Method and system for implementing flexible observation of satellite rainstorm and severe convective weather

Abstract

The application discloses a method for realizing flexible observation of rainstorm and severe convective weather by satellite, and comprises the following steps: obtaining a weather bulletin corresponding to the rainstorm and severe convective weather; determining a first observation range from the weather bulletin; obtaining meteorological elements and a falling area range of the rainstorm and severe convective weather from the first observation range; forming an instant observation range based on the instant meteorological elements and instant falling area range, and then determining the selection of an observation mode. The method realizes automatic intelligent scheduling of the satellite to realize flexible observation in different observation modes in multiple areas, and realizes instant observation of the rainstorm and severe convective weather.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of meteorological observation technology, specifically a method and system for realizing flexible satellite observation of rainstorms and severe convective weather. Background Technology

[0002] Heavy rain and severe convective weather are relatively frequent natural disasters. During their development, they exhibit irregular and variable shapes, and each has different meteorological characteristics in terms of its development, maturity, dissipation cycle, and movement speed.

[0003] Persistent heavy rainfall and severe convective weather can easily cause flooding, leading to damage to crops, collapsed houses, and lightning strikes. Therefore, real-time monitoring of persistent heavy rainfall and severe convective weather is of strategic necessity.

[0004] As we are familiar with, meteorological satellites are the most widely used type, specifically meteorological remote sensing satellites.

[0005] Meteorological remote sensing satellites are further divided into sun-synchronous polar orbit meteorological satellites (hereinafter referred to as "polar orbit meteorological satellites") and geostationary meteorological satellites (hereinafter referred to as "geostationary meteorological satellites").

[0006] Polar-orbiting meteorological satellites orbit between 650 and 1500 kilometers above the Earth. Based on their orbital cycles, they pass over the same region at fixed times each day, resulting in a banded observation area. Their advantage is global coverage and a broad observation range. Therefore, polar-orbiting meteorological satellites typically observe macroscopic changes in weather.

[0007] Geostationary meteorological satellites are located at an altitude of approximately 36,000 kilometers above the equator, with their orbital plane coinciding with the equatorial orbital plane. Typically, five satellites can form a global observation network.

[0008] The observation of persistent heavy rain and severe convective weather is usually carried out by geostationary meteorological satellites. Typically, the ground command system formulates a set of specific observation instructions based on the trajectory of rain and severe convective weather provided by the weather forecast, and sends the specific observation instructions to the geostationary meteorological satellite. Due to the complexity and high requirements of the operation of the specific observation instructions, a set of specific observation instructions is usually sent multiple times at certain intervals, which requires specific personnel to be on duty.

[0009] Weather bulletins provide macroscopic assessments based on the prevailing meteorological cloud images. However, due to the meteorological characteristics of heavy rain and severe convective weather, if their trajectory deviates or exceeds the observation range specified in the observation instructions, a new set of specific observation instructions needs to be formulated. In particular, large-scale heavy rain tends to be prolonged, generally consisting of multiple consecutive heavy rain events in multiple regions, with rainfall lasting intermittently for about 1 to 3 months, and the rain belt persisting for a long period.

[0010] Especially when multiple regions experience heavy rain and severe convective weather that requires observation, this undoubtedly increases the workload of the ground command system and also makes it impossible to achieve real-time observation of heavy rain and severe convective weather. Summary of the Invention

[0011] This application provides a method for flexibly observing rainstorms and severe convective weather using satellites. This method enables automatic and intelligent scheduling of satellites to conduct flexible observations in different observation modes across multiple regions, while also achieving real-time observation of rainstorms and severe convective weather.

[0012] Therefore, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0013] A method for enabling flexible satellite observation of heavy rain and severe convective weather includes:

[0014] Obtain weather bulletins corresponding to heavy rain and severe convective weather;

[0015] The first observation area is determined from the aforementioned weather bulletin;

[0016] The real-time meteorological elements and the real-time location range of heavy rain and severe convective weather are obtained from the first observation range.

[0017] Based on the real-time meteorological elements and the real-time landing area, a real-time observation range is formed, and then the selection of the observation mode is determined.

[0018] Preferably, determining the first observation range from the weather bulletin includes:

[0019] Meteorological elements for forecasted heavy rain and severe convective weather are obtained from the weather bulletin, and the meteorological elements include the regional scope;

[0020] Based on the obtained meteorological elements, the central location of the rainstorm and severe convective weather from time point T to T+24h, as well as the trajectory of the change in the central location, were calculated.

[0021] Based on the aforementioned regional range and central location, the area affected by heavy rain and severe convective weather from time node T to T+24h is determined, thus forming the first observation range.

[0022] Preferably, the meteorological elements further include: movement speed, regional range, displacement change, and intensity.

[0023] Preferably, the first observation range covers both the area range and the landing area range.

[0024] Preferably, the real-time meteorological elements include the real-time actual area range, real-time movement speed, real-time displacement change, and real-time intensity.

[0025] Preferably, the determination of the observation mode selection is based on the obtained real-time meteorological elements, calculating the real-time center position from time node T to T+24h, and the trajectory of the change of the real-time center position;

[0026] The selection of the observation mode is determined based on real-time meteorological elements, real-time center location, and the trajectory of changes in the real-time center location.

[0027] The observation modes are divided into fixed area observation, multi-area rotational observation and high-frequency observation.

[0028] A system for enabling flexible satellite observation of heavy rain and severe convective weather includes:

[0029] The acquisition module is used to acquire weather bulletins, real-time meteorological elements, and real-time affected areas corresponding to rainstorms and severe convective weather.

[0030] The determination module is used to determine the first observation range;

[0031] The judgment module is used to adjust the real-time observation range based on the real-time meteorological elements and the real-time landing area.

[0032] The decision module is used to determine the observation range based on the real-time meteorological elements, the real-time center position, and the trajectory of the real-time center position change.

[0033] Preferably, the acquired module includes:

[0034] The first acquisition unit is used to acquire weather bulletins corresponding to heavy rain and severe convective weather.

[0035] The parsing unit is used to parse the meteorological elements in the weather bulletin;

[0036] The second acquisition unit is used to acquire real-time meteorological elements and real-time landing area of ​​rainstorms and severe convective weather within the first observation range.

[0037] Preferably, it further includes a calculation module, the calculation module comprising:

[0038] The first calculation unit is used to calculate the center location of the rainstorm and severe convective weather from time node T to T+24h, as well as the trajectory of the change of the center location, based on the meteorological elements.

[0039] The second calculation unit is used to calculate the real-time center position from time node T to T+24h, as well as the trajectory of the change of the real-time center position, based on the obtained real-time meteorological elements.

[0040] Preferably, the observation module includes a fixed area observation module, a multi-area rotational observation module, and a high-frequency observation module.

[0041] This invention provides a method and system for flexible satellite observation of rainstorms and severe convective weather, enabling real-time observation of rainstorms and severe convective weather, and simultaneously enabling automatic intelligent scheduling of satellites to select from multiple observation modes for flexible observation. Attached Figure Description

[0042] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0043] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for achieving flexible satellite observation of meteorological elements according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a system for flexible satellite observation of meteorological elements in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the acquisition module in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the computing module in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the observation module in one embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0048] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0049] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0050] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0051] This application provides a method for flexibly observing rainstorms and severe convective weather using satellites. It enables automatic and intelligent scheduling of satellites to conduct flexible observations in different observation modes across multiple regions, while also achieving real-time observation of rainstorms and severe convective weather.

[0052] like Figure 1 The image shows a method for flexibly observing heavy rain and severe convective weather via satellite according to an embodiment of the present invention, comprising:

[0053] Step 101: Obtain the weather bulletin corresponding to the rainstorm and severe convective weather;

[0054] Step 102: Determine the first observation range from the weather bulletin;

[0055] Step 103: Obtain real-time meteorological elements and real-time landing area of ​​rainstorm and severe convective weather from the first observation range;

[0056] Step 104: Based on the real-time meteorological elements and the real-time landing area, form the real-time observation range, and then determine the selection of the observation mode.

[0057] Preferably, determining the first observation range from the weather bulletin includes:

[0058] Meteorological elements for forecasted heavy rain and severe convective weather are obtained from the weather bulletin, and the meteorological elements include the regional scope;

[0059] Based on the obtained meteorological elements, the central location of the rainstorm and severe convective weather from time point T to T+24h, as well as the trajectory of the change in the central location, were calculated.

[0060] Based on the aforementioned regional range and central location, the area affected by heavy rain and severe convective weather from time node T to T+24h is determined, thus forming the first observation range.

[0061] Preferably, the meteorological elements further include: movement speed, regional range, displacement change, and intensity.

[0062] Preferably, the first observation range covers both the area range and the landing area range.

[0063] Preferably, the real-time meteorological elements include the real-time actual area range, real-time movement speed, real-time displacement change, and real-time intensity.

[0064] Preferably, the determination of the observation mode selection is based on the obtained real-time meteorological elements, calculating the real-time center position from time node T to T+24h, and the trajectory of the change of the real-time center position;

[0065] The selection of the observation mode is determined based on real-time meteorological elements, real-time center location, and the trajectory of changes in the real-time center location.

[0066] The observation modes are divided into fixed area observation, multi-area rotational observation and high-frequency observation.

[0067] To address the need for observation of sudden heavy rain and thunderstorms with strong winds, and given the frequent and intense lightning activity during periods of high weather activity, this study extracts lightning meteorological information based on the predicted location of the heavy rain and severe convective weather at time T. The thunderstorm center trajectory is calculated using geometric mean of space-based lightning latitude and longitude data obtained from LMI and ground-based thunderstorm latitude and longitude data obtained from ADTD. The location of the thunderstorm center Mt at a given time period t is also analyzed.

[0068]

[0069] Where X represents the latitude and longitude data of each lightning strike, X i This represents the location of lightning in neighboring pixels (latitude and longitude information), where k represents the number, indicating that there are k X's in the neighborhood. i M t Represents the location of the thunderstorm center at time t; X of K lightning bolts i The sum of the positions divided by the number K gives the center point.

[0070] Based on the calculation results of the center point of the target rainstorm and severe convective weather system, the latitude and longitude of the center location of the target rainstorm and severe convective weather observation area are calculated in real time. According to the update frequency of the space-based observation lightning latitude and longitude data obtained by LMI and the ground-based detection thunderstorm latitude and longitude data obtained by ADTD, the latitude and longitude of the center point of the observation area of ​​one or more rainstorms and severe convective weather at time T are calculated in real time at the minute level.

[0071] The center calculation module for the observation area at time T of heavy rain and severe convective weather generates latitude and longitude data of the center point of the observation area at time T for each heavy rain and severe convective weather event, and sends it to the intelligent decision-making module for flexible observation tasks in real time.

[0072] For some early forecasts of heavy rain, hail, and short-duration heavy precipitation accompanied by thunderstorms, strong winds, hail, or tornadoes, the observation range can be planned according to changes in the rainfall and severe convective weather areas. Based on the weather bulletin forecast of the rainfall area location from T to T+24 hours in the future, meteorological element information of precipitation in each pixel at the forecast location is selected to calculate the precipitation center trajectory for the corresponding region: the precipitation center trajectory is based on the weighted average of precipitation intensity in each pixel. Calculation formula:

[0073]

[0074] The formula for calculating the precipitation intensity weighting coefficient for each pixel i is as follows:

[0075]

[0076] Where i represents the pixel precipitation, and η is the total precipitation in the denominator. i It is the precipitation weighting coefficient, ρ i This represents the precipitation per pixel, where i represents the number of pixels. ρ i Precipitation in a single pixel divided by the sum of precipitation in its i-th neighborhood ∑ j ρ j The weighted precipitation coefficient η was obtained. i .

[0077] Based on the calculation results of the center of the target rainstorm and severe weather system, the latitude and longitude of the center of the observation area of ​​one or more rainstorm and severe weather systems from T to T+24h are automatically calculated. According to the update frequency of rainstorm and severe weather forecasts and warning documents, the latitude and longitude of the center point of the observation area of ​​one or more rainstorm and severe weather systems from T to T+24h are calculated in real time at the minute level.

[0078] The module for calculating the center location of the observation area for heavy rain and severe convective weather from T to T+24h generates latitude and longitude data of the center point of the observation area for each heavy rain and severe convective weather from T to T+24h, and sends it to the intelligent decision-making module for flexible observation tasks in real time.

[0079] Based on multi-source information including meteorological information from domestic and international satellite detection, ground-based meteorological radars and observation stations detect meteorological information such as thunderstorms and strong winds, precipitation, lightning, hail, tornadoes, short-term heavy precipitation, real-time data on the location of rainstorms, forecast data for the T+24 hour in weather bulletins, and forecast data for the T+24 hour in severe weather warning bulletins. The linear interpolation method is used to calculate the area of ​​single or multiple rainstorms and severe convective weather systems from T to T+24 hours, as well as the latitude and longitude range of the observed areas of single or multiple rainstorms and severe convective weather systems from T to T+24 hours.

[0080] like Figure 2-5 The diagram shows a system for flexible satellite observation of rainstorms and severe convective weather, according to an embodiment of the present invention, comprising:

[0081] The acquisition module 201 is used to acquire weather bulletins, real-time meteorological elements, and real-time impact ranges corresponding to rainstorms and severe convective weather.

[0082] Module 202 is used to determine the first observation range;

[0083] Based on multi-source information including meteorological information detected by domestic and international satellites, ground-based meteorological radars and observation stations, such as information on thunderstorms and strong winds, precipitation, lightning, hail, tornadoes, short-term heavy precipitation, real-time data on the location of rainstorms, weather bulletin forecasts for the T+24 hour location, and severe weather warning bulletin location, as well as data on the movement speed and direction of rainstorm and severe convective weather systems, the total observation area of ​​a single or multiple rainstorm and severe convective weather systems from T to T+24 hours and the total observation latitude and longitude range of a single or multiple rainstorm and severe convective weather systems from T to T+24 hours are calculated using the principle of overlay or contiguous analysis.

[0084] The module for calculating the total observation range of heavy rain and severe convective weather from T to T+24h generates data on the total observation range area of ​​single or multiple heavy rain and severe convective weather systems from T to T+24h, as well as the total latitude and longitude data of single or multiple heavy rain and severe convective weather systems from T to T+24h, and sends them to the intelligent decision-making module for flexible observation tasks in real time.

[0085] Based on the needs of various types of users for starting, ending, and continuing observation of rainstorms and severe convective weather, as well as the blue, yellow, and red warning information for rainstorms and severe convective weather, and the rainstorm forecast information in the weather bulletin, the total observation time for rainstorms and severe convective weather from T to T+24 hours is calculated.

[0086] The module for calculating the total observation time of heavy rain and severe convective weather from T to T+24h generates the total observation time data of heavy rain and severe convective weather from T to T+24h and sends it to the intelligent decision-making module for flexible observation tasks in real time.

[0087] The judgment module 203 is used to adjust the real-time observation range based on the real-time meteorological elements and the real-time landing area.

[0088] The decision module 204 is used to determine the observation range based on the real-time meteorological elements, the real-time center position, and the trajectory of the real-time center position change.

[0089] Preferably, the acquired module 201 includes:

[0090] The first acquisition unit 211 is used to acquire weather bulletins corresponding to rainstorms and severe convective weather.

[0091] The parsing unit 212 is used to parse the meteorological elements in the weather bulletin;

[0092] The second acquisition unit 213 is used to acquire real-time meteorological elements and real-time landing area of ​​rainstorms and severe convective weather within the first observation range.

[0093] Preferably, it further includes a calculation module 301, the calculation module comprising:

[0094] The first calculation unit 311 is used to calculate the center position of the rainstorm and severe convective weather from time node T to T+24h, as well as the trajectory of the change of the center position, based on the meteorological elements.

[0095] The second calculation unit 312 is used to calculate the real-time center position from time node T to T+24h, and the trajectory of the change of the real-time center position, based on the obtained real-time meteorological elements.

[0096] Preferably, the observation module 401 includes a fixed area observation module 411, a multi-area rotational observation module 412, and a high-frequency observation module 413.

[0097] The single observation range calculation module for heavy rain and severe convective weather generates hourly data on the area of ​​single or multiple heavy rain and severe convective weather systems from T to T+24h, as well as hourly data on the latitude and longitude range of the area of ​​single or multiple heavy rain and severe convective weather systems from T to T+24h, and sends them to the intelligent decision-making module for flexible observation tasks in real time.

[0098] It possesses the capability to adjust observation parameters hourly for multi-mode rainstorm observation missions, and to jointly schedule mission times for high-frequency and conventional observation modes hourly, automatically generating a rapid imager multi-mode rainstorm observation mission timetable. The rapid imager multi-mode rainstorm observation mission timetable is generated according to the geostationary meteorological satellite timetable format specification. This timetable can be distributed to various systems by the scheduling and control system for intelligent scheduling of multi-mode rainstorm observations, positioning and calibration observations, real-time non-rainstorm observations, and other rapid imager missions, automatically avoiding periods such as satellite platform maintenance.

[0099] The system employs a fixed-area observation decision module to generate fixed-area 2000km×1800km (north-south × east-west) observation model parameter data and fixed-area 2000km×1800km (north-south × east-west) observation center point latitude and longitude data, and intelligently generates fixed observation mission schedule parameters from T to T+24h in real time. These parameters conform to the geostationary meteorological satellite schedule format specifications, can automatically match the satellite platform mission schedule, and have minute-level update capabilities.

[0100] Using high-frequency fixed-area 500km×500km (north-south × east-west) observation model parameter data and high-frequency fixed-area 500km×500km (north-south × east-west) observation center point latitude and longitude data, the system intelligently generates high-frequency observation mission schedule parameters from T to T+24h in real time. This parameter generation conforms to the geostationary meteorological satellite schedule format specification, can automatically match the satellite platform mission schedule, and has minute-level update capabilities.

[0101] Using observation time data from a single rainstorm or severe convective weather event, the system intelligently generates a real-time timetable for observations of that event, ranging from T to T+24 hours. This timetable conforms to the geostationary meteorological satellite timetable format specifications, automatically matches the satellite platform's timetable, and has minute-level update capabilities.

[0102] Using multi-region 2000km×1800km (north-south × east-west) observation model parameter data and multi-region 2000km×1800km (north-south × east-west) observation model center point latitude and longitude parameter data, the system intelligently generates multi-region observation location mission schedule parameters in real time from T to T+24h. This parameter generation conforms to the geostationary meteorological satellite timetable format specification, can automatically match the satellite platform mission timetable, and has minute-level update capabilities.

[0103] Utilizing flexible, cyclical observation data from multiple regions, the system intelligently generates real-time timetable parameters for multi-regional flexible, cyclical observation missions from T to T+24 hours. These parameters conform to the geostationary meteorological satellite timetable format specifications, can automatically match the satellite platform's mission timetable, and have minute-level update capabilities.

[0104] Using combined regional observation data, the system intelligently generates mission schedule parameters for combined regional observation data from T to T+24h in real time. These parameters conform to the geostationary meteorological satellite schedule format specifications, can automatically match the satellite platform's mission schedule, and have minute-level update capabilities.

[0105] The system employs various timetable parameters, including fixed observation schedules from T to T+24h, high-frequency observation schedules from T to T+24h, single-event or severe convective weather observation schedules from T to T+24h, multi-regional observation location schedules from T to T+24h, flexible cyclical observation schedules from T to T+24h, combined regional observation data schedules from T to T+24h, and flexible intelligent scheduling data for observations from T to T+24h. This system intelligently generates flexible observation timetable parameters for heavy rain and severe convective weather from T to T+24h in real time. These parameters conform to the geostationary meteorological satellite timetable format specifications, can automatically match the satellite platform's timetable, and have minute-level update capabilities.

[0106] Based on observation needs, the system enables one-click start / stop of the flexible observation subsystem for heavy rain and severe convective weather. It has the capability to manually switch between other observation modes, such as regular observation mode, emergency observation mode, and typhoon mobile observation mode, within minutes, and is compatible with the unified command and control of the flexible observation subsystem for heavy rain and severe convective weather from the ground application system.

[0107] It enables unified management, deployment, operation and maintenance, and online iteration of service modules for flexible observation and configuration information of rainstorms and severe convective weather.

[0108] The flexible observation initialization module for heavy rain and severe convective weather: The flexible observation system for heavy rain and severe convective weather provides a one-click initialization method, allowing operators to complete the initialization and startup of the flexible observation system for heavy rain and severe convective weather with a single command.

[0109] Intelligent Adaptation Module for Flexible Observation of Heavy Rain and Severe Convective Weather: Creates the configuration parameters required for the flexible observation system of heavy rain and severe convective weather based on the configuration parameters of the ground application system.

[0110] It has the function of automatically receiving system configuration parameters issued by ground applications, and intelligently adapts to the configuration parameter management modules of the following subsystems: common configuration parameter management module, intelligent perception subsystem configuration parameter management module for flexible observation task requirements, intelligent analysis subsystem configuration parameter management module for multi-source information of rainstorm and severe convective weather elements, weather warning and forecast message parsing subsystem configuration parameter management module, rainstorm and severe convective weather observation element calculation subsystem configuration parameter management module, intelligent decision-making subsystem configuration parameter management module for flexible observation tasks, intelligent scheduling subsystem configuration parameter management module for flexible observation, intelligent generation subsystem configuration parameter management module for flexible observation task schedule, and flexible observation command and control subsystem configuration parameter management module for rainstorm and severe convective weather.

[0111] This invention provides a method and system for flexible satellite observation of rainstorms and severe convective weather. It enables automatic and intelligent satellite scheduling to conduct flexible observations in multiple regions using different observation modes, while also achieving real-time observation of rainstorms and severe convective weather.

[0112] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention, and no reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0113] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A method for enabling flexible satellite observation of rainstorms and severe convective weather, characterized in that, include: Obtain weather bulletins corresponding to heavy rain and severe convective weather; The first observation area is determined from the aforementioned weather bulletin; The real-time meteorological elements and the real-time location range of heavy rain and severe convective weather are obtained from the first observation range. The real-time meteorological elements include the real-time actual area range, real-time movement speed, real-time displacement change, and real-time intensity. Based on the real-time meteorological elements and the real-time landing area, a real-time observation range is formed, and then the selection of the observation mode is determined. The selection of the observation mode is determined based on the obtained real-time meteorological elements, calculating the real-time center position from time node T to T+24h, and the trajectory of the change of the real-time center position. The selection of the observation mode is determined based on real-time meteorological elements, real-time center location, and the trajectory of changes in the real-time center location. The observation modes are divided into fixed area observation, multi-area rotational observation, and high-frequency observation.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the aforementioned weather bulletin, the first observation area is determined to include: Meteorological elements for forecasted heavy rain and severe convective weather are obtained from the weather bulletin, and the meteorological elements include the regional scope; Based on the obtained meteorological elements, the central location of the rainstorm and severe convective weather from time point T to T+24h, as well as the trajectory of the change in the central location, were calculated. Based on the aforementioned regional range and central location, the area affected by heavy rain and severe convective weather from time node T to T+24h is determined, thus forming the first observation range.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The meteorological elements also include: movement speed, area range, displacement change, and intensity.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first observation range covers both the area and the landing area.

5. A system for flexibly observing heavy rain and severe convective weather via satellite, characterized in that, include: The acquisition module is used to acquire weather bulletins, real-time meteorological elements, and real-time affected areas corresponding to rainstorms and severe convective weather. The real-time meteorological elements include the real-time actual area range, real-time movement speed, real-time displacement change, and real-time intensity. The determination module is used to determine the first observation range; The judgment module is used to adjust the real-time observation range based on the real-time meteorological elements and the real-time landing area. The decision module is used to determine the selection of the observation mode based on the real-time meteorological elements, the real-time center position, and the trajectory of the real-time center position change. The observation module includes a fixed-area observation module, a multi-area rotational observation module, and a high-frequency observation module; it is used to execute observation modes, which are divided into fixed-area observation, multi-area rotational observation, and high-frequency observation.

6. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The acquired modules include: The first acquisition unit is used to acquire weather bulletins corresponding to heavy rain and severe convective weather. The parsing unit is used to parse the meteorological elements in the weather bulletin; The second acquisition unit is used to acquire real-time meteorological elements and real-time landing area of ​​rainstorms and severe convective weather within the first observation range. The real-time meteorological elements include the real-time actual area range, real-time movement speed, real-time displacement change, and real-time intensity.

7. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that, It also includes a computing module, which includes: The first calculation unit is used to calculate the center location of the rainstorm and severe convective weather from time node T to T+24h, as well as the trajectory of the change of the center location, based on the meteorological elements. The second calculation unit is used to calculate the real-time center position from time node T to T+24h, as well as the trajectory of the change of the real-time center position, based on the obtained real-time meteorological elements.

Images