Antenna and wireless communication device

Abstract

The application discloses an antenna and a wireless communication device. The antenna comprises a substrate, a radiation unit and a dielectric component. The radiation unit and the dielectric component are fixed to the same surface of the substrate. The dielectric component is arranged in a spaced manner with the radiation unit. The dielectric component comprises a plurality of dielectric plates. The plurality of dielectric plates are arranged in a stacked manner in a direction perpendicular to the substrate. The dielectric constant of at least one dielectric plate in the plurality of dielectric plates is different from the dielectric constant of other dielectric plates. The antenna provided by the application can not only increase the radiation impedance of the antenna by arranging the dielectric component around the radiation unit, but also improve the channel capacity of the antenna by changing the spatial distribution of the radiation field of the radiation unit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communications, and more particularly to an antenna and a wireless communication device. Background Technology

[0002] With the explosive growth of information volume, the requirements for antenna information transmission performance are becoming increasingly stringent. Antenna signal transmission performance can be improved by increasing the antenna's channel capacity; therefore, how to improve antenna channel capacity has become an urgent issue to be addressed. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this application is to provide an antenna and a wireless communication device. The antenna provided by this application, by incorporating a dielectric component, not only increases the antenna's radiation impedance; but also, for a radiating element array composed of multiple radiating elements, suppresses the correlation coefficient between the multiple radiating elements, thereby improving the antenna's channel capacity and ultimately enhancing its information transmission capability.

[0004] In a first aspect, this application provides an antenna. The antenna includes a substrate, a radiating element, and a dielectric assembly. The radiating element and the dielectric assembly are fixed to the same surface of the substrate. The dielectric assembly is spaced apart from the radiating element. The dielectric assembly includes multiple dielectric plates, which are stacked in a direction perpendicular to the substrate. At least one of the dielectric plates has a dielectric constant different from the dielectric constants of the other dielectric plates.

[0005] In this implementation, the dielectric component can form a capacitive coupling with the radiating element, which is equivalent to adding a parallel capacitor to the parallel circuit formed by the radiating element and the substrate, thereby increasing the radiation impedance of the antenna and thus improving the channel capacity of the antenna.

[0006] Furthermore, the dielectric component can interact with the radiation field of the radiating element, thereby altering the spatial distribution of the radiation field. Different dielectric constants of dielectric plates interact differently with the radiation field. At least one of the dielectric plates in the dielectric component has a different dielectric constant than the others. By configuring different dielectric constants, the interaction between the dielectric component and the radiation field can be adjusted, resulting in a larger channel capacity for the antenna.

[0007] In some implementations, the multiple dielectric substrates include a first dielectric substrate and a second dielectric substrate. The first dielectric substrate and the second dielectric substrate are any two of the multiple dielectric substrates. The first dielectric substrate is located between the substrate and the second dielectric substrate, and the dielectric constant of the first dielectric substrate is less than that of the second dielectric substrate.

[0008] In this implementation, by setting a large dielectric constant on the upper side of the dielectric component, the distribution of the dielectric constant of the dielectric component is matched with the spatial distribution of the radiation field of the radiating element, thereby enhancing the ability of the dielectric component to change the radiation field of the radiating element, and thus increasing the ability of the dielectric component to improve the channel capacity of the antenna; the antenna has a larger channel capacity, and thus obtains better communication capability.

[0009] In some implementations, the dielectric constant of multiple dielectric substrates increases sequentially along a first direction, which extends from the substrate toward the dielectric assembly.

[0010] In this implementation, the dielectric constant of the dielectric component increases gradually in the direction away from the substrate, forming a gradual effect. This makes the distribution of the dielectric constant of the dielectric component more compatible with the spatial distribution of the radiation field of the radiating element, thereby further enhancing the ability of the dielectric component to change the radiation field of the radiating element and further increasing the ability of the dielectric component to improve the channel capacity of the antenna, thus further improving the channel capacity of the antenna.

[0011] In some implementations, the dielectric constant of each of the multiple dielectric substrates is in the range of 9 to 11.

[0012] In this implementation, the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate of the dielectric component is limited to the range of 9 to 11, so that the dielectric component can not only effectively refract electromagnetic waves and improve the channel capacity of the antenna, but also make the antenna have low loss, thereby obtaining the largest possible channel capacity.

[0013] In some implementations, the number of multiple media boards is three, four, or five.

[0014] In this implementation, a larger number of dielectric substrates results in a more continuous gradient effect, better matching the spatial distribution of the radiation field of the radiating element, and thus a greater channel capacity for the antenna. However, a large number of dielectric substrates increases manufacturing costs. A suitable number of substrates can be selected by balancing the required channel capacity with manufacturing costs.

[0015] In some implementations, the height of the dielectric component in the direction perpendicular to the substrate is in the range of 0.01λ0 to 0.2λ0, where λ0 is the operating wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the antenna.

[0016] In this implementation, by setting an appropriate dielectric substrate height to match the spatial distribution of the radiation field, the dielectric component can effectively refract electromagnetic waves and improve the channel capacity of the antenna.

[0017] In some implementations, there is a gap between the dielectric component and the radiating element, with the gap ranging from 0.01λ0 to 0.167λ0.

[0018] In this implementation, by setting an appropriate spacing, the interaction between the dielectric component and the radiation field is adjusted, thereby enabling the dielectric component to effectively refract electromagnetic waves and improve the channel capacity of the antenna.

[0019] In some implementations, the width of the dielectric component is in the range of 0.003λ0 to 0.133λ0, and the width of the dielectric component is the dimension of the dielectric component in a second direction, which is perpendicular to the surface of the dielectric component facing the radiating element.

[0020] In this implementation, by setting an appropriate width, the interaction between the dielectric component and the radiation field is adjusted, thereby enabling the dielectric component to effectively refract electromagnetic waves and improve the channel capacity of the antenna.

[0021] In some implementations, when the spacing is in the range of 0.01λ0 to 0.02λ0, the width of the medium component is less than or equal to 0.074λ0.

[0022] In this implementation, the width of the medium component needs to match the spacing; when the spacing is small, the width of the medium component should be correspondingly small.

[0023] In some implementations, when the spacing is in the range of 0.16λ0 to 0.167λ0, the width of the medium assembly is in the range of 0.003λ0 to 0.133λ0.

[0024] In this implementation, the larger the spacing, the less restriction the spacing places on the width of the medium component.

[0025] In some implementations, the number of radiating elements is M1*M2, and the M1*M2 radiating elements are arranged in an array of M1 rows and M2 columns, where M1 and M2 are positive integers greater than 0.

[0026] In some implementations, the dielectric components are located on the periphery of the radiating element array. There are multiple dielectric components, including a first dielectric component and a second dielectric component. The first dielectric component and the second dielectric component are any two of the multiple dielectric components. The first dielectric component and the second dielectric component are arranged opposite to each other on both sides of the radiating element array.

[0027] In this implementation, the dielectric components disposed on both sides of the radiating element array can suppress the correlation coefficient between multiple radiating elements of the antenna in a non-decoupling manner, thereby improving the channel capacity of the antenna and thus enhancing the information transmission capability of the antenna.

[0028] In some implementations, the first and second media components extend along the row or column arrangement direction.

[0029] In some implementations, M1 is equal to or greater than 2, and at least one of a plurality of dielectric components is provided between two adjacent rows of radiating elements;

[0030] M2 is equal to or greater than 2, and at least one of a plurality of dielectric components is provided between two adjacent columns of radiating units.

[0031] In this implementation, the intermediate dielectric component operates differently from the multiple radiating elements in each row and column, and improves the antenna's channel capacity through different principles. Specifically, for the multiple radiating elements in each row, the intermediate dielectric component positioned between adjacent rows increases the antenna's radiation impedance and suppresses the correlation coefficient between the multiple radiating elements through non-decoupling, thereby improving the antenna's channel capacity. Furthermore, the intermediate dielectric component positioned between adjacent rows can simultaneously provide non-decoupling to the radiating elements on both sides of the intermediate dielectric component; that is, the radiating elements on both sides of the intermediate dielectric component share the intermediate dielectric component. Conversely, for the multiple radiating elements in each column, the intermediate dielectric component positioned between adjacent rows changes the correlation coefficient between the antenna's radiating elements through decoupling, increasing the antenna's channel capacity.

[0032] Secondly, this application provides a wireless communication device, which includes the aforementioned antenna.

[0033] In this implementation, by setting a dielectric component around the radiating element of the antenna of the wireless communication device, not only can the radiation impedance of the antenna be increased, but the correlation coefficient between multiple radiating elements of the antenna can also be suppressed in a non-decoupling manner, thereby improving the channel capacity of the antenna and thus improving the information transmission capability of the antenna. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna provided in this application in some embodiments;

[0035] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A partial structural exploded view of the antenna shown.

[0036] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of the antenna section cut along point AA.

[0037] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the antenna's projection onto the surface of the substrate;

[0038] Figure 5AThis is a projection diagram of the antenna's radiating element array being a 1*4 row array;

[0039] Figure 5B for Figure 5A A projection diagram when the media components are removed;

[0040] Figure 6A yes Figure 5A The diagram shows the S-parameters of the antenna.

[0041] Figure 6B yes Figure 5B The diagram shows the S-parameters of the antenna when the dielectric component is removed.

[0042] Figure 7A for Figure 5A The radiation pattern of the first radiating element of the antenna shown.

[0043] Figure 7B for Figure 5A The radiation pattern of the second radiating element of the antenna shown;

[0044] Figure 7C for Figure 5A The radiation pattern of the third radiating element of the antenna shown.

[0045] Figure 7D for Figure 5A The radiation pattern of the fourth radiating element of the antenna shown.

[0046] Figure 8A for Figure 5A and Figure 5B A schematic diagram of the radiation efficiency of the antenna shown.

[0047] Figure 8B for Figure 5A and Figure 5B The diagram shows the correlation coefficient of the antenna.

[0048] Figure 9A yes Figure 5A and Figure 5B A schematic diagram showing how the channel capacity of the antenna varies with frequency;

[0049] Figure 9B yes Figure 5A and Figure 5B A schematic diagram showing how the channel capacity of the antenna varies with the signal-to-noise ratio;

[0050] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna provided in this application in some other embodiments;

[0051] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna provided in this application in some other embodiments;

[0052] Figure 12 yes Figure 1 The equivalent circuit diagram of the antenna shown is shown.

[0053] Figure 13 for Figure 1 The diagram shows the principle of the interaction between the radiating element and the dielectric component of the antenna. Detailed Implementation

[0054] The embodiments of this application are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" refers to two or more; "greater than" does not include the stated number. Furthermore, the term "connection" should be interpreted broadly; for example, "connection" can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Additionally, the term "and / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. The terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as implying or suggesting relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, features defined with "first" or "second" can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.

[0055] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna 100 provided in this application in some embodiments. The antenna 100 can be used in wireless communication devices with wireless communication functions. For example, wireless communication devices can be electronic products such as mobile phones, portable Android devices (PADs), wearable devices, in-vehicle or handheld navigation devices, in-vehicle or handheld walkie-talkies, positioning devices, etc.; they can also be base stations, autonomous (unmanned) vehicles, drones, satellites, etc. Among these, electronic devices can include laptops, PCs (personal computers), servers, monitors, and various computer peripherals in the computer field; mobile phones, telephones, and other terminals and terminal devices in the network communication field; home appliances and various digital products in the consumer electronics field; industrial PCs, various instruments and meters, and various control equipment in the industrial control field. Electronic devices can also include devices in the field of artificial intelligence, such as autonomous vehicles and drones.

[0056] For example, antenna 100 is used to transmit and receive electromagnetic wave signals. A wireless communication device can implement wireless communication functions through antenna 100, a communication module, and a processor. The antenna 100 and communication module of the wireless communication device are coupled, enabling the wireless communication device to communicate with networks and other devices via wireless communication technology. The communication module can be one or more devices integrating at least one communication processing module. The communication module receives electromagnetic waves via antenna 100, performs frequency modulation and filtering of the electromagnetic wave signals, and sends the processed signal to the processor. The wireless communication module can also receive signals to be transmitted from the processor, perform frequency modulation and amplification, and convert them into electromagnetic waves for radiation via antenna 100. In some embodiments, at least some functional modules of the communication module can be housed in the processor. In some embodiments, at least some functional modules of the communication module and at least some modules of the processor can be housed in the same device.

[0057] Wireless communication technologies may include Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), Time-Division Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA), Long Term Evolution (LTE), Bluetooth (BT), Global Positioning System (GPS), Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN), Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi), Near Field Communication (NFC), Frequency Modulation (FM), and / or Infrared (IR) technologies.

[0058] Please refer to the following: Figure 1 and Figure 2 , Figure 2 yes Figure 1A partial structural exploded view of the antenna 100 shown.

[0059] For example, the antenna 100 may include a substrate 1, a radiating element 20, and a dielectric assembly 3. The radiating element 20 and the dielectric assembly 3 are fixed to the same surface of the substrate 1, and the dielectric assembly 3 is spaced apart from the radiating element 20. Understandably, in this application, the projections of the dielectric assembly 3 and the radiating element 20 onto the third direction X and / or the second direction Y overlap, meaning the dielectric assembly 3 is considered to be located around the radiating element 20. Furthermore, the second direction Y is perpendicular to the surface of the dielectric assembly 3 facing the radiating element 20, the third direction X is parallel to the surface of the substrate 1, and there is a non-zero angle between the third direction X and the second direction Y.

[0060] For example, in this application, the operating frequency of antenna 100 can be in the range of 400MHz to 6GHz. By designing the electrical dimensions of the radiating element 20 of antenna 100, antenna 100 can operate in any existing frequency band range, such as: existing frequency bands can include low-frequency bands (400MHz to 433MHz, 868MHz to 960MHz) used for low-frequency narrowband communication technologies; frequency bands used for satellite search and positioning such as BeiDou and GPS (1575.42MHz, 1227.60MHz, 1561MHz and 1207MHz); and can also include 2G frequency bands (1800MHz). Antenna 100 can operate in various frequency bands, including GSM, WiFi / Bluetooth (2400MHz), 4G (1880MHz to 1900MHz, 2320MHz to 2370MHz, 2575MHz to 2635MHz), and 5G (3300MHz to 3400MHz, 3400MHz to 3600MHz, 4800MHz to 5000MHz). It can also operate in other existing frequency bands not listed in this application, or in frequency bands that may be added in the future; this application does not limit its operation in these areas.

[0061] For example, such as Figure 2 As shown, the dielectric assembly 3 may include a plurality of dielectric plates 30, which are stacked in a direction perpendicular to the substrate 1. At least one of the dielectric plates 30 has a dielectric constant different from the dielectric constants of the other dielectric plates 30.

[0062] For example, the dielectric component 3 is located on the periphery of the radiating element 20. In this application, the dielectric component 3 on the periphery of the radiating element 20 can form capacitive coupling with the radiating element 20, which is equivalent to adding a parallel capacitor to the parallel circuit formed by the radiating element 20 and the substrate 1, thereby increasing the radiation impedance of the antenna 100 and thus improving the channel capacity of the antenna 100. In addition, the dielectric component 3 can interact with the radiation field of the radiating element 20, thereby changing the spatial distribution of the radiation field of the radiating element 20, and the dielectric plates 30 with different dielectric constants have different effects on the radiation field. At least one of the dielectric plates 30 of the dielectric component 3 has a different dielectric constant than the other dielectric plates 30. By configuring different dielectric constants, the effect of the dielectric component 3 on the radiation field can be adjusted, so that the antenna 100 can obtain a larger channel capacity. The principle of the dielectric component 3 improving the channel capacity of the antenna 100 will be explained in detail later with reference to equivalent circuit diagrams and formulas.

[0063] For example, antenna 100 may include multiple spaced-apart radiating elements 20. Antenna 100 can function as either a signal receiver or a signal transmitter. Both antenna 100 as a signal receiver and antenna 100 as a signal transmitter may include multiple radiating elements 20. Signals can be transmitted through the multiple radiating elements 20 at the transmitter and receiver to form a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system. Multiple radiating elements 20 can increase the channel capacity of antenna 100 and improve its information transmission speed. Understandably, channel capacity refers to the minimum upper bound of the achievable rate when information can be reliably transmitted in a channel; that is, the channel capacity of a MIMO system refers to the minimum upper bound of the achievable rate when information can be reliably transmitted in a MIMO system. The channel capacity of a MIMO system reflects the information transmission speed of antenna 100; the larger the channel capacity of antenna 100, the faster the information transmission speed and the stronger the information transmission capability.

[0064] For example, multiple-input multiple-output systems can be used to realize wireless communication in information transmission devices such as base stations, autonomous (unmanned) vehicles, drones, and satellites.

[0065] For example, multiple radiating elements 20 can operate independently of each other or in combination. Each radiating element 20 in antenna 100 can be used to cover one or more communication frequency bands. Different radiating elements 20 can also be reused to improve the utilization of antenna 100.

[0066] For example, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, multiple radiating elements 20 are arranged in an array to form a radiating element array 2. The dielectric component 3 may be located around the periphery of the radiating element array 2. Understandably, the radiating element array 2 can be regarded as a whole, and the dielectric component 3 is located around the periphery of this whole.

[0067] In this application, when the antenna 100 includes multiple radiating elements 20, the dielectric component 3 located around the multiple radiating elements 20 not only increases the radiation impedance of the antenna 100, but also, because the dielectric component 3 is located around the multiple radiating elements 20 rather than between them, it can also, in a non-decoupling manner, change the spatial distribution of the radiation field of the radiating elements 20, thereby altering the superposition of the radiation fields between different radiating elements 20. This suppresses the correlation coefficient between the multiple radiating elements 20 of the antenna 100, and thus improves the channel capacity of the antenna 100. Furthermore, by configuring the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate 30, the interaction effect between the dielectric component 3 and the radiation field can be adjusted, allowing the antenna 100 to achieve a larger channel capacity.

[0068] In this embodiment, Figure 1 The radiating element array 2 shown is a one-dimensional H-plane linear array. Placing dielectric components 3 around the periphery of the one-dimensional H-plane linear array can improve its channel capacity. In some other embodiments, the radiating element array 2 can also be a one-dimensional E-plane linear array. Placing dielectric components 3 around the periphery of the one-dimensional E-plane linear array can also improve its channel capacity. It is understood that for a linearly polarized antenna, the cross-section passing through the direction of maximum radiation and parallel to the electric field vector is called the E-plane, and the cross-section passing through the direction of maximum radiation and parallel to the magnetic field vector is called the H-plane.

[0069] In some other embodiments, the antenna 100 may also include a radiating element 20, and the dielectric component 3 may be located around the radiating element 20. This application does not limit this.

[0070] In this application, when the antenna 100 includes a radiating element 20, the dielectric component 3 surrounding the radiating element 20 can form capacitive coupling with the radiating element 20. This is equivalent to adding a parallel capacitor to the parallel circuit formed by the radiating element 20 and the substrate 1, thereby increasing the radiation impedance of the antenna 100 and thus improving the channel capacity of the antenna 100. Furthermore, the dielectric component 3 can interact with the radiation field of the radiating element 20, thereby changing the spatial distribution of the radiation field of the radiating element 20. The dielectric plates 30 with different dielectric constants interact differently with the radiation field. At least one of the dielectric plates 30 in the dielectric component 3 has a different dielectric constant than the others. By configuring different dielectric constants, the interaction effect between the dielectric component 3 and the radiation field can be adjusted, allowing the antenna 100 to achieve a larger channel capacity.

[0071] For example, such as Figure 2 As shown, the radiating element 20 can be a metal patch structure, and the shape of the metal patch structure can be any continuous shape such as square, rectangle, circle, ring, triangle, or ellipse. In some other embodiments, the radiating element 20 can also adopt a dipole structure or a floating structure, etc., which is not limited in this application. For example, the radiating element 20 can adopt a single-polarized antenna structure, that is, it operates in one frequency band; or it can adopt a dual-polarized antenna structure, that is, it operates in two or more operating frequency bands.

[0072] For example, please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 yes Figure 1 The diagram shows a partial internal structure of the antenna 100 cut along section AA. The antenna 100 may also include a feed probe 4 for feeding electrical signals into the radiating element 20 and transmitting them through the radiating element 20. In other embodiments, the antenna 100 may also employ methods such as coaxial probe feeding, microstrip transmission lines, embedded microstrip lines, aperture-coupled feeding, or adjacent-coupled microstrip line feeding to feed electrical signals into the radiating element 20; this application does not limit the specific methods used.

[0073] The following provides an exemplary description of the specific configuration of the multiple media boards 30 in the media assembly 3:

[0074] For example, please refer to Figure 3 The dielectric constants of multiple dielectric substrates 30 can be distributed in a certain manner, so that the dielectric assembly 3 has a certain dielectric constant distribution pattern. The number of multiple dielectric substrates 30, the dielectric constant of each dielectric substrate 30, and the height H1 of each dielectric substrate 30 in the direction perpendicular to the substrate 1 affect the dielectric constant distribution pattern of the dielectric assembly 3. By designing the number of multiple dielectric substrates 30, the dielectric constant, and the height H1, multiple dielectric constant distribution patterns can be obtained.

[0075] Regarding dielectric constant:

[0076] For example, at least one of the dielectric substrates 30 located on the upper side may have a dielectric constant greater than that of all the dielectric substrates 30 located below it. In this application, the side of the substrate 1 where the radiating element 20 is located is the upper side. It is understood that the directional terms mentioned in the embodiments of this application, such as "upper side," are only for reference to the direction of the accompanying drawings. Therefore, the directional terms used are for better and clearer explanation and understanding of the embodiments of this application, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this application.

[0077] For example, the plurality of dielectric substrates 30 may include a first dielectric substrate 31 and a second dielectric substrate 32. The first dielectric substrate 31 is located between the substrate 1 and the second dielectric substrate 32, and the first dielectric substrate 31 and the second dielectric substrate 32 are any two of the plurality of dielectric substrates 30. The dielectric constant of the first dielectric substrate 31 is less than the dielectric constant of the second dielectric substrate 32. In this application, the number of dielectric substrates 30 below the first dielectric substrate 31 and the distribution of the dielectric constants of the dielectric substrates 30 are not limited, as long as the dielectric constants of the plurality of dielectric substrates 30 below the second dielectric substrate 32 are all less than the dielectric constant of the second dielectric substrate 32.

[0078] like Figure 3 As shown, the straight lines with arrows indicate the propagation direction of the electrical signals generated by the radiating unit 20. Understandably, the radiating unit 20 emits electrical signals in all directions, and the spatial distribution of the amplitude and phase of these signals in different directions forms a radiation field. There is an angle θ between the propagation direction of the electrical signals emitted by the radiating unit 20 and the direction perpendicular to the surface of the substrate 1. The spatial distribution law of the intensity of the radiation field of the radiating unit 20 is as follows: the radiation is weaker where the angle θ is closer to 90°; the radiation is stronger where the angle θ is closer to 0°, that is, the intensity of the radiation field of the radiating unit 20 increases sequentially along the direction away from the substrate 1.

[0079] In this application, the intensity of the radiation field of the radiating element 20 increases sequentially in the direction away from the substrate 1, and the dielectric plate 30 with a higher dielectric constant can more effectively refract electromagnetic waves. By setting a larger dielectric constant on the upper side of the dielectric component 3, the distribution pattern of the dielectric constant of the dielectric component 3 is matched with the spatial distribution pattern of the radiation field of the radiating element 20, thereby enhancing the ability of the dielectric component 3 to change the radiation field of the radiating element 20, and further increasing the ability of the dielectric component 3 to enhance the channel capacity of the antenna 100; the antenna 100 has a larger channel capacity, thus obtaining better communication capabilities.

[0080] In some other embodiments, such as Figure 3 As shown, the dielectric constants of the plurality of dielectric plates 30 increase sequentially along the first direction Z, meaning that the dielectric constants of the plurality of dielectric plates 30 can also increase sequentially along a direction away from the substrate 1. The first direction Z extends from the substrate 1 toward the dielectric assembly 3. In this application, the first direction Z can be perpendicular to the substrate 1; however, in some other embodiments, the first direction Z may not be perpendicular to the substrate 1, and this application does not limit this.

[0081] For example, the number of dielectric substrates 30 can be N, where N can be a positive integer greater than 1. The N dielectric substrates 30 sequentially include a first dielectric substrate 311, a second dielectric substrate 312, ..., and an Nth dielectric substrate along the direction away from the substrate 1. The first dielectric substrate 31 can correspond to the n1th dielectric substrate, the second dielectric substrate 32 can correspond to the n2th dielectric substrate, n1 is a positive integer less than N, n2 is a positive integer less than or equal to N, and n1 is less than n2. The dielectric constant of the Nth dielectric substrate is greater than that of the (N-1)th dielectric substrate, causing the dielectric constant of the dielectric component 3 to increase sequentially along the direction away from the substrate 1, creating a gradual effect. This allows the distribution of the dielectric constant of the dielectric component 3 to better match the spatial distribution of the radiation field of the radiating element 20, thereby further enhancing the ability of the dielectric component 3 to change the radiation field of the radiating element 20 and further increasing the ability of the dielectric component 3 to improve the channel capacity of the antenna 100, thus further improving the channel capacity of the antenna 100.

[0082] For example, the dielectric constant of each dielectric plate 30 in the plurality of dielectric plates of the dielectric assembly 3 is in the range of 9 to 11. Understandably, a lower dielectric constant of the dielectric plate 30 makes it difficult to effectively refract electromagnetic waves, reducing the ability of the dielectric assembly 3 to change the radiation field of the radiating element 20, thereby weakening the ability of the dielectric assembly 3 to increase the channel capacity of the antenna 100. Conversely, a higher dielectric constant of the dielectric plate 30 increases the loss resistance of the antenna 100, reducing the radiation efficiency of the antenna 100. A decrease in the radiation efficiency of the antenna 100 leads to a reduction in the channel capacity of the antenna 100. This application limits the dielectric constant of the dielectric plates 30 of the dielectric assembly 3 to the range of 9 to 11, so that the dielectric assembly 3 can not only effectively refract electromagnetic waves and increase the channel capacity of the antenna 100, but also enable the antenna 100 to have lower losses, thereby obtaining the largest possible channel capacity. In some other embodiments, the dielectric constant of some dielectric plates 30 of the dielectric assembly 3 may be less than 9 or greater than 11. The dielectric constant of the dielectric plate 30 of the dielectric component 3 can be selected according to the intensity of the radiation field generated by the radiation unit 20, so as to obtain a distribution mode of the dielectric constant of the dielectric component 3 that is more matched with the spatial distribution of the radiation field. This application does not limit this.

[0083] Regarding the number of dielectric plates 30:

[0084] For example, the number of dielectric substrates 30 can be three, four, or five. In this application, the dielectric constant of the dielectric substrates 30 increases sequentially in the direction away from the substrate 1, and when the difference between the maximum and minimum values ​​of the multiple dielectric substrates 30 remains constant, the more dielectric substrates 30 there are, the smaller the difference in dielectric constant between two adjacent dielectric substrates 30, thereby forming a more continuous gradient effect that better matches the spatial distribution of the radiation field of the radiating element 20. Theoretically, the intensity of the radiation field is continuously distributed in space. If the distribution of the dielectric constant of the dielectric component 3 perfectly matches the spatial distribution of the radiation field, the antenna 100 can obtain the theoretically maximum channel capacity. That is, the more continuous the distribution of the dielectric constant of the dielectric component 3 and the better it matches the spatial distribution of the radiation field of the radiating element 20, the greater the channel capacity of the antenna 100. However, a large number of dielectric substrates 30 will increase manufacturing costs. A suitable number of dielectric substrates 30 can be selected by balancing the required channel capacity and manufacturing costs.

[0085] In other embodiments, the number of dielectric plates 30 may be two, six or more, and this application does not limit this.

[0086] Regarding height H1:

[0087] For example, please refer to Figure 3 The height H of the dielectric component 3 can be in the range of 0.01λ0 to 0.2λ0, where λ0 is the operating wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the antenna 100. Understandably, the antenna 100 operates within a certain frequency range. When the antenna 100 operates at its center frequency, its impedance is the lowest, its efficiency is the highest, and its transmitted power is the greatest.

[0088] In this application, by setting a suitable height H1 for the dielectric substrate 30 to match the spatial distribution of the radiation field, the dielectric component 3 can effectively refract electromagnetic waves and improve the channel capacity of the antenna 100.

[0089] For example, the height H1 of the plurality of media plates 30 in the media assembly 3 may be equal to or unequal to each other, and this application does not limit this.

[0090] Understandably, the height H1 and dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate 30 at the corresponding location can be designed according to the spatial distribution law of the radiation field, thereby obtaining the theoretical maximum channel capacity.

[0091] Understandably, the aforementioned limitations on the dielectric constant, number, and height H1 of the plurality of dielectric plates 30 in the dielectric assembly 3 can exist independently or in combination. When the aforementioned limitations are combined, the antenna 100 can achieve a greater communication capacity and better communication capability.

[0092] For example, please refer to Figure 4 , Figure 4 yes Figure 1 The diagram shows a projection of the antenna 100 onto the surface of the substrate 1. The number of dielectric components 3 can be one or more. For example, the antenna 100 may include two dielectric components 3, which may be located on opposite sides of the radiating element 20. In some other embodiments, the two dielectric components 3 may also be located on adjacent sides of the radiating element 20. Furthermore, the antenna 100 may include one dielectric component 3, or it may include three or more dielectric components 3, such as four. The four dielectric components 3 may be located around the radiating element 20, where the radiating element 20 refers to all the radiating elements 20 of the antenna 100; that is, the four dielectric components 3 may be located outside the area where all the radiating elements 20 of the antenna 100 are located.

[0093] For example, please refer to the following: Figure 3 and Figure 4 At least one of the multiple media components 3 includes multiple media plates 30.

[0094] In some embodiments, the plurality of dielectric components 3 may include one or more constituent dielectric components 3, and the constituent dielectric components 3 may include a plurality of dielectric plates 30. The dielectric constant distribution of different constituent dielectric components 3 may be the same, that is, the dielectric constant, number, and height H1 of the plurality of dielectric plates 30 of different constituent dielectric components 3 may all be the same. The dielectric constant distribution of different constituent dielectric components 3 may also be different.

[0095] For example, at least one of the constituent dielectric components 3 may have a dielectric constant distribution that differs from the other constituent dielectric components 3. For instance, at least one of the dielectric constants, number, and height H1 of the multiple dielectric plates 30 of the constituent dielectric component 3 may differ from the other constituent dielectric components 3, and this application does not limit this.

[0096] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 4 A distance L1 exists between the dielectric component 3 and the radiating element 20. It should be noted that, in this application, the distance L1 is the minimum distance between the dielectric component 3 and the radiating element 20. For example, the distance L1 can be in the range of 0.01λ0 to 0.167λ0 (inclusive). In this application, by setting an appropriate distance L1, the interaction between the dielectric component 3 and the radiating field is adjusted, thereby enabling the dielectric component 3 to effectively refract electromagnetic waves and improve the channel capacity of the antenna 100.

[0097] For example, the width L2 of the dielectric component 3 can be in the range of 0.003λ0 to 0.133λ0. In this application, the width is the dimension of the dielectric component in the second direction Y. For example, the width L2 of the dielectric component 3 can be uniform or non-uniform. If the width L2 of the dielectric component 3 is non-uniform, then the width L2 of the dielectric component 3 is the average value of the dimensions of the dielectric component 3 in the second direction Y. In this application, by setting an appropriate width L2, the interaction effect between the dielectric component 3 and the radiation field is adjusted, thereby enabling the dielectric component 3 to effectively refract electromagnetic waves and improve the channel capacity of the antenna 100.

[0098] In this application, the width L2 of the dielectric component 3 needs to match the spacing L1. When the spacing L1 is small, the width L2 of the dielectric component 3 is correspondingly small. For example, when the spacing L1 is in the range of 0.01λ0 to 0.02λ0, such as 0.01λ0, the width L2 of the dielectric component 3 is less than or equal to 0.074λ0. Furthermore, the larger the spacing L1, the less restriction it places on the width L2 of the dielectric component 3. For example, when the spacing L1 is in the range of 0.16λ0 to 0.167λ0, such as 0.167λ0, the width L2 of the dielectric component 3 can be in the range of 0.003λ0 to 0.133λ0, providing a wider range of choices. However, if the spacing L1 and the width L2 are too large, the overall size of the antenna 100 will be larger, and the distance between structures will be greater, increasing the space occupied. Therefore, an appropriate spacing L1 and width L2 should be selected according to the actual application scenario.

[0099] Please refer to the following: Figure 3 and Figure 4 This application uses an antenna 100 comprising two dielectric components 3 as an example for illustration. Exemplarily, the antenna 100 may include a first dielectric component 301 and a second dielectric component 302, which can be any two of a plurality of dielectric components 3. The first dielectric component 301 and the second dielectric component 302 are disposed opposite to each other on both sides of the radiating element 20.

[0100] For example, M1*M2 radiating elements 20 can be arranged into a radiating element array 2 with M1 rows and M2 columns. Here, M1 and M2 are positive integers greater than 0. The dielectric components 3 can be located around the periphery of the radiating element array 2. There can be multiple dielectric components 3, which may include a first dielectric component 301 and a second dielectric component 302. The first dielectric component 301 and the second dielectric component 302 are any two of the multiple dielectric components 3, and are disposed opposite to each other on both sides of the radiating element array 2. In this application, the dielectric components 3 disposed on both sides of the radiating element array 2 can increase the radiation impedance of the antenna 100 and suppress the correlation coefficient between the multiple radiating elements 20 of the antenna 100 in a non-decoupling manner, thereby improving the channel capacity of the antenna 100 and further enhancing the information transmission capability of the antenna 100.

[0101] In some embodiments, the first medium component 301 and the second medium component 302 may extend along the row or column arrangement direction.

[0102] For example, M1 equals 1, M2 equals or greater than 2, the radiation unit array 2 is arranged in a row array, and the extension directions of the first dielectric component 301 and the second dielectric component 302 are parallel to the arrangement direction of the row array.

[0103] In this embodiment, as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the surface of the first dielectric component 301 facing the radiation unit 20 is a plane, the second direction Y is perpendicular to the surface of the first dielectric component 301 facing the radiation unit 20, and the width L2 of the first dielectric component 301 is the dimension in the second direction Y.

[0104] In some other embodiments, the surface of the first dielectric component 301 facing the radiation unit 20 may also be a curved surface or an irregular planar structure. In this case, the second direction Y may be multiple directions, and the dimensions in the second direction Y may also be different. The width of the first dielectric component 301 may be the average of the dimensions in multiple second directions Y. This application does not limit this.

[0105] For example, both the first dielectric assembly 301 and the second dielectric assembly 302 include four stacked dielectric plates 30, and the dielectric constants of the four dielectric plates 30 of the two dielectric assemblies 3 are distributed in the same way.

[0106] In some embodiments, both the first dielectric assembly 301 and the second dielectric assembly 302 include a first dielectric plate 311, a second dielectric plate 312, a third dielectric plate 313, and a fourth dielectric plate 314 sequentially stacked along the direction away from the substrate 1. The substrate 1 can be made of a material with a dielectric constant in the range of 2 to 11. For example, the substrate 1 can be made of a low dielectric constant material such as 2.65 or 3.0 to reduce the loss resistance of the antenna 100 and improve the gain. In other embodiments, materials with higher dielectric constants such as 7.0 or 9.0 can also be used to reduce the size of the resonant structure; this application does not limit this. The first dielectric substrate 311 can be made of Rogers TMM10 material with a dielectric constant of 9.2, the second dielectric substrate 312 can be made of Rogers TMM10i material with a dielectric constant of 9.8, the third dielectric substrate 313 can be made of Arlon AR1000 material with a dielectric constant of 10, and the fourth dielectric substrate 314 can be made of Rogers RO3010 material with a dielectric constant of 10.2. This embodiment uses existing commercially available materials for illustrative purposes, but the materials mentioned in this embodiment should not be considered as limitations on the technical solutions of this application. In other embodiments, multiple dielectric substrates 30 may also use dielectric materials with other dielectric constants, and this application does not limit them in this regard.

[0107] In some embodiments, the width L2 of the first dielectric component 301 and the second dielectric component 302 is 0.067λ0. The spacing L1 between the first dielectric component 301 and the second dielectric component 302 and the radiating element 20 is 0.01λ0.

[0108] The following diagram, with reference to the radiation performance of antenna 100, illustrates the gain effect of setting dielectric component 3 on the radiation performance of antenna 100.

[0109] Please see Figure 5A and Figure 5B , Figure 5A This is a projection diagram of the radiating element array 2 of antenna 100 when it is a 1*4 row array. Figure 5B for Figure 5A A schematic diagram of the projection when media component 3 is removed.

[0110] like Figure 5A and Figure 5B As shown, in this application, a 1*4 row array is used as an example to illustrate the gain effect of the dielectric component 3. The radiating element array 2 of the antenna 100 is a 1*4 array, that is, the radiating element array 2 of the antenna 100 adopts a four-port network model. For example, the radiating element array 2 of the antenna 100 includes a first radiating element 21, a second radiating element 22, a third radiating element 23, and a fourth radiating element 24.

[0111] Please refer to the following: Figure 6A and Figure 6B , Figure 6A yes Figure 5A The diagram shows the S-parameters of antenna 100. Figure 6B yes Figure 5B The diagram shows the S-parameters of antenna 100 without dielectric component 3. Figure 6A and Figure 6B In the diagram, the horizontal axis represents the frequency of the electrical signal fed into antenna 100, and the vertical axis represents the value of the S-parameters, which are expressed as loss values ​​in dB. Different frequencies of the electrical signal fed into antenna 100 result in different S-parameters for antenna 100. By feeding electrical signals of different frequencies into antenna 100, the corresponding S-parameters can be obtained, thus yielding the... Figure 6A and Figure 6B The S-parameter diagram shown.

[0112] The S-parameters include S11, S22, S33, S44, S21, S32, S31, and S42. S11, S22, S33, and S44 represent the return loss or reflection coefficient of each port, S21 represents the insertion loss or transmission gain, S31 and S42 represent near-end crosstalk, and S32 represents far-end crosstalk.

[0113] from Figure 6A and Figure 6B The comparison shows that, compared with not setting the medium component 3, the relatively large couplings S21 and S32 do not change much and are not reduced, but remain at a high level. This indicates that setting the medium component 3 will not affect the coupling between the radiating elements 20. In other words, the medium component 3 improves the channel capacity of the antenna 100 in a non-decoupling manner.

[0114] Please refer to the following: Figure 5A , Figure 5B , Figures 7A to 7D . Figure 7A for Figure 5A The radiation pattern of the first radiating element 21 of the antenna 100 shown. Figure 7B for Figure 5A The radiation pattern of the second radiating element 22 of the antenna 100 shown. Figure 7C for Figure 5A The radiation pattern of the third radiating element 23 of the antenna 100 shown. Figure 7D for Figure 5A The radiation pattern of the fourth radiating element 24 of the antenna 100 shown.

[0115] like Figures 7A to 7DAs shown, after setting the dielectric component 3, the radiation field of the radiation unit array 2 still maintains a classic and relatively rounded radiation pattern shape, indicating that the dielectric component 3 has little effect on the amplitude of the radiation field of the radiation unit 20.

[0116] Please refer to the following: Figure 8A and Figure 8B , Figure 8A for Figure 5A and Figure 5B A schematic diagram of the radiation efficiency of antenna 100 shown. Figure 8B for Figure 5A and Figure 5B The diagram shows the correlation coefficient of antenna 100. Figure 8A and Figure 8B The horizontal axis represents the frequency of the electrical signal fed into the antenna 100, and the vertical axis represents the radiation efficiency or the value of the correlation curve corresponding to different frequencies. Figure 8A The four dashed lines in the image represent... Figure 5A The radiation efficiency curves of the four ports of antenna 100 are shown below. The four solid lines represent the radiation efficiency of the four ports respectively. Figure 5B The radiation efficiency curves of the four ports of antenna 100 are shown when the dielectric component 3 is removed. Figure 8B The four dashed lines in the image represent... Figure 5A The correlation coefficient curves of the four ports of antenna 100 are shown below. The four solid lines represent... Figure 5B The figure shows the correlation coefficient curves of the four ports of antenna 100 when the dielectric component 3 is removed.

[0117] like Figure 8A As shown, the radiation efficiency of antenna 100 is significantly improved when dielectric component 3 is not used compared to when dielectric component 3 is not used; as Figure 8B As shown, compared to the case without dielectric component 3, the correlation coefficient between the radiating elements 20 of antenna 100 is significantly reduced when dielectric component 3 is provided. Combined with... Figure 8A and Figure 8B It can be seen that setting the medium component 3 can increase the radiation impedance of the antenna 100 in a non-decoupling manner, improve the radiation efficiency, and suppress the correlation coefficient between multiple radiation elements 20 of the antenna 100, thereby improving the channel capacity of the antenna 100.

[0118] Please refer to the following: Figure 9A and Figure 9B , Figure 9A yes Figure 5A and Figure 5B The diagram shows the channel capacity of antenna 100 as a function of frequency. Figure 9B yes Figure 5A and Figure 5B This diagram illustrates how the channel capacity of antenna 100 varies with the signal-to-noise ratio. Figure 9AThe horizontal axis represents the frequency of the electrical signal fed into antenna 100, and the vertical axis represents the channel capacity corresponding to different frequencies. Figure 9B The horizontal axis represents the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of antenna 100, and the vertical axis represents the channel capacity corresponding to different SNR values. Figure 9A and Figure 9B The dashed lines in the middle represent Figure 5A The channel capacity of antenna 100 shown is represented by the solid line. Figure 5B The channel capacity of antenna 100 is shown when the medium component 3 is removed; the theoretical value is the maximum channel capacity that antenna 100 can theoretically achieve.

[0119] like Figure 9A As shown, within the operating frequency band of antenna 100, the channel capacity of antenna 100 is significantly improved when dielectric component 3 is installed compared to when dielectric component 3 is not installed, with an improvement rate ranging from 10% to 16%. Figure 9B As shown, the channel capacity of antenna 100 increases with the increase of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of antenna 100. Compared with the absence of medium component 3, the channel capacity of antenna 100 is significantly improved when medium component 3 is provided. When the SNR is 20dB, the improvement rate of channel capacity of antenna 100 is 13% when medium component 3 is provided compared with the absence of medium component 3. Figure 9A and Figure 9B This indicates that setting up medium component 3 can effectively improve the channel capacity of antenna 100.

[0120] Please see Figure 10 , Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna 100 provided in this application in some other embodiments.

[0121] In some embodiments, such as Figure 10 As shown, multiple radiating elements 20 arranged along the third direction X form a row array, and multiple radiating elements 20 arranged along the second direction Y form a column array. It is understood that in this application, directional terms such as "row" and "column" are only for reference to the directions in the accompanying drawings. The directional terms used are for better and clearer explanation and understanding of the embodiments of this application, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of this application.

[0122] For example, such as Figure 10 As shown, the extension directions of the third dielectric component 303 and the fourth dielectric component 304 can be parallel to the extension direction of the row array, that is, parallel to the third direction X. And / or the antenna 100 may also include a fifth dielectric component 305 and a sixth dielectric component 306 on both sides of the radiating element array 2. The extension directions of the fifth dielectric component 305 and the sixth dielectric component 306 can be parallel to the extension direction of the column array, that is, parallel to the second direction Y.

[0123] For example, such as Figure 11 As shown, Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna 100 provided in this application in some other embodiments.

[0124] The third dielectric component 303 may include a plurality of spaced third dielectric elements 3031. The number of third dielectric elements 3031 may be the same as the number of columns of the radiation unit array 2. The plurality of third dielectric elements 3031 may be arranged one-to-one on one side of the plurality of columns of radiation units 20, that is, each column of radiation units 20 corresponds to one third dielectric element 3031.

[0125] In this application, if the projections of the structure and a certain radiating element 20 overlap in the third direction X or the second direction Y, the structure and the radiating element 20 can be considered to be "correspondingly configured". For example: Figure 4 As shown, the projection of the third dielectric element 3031 and the radiation unit 20 in the second direction Y overlaps, that is, the third dielectric element 3031 and the radiation unit 20 are arranged correspondingly.

[0126] In some other embodiments, the number of third dielectric elements 3031 may be less than the number of columns of radiating elements 20, and at least one third dielectric element 3031 may be provided corresponding to multiple columns of radiating elements 20. For example, the third dielectric element 3031 may be provided corresponding to two, three, five, or other numbers of radiating elements 20.

[0127] In some other embodiments, the number of third dielectric elements 3031 may be greater than the number of columns of radiating elements 20, and at least one column of radiating elements 20 may be correspondingly arranged with a plurality of third dielectric elements 3031. For example, one column of radiating elements 20 may be correspondingly arranged with two, three, five or other numbers of third dielectric elements 3031.

[0128] In some other embodiments, each column of radiating units 20 may be provided with at least one third medium element 3031, or some columns of radiating units 20 may not be provided with a third medium element 3031, that is, some columns of radiating units 20 may not have a third medium element 3031 on one side.

[0129] For example, the fourth media assembly 304 may also include a plurality of spaced fourth media elements 3041.

[0130] In some embodiments, the number of fourth dielectric elements 3041 can be the same as the number of columns of the radiating element array 2, and multiple fourth dielectric elements 3041 can be arranged one-to-one on one side of multiple columns of radiating elements 20. Alternatively, the number of fourth dielectric elements 3041 can be less than the number of columns of radiating elements 20, with at least one fourth dielectric element 3041 corresponding to multiple columns of radiating elements 20. Alternatively, the number of fourth dielectric elements 3041 can be greater than the number of columns of radiating elements 20, with at least one column of radiating elements 20 corresponding to multiple fourth dielectric elements 3041. Each column of radiating elements 20 can be corresponding to at least one fourth dielectric element 3041, or some columns of radiating elements 20 can not be corresponding to any fourth dielectric element 3041.

[0131] In this application, for example, the number of fourth medium elements 3041 in the fourth medium assembly 304 can be equal to the number of third medium elements 3031 in the third medium assembly 303. In this embodiment, the plurality of fourth medium elements 3041 in the fourth medium assembly 304 can be arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of third medium elements 3031 in the third medium assembly 303, or they can be arranged alternately. In some other embodiments, the number of fourth medium elements 3041 in the fourth medium assembly 304 can also be unequal to the number of third medium elements 3031 in the third medium assembly 303, as long as it is ensured that each column of radiating elements 20 can be arranged in a correspondence with a part of the structure of the third medium assembly 303 and / or a part of the structure of the fourth medium assembly 304.

[0132] For example, the fifth dielectric assembly 305 may also include a plurality of fifth dielectric elements 3051 spaced apart. The number of fifth dielectric elements 3051 may be the same as the number of rows of the radiating unit array 2, and the plurality of fifth dielectric elements 3051 may be arranged one-to-one on one side of the multiple rows of radiating units 20, that is, each row of radiating units 20 corresponds to one fifth dielectric element 3051. Alternatively, the number of fifth dielectric elements 3051 may be less than the number of columns of the radiating units 20, and at least one fifth dielectric element 3051 may be arranged corresponding to multiple rows of radiating units 20. Alternatively, the number of fifth dielectric elements 3051 may be greater than the number of rows of radiating units 20, and at least one row of radiating units 20 may be arranged corresponding to multiple fifth dielectric elements 3051. Each row of radiating units 20 may be arranged corresponding to at least one fifth dielectric element 3051, or some rows of radiating units 20 may not be arranged corresponding to fifth dielectric elements 3051.

[0133] The sixth dielectric component 306 may include a plurality of spaced-apart sixth dielectric elements 3061. The number of sixth dielectric elements 3061 may be the same as the number of rows in the radiating element array 2, and the plurality of sixth dielectric elements 3061 may be arranged one-to-one on one side of the multiple rows of radiating elements 20, that is, each row of radiating elements 20 corresponds to one sixth dielectric element 3061. Alternatively, the number of sixth dielectric elements 3061 may be less than the number of columns in the radiating elements 20, with at least one sixth dielectric element 3061 corresponding to multiple rows of radiating elements 20. Alternatively, the number of sixth dielectric elements 3061 may be greater than the number of rows in the radiating elements 20, with at least one row of radiating elements 20 corresponding to multiple sixth dielectric elements 3061. Each row of radiating elements 20 may correspond to at least one sixth dielectric element 3061, or some rows of radiating elements 20 may not correspond to any sixth dielectric element 3061.

[0134] In this application, for example, the number of sixth medium elements 3061 in the sixth medium assembly 306 can be equal to the number of fifth medium elements 3051 in the fifth medium assembly 305. In this embodiment, the plurality of sixth medium elements 3061 in the sixth medium assembly 306 can be arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of fifth medium elements 3051 in the fifth medium assembly 305, or they can be arranged alternately. In some other embodiments, the number of sixth medium elements 3061 in the sixth medium assembly 306 can also be unequal to the number of fifth medium elements 3051 in the fifth medium assembly 305, as long as it is ensured that each column of radiating elements 20 can be arranged in a correspondence with a part of the structure of the fifth medium assembly 305 and / or a part of the structure of the sixth medium assembly 306.

[0135] Furthermore, in this application, antenna 100 may include at least one of the third dielectric component 303, the fourth dielectric component 304, the fifth dielectric component 305, and the sixth dielectric component 306, or may include two, three, or four of them; this application does not limit this.

[0136] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 10 M1 is equal to or greater than 2. At least one medium component 3 from multiple medium components can be provided between two adjacent rows of radiating units 20 as an intermediate medium component 307. The extension direction of the intermediate medium component 307 is parallel to the third direction X. The intermediate medium component 307 can be a complete structural component or it can include multiple spaced medium components (not shown in the figure). The number of multiple medium components and their positional relationship with the multiple rows of radiating units 20 can be referred to the third medium component 3031, and will not be repeated here.

[0137] It should be noted that the intermediate medium component 307 operates differently from the multiple radiating elements 20 in each row of radiating elements 20 and the multiple radiating elements 20 in each column of radiating elements 20, and improves the channel capacity of the antenna 100 through different principles. Specifically, for the multiple radiating elements 20 in each row of radiating elements 20, the intermediate medium component 307 disposed between two adjacent rows of radiating elements 20 increases the radiation impedance of the antenna 100 and suppresses the correlation coefficient between the multiple radiating elements 20 of the antenna 100 in a non-decoupling manner, thereby improving the channel capacity of the antenna 100. Furthermore, the intermediate medium component 307 disposed between two adjacent rows of radiating elements 20 can simultaneously produce a non-decoupling effect on the radiating elements 20 located on both sides of the intermediate medium component 307, that is, the radiating elements 20 located on both sides of the intermediate medium component 307 share the intermediate medium component 307. For multiple radiating elements 20 in each column of radiating elements 20, the intermediate medium component 307 disposed between two adjacent rows of radiating elements 20 changes the correlation coefficient between the radiating elements 20 of the antenna 100 through decoupling, thereby increasing the channel capacity of the antenna 100.

[0138] In some other embodiments, M2 is equal to or greater than 2, and at least one of a plurality of dielectric components 3 may be provided between two adjacent rows of radiating elements 20 as an intermediate dielectric component 307. The extending direction of the intermediate dielectric component 307 may also be parallel to the second direction Y. The intermediate dielectric component 307 may be a single structural component or may include a plurality of spaced dielectric components, which will not be described in detail here.

[0139] In some embodiments, the antenna 100 may further include spacer elements (not shown), which are disposed between two adjacent radiating elements 20 in each row of radiating elements 20. The spacer elements can serve a decoupling function, changing the correlation coefficient between the radiating elements 20 of the antenna 100, thereby further increasing the channel capacity of the antenna 100. Exemplarily, spacer elements may be provided between every two adjacent radiating elements 20, or some adjacent radiating elements 20 may not have spacer elements between them; this application does not limit this.

[0140] In some embodiments, the antenna 100 may also include end dielectric elements (not shown), and the dielectric assembly 3 may also include end dielectric elements disposed at any one or both ends of each row of radiating elements 20. The end dielectric elements disposed at the ends of the plurality of radiating elements 20 can interact with the radiation fields of the radiating elements 20 located at both ends, thereby reducing the correlation coefficient of the antenna 100 and increasing the channel capacity of the antenna 100.

[0141] In this application, the antenna 100 may also be provided with both spacer dielectric elements and end dielectric elements, and this application does not limit this.

[0142] In this application, when the radiating element array 2 is expanded from a one-dimensional array to a planar array, the effect of the dielectric component 3 on improving the channel capacity of the antenna 100 still exists. Compared with not setting the dielectric component 3, setting the dielectric component 3 can increase the channel capacity by about 8%, which proves the applicability of the scheme of setting the dielectric component 3 in large-scale MIMO arrays. Moreover, the dielectric component 3 is simple, effective, convenient and easy to manufacture in practical applications, and has commercial value.

[0143] The following is Figure 1 Taking the antenna 100 shown as an example, the theoretical principle of how the dielectric component 3 improves the channel capacity of the antenna 100 is explained by combining the equivalent circuit of the antenna 100 and theoretical formulas. In this application, the dielectric component 3 is arranged around the radiating element 20, which can increase the radiation impedance of the antenna 100 and suppress the correlation coefficient between the multiple radiating elements 20 of the antenna 100 in a non-decoupling manner, thereby improving the channel capacity of the antenna 100.

[0144] First, the theoretical principle of how the dielectric component 3 increases the radiation impedance of the antenna 100 to improve the channel capacity of the antenna 100 will be explained.

[0145] Step 1: Equivalently treat the entire antenna 100 as a circuit consisting of resistors, capacitors, and inductors to obtain the radiation impedance of antenna 100.

[0146] Please refer to the following: Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 12 , Figure 12 yes Figure 1 The equivalent circuit diagram of antenna 100 shown.

[0147] The radiating element 20 of the antenna 100 can be equivalent to a resistor R. There is capacitive coupling and inductive coupling between the radiating element 20 of the antenna 100 and the substrate 1. That is, the capacitive coupling and inductive coupling between the radiating element 20 of the antenna 100 and the substrate 1 can be equivalent to a capacitor C1 and an inductor L. The capacitor C1 and the inductor L are connected in parallel with the resistor R. The resistor R, the capacitor C1 and the inductor L form the parallel circuit in the dashed box.

[0148] Among them, such as Figure 1 and Figure 12 As shown, there is capacitive coupling between the radiating element 20 of the antenna 100 and the two dielectric components 3. The capacitive coupling between the radiating element 20 of the antenna 100 and the first dielectric component 301 and the second dielectric component 302 can be equivalent to capacitors C2 and C3, respectively, and capacitors C2 and C3 are connected in parallel with the parallel circuit in the dashed box.

[0149] In addition, such as Figure 3 and Figure 12As shown, the two dielectric components 3 can also be equivalent to capacitors. For example, the first dielectric plate 311, the second dielectric plate 312, the third dielectric plate 313, and the fourth dielectric plate 314 of the first dielectric component 301 can be equivalent to capacitors C4, C5, C6, and C7, respectively. Similarly, the first dielectric plate 311, the second dielectric plate 312, the third dielectric plate 313, and the fourth dielectric plate 314 of the second dielectric component 302 can be equivalent to capacitors C8, C9, C10, and C11, respectively.

[0150] In this configuration, capacitors C4, C5, C6, and C7 are connected in series with capacitor C2 and in parallel with the parallel circuit within the dashed box; capacitors C8, C9, C10, and C11 are connected in series with capacitor C3 and in parallel with the parallel circuit within the dashed box, thus obtaining the following... Figure 12 The equivalent circuit shown.

[0151] Depend on Figure 12 The equivalent circuit shown shows that a dielectric component 3 is disposed around the radiating element 20. The dielectric component 3 can form a capacitive coupling with the radiating element 20, which is equivalent to adding a parallel capacitor to the parallel circuit formed by the radiating element 20 and the substrate 1, thereby increasing the radiation impedance of the equivalent circuit and thus improving the channel capacity of the antenna 100.

[0152] The second step is to qualitatively describe the relationship between radiation impedance and channel capacity by combining theoretical formulas, thereby explaining the theoretical principle that increasing radiation impedance can improve the channel capacity of antenna 100.

[0153] First point: Please refer to Shannon's formula (101). The channel capacity of antenna 100 can be obtained using Shannon's formula (101):

[0154]

[0155] In Shannon's formula (101), C represents the channel capacity of antenna 100, and E represents the bandwidth of antenna 100. For N R N-order identity matrix R and N T Here, SNR represents the number of receiving radiating elements 20 and transmitting radiating elements 20, respectively; SNR is the signal-to-noise ratio of antenna 100; and H is the normalized channel matrix. + Let H be the conjugate transpose of H.

[0156] From Shannon's formula (101), we can obtain the bandwidth E, signal-to-noise ratio SNR, and number N of receiving and radiating elements 20 of antenna 100. R The number N of emitting radiation units 20 TUnder unchanged conditions, the channel capacity C of antenna 100 is related to the normalized channel matrix H.

[0157] Second point: Please refer to formula (102). The normalized channel matrix H can be obtained using formula (102):

[0158]

[0159] In formula (102), H w Let R be a complex Gaussian random matrix of order 0 with mean 0 and variance 1. RX and R TX These represent the correlation matrices for the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna, respectively.

[0160] Please refer to formula (102), identity matrix (201), and matrix (202). Where R... TX Represented by the identity matrix (201), R TX The rank is N T R RX Represented by matrix (202).

[0161]

[0162]

[0163] Where, ρ ij For N R A matrix composed of correlation coefficients among the 20 receiving radiation units For N R The radiation efficiency η of each receiving radiation unit 20 i The row matrix formed For N R The radiation efficiency η of each receiving radiation unit 20 i The column matrix formed.

[0164] From formula (102), identity matrix (201), and matrix (202), we can obtain the normalized channel matrix H and the radiation efficiency η of the radiating element 20 of antenna 100. i The correlation coefficient ρ between the radiation unit 20 and the radiation unit 20 ij related.

[0165] Combining the first and second points, we can obtain: the bandwidth E of antenna 100, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and the number N of receiving and radiating elements 20. R The number N of emitting radiation units 20 T Under the condition that remains unchanged, the channel capacity C of antenna 100 and the radiation efficiency η of the radiating element 20 of antenna 100 are related. i The correlation coefficient ρ between the radiation unit 20 and the radiation unit 20 ijFurthermore, substituting formula (102) into formula (101) and performing analysis, we can obtain: the channel capacity C of antenna 100 varies with the radiation efficiency η. i The channel capacity C of antenna 100 increases with the increase of the correlation coefficient ρ. ij It increases as it decreases.

[0166] Third point: Please refer to formula (103), radiation efficiency η i It can be obtained through formula (103):

[0167]

[0168] Among them, R ∑i R represents the radiation resistance of antenna 100. l This represents the loss resistance of antenna 100.

[0169] From formula (103), we can obtain the radiation efficiency η. i The radiation resistance R of the equivalent circuit can vary with ∑i The radiation resistance increases with the increase in the amount of radiation. This application increases the radiation impedance of the equivalent circuit by providing a dielectric component 3 around the radiation element 20, thereby increasing the radiation resistance R of the equivalent circuit. ∑i This increases the radiation efficiency η of antenna 100. i This, in turn, improves the channel capacity C of antenna 100.

[0170] Secondly, the correlation coefficient ρ between the multiple radiating elements 20 of the antenna 100 is suppressed by employing a non-decoupling method for the dielectric component 3. ij The theoretical principle of improving the channel capacity of antenna 100 will be explained.

[0171] Please see Figure 13 , Figure 13 for Figure 1 The diagram illustrates the interaction between the radiating element 20 and the dielectric component 3 of the antenna 100. The straight lines with arrows indicate the propagation direction of the electrical signal generated by the radiating element 20.

[0172] In some embodiments, the radiating unit 20 emits an electrical signal X1, which propagates away from the radiating unit 20. For example, the electrical signal X1 can propagate parallel to the substrate 1 or at an angle greater than 0° to the plane of the substrate 1. In this application, the angle can be 2°, 45°, 90°, etc. When the angle between the propagation direction of the electrical signal X1 and the plane of the substrate 1 is 90°, the electrical signal X1 propagates upward. When the angle between the propagation direction of the electrical signal X1 and the plane of the substrate 1 is greater than 0° and less than 90°, the electrical signal X1 propagates obliquely upward. In this case, the electrical signal X1 will encounter the dielectric component 3 surrounding the radiating unit 20 and interact with the dielectric component 3.

[0173] For example, when the electrical signal X1 emitted by the radiating unit 20 encounters the dielectric component 3, it undergoes reflection and transmission. Specifically, as... Figure 13 As shown, the electrical signal X1 emitted by the radiation unit 20 contacts the dielectric assembly 3. A portion of the electrical signal X1 is reflected on the contact plane, becoming a reflected electrical signal X2; the other portion of the electrical signal X1 enters the dielectric assembly 3, is refracted, and is transmitted out through the transmission plane, leaving the dielectric assembly 3 as a transmitted electrical signal X3. The contact plane is the surface on which the electrical signal X1 emitted by the radiation unit 20 first contacts or interacts with the dielectric assembly 3. The transmission plane is the surface on which the electrical signal X3 entering the dielectric assembly 3 finally contacts or interacts with the dielectric assembly 3. The transmission plane can be parallel to the transmission plane or have an angle of non-zero° with the transmission plane; this application does not limit this.

[0174] Among them, the amplitude and / or phase of the reflected electrical signal X2 and the transmitted electrical signal X3 change with the electrical signal X1 emitted by the radiation unit 20, that is, the spatial distribution of the radiation field of the radiation unit 20 changes.

[0175] In this application, the dielectric component 3 located around the multiple radiating elements 20 can change the spatial distribution of the radiation field of the radiating elements 20 in a non-decoupling manner, thereby changing the superposition result of the radiation fields between different radiating elements 20. The correlation coefficient ρ of the antenna 100... ij The correlation coefficient ρ of the antenna 100 is influenced by the superposition of the radiation fields from multiple radiating elements 20, as obtained from the dot product of the far-field point field. The dielectric component 3 can suppress the correlation coefficient ρ of the antenna 100 by altering the spatial distribution of the radiation field from the radiating elements 20. ij The technical effect is to reduce the correlation coefficient ρ of the antenna by 100. ij .

[0176] In addition, the bandwidth E, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and number N of receiving and radiating elements 20 of antenna 100 are also considered. R The number N of emitting radiation units 20 TUnder the condition that remains unchanged, the channel capacity C of antenna 100 and the radiation efficiency η of the radiating element 20 of antenna 100 are related. i The correlation coefficient ρ between the radiation unit 20 and the radiation unit 20 ij The channel capacity C of antenna 100 is related to the correlation coefficient ρ. ij The correlation coefficient ρ of the antenna 100 increases as the radiation field of the radiating element 20 decreases. Therefore, the dielectric component 3 can reduce the correlation coefficient ρ of the antenna 100 by changing the spatial distribution of the radiation field of the radiating element 20. ij This will further improve the channel capacity of antenna 100.

[0177] It should be noted that, as Figure 13 As shown, dielectric plates 30 with different dielectric constants have different effects on the radiation field. By configuring different dielectric constants, the effect of the dielectric component 3 on the radiation field can be adjusted, so that the antenna 100 can obtain a larger channel capacity.

[0178] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Where there is no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An antenna, characterized in that, The device includes a substrate, a radiating unit, and a dielectric assembly. The radiating unit and the dielectric assembly are fixed on the same surface of the substrate. The dielectric assembly is spaced apart from the radiating unit and there is capacitive coupling between the dielectric assembly and the radiating unit. The dielectric assembly includes multiple dielectric plates, which are stacked in a direction perpendicular to the substrate. At least one of the dielectric plates has a different dielectric constant than the other dielectric plates.

2. The antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The plurality of dielectric plates includes a first dielectric plate and a second dielectric plate, wherein the first dielectric plate and the second dielectric plate are any two of the plurality of dielectric plates, the first dielectric plate is located between the substrate and the second dielectric plate, and the dielectric constant of the first dielectric plate is less than that of the second dielectric plate.

3. The antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The dielectric constants of the plurality of dielectric plates increase sequentially along a first direction, which extends from the substrate toward the dielectric assembly.

4. The antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The dielectric constant of each of the plurality of dielectric plates is in the range of 9 to 11.

5. The antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The number of the plurality of dielectric plates is three, four, or five.

6. The antenna as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The height of the dielectric assembly in the direction perpendicular to the substrate is 0.

01. Up to 0.2 Within the range, The operating wavelength corresponds to the center frequency of the antenna.

7. The antenna as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that, There is a gap between the dielectric component and the radiating element, the gap being 0.

01. up to 0.167 Within the range.

8. The antenna as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that, The width of the medium assembly is 0.

003. up to 0.133 Within a certain range, the width of the medium assembly is the dimension of the medium assembly in a second direction, which is perpendicular to the surface of the medium assembly facing the radiating unit.

9. The antenna as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that, When the spacing is 0.01 Up to 0.02 When the width of the medium assembly is within the specified range, it is less than or equal to 0.

074. .

10. The antenna as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that, When the spacing is 0.16 0.167 When the width of the medium assembly is within the range of 0.003, the width of the medium assembly is within the range of 0.

003. up to 0.133 Within the range.

11. The antenna as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The number of radiation units is M1 M2 units, M1 M2 of the aforementioned radiating elements are arranged in an array of radiating elements with rows M1 and columns M2, where M1 and M2 are positive integers greater than 0.

12. The antenna as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that, The number of the dielectric components is multiple, including a first dielectric component and a second dielectric component. The first dielectric component and the second dielectric component are any two of the multiple dielectric components, and the first dielectric component and the second dielectric component are disposed opposite to each other on both sides of the radiation unit array.

13. The antenna as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that, The media component extends along the arrangement direction of the row or column.

14. The antenna as claimed in claim 12, characterized in that, M1 is equal to or greater than 2, and at least one of the plurality of dielectric components is provided between two adjacent rows of the radiation units; Or M2 is equal to or greater than 2, and at least one of the plurality of medium components is provided between two adjacent columns of the radiation units.

15. A wireless communication device, characterized in that, The antenna includes any one of claims 1 to 14.

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