Vertical multi-chamber straw pyrolysis carbonization and field returning equipment

Abstract

The application discloses a vertical multi-chamber straw pyrolysis carbonization and field returning equipment, and relates to the technical field of straw field returning equipment.The main structure comprises a rack, a picking and crushing system, a stock bin, a airlock, a carbonization system, an exhaust pipeline, a combustion chamber, a air distribution system, wheels, a carbon collecting box, a control system and a generator.The vertical multi-chamber straw pyrolysis carbonization and field returning equipment can realize automatic picking, crushing, carbonization, field returning and flue gas treatment of straw, has high stability and straw pyrolysis carbonization efficiency.The carbonization system comprises a vertical multi-chamber pyrolysis carbonization reactor, each chamber works independently, the whole can realize continuous operation, and each chamber is internally provided with an auger.The rotation speed of the auger is controlled to control the carbonization response time of the straw, and the air distribution machine is used to control the reaction temperature, so that the carbonization effect of the straw is better controlled.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of straw return equipment technology, and in particular to a vertical multi-chamber straw pyrolysis carbonization and return equipment. Background Technology

[0002] To improve the utilization of straw resources, a straw pyrolysis and carbonization technology for returning straw to the field has been proposed based on existing straw returning technologies. Depending on the reaction device, straw carbonization and returning equipment can be divided into stationary carbonization and returning equipment and mobile carbonization and returning equipment. Currently, most existing straw carbonization and returning technologies are off-site technologies involving "removal from the field - carbonization - returning to the field," which not only involves many operational steps and multiple field operations, but also suffers from problems related to straw collection and storage, carbonization transportation costs, and equipment configuration. Research on mobile carbonization and in-situ returning equipment, which offers stable operation, compact structure, low cost, and simple maintenance, better meets the needs of farmers.

[0003] Research on mobile pyrolysis and carbonization equipment began earlier abroad, with the United States being the first to propose it in 1993. Among these, BSI Corporation's mobile rapid pyrolysis equipment, employing a two-stage reactor, is highly efficient. Other notable examples include the mobile-BA type carbonization furnace developed by the Forestry Research Institute of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan, and the mobile, shell-and-tube rapid pyrolysis device developed by Western University in Canada. Research on carbonization equipment in these areas is relatively mature. Domestically, more mature research on mobile carbonization equipment includes the vehicle-mounted shell-and-tube biomass rapid pyrolysis equipment from Beijing Forestry University; the mobile intelligent waste gas self-circulating biomass carbonization device invented by the School of Mechanical Engineering of Yangzhou University; the FX-Ⅱ type mobile combined carbonization device from Shanghai Fuxiang Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; and the mobile MASM-1 type straw carbonization and returning machine developed by Jilin Rixin Clean Heating Technology Co., Ltd.

[0004] Currently, my country's mobile carbonization and returning-to-field technology is not yet perfect. The modularization and mechanization of the equipment are relatively low, and there are corresponding problems in flue gas purification and control of straw carbonization effects. In particular, in-situ carbonization and returning-to-field equipment suffers from poor operational stability, low operating efficiency, and difficulty in controlling the carbonization process. Therefore, further improvement and research are needed on the stability, straw pyrolysis and carbonization efficiency, and flue gas purification aspects of mobile pyrolysis and carbonization returning-to-field equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a vertical multi-chamber straw pyrolysis carbonization and returning equipment, which purifies the flue gas while realizing straw pyrolysis carbonization.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: This invention provides a vertical multi-chamber straw pyrolysis carbonization and returning-to-field equipment, including a frame, a collection and crushing system, a hopper, a fan, a carbonization system, an exhaust pipe, a combustion chamber, an air distribution system, wheels, a char collection box, a control system, and a generator. The collection and crushing system is located at the front end of the frame. The carbonization system, the generator, and the control system are mounted on the frame. The hopper is located at the top of the carbonization system, and the fan is located between the carbonization system and the hopper. The collection and crushing system and the hopper are connected by a pipeline. The combustion chamber and the carbonization system are connected by the exhaust pipe. The fan controls the air volume within the carbonization system. The char collection box is located below the frame. Multiple wheels are located below the frame. The collection and crushing system, the fan, the carbonization system, the air distribution system, and the generator are all electrically connected to the control system.

[0007] Optionally, the picking and crushing system includes a picking device, a crushing device, and a conveying pipe; the picking device is located below the frame, the crushing device is located above the frame, and the picking device is connected to the crushing device; the crushing device is connected to the hopper through the conveying pipe.

[0008] Optionally, the hopper is equipped with an auger and a servo motor; the servo motor is connected to the auger via a transmission.

[0009] Optionally, the carbonization system includes a carbonization reactor; the carbonization reactor includes, from top to bottom, a raw material drying zone, a straw smoldering carbonization zone, and a charcoal discharge zone; a pair of spiral augers are provided at the bottom of the carbonization reactor, and a motor is provided below the carbonization reactor, the motor being drivenly connected to the pair of spiral augers.

[0010] Optionally, the auger includes an upper helical blade and a lower helical blade that rotates in the opposite direction to the upper helical blade; the lower helical blade is provided with a plurality of sieve holes.

[0011] Optionally, a feeding level gauge is installed at the top of the carbonization reactor, and a discharging level gauge is installed at the bottom of the carbonization reactor; both the feeding level gauge and the discharging level gauge are electrically connected to the control system.

[0012] Optionally, the carbonization reactor is provided with an exhaust port at the top, and the exhaust port is connected to one end of the exhaust pipe.

[0013] Optionally, an ignition port is provided on one side of the lower part of the carbonization reactor.

[0014] Optionally, a mixing auger is provided inside the carbon collection box; the mixing auger is connected to the bottom of the carbonization system; the mixing auger is driven by an electric motor; and a carbon outlet is provided at the bottom of one end of the mixing auger.

[0015] Optionally, a soil absorber is provided at the bottom of the carbon collection box; the soil absorber is located at the bottom of the other end of the mixing auger.

[0016] The present invention achieves the following technical effects compared to the prior art: 1. The vertical multi-chamber straw pyrolysis carbonization and returning equipment of the present invention can realize automated straw picking, crushing, carbonization, returning to the field and flue gas treatment, and has high stability and straw pyrolysis carbonization efficiency.

[0017] 2. The carbonization system includes a vertical multi-chamber pyrolysis carbonization reactor, with each chamber operating independently, enabling continuous operation as a whole. Each chamber is equipped with an auger. The carbonization reaction time of the straw is controlled by adjusting the auger speed, and the reaction temperature is controlled by a blower, thereby better controlling the straw carbonization effect.

[0018] 3. Each chamber is equipped with an upper level gauge, an lower level gauge, and a temperature sensor. When the raw material level is lower than the lower level gauge or higher than the upper level gauge, the level gauge will send a feedback signal to the servo motor controlling the auger inside the hopper, changing its working state to reverse and allow the raw material to enter the required reaction chamber. The temperature sensor detects the temperature of the reaction chamber and sends a real-time signal to the blower to change the ventilation volume, ensuring that the temperature inside the reactor is controlled within a predetermined range, thereby realizing raw material transportation and continuous carbonization reaction.

[0019] 4. The auger inside the reactor has a dual-spiral structure, with the upper and lower spiral blades rotating in opposite directions. The lower spiral is equipped with sieve holes. When the auger rotates, due to the auger structure, the biochar will be squeezed and crushed in the middle and then discharged into the collection box through the sieve holes, achieving uniform biochar particle size and eliminating the need for pulverizing the biochar before returning it to the field. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the vertical multi-chamber straw pyrolysis carbonization and returning-to-field equipment of the present invention; Figure 2This is a front view schematic diagram of the vertical multi-chamber straw pyrolysis carbonization and returning-to-field equipment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a top view schematic diagram of the vertical multi-chamber straw pyrolysis carbonization and returning-to-field equipment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the vertical carbonization reactor and carbon collection box in the vertical multi-chamber straw pyrolysis carbonization and returning-to-field equipment of the present invention.

[0022] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Pick-up and crushing system; 101. Pick-up device; 102. Crushing device; 103. Conveying pipe; 2. Hopper; 201. Screw; 202. Servo motor; 4. Carbonization system; 401. Exhaust port; 402. Feed level gauge; 403. Straw smoldering carbonization zone; 404. Ignition port; 405. Charcoal discharge zone; 406. Motor; 407. Screen hole; 408. Ventilation port; 409. Paired screw conveyor; 410. Temperature sensor; 411. Raw material drying zone; 412. Feed level gauge; 413. Outer shell; 5. Exhaust pipe; 6. Combustion chamber; 7. Air distribution system; 8. Wheel; 9. Charcoal collection box; 901. Mixing screw conveyor; 902. Charcoal discharge port; 903. Motor; 904. Soil absorber; 10. Control system; 11. Frame; 12. Generator. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, this embodiment provides a vertical multi-chamber straw pyrolysis carbonization and returning-to-field equipment, including a frame 11, a picking and crushing system 1, a hopper 2, a shut-off fan, a carbonization system 4, an exhaust pipe 5, a combustion chamber 6, an air distribution system 7, wheels 8, a char collection box 9, a control system 10, and a generator 12; the picking and crushing system 1 is located at the front end of the frame 11; the carbonization system 4, the generator 12, and the control system 10 are located on the frame 11; the hopper 2 is located on top of the carbonization system 4, and a shut-off fan is installed between the carbonization system 4 and the hopper 2; the picking and crushing system 1 and the hopper 2 are connected by a pipeline; the combustion chamber 6 and the carbonization system 4 are connected by the exhaust pipe 5; the air distribution fan is used to control the air volume in the carbonization system 4; the char collection box 9 is located below the frame 11; multiple wheels 8 are installed below the frame 11; the picking and crushing system 1, the shut-off fan, the carbonization system 4, the air distribution system 7, and the generator 12 are all electrically connected to the control system 10.

[0025] In this specific embodiment, the picking and crushing system 1 includes a picking device 101, a crushing device 102, and a conveying pipe 103. The picking device 101 is located below the frame 11, and the crushing device 102 is located above the frame 11. The picking device 101 and the crushing device 102 are connected. The crushing device 102 is connected to the hopper 2 through the conveying pipe 103. The hopper 2 is equipped with an auger 201 and a servo motor 202. The servo motor 202 is drivenly connected to the auger 201.

[0026] The carbonization system 4 includes a carbonization reactor; the carbonization reactor, from top to bottom, includes a raw material drying zone 411, a straw smoldering carbonization zone 403, and a charcoal discharge zone 405; ventilation openings 408 are provided on the side wall of the charcoal discharge zone 405, a pair of augers 409 are provided at the bottom of the carbonization reactor, and a motor 406 is provided below the carbonization reactor, which is connected to the augers 409. The augers 409 include upper spiral blades and lower spiral blades rotating in the opposite direction to the upper spiral blades; multiple sieve holes 407 are provided on the lower spiral blades. The pitch of both the upper and lower spiral blades is 100mm. When the augers 409 rotate, due to the spiral structure, the biochar is subjected to opposing forces during the spiral conveying process, causing the biochar to be crushed in the middle and discharged into the char collection box 9 through the sieve holes 407. In a more specific embodiment, the bottom of the silo 2 is provided with six discharge ports, and two sets of carbonization reactors are provided below the silo 2. Each set of carbonization reactors includes three carbonization reactors connected together by the outer shell 413, and each carbonization reactor corresponds to one discharge port; the carbonization reactors in the two sets of carbonization reactors that are in corresponding positions share a screw conveyor 201.

[0027] A feeding level gauge 412 is installed at the top of the carbonization reactor, and a discharging level gauge 402 is installed at the bottom of the carbonization reactor. The distance between the discharging level gauge 402 and the bottom of the carbonization reactor is 20% of the total height of the carbonization reactor. Both the feeding level gauge 412 and the discharging level gauge 402 are electrically connected to the control system 10. A temperature sensor 410 is installed in the middle of the carbonization reactor and is electrically connected to the control system 10. When the raw material is lower than the discharging level gauge 402 or higher than the feeding level gauge 412, the level gauge will send a feedback signal to the servo motor 202 of the control auger 201 inside the hopper 2, changing its working state to reverse, allowing the raw material to enter the required reaction chamber. The temperature sensor 410 detects the temperature of the reaction chamber and transmits a real-time signal to the fan to change the ventilation volume, ensuring that the internal temperature of the reactor is controlled within a predetermined range, thereby realizing raw material transportation and continuous carbonization reaction. More specifically, the fan in the air distribution system 7 is connected to the lower end of the outer shell 413 of the carbonization system 4. The air outlet of the fan enters the carbonization reactor through the ventilation port at the lower end of the carbonization reactor, and the air volume is controlled by the temperature sensor in the carbonization reactor.

[0028] The loading and unloading level gauges 402 will send different feedback signals to the servo motor 202 and the airlock, controlling the forward and reverse rotation of the servo motor 202 to control the direction of the auger 201 conveying the raw materials, so that the auger 201 conveys the straw in the hopper 2 to one of the carbonization reactors, and opens or closes the airlock to prohibit or allow the raw material to be conveyed, so that the raw material enters the required reactor to achieve continuous carbonization reaction.

[0029] An exhaust port 401 is provided at the top of the carbonization reactor, and the exhaust port 401 is connected to one end of the exhaust pipe 5. The pyrolysis gas is fully combusted in the combustion chamber 6, achieving a clean flue gas effect.

[0030] An ignition port 404 is provided on one side of the lower part of the carbonization reactor.

[0031] A mixing auger 901 is installed inside the carbon collection box 9; the mixing auger 901 is connected to the bottom of the carbonization system 4; the mixing auger 901 is connected to the electric motor 903 for transmission; a carbon outlet 902 is provided at the bottom of one end of the mixing auger 901.

[0032] A soil absorber 904 is installed at the bottom of the carbon collection box 9; the soil absorber 904 is located at the bottom of the other end of the mixing auger 901. The carbon is mixed with the soil while being discharged, which can quickly cool it down and discharge it into the ground.

[0033] It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention, and no reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0034] This specification uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vertical multi-chamber straw pyrolysis carbonization and field returning equipment, characterized in that, It includes a frame, a pickup and crushing system, a hopper, an airlock, a carbonization system, an exhaust pipe, a combustion chamber, an air distribution system, wheels, a carbon collection box, a control system, and a generator; The pickup and crushing system is located at the front end of the frame; the carbonization system, the generator, and the control system are mounted on the frame; the hopper is located on top of the carbonization system, and a shut-off fan is installed between the carbonization system and the hopper; the pickup and crushing system and the hopper are connected via pipelines; the combustion chamber is connected to the carbonization system via the exhaust pipe; the air distribution system is used to control the air volume within the carbonization system; the carbon collection box is located below the frame; and multiple wheels are installed below the frame. The picking and crushing system, the airlock, the carbonization system, the air distribution system, and the generator are all electrically connected to the control system. The carbonization system includes a carbonization reactor. The carbonization reactor includes, from top to bottom, a raw material drying zone, a straw smoldering carbonization zone, and a charcoal discharge zone. A pair of spiral augers is installed at the bottom of the carbonization reactor. The pair of spiral augers includes upper spiral blades arranged sequentially on the same shaft and lower spiral blades rotating in the opposite direction to the upper spiral blades. Multiple sieve holes are provided on the lower spiral blades. The pitch of the upper spiral blades and the pitch of the lower spiral blades are equal. When the spiral augers rotate, due to the auger structure, the biochar will be crushed in the middle and then discharged into the charcoal collection box through the sieve holes, achieving uniform biochar particle size and eliminating the need for crushing the biochar before returning it to the field.

2. The vertical multi-chamber straw pyrolysis carbonization and returning to field equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The picking and crushing system includes a picking device, a crushing device, and a conveying pipe; the picking device is located below the frame, the crushing device is located above the frame, and the picking device is connected to the crushing device; the crushing device is connected to the hopper through the conveying pipe.

3. The vertical multi-chamber straw pyrolysis carbonization and returning-to-field equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hopper is equipped with an auger and a servo motor; the servo motor is connected to the auger for transmission.

4. The vertical multi-chamber straw pyrolysis carbonization and returning-to-field equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, A motor is installed below the carbonization reactor, and the motor is connected to the pair of augers.

5. The vertical multi-chamber straw pyrolysis carbonization and returning-to-field equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, A feeding level gauge is installed at the top of the carbonization reactor, and a discharging level gauge is installed at the bottom of the carbonization reactor; both the feeding level gauge and the discharging level gauge are electrically connected to the control system.

6. The vertical multi-chamber straw pyrolysis carbonization and returning-to-field equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The carbonization reactor is provided with an exhaust port at the top, and the exhaust port is connected to one end of the exhaust pipe.

7. The vertical multi-chamber straw pyrolysis carbonization and returning-to-field equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, An ignition port is provided on one side of the lower part of the carbonization reactor.

8. The vertical multi-chamber straw pyrolysis carbonization and returning-to-field equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The carbon collection box is equipped with a mixing auger; the mixing auger is connected to the bottom of the carbonization system; the mixing auger is driven by an electric motor; and a carbon outlet is provided at the bottom of one end of the mixing auger.

9. The vertical multi-chamber straw pyrolysis carbonization and returning-to-field equipment according to claim 8, characterized in that, A soil absorber is installed at the bottom of the carbon collection box; the soil absorber is located at the bottom of the other end of the mixing auger.

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