. Figure 19 The description shown is for illustrative purposes only. Because the wearer's thigh area is a generally convex tubular shape, the stretching pattern of the thermal conditioning systems 1920 and 1922 allows the systems to "wrap" around the wearer's thigh area to maintain close contact with the wearer's skin surface and allows the thermal conditioning systems 1920 and 1922 to flex and extend with the wearer's movement.

[0139] This paper envisions additional thermal conditioning systems that can be used in conjunction with the trousers 1900. For example, the thermal conditioning system could be located on the back of the trousers along the shins / lower leg area, across the hip area, etc. Furthermore, the system could present various patterns, such as the spoke-and-spoke pattern, linear pattern, and staggered pattern described herein. Additionally, the shape of the TEM could differ from the shapes shown (e.g., triangles, squares, rectangles, etc.). Any and all aspects and their arbitrary variations are contemplated within the scope of this paper.

[0140] According to the aspects of this article, in Figure 20 An example of a clothing thermal conditioning system using a triangular-shaped TEM is shown. Figure 20 The illustration shows a front view of a pair of trousers 2000 having at least a first leg portion 2010 and a second leg portion 2012. A thermal conditioning system 2020 with triangular-shaped TEMs is located at the upper part of the first leg portion 2010, and a thermal conditioning system 2022 with triangular-shaped TEMs is located at the upper part of the second leg portion 2012. These locations are merely exemplary. As shown, the triangular-shaped TEMs in the thermal conditioning systems 2020 and 2022 are arranged in a tessellation-type pattern, such that there is minimal gap between adjacent TEMs. The use of this pattern provides targeted heating or cooling with a minimal coverage area (i.e., by arranging the triangular-shaped TEMs in a tessellation-type pattern, a greater number of TEMs can be positioned within a small surface area). Furthermore, the gaps or spaces between adjacent TEMs in the thermal conditioning systems 2020 and 2022 can act as folding / expanding areas, thereby allowing the systems 2020 and 2022 to conform to the wearer's surface shape and / or fold and expand with the wearer's movement. This improves wearer comfort and increases the contact area between the system 2020 and 2022 and the wearer's skin surface, thus providing more effective heating and cooling. This paper envisions that the TEM could include different shapes suitable for forming mosaic patterns as described herein.

[0141] The garment thermal conditioning system described herein enables the integration of an efficient heating / cooling mechanism in the form of a TEM array into garments without significantly increasing the weight of the garments and / or compromising their integrity and various functional characteristics.

[0142] Aspects of the invention have been described for illustrative and not restrictive purposes. Alternative aspects without departing from the scope of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art. Alternative means for achieving the foregoing improvements can be devised by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0143] It will be understood that certain features and sub-combinations are practical and can be employed without involving other features and sub-combinations, and are contemplated to be within the scope of the claims. Not all steps listed in the various figures need to be performed in the specific order described.

Claims

1. A thermoelectric module array, comprising: Multiple thermoelectric modules, each having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, the first surface being positioned adjacent to and releasably coupled to the inward-facing surface of the garment article; as well as A flexible substrate having electronic circuitry applied to the flexible substrate, wherein the flexible substrate is physically and electrically connected to each of the plurality of thermoelectric modules; The thermoelectric module array is releasably fitted to a size-stabilizing frame, the first surface of which is attached to the outward-facing surface of the garment, and the size-stabilizing frame includes a plurality of holes, each operable to receive a corresponding thermoelectric module. Each of the thermoelectric modules includes a base portion having the first surface and a flange portion having the second surface, the flange portion having a diameter or width larger than that of the base portion; and In this embodiment, absorbent material is applied to the second surface of the dimensional stabilizing frame, and the fabric of the garment article is positioned adjacent to the second surface of each of the thermoelectric modules.

2. The thermoelectric module array according to claim 1 further includes a power supply unit electrically connected to the flexible substrate.

3. The thermoelectric module array according to claim 1, wherein, The plurality of thermoelectric modules are arranged in one of the following patterns: spoke pattern, linear pattern, staggered pattern, or expansion pattern.

4. The thermoelectric module array according to claim 1, wherein, The diameter or width of the base portion is between 22.0 mm and 23.0 mm.

5. The thermoelectric module array according to claim 1, wherein, The diameter or width of the flange portion is between 28.0 mm and 29.0 mm.

6. The thermoelectric module array according to claim 1, wherein, The flexible substrate is electrically insulating.

7. The thermoelectric module array according to claim 1, wherein, The flexible substrate includes a polyimide film.

8. A thermoelectric module array, comprising: Multiple thermoelectric modules, each having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, the first surface being positioned adjacent to and releasably coupled to the inward-facing surface of the garment article; as well as A flexible substrate, physically and electrically connected to each of the plurality of thermoelectric modules; the flexible substrate includes an electrically insulating layer having electronic circuitry applied to the electrically insulating layer; The thermoelectric module array is releasably fitted to a size-stabilizing frame, the first surface of which is attached to the outward-facing surface of the garment, and the size-stabilizing frame includes a plurality of holes, each operable to receive a corresponding thermoelectric module. Each of the thermoelectric modules includes a base portion having the first surface and a flange portion having the second surface, the flange portion having a diameter or width larger than that of the base portion; and In this embodiment, absorbent material is applied to the second surface of the dimensional stabilizing frame, and the fabric of the garment article is positioned adjacent to the second surface of each of the thermoelectric modules.

9. The thermoelectric module array according to claim 8 further includes a power supply unit.

10. The thermoelectric module array according to claim 9, wherein, The flexible substrate is physically and electrically connected to the power supply unit.

11. The thermoelectric module array according to claim 9, wherein, The power unit includes a battery.

12. The thermoelectric module array according to claim 8, wherein, The plurality of thermoelectric modules are comprised of thermoelectric modules between four and eight.

13. The thermoelectric module array according to claim 12, wherein, The plurality of thermoelectric modules includes seven thermoelectric modules.

14. The thermoelectric module array according to claim 13, wherein, The plurality of thermoelectric modules are arranged in one of the following patterns: spoke pattern, linear pattern, staggered pattern, or expansion pattern.

15. A garment thermal conditioning system, comprising: A garment article, said garment article being formed of a flexible material and having an outward-facing surface and an inward-facing surface; as well as A thermoelectric module array, positioned adjacent to and releasably coupled to the inward-facing surface of the garment article, the thermoelectric module array comprising: --Multiple thermoelectric modules, each thermoelectric module having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface; --A flexible substrate having electronic circuitry applied to it, wherein the flexible substrate is physically and electrically connected to each of the plurality of thermoelectric modules; and --Power supply unit, which is electrically connected to the flexible substrate; The thermoelectric module array is releasably fitted to a size-stabilizing frame, the first surface of which is attached to the outward-facing surface of the garment, and the size-stabilizing frame includes a plurality of holes, each operable to receive a corresponding thermoelectric module. Each of the thermoelectric modules includes a base portion having the first surface and a flange portion having the second surface, the flange portion having a diameter or width larger than that of the base portion; and In this embodiment, absorbent material is applied to the second surface of the dimensional stabilizing frame, and the fabric of the garment article is positioned adjacent to the second surface of each of the thermoelectric modules.

16. The garment thermal conditioning system of claim 15, wherein the dimensional stabilizing frame is perforated to facilitate the passage of sweat or moisture from the garment article to the absorbent material.

17. The clothing thermal conditioning system according to claim 16, wherein, The size-stabilizing frame is formed of an absorbent material.

18. The garment heat regulation system according to claim 16, wherein, The absorbent material includes hydrogels, nonwoven materials, knitted terry cloth materials, cellulose- or fiber-based sponge materials, superabsorbent polymers (SAP), or combinations thereof, wherein the nonwoven material includes spacer mesh or felt material.

19. The clothing thermal conditioning system according to claim 15, wherein, The diameter or width of the base portion is between 22.0 mm and 23.0 mm, and the diameter or width of the flange portion is between 28.0 mm and 29.0 mm.

20. The clothing heat regulation system according to claim 15, wherein, When the garment is in a wearing configuration, the first surface of each of the thermoelectric modules is positioned adjacent to the wearer's skin surface.

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