Photovoltaic building design method based on outdoor microclimate and energy consumption two-way coupling optimization

Abstract

The application relates to a photovoltaic building design method based on outdoor microclimate and energy consumption two-way coupling optimization, related information of a building, a surrounding site and a photovoltaic design scheme is acquired, an energy consumption analysis model Energy, a photovoltaic calculation model PV and a three-dimensional fluid dynamics model CFD are established, building body energy consumption, surface temperatures and air conditioner waste heat discharge amounts are calculated, and the building body energy consumption, the surface temperatures and the air conditioner waste heat discharge amounts are set as boundary conditions and heat sources and are input into the model CFD, outdoor temperature fields and wind fields simulated by the model CFD are updated to calculation parameters of the model Energy and the model PV, the above process is repeated until a set cycle iteration stop condition is reached, and building body energy consumption and outdoor microclimate simulation results considering energy consumption analysis and computational fluid dynamics analysis two-way coupling are obtained. The method improves the accuracy and reliability of photovoltaic building energy consumption and outdoor microclimate simulation, and has very important significance for evaluating energy consumption of zero-energy buildings and outdoor microclimates.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of urban building complex design technology, specifically to a photovoltaic building design method based on the bidirectional coupling optimization of outdoor microclimate and energy consumption. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the global economy, human demand for energy is constantly increasing, leading to a growing energy shortage problem. The construction industry, as one of the major sources of global carbon emissions, consumes enormous amounts of energy. Therefore, achieving low-carbon development in the construction industry is crucial for reducing carbon emissions. By adopting low-carbon building design and sustainable energy utilization measures, energy consumption in buildings can be reduced, dependence on traditional energy sources can be decreased, and thus carbon emissions can be reduced.

[0003] Renewable energy, as a sustainable energy solution, plays a vital role in the low-carbon development of the construction industry, helping to reduce carbon emissions and achieve sustainable energy use. Solar photovoltaic (PV) technology, as a renewable energy solution, is widely used in the construction industry to improve the efficiency of renewable energy utilization, reduce building energy consumption, and minimize environmental pollution. By tightly integrating photovoltaic power generation systems with buildings, building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) technology can effectively utilize solar energy resources and convert them into electricity to meet building needs. The widespread application of this technology not only reduces dependence on traditional energy sources but also brings opportunities for sustainable development and environmental protection to the construction industry.

[0004] Furthermore, urban microclimates have a significant impact on building energy consumption and the quality of the living environment. Optimizing the outdoor microclimate can improve the comfort of users within the building area and reduce problems such as pollutant dispersion and the urban heat island effect. Moreover, the complex relationship between outdoor microclimate factors and building energy consumption has a significant impact on the performance of building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) technology and the energy utilization efficiency of photovoltaic buildings.

[0005] Currently, some progress has been made in researching the coupling relationship between outdoor microclimate and building energy consumption in photovoltaic buildings. Regarding outdoor microclimate, researchers monitor and record parameters such as temperature, radiation, and wind speed using equipment such as weather stations and sensors. However, these traditional monitoring methods only provide discrete point data and cannot comprehensively reflect the complex changes in the microclimate within photovoltaic building complexes.

[0006] On the other hand, in terms of building energy consumption assessment, some simulation methods and calculation tools have emerged to evaluate the heat load, energy consumption, and energy-saving potential of buildings. These methods are usually based on the building's geometry, material properties, and system design parameters, as well as some assumptions and empirical formulas. For example, the invention patent with publication number CN110826134A discloses a design method for urban building complexes based on comprehensive optimization of energy consumption and local microclimate. This patent only inputs the building temperature or heat flow distribution into a three-dimensional fluid dynamics model as boundary conditions to solve for the wind field and temperature field, and uses the solved temperature field and wind field to calculate the outdoor space microclimate index. However, it does not consider the impact of the ground environment where the building is located on the energy consumption and outdoor microclimate of the building complex, nor does it consider the impact of the installation of the integrated photovoltaic envelope structure on the outdoor environment and building energy consumption. Therefore, the outdoor space microclimate index calculated in this patent has a certain gap with the actual situation, which leads to inaccurate simulation results.

[0007] In summary, the current situation presents challenges such as an energy crisis, increased energy consumption in the building industry, and inaccuracies in traditional assessment methods. Therefore, the inventors have developed a comprehensive approach to photovoltaic building design, taking into account the combined influence of outdoor microclimate and building energy consumption to optimize photovoltaic building design and improve energy efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0008] This invention discloses a photovoltaic building design method based on the bidirectional coupling optimization of outdoor microclimate and energy consumption. Through the optimization model, more accurate simulation results can be obtained for the energy consumption of the photovoltaic building itself, photovoltaic power generation, and the outdoor microclimate around the photovoltaic building complex, providing accurate reference information for the low-energy design of photovoltaic buildings.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0010] A photovoltaic building design method based on the bidirectional coupling optimization of outdoor microclimate and energy consumption includes the following:

[0011] Step 1: Obtain the site plan, building plan, integrated photovoltaic building envelope information, HVAC system information, indoor personnel information, lighting information, equipment power density information, and building photovoltaic design scheme of the photovoltaic building site, and determine the typical meteorological parameters of the site in a given year;

[0012] Step 2: Based on the information collected in Step 1, establish an overall building energy consumption analysis model, photovoltaic calculation model, and three-dimensional fluid dynamics model;

[0013] Step 3: Calculate the building's energy consumption, exterior wall surface temperature, ground surface temperature, and waste heat emissions from the air conditioning system based on the energy consumption analysis model; calculate the photovoltaic surface temperature and photovoltaic power generation based on the photovoltaic calculation model.

[0014] The calculation method for waste heat emissions from air conditioning systems is as follows:

[0015] (1) Substitute the photovoltaic surface temperature back into the energy consumption analysis model to calculate the inner surface temperature T of the integrated photovoltaic envelope structure. PVI,i ;

[0016] (2) Calculate the change in building load Q caused by the heat transfer of the integrated photovoltaic envelope in the preliminary design scheme of building photovoltaics. PV :

[0017]

[0018] In the above formula, the parameters have the following meanings:

[0019] Q PV To account for changes in building load after adding an integrated photovoltaic envelope;

[0020] K PV,i Let be the heat transfer coefficient of the i-th integrated photovoltaic envelope, in W / (m²). 2 ·℃);

[0021] K i Let be the heat transfer coefficient of the original building envelope on the surface where the i-th integrated photovoltaic building envelope is located, in W / (m²). 2 ·℃);

[0022] A i The area of ​​the surface containing the i-th integrated photovoltaic envelope is expressed in m². 2 ;

[0023] T PVO,i Let be the photovoltaic surface temperature of the i-th integrated photovoltaic envelope, in °C;

[0024] T PVI,i Let be the inner surface temperature of the i-th integrated photovoltaic envelope, in °C;

[0025] T O,i The temperature of the original outer surface of the surface where the i-th integrated photovoltaic enclosure structure is located is in °C.

[0026] T I,i The temperature of the inner surface of the original photovoltaic enclosure structure on the surface where the i-th integrated photovoltaic enclosure structure is located is in °C.

[0027] (3) Calculate the waste heat emission Q of the air conditioning system after the integrated photovoltaic envelope is added to the building facade or roof:

[0028] When the air conditioning system is operating during the cooling period, the waste heat emission Q of the air conditioning system is calculated using the following formula:

[0029]

[0030] When the air conditioning system operates during the heating period, the waste heat emission Q of the air conditioning system is calculated using the following formula:

[0031]

[0032] Among them, Q c Q represents the cooling load of the air conditioning system. h EER is the air conditioning system heat load, COP is the air conditioning cooling performance coefficient, and EER is the air conditioning heating performance coefficient.

[0033] Step 4: Use the calculated building wall surface temperature, photovoltaic surface temperature, ground surface temperature, and typical meteorological parameters as boundary conditions for the three-dimensional fluid dynamics model, and input the waste heat emission of the air conditioning system as a heat source into the three-dimensional fluid dynamics model.

[0034] Step 5: Set data extraction network points for the three-dimensional fluid dynamics model. The three-dimensional fluid dynamics model outputs the spatial distribution of outdoor temperature field and airflow organization around the building. Extract outdoor temperature field and wind field data for different areas in a plane range. Input the extracted outdoor temperature field and wind field data into the energy consumption analysis model and photovoltaic calculation model to update the model calculation parameters.

[0035] Step 6: Repeat steps 3 to 5 to perform coupled simulation loop iteration, set the loop iteration stop condition, and use the last iteration data as the final data output, then the iteration step is completed;

[0036] Step 7: Set the simulation time period, repeat the calculation of each iteration step in Step 6, and obtain the building energy consumption index, photovoltaic power generation index and outdoor microclimate index around the building for the simulation time period.

[0037] Furthermore, in step 2, establishing a three-dimensional fluid dynamics model includes the following: establishing a computational domain, setting boundary conditions, dividing the grid into cells, generating a refined grid, and performing local refinement processing on the grid of the study area.

[0038] Furthermore, the specific execution content of step 6 is as follows:

[0039] Step 6.1: Based on the energy consumption analysis model and photovoltaic calculation model updated in Step 5, repeat Step 3, Step 4, and Step 5 to perform the calculation again. Each complete calculation of Step 3, Step 4, and Step 5 is considered as one coupled iterative calculation completed.

[0040] Step 6.2: Compare the calculation results of the building wall exterior surface temperature, ground surface temperature, photovoltaic surface temperature and the average temperature around the building for the Nth and N-1th times. When the percentage difference is less than the set value, the coupled simulation is complete.

[0041] Step 6.3: Output the building's energy consumption index, photovoltaic power generation index, and outdoor microclimate index around the building after the Nth coupled iteration.

[0042] Furthermore, in step 1, the HVAC system information includes indoor air conditioning and HVAC operating time, indoor temperature, HVAC system model, cooling efficiency, and heating efficiency; the lighting information includes lighting power density and switching time; the equipment power density information includes equipment power density and equipment utilization rate; and the building photovoltaic design scheme includes photovoltaic panel material model, laying plane and laying area, power generation efficiency, peak power temperature coefficient, and module effective area percentage.

[0043] Furthermore, the photovoltaic calculation model establishment in step 2 includes: photovoltaic surface setting, setting the photovoltaic surface, setting the surrounding shading, selecting photovoltaic modules, setting materials, peak power temperature coefficient, power generation efficiency, setting the effective area percentage of the module, and setting the surrounding environment albedo.

[0044] Furthermore, in step 4, the exterior surface temperature of the building wall, the ground surface temperature, and the photovoltaic surface temperature are used as the wall boundary and ground boundary temperatures of the three-dimensional fluid dynamics model. The waste heat emission of the air conditioning system is used as the heat source energy setting of the three-dimensional fluid dynamics model. Typical meteorological parameters are used as the initial boundary conditions of the three-dimensional fluid dynamics model. The roughness length is set according to the site and surrounding environment.

[0045] Compared with the prior art disclosed in CN110826134A, the present invention has the following differences:

[0046] (1) This invention takes into account the terrain conditions where the building is located, simulates the surface temperature of the building site, and inputs it as a boundary condition into the three-dimensional fluid dynamics model. It has already taken into account the impact of the ground environment on the energy consumption of the photovoltaic building complex and the outdoor microclimate.

[0047] (2) In addition to taking building temperature or heat flow distribution as boundary conditions, this invention also calculates the waste heat emission of the air conditioning system and inputs it into the CFD software as a heat source setting condition; while in the prior art, the cooling and heating load is only the final calculation quantity and is not included in the coupled model as a boundary condition.

[0048] (3) This invention takes photovoltaic buildings as the main body, calculates the photovoltaic surface temperature and photovoltaic power generation, takes into account the impact of adding an integrated photovoltaic building envelope on the outdoor environment and building energy consumption, and can also be used to more accurately evaluate photovoltaic power generation.

[0049] (4) In the prior art, there is only a single coupling and no final convergence is achieved; while the present invention performs multiple coupling iterations, sets the iteration stopping condition, selects the result after the final iteration is completed for analysis, and finds a more accurate iteration convergence value through multiple loop iterations to obtain more accurate simulation calculation data.

[0050] This invention calculates the exterior surface temperature of building walls, ground surface temperature, waste heat emissions from air conditioning systems, and photovoltaic surface temperature using an energy consumption analysis model and a photovoltaic calculation model. These are then used as temperature boundary conditions and heat source inputs for a three-dimensional fluid dynamics model. The outdoor temperature and wind fields calculated by the three-dimensional fluid dynamics model are used as initial conditions for the energy consumption analysis model to calculate building energy consumption, building surface temperature, and photovoltaic surface temperature. Through multiple iterations, the simulation results of building energy consumption and outdoor microclimate based on the bidirectional coupling of the energy consumption analysis model and the three-dimensional fluid dynamics model are obtained. This allows for more accurate calculations of photovoltaic building energy consumption, photovoltaic power generation, and the outdoor microclimate surrounding the photovoltaic building complex, increasing the accuracy and reliability of the simulation and reducing simulation errors. This is of great significance for evaluating the energy consumption and outdoor microclimate of near-zero energy buildings. Attached Figure Description

[0051] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the simulation calculation part of the design method of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 2 This is an example diagram of a building energy consumption analysis model in the simulation calculation section;

[0053] Figure 3 This is an example diagram of a three-dimensional fluid dynamics model used in the simulation calculation section. Detailed Implementation

[0054] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0055] This embodiment discloses a photovoltaic building design method based on bidirectional coupling optimization of outdoor microclimate and energy consumption. In the simulation calculation section, the established model can perform coupled analysis of indoor energy consumption and outdoor microclimate of the photovoltaic building, reducing the errors in the simulation output results of energy consumption and outdoor microclimate in existing simulation technologies. This increases the accuracy and reliability of energy consumption and outdoor microclimate simulations, providing new technical support for the implementation of building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) technology. The core simulation calculation part of the design method of this invention will be described in detail below.

[0056] like Figure 1 As shown, the photovoltaic building design method based on the bidirectional coupling optimization of outdoor microclimate and energy consumption includes the following:

[0057] Step 1: Obtain the site plan, building plan, integrated photovoltaic envelope information, HVAC system information, indoor occupant information, lighting information, equipment power density information, and building photovoltaic design scheme of the photovoltaic building site, and determine the typical meteorological parameters of the site in a given year.

[0058] Specifically, given the preliminary design scheme of a building under study, the preliminary site plan of the building, the building photovoltaic design scheme, and the HVAC system information, according to the requirements of GB55015-2021 "General Specification for Energy Conservation and Renewable Energy Utilization in Buildings" and GB / T51350-2019 "Technical Standard for Near-Zero Energy Buildings", the following parameters are obtained: indoor air conditioning and HVAC operating time, indoor temperature, per capita building area and occupancy rate, lighting power density and switching time, equipment power density and utilization rate. A typical meteorological year parameter file for the building site is also selected. The building photovoltaic design scheme includes photovoltaic panel materials and models, installation plan and area, power generation efficiency, peak power temperature coefficient, and effective module area percentage. The HVAC system information includes the HVAC system model, cooling efficiency, and heating efficiency.

[0059] Step 2: Based on the information collected in Step 1, establish as follows: Figure 2 The overall building's energy consumption analysis model (Energy), photovoltaic calculation model (PV), and so on are shown. Figure 3 The three-dimensional fluid dynamics model CFD is shown.

[0060] Specifically, based on the information collected in step 1, initial conditions are set in the energy consumption analysis software to establish an overall building energy consumption analysis model (Energy) encompassing the surrounding site. A photovoltaic (PV) calculation model is established in the photovoltaic analysis software, including: setting the photovoltaic surface, setting surrounding shading, selecting photovoltaic modules, setting materials, peak power temperature coefficient, power generation efficiency, setting the effective area percentage of modules, and setting the surrounding environmental albedo. Simultaneously, a three-dimensional fluid dynamics (CFD) model is established in the computational fluid dynamics software, including: establishing the computational domain, setting boundary conditions, dividing the grid into cells, generating a refined grid, and locally refining the grid in the studied area.

[0061] Step 3: Calculate the building's energy consumption, building wall surface temperature, ground temperature, and air conditioning system waste heat emissions based on the Energy analysis model; calculate the photovoltaic surface temperature and photovoltaic power generation based on the PV calculation model.

[0062] The calculation method for waste heat emissions from air conditioning systems is as follows:

[0063] 3.1: Calculate the photovoltaic surface temperature and photovoltaic power generation based on the PV model;

[0064] 3.2: Calculate the building's energy consumption, exterior wall surface temperature, ground surface temperature, and air conditioning system heating and cooling loads based on the Energy model.

[0065] 3.3: Substituting the photovoltaic surface temperature back into the energy consumption analysis model, the inner surface temperature T of the integrated photovoltaic envelope structure is calculated. PVI,i ;

[0066] 3.4: For the integrated photovoltaic (PV) envelope of a building, the calculation shows the change in building heating and cooling load (Q) due to changes in surface temperature, heat transfer coefficient, etc., after adding PV, compared to a conventional building envelope without PV installation, through heat transfer via the building facade and roof. PV :

[0067]

[0068] In the above formula, the parameters have the following meanings:

[0069] Q PV To account for changes in building load after adding an integrated photovoltaic envelope;

[0070] K PV,i Let be the heat transfer coefficient of the i-th integrated photovoltaic envelope, in W / (m²). 2 ·℃);

[0071] K iLet be the heat transfer coefficient of the original building envelope on the surface where the i-th integrated photovoltaic building envelope is located, in W / (m²). 2 ·℃);

[0072] A i The area of ​​the surface containing the i-th integrated photovoltaic envelope is expressed in m². 2 ;

[0073] T PVO,i Let be the photovoltaic surface temperature of the i-th integrated photovoltaic envelope, in °C;

[0074] T PVI,i Let be the inner surface temperature of the i-th integrated photovoltaic envelope, in °C;

[0075] T O,i The temperature of the original outer surface of the surface where the i-th integrated photovoltaic enclosure structure is located is in °C.

[0076] T I,i The temperature of the inner surface of the original photovoltaic enclosure structure on the surface where the i-th integrated photovoltaic enclosure structure is located is in °C.

[0077] 3.5: After installing an integrated photovoltaic envelope on the building facade or roof, calculate the waste heat emission Q of the air conditioning system based on the building's heating and cooling load obtained in step 3.2 and the change in building heating and cooling load obtained in step 3.4.

[0078] When the air conditioning system is operating during the cooling period, the waste heat emission Q of the air conditioning system is calculated using the following formula:

[0079]

[0080] When the air conditioning system operates during the heating period, the waste heat emission Q of the air conditioning system is calculated using the following formula:

[0081]

[0082] Among them, Q c Q represents the cooling load of the air conditioning system. h EER is the air conditioning system heat load, COP is the air conditioning cooling performance coefficient, and EER is the air conditioning heating performance coefficient.

[0083] Step 4: Use the building wall surface temperature, ground surface temperature obtained from the Energy calculation in Step 3 and the photovoltaic surface temperature obtained from the PV calculation in Step 3 as the wall boundary and ground boundary temperatures of the CFD model. Use the waste heat emission of the air conditioning system as the heat source energy setting of the CFD model. Use the typical meteorological parameters as the initial boundary conditions of the CFD model. Set the roughness length according to the site and surrounding environment.

[0084] Step 5: Set the data extraction network points, time step, turbulence model, solver, and convergence residual for the CFD model. After the CFD calculation converges iteratively, output the spatial distribution of outdoor temperature field and airflow organization around the building. Extract outdoor temperature field and wind field data for different areas in a planar range. Input the extracted outdoor temperature field and wind field data into the Energy model and the photovoltaic calculation model PV to update the model calculation parameters.

[0085] Step 6: Repeat steps 3 to 5 to perform coupled simulation loop iteration, set the loop iteration stop condition, and use the last iteration data as the final data output, then the iteration step is completed.

[0086] Specifically, it includes the following steps:

[0087] Step 6.1: Based on the updated model Energy and model PV in Step 5, repeat Step 3, Step 4, and Step 5 to perform the calculation again. Each complete calculation of Step 3, Step 4, and Step 5 is considered as one coupled iterative calculation completed.

[0088] Step 6.2: Set the stopping condition for the coupling simulation iteration. In each coupling iteration, calculate and output the external surface temperature of the building wall, the ground surface temperature, the photovoltaic surface temperature, and the average temperature around the building. Compare the calculation results of the Nth iteration and the (N-1th iteration). When the percentage difference is less than the set stopping condition for the coupling simulation iteration, the coupling simulation is completed.

[0089] Step 6.3: Output the building's energy consumption index, photovoltaic power generation index, and outdoor microclimate index around the building after the Nth coupled iteration.

[0090] Step 7: Set a specific simulation time period, repeat the calculation of each iteration step in Step 6, and obtain the building energy consumption index, photovoltaic power generation index and outdoor microclimate index around the building for that simulation time period.

[0091] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic building design method based on the bidirectional coupling optimization of outdoor microclimate and energy consumption, characterized in that, Includes the following: Step 1: Obtain the site plan, building plan, integrated photovoltaic building envelope information, HVAC system information, indoor personnel information, lighting information, equipment power density information, and building photovoltaic design scheme of the photovoltaic building site, and determine the typical meteorological parameters of the site in a given year; Step 2: Based on the information collected in Step 1, establish an overall building energy consumption analysis model, photovoltaic calculation model, and three-dimensional fluid dynamics model; Step 3: Calculate the building's energy consumption, exterior wall surface temperature, ground surface temperature, and waste heat emissions from the air conditioning system based on the energy consumption analysis model; calculate the photovoltaic surface temperature and photovoltaic power generation based on the photovoltaic calculation model. The calculation method for waste heat emissions from air conditioning systems is as follows: (1) Substitute the photovoltaic surface temperature back into the energy consumption analysis model to calculate the inner surface temperature T of the integrated photovoltaic envelope structure. PVI,i ; (2) Calculate the change in building load Q caused by the heat transfer of the integrated photovoltaic envelope in the preliminary design scheme of building photovoltaics. PV : In the above formula, the parameters have the following meanings: Q PV To account for changes in building load after adding an integrated photovoltaic envelope; K PV,i Let be the heat transfer coefficient of the i-th integrated photovoltaic envelope, in W / (m²). 2 ·℃); K i Let be the heat transfer coefficient of the original building envelope on the surface where the i-th integrated photovoltaic building envelope is located, in W / (m²). 2 ·℃); A i The area of ​​the surface containing the i-th integrated photovoltaic envelope is expressed in m². 2 ; T PVO,i Let be the photovoltaic surface temperature of the i-th integrated photovoltaic envelope, in °C; T PVI,i Let be the inner surface temperature of the i-th integrated photovoltaic envelope, in °C; T O,i The temperature of the original outer surface of the surface where the i-th integrated photovoltaic enclosure structure is located is in °C. T I,i The temperature of the inner surface of the original photovoltaic enclosure structure on the surface where the i-th integrated photovoltaic enclosure structure is located is in °C. (3) Calculate the waste heat emission Q of the air conditioning system after the integrated photovoltaic envelope is added to the building facade or roof: When the air conditioning system is operating during the cooling period, the waste heat emission Q of the air conditioning system is calculated using the following formula: When the air conditioning system operates during the heating period, the waste heat emission Q of the air conditioning system is calculated using the following formula: Among them, Q c Q represents the cooling load of the air conditioning system. h EER is the air conditioning system heat load, COP is the air conditioning cooling performance coefficient, and EER is the air conditioning heating performance coefficient. Step 4: Use the calculated building wall surface temperature, photovoltaic surface temperature, ground surface temperature, and typical meteorological parameters as boundary conditions for the three-dimensional fluid dynamics model, and input the waste heat emission of the air conditioning system as a heat source into the three-dimensional fluid dynamics model. Step 5: Set data extraction network points for the three-dimensional fluid dynamics model. The three-dimensional fluid dynamics model outputs the spatial distribution of outdoor temperature field and airflow organization around the building. Extract outdoor temperature field and wind field data for different areas in a plane range. Input the extracted outdoor temperature field and wind field data into the energy consumption analysis model and photovoltaic calculation model to update the model calculation parameters. Step 6: Repeat steps 3 to 5 to perform coupled simulation loop iteration, set the loop iteration stop condition, and use the last iteration data as the final data output, then the iteration step is completed; Step 7: Set the simulation time period, repeat the calculation of each iteration step in Step 6, and obtain the building energy consumption index, photovoltaic power generation index and outdoor microclimate index around the building for the simulation time period.

2. The photovoltaic building design method based on the bidirectional coupling optimization of outdoor microclimate and energy consumption as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Step 2, establishing a three-dimensional fluid dynamics model, includes the following: establishing a computational domain, setting boundary conditions, dividing the grid into cells, generating a fine-grained grid, and performing local refinement processing on the grid of the study area.

3. The photovoltaic building design method based on the bidirectional coupling optimization of outdoor microclimate and energy consumption as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The specific execution content of step 6 is as follows: Step 6.1: Based on the energy consumption analysis model and photovoltaic calculation model updated in Step 5, repeat Step 3, Step 4, and Step 5 to perform the calculation again. Each complete calculation of Step 3, Step 4, and Step 5 is considered as one coupled iterative calculation completed. Step 6.2: Compare the calculation results of the building wall exterior surface temperature, ground surface temperature, photovoltaic surface temperature and the average temperature around the building for the Nth and N-1th times. When the percentage difference is less than the set value, the coupled simulation is complete. Step 6.3: Output the building's energy consumption index, photovoltaic power generation index, and outdoor microclimate index around the building after the Nth coupled iteration.

4. The photovoltaic building design method based on the bidirectional coupling optimization of outdoor microclimate and energy consumption as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1, the HVAC system information includes indoor air conditioning and HVAC operating time, indoor temperature, HVAC system model, cooling efficiency, and heating efficiency; the lighting information includes lighting power density and switching time; the equipment power density information includes equipment power density and equipment utilization rate; and the building photovoltaic design scheme includes photovoltaic panel material model, laying plane and laying area, power generation efficiency, peak power temperature coefficient, and module effective area percentage.

5. The photovoltaic building design method based on the bidirectional coupling optimization of outdoor microclimate and energy consumption as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic calculation model establishment in step 2 includes: setting the photovoltaic surface, setting the surrounding shading, selecting the photovoltaic module, setting the material, peak power temperature coefficient, power generation efficiency, setting the effective area percentage of the module, and setting the surrounding environment albedo.

6. The photovoltaic building design method based on the bidirectional coupling optimization of outdoor microclimate and energy consumption as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4, the exterior surface temperature of the building wall, the ground surface temperature, and the photovoltaic surface temperature are used as the wall boundary and ground boundary temperatures of the three-dimensional fluid dynamics model. The waste heat emission of the air conditioning system is used as the heat source energy setting of the three-dimensional fluid dynamics model. Typical meteorological parameters are used as the initial boundary conditions of the three-dimensional fluid dynamics model. The roughness length is set according to the site and surrounding environment.

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