A matching type PFL-Marx generator circuit and a method for generating high-voltage pulses

Abstract

The application relates to pulse power technology, and aims to solve the problem that a PFL-Marx generator is difficult to output a high-voltage pulse with a fast front and a quasi-square wave because the output pulse of the PFL-Marx generator is affected by a switch conduction process and a ground structure capacitor during superposition i And a short-circuit switch S i The high-voltage pole of a pulse forming line module PFL1 is connected with an external charging high-voltage pole, and the low-voltage pole is connected with the ground; the high-voltage pole of a pulse forming line module PFL i And the low-voltage pole of a pulse forming line module PFL i+1 The high-voltage pole of a connecting transmission line CL i,i+1 , the short-circuit switch S i And the high-voltage pole of the connecting transmission line CL i+1,i The high-voltage pole of the pulse forming line module PFL i And the high-voltage pole of the pulse forming line module PFL i+1 The high-voltage isolation inductor L h Between the low-voltage pole of the pulse forming line module PFL i And the low-voltage pole of the pulse forming line module PFL i+1 The low-voltage isolation inductor L e Is connected; and the application further provides a high-voltage pulse generation method of the matching PFL-Marx generator circuit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of pulse power technology, specifically to a matched PFL-Max generator circuit and a method for generating high-voltage pulses. Background Technology

[0002] A pulsed power device is a device that pre-stores electrical energy and rapidly releases it to a load within a short period of time. It is widely used in high-power microwave, X-ray and other fields. In order to realize its practical value, the pulsed power device must be miniaturized.

[0003] In practical applications, to generate high-quality electron beams, pulsed power devices are generally required to produce fast-leading quasi-square wave pulses with pulse widths ranging from tens to hundreds of nanoseconds. Traditional pulsed power devices use bulky coaxial pulse forming lines to generate square waves, making miniaturization difficult. The PFL-Marx generator is a pulsed power device that uses a pulse forming line or artificial line as the energy storage unit of the Marx generator. It has the natural advantage of integrating voltage boosting and pulse modulation, and is one of the most promising types for achieving modularization and miniaturization of pulsed power devices.

[0004] However, since the output pulse of the PFL-Marx generator is formed by the superposition of energy released by multi-stage pulse forming lines or artificial lines, and its superposition process is affected by the switching conduction process, ground structural capacitance, etc., the PFL-Marx generator often struggles to output fast-rising-edge quasi-square wave pulses. For example, the Marx generator developed in the paper "Zhang H, Shu T, Liu S, et al. A CompactModular 5 GW Pulse PFN-Marx Generator for Driving HPM Source[J]. Electronics,2021, 10(5):545" has an output pulse leading edge of 28ns. Although the Marx generator developed in the paper "Vezinet R, Lassalle F, Tortel S, et al. Development of a compact narrow-band high powermicrowave system[C]. Power Modulators and High Voltage Conference, IEEEInternational, 2016." has a leading edge of 5ns, its flat-top oscillation is relatively large, and there is room for further improvement in waveform quality.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to design a PFL-Marx generator circuit so that the energy output from each stage of the pulse forming line can be superimposed in an orderly manner, while reducing the influence of stray capacitance on the output pulse, so as to output a high-voltage pulse with a fast leading edge and a quasi-square wave. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention addresses the problem that existing PFL-Marx generators struggle to output fast-rising-edge, quasi-square-wave high-voltage pulses during the pulse superposition process due to the influence of switching conduction and ground capacitance. It proposes a matched PFL-Marx generator circuit and a method for generating high-voltage pulses.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution proposed by this invention is as follows:

[0008] A matched PFL-Marx generator circuit includes n pulse forming line modules (PFL). i and short circuit switch S i Where i = 1, 2, ..., n, n ≥ 2; its special feature is:

[0009] When i=1, the high-voltage terminal of the pulse forming line module PFL1 is connected to the high-voltage terminal of the external power supply, and the low-voltage terminal is connected to the ground terminal of the external power supply; the connection transmission line CL connected to the pulse forming line module PFL1 1,2 The low-voltage terminal is connected to the ground terminal of the external power supply and the transmission line CL. 2,1 Low-voltage electrode connection;

[0010] When 1 < i < n, the pulse forming line module (PFL) i High voltage electrode and pulse forming line module PFL i+1 A connecting transmission line CL is connected in series between the low-voltage electrodes. i,i+1 High voltage electrode, short circuit switch S i and connecting transmission line CL i+1,i The high voltage electrode; connecting transmission line CL i,i-1 Low voltage electrode, connecting transmission line CL i,i+1 Low voltage electrode, connecting transmission line CL i+1,i Low voltage electrode, connecting transmission line CL i+1,i+2 The low-voltage electrodes are connected in sequence;

[0011] The pulse forming line module PFL i High voltage electrode and pulse forming line module PFL i+1 A high-voltage isolation inductor L is connected between the high-voltage electrodes. h Pulse forming line module PFL i Low-voltage electrode and pulse forming line module PFL i+1 A low-voltage isolation inductor L is connected between the low-voltage electrodes. e ;

[0012] When i=n, ​​the short-circuit switch S n One end is connected to the transmission line CL n,n+1 One end is connected to the high-voltage electrode, and the other end is connected to one end of an external load, with the other end of the external load connected to ground; the connection transmission line CL n,n+1 The low-voltage terminal is connected to the low-voltage terminal of the external load.

[0013] Among them, the high-voltage isolation inductor L h and low-voltage isolation inductor L e It serves to facilitate charging and conduction, and to isolate discharging; short-circuit switch S n The other side is connected to one side of the external load, and the other side of the external load is grounded.

[0014] Furthermore, the pulse forming line module PFL i The impedance is Z i Z i The following impedance matching conditions must be met:

[0015]

[0016] The connection transmission line CL i,i+1 The impedance is Z i,i+1 Connect transmission line CL i+1,i The impedance is Z i+1,i ;

[0017] Z i,i+1 With Z i+1,i The following impedance matching conditions must be met:

[0018]

[0019]

[0020] Where Z0 is the matching load impedance of the PFL-Marx generator.

[0021] Furthermore, the pulse forming line module PFL i The transmission time is τ i S i The closing time is t i Connect transmission line CL i,i+1 The transmission time is τ i,i+1 Connect transmission line CL i+1,i The transmission time is τ i+1,i , and τ i t i τ i,i+1 With τ i+1,i The following transmission time matching conditions must be met:

[0022] i=1

[0023] i=2,3,…,n

[0024] i=2,3,…,n

[0025] Where: τ0 is the output pulse width of the PFL-Marx generator, and t1 is the closing time of the short-circuit switch S1.

[0026] Furthermore, the pulse forming line module PFL i It contains a transmission line assembly.

[0027] Furthermore, the transmission line assembly is a transmission line that uses materials such as thin films or ceramics as the energy storage medium;

[0028] Alternatively, the transmission line assembly may be an artificial line composed of a pulse forming network.

[0029] Furthermore, the short-circuit switch S i It can be a gas switch or a semiconductor switch.

[0030] Furthermore, the high-voltage isolation inductor L h and low-voltage isolation inductor L e All are made by spirally winding wire.

[0031] Meanwhile, this invention also proposes a method for generating high-voltage pulses in a matched PFL-Marx generator circuit, used to implement a matched PFL-Marx generator circuit, characterized by the following steps:

[0032] Step 1: Connect the external charging high voltage electrode to the high voltage electrode of the pulse forming line module PFL1, and connect it through each pulse forming line module PFL1. i The high-voltage isolation inductor L connected between the high-voltage electrodes h For each pulse forming line module PFL i Parallel charging;

[0033] Step 2: When the short-circuit switch S1 is closed and conducting, the pulse forming line module PFL1 and the connecting transmission line CL... 1,2 The output pulse enters the connection transmission line CL without reflection. 2,1 In the middle, and further transmitted to the connecting transmission line CL. 2,1 Pulse forming line module PFL2 and connecting transmission line CL 2,3 At the interface between the three, the transmission line CL is connected. 2,1 The pulses output from the pulse forming line module PFL2 are superimposed on each other and enter the connection transmission line CL without reflection.2,3 Continue transmission in CL 2,3 The output voltage pulse enters the connection transmission line CL in the reverse direction without reflection. 2,1 And in the pulse forming line module PFL2;

[0034] Step 3: When the short-circuit switch S... i When closed and on, the pulse forming line module PFL i Reflection-free superposition and transmission to CL i,i+1 The pulse continues to enter the connection transmission line Cl without reflection. i+1,i In the middle, and further transmitted to the connecting transmission line CL. i+1,i Pulse forming line module PFL i+1 and connecting transmission line CL i+1,i+2 At the interface between the three, the transmission line CL is connected. i+1,i With Pulse Forming Line Module (PFL) i+1 The output pulses are superimposed and enter the connection transmission line Cl without reflection. i+1,i+2 Continue transmission; connect transmission line CL i+1,i+2 The output voltage pulse enters the connection transmission line CL in the reverse direction without reflection. i+1,i Pulse forming line module PFL i+1 middle;

[0035] Step 4: When the short-circuit switch S... n When closed and conducting, n pulses form the line module PFL. i The voltage pulses are superimposed and transmitted to the connection transmission line CL without reflection. n,n+1 In, and further through short-circuit switch S n The high-voltage pulse is released to the load, thereby obtaining the output of the matched PFL-Marx generator circuit.

[0036] Furthermore, n=15;

[0037] Pulse forming line module PFL i impedance ;

[0038] The connection transmission line CL i,i+1 impedance Z i,i+1 and connecting transmission line CL i+1,i impedance Z i+1,i for

[0039]

[0040] ;

[0041] Configure the connection transmission line CL i,i+1 The transmission time is 0.12ns, and the connection to the transmission line CL... i+1,iWhen the transmission time is 0.18 ns,

[0042] In step one, the external charging high voltage electrode is connected to the high voltage isolation inductor L on the pulse forming line module PFL1. h The charging voltage for charging is U0;

[0043] In step two, the moment when the short-circuit switch S1 closes and conducts is 0, then the transmission time τ1 of the pulse forming line module PFL1 is 22.38 ns;

[0044] In step three, the short-circuit switch S i The time t when the conduction is closed i =0.3(i-1)ns, i=2,3,…,14, then the pulse forming line module PFL i Transmission time τ i =22.5ns, i=2,3,…,14;

[0045] In step four, the short-circuit switch S 15 The conduction time is 4.2ns, Pulse forming line module (PFL) 15 Transmission time τ 15 =22.5ns, thus obtaining a fast-rising-edge quasi-square wave high-voltage pulse with an amplitude of 7.5U0 and a pulse width of 45ns for the matched PFL-Marx generator circuit to output voltage to the external matched load.

[0046] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0047] [1] The PFL pulse forming line modules in the matched PFL-Marx generator circuit of the present invention i The energy stored in the module can be orderly and completely superimposed and synchronously released to the external load, while the energy generated by the pulse forming line module (PFL) can be distributed in a controlled manner. i The stray energy in the transmission line formed by the high-voltage and low-voltage electrodes and the ground potential is output to the external load after the main pulse is released, and it does not affect the main pulse. In this way, a high-quality fast-leading quasi-square wave pulse can be formed on the external load, which is beneficial for driving high-power microwave generating devices.

[0048] [2] The pulse forming line module PFL in the matched PFL-Marx generator circuit of the present invention i、 Connect transmission line CL i,i+1 , connecting transmission line CL i+1,i Furthermore, the switching timing design is optimized to meet impedance matching and propagation time matching conditions, effectively ensuring the performance of the pulse forming line module (PFL). iThe pulse energy is completely superimposed on the main pulse and transmitted without reflection, and is finally released to the load, thus obtaining a fast-rising-edge, quasi-square-wave high-voltage pulse, avoiding the influence of the switching conduction process and the structural capacitance to ground on the PFL-Marx generator circuit.

[0049] [3] The circuit structure of the matching PFL-Marx generator circuit of the present invention has the advantages of modularity and compactness. Attached Figure Description

[0050] Figure 1 This is a circuit schematic diagram of a matched PFL-Marx generator circuit according to the present invention;

[0051] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the pulse superposition formation process of the matched PFL-Marx generator circuit in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the simulation results of the output waveform of the matched PFL-Marx generator circuit in Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0053] Example 1

[0054] like Figure 1 As shown, a matched PFL-Marx generator circuit includes n pulse forming line modules (PFL). i and short circuit switch S i where i = 1, 2, ..., n, n ≥ 2;

[0055] When i=1, the high-voltage terminal of the pulse forming line module PFL1 is connected to the high-voltage terminal of the external power supply, and the low-voltage terminal is connected to the ground terminal of the external power supply; the connection transmission line CL connected to the pulse forming line module PFL1 1,2 The low-voltage terminal is connected to the ground terminal of the external power supply and the transmission line CL. 2,1 Low-voltage electrode connection;

[0056] When 1 < i < n, the pulse forming line module (PFL) i High voltage electrode and pulse forming line module PFL i+1 A connecting transmission line CL is connected in series between the low-voltage electrodes. i,i+1 High voltage electrode, short circuit switch S i and connecting transmission line CL i+1,i The high-voltage electrode; the connecting transmission line CL i,i-1 Low voltage electrode, connecting transmission line CL i,i+1 Low voltage electrode, connecting transmission line CL i+1,i Low voltage electrode, connecting transmission line CL i+1,i+2 The low-voltage electrodes are connected in sequence;

[0057] The connection transmission line CL is connected to the pulse forming line module PFL1 1,2 One side of the low-voltage electrode is connected to the ground terminal of the external power supply, and the other side is connected to the transmission line CL. 2,1 Low-voltage electrode connection;

[0058] The pulse forming line module PFL i High voltage electrode and pulse forming line module PFL i+1 A high-voltage isolation inductor L is connected between the high-voltage electrodes. h Pulse forming line module PFL i Low-voltage electrode and pulse forming line module PFL i+1 A low-voltage isolation inductor L is connected between the low-voltage electrodes. e ;

[0059] When i=n, ​​the short-circuit switch S n One end is connected to the transmission line CL n,n+1 One end is connected to the high-voltage electrode, and the other end is connected to one end of an external load, with the other end of the external load connected to ground; the connection transmission line CL n,n+1 The low-voltage terminal is connected to the low-voltage terminal of the external load.

[0060] Among them, the high-voltage isolation inductor L h and low-voltage isolation inductor L e The short-circuit switch S serves to facilitate charging and conduction while isolating discharge. n The other side is connected to one side of the external load, and the other side of the external load is grounded.

[0061] Pulse forming line module PFL i It contains a transmission line assembly; the transmission line assembly uses materials such as thin films or ceramics as the energy storage medium; the transmission line assembly can also be an artificial line composed of a pulse forming network. Short-circuit switch S i For gas switches or semiconductor switches, high-voltage isolation inductor L h and low-voltage isolation inductor L e All are made by spirally winding wire.

[0062] The pulse forming line module PFL i The impedance is Z i It satisfies the following impedance matching condition:

[0063]

[0064] The connection transmission line CL i,i+1 The impedance is Z i,i+1 Connect transmission line CL i+1,i The impedance is Z i+1,i Z i,i+1 With Zi+1,i The following impedance matching conditions must be met:

[0065]

[0066]

[0067] Where Z0 is the matching load impedance of the PFL-Marx generator.

[0068] Furthermore, the pulse forming line module PFL i The transmission time is τ i S i The closing time is t i Connect transmission line CL i,i+1 The transmission time is τ i,i+1 Connect transmission line CL i+1,i The transmission time is τ i+1,i , and τ i t i τ i,i+1 With τ i+1,i The following transmission time matching conditions must be met:

[0069] i=1

[0070] i=2,3,…,n

[0071] i=2,3,…,n

[0072] Where: τ0 is the output pulse width of the PFL-Marx generator, and t1 is the closing time of the short-circuit switch S1.

[0073] Meanwhile, this invention also proposes a high-voltage pulse generation method for a matched PFL-Marx generator circuit, comprising the following steps:

[0074] Step 1: Connect the external charging high voltage electrode to the high voltage electrode of the pulse forming line module PFL1, and connect it through each pulse forming line module PFL1. i The high-voltage isolation inductor L connected between the high-voltage electrodes h For each pulse forming line module PFL i Parallel charging;

[0075] Step 2: At time t1, short-circuit switch S1 closes and conducts, connecting pulse forming line module PFL1 and transmission line CL. 1,2 The output pulse enters the connection transmission line CL without reflection. 2,1 In the middle, and further transmitted to the connecting transmission line CL. 2,1 Pulse forming line module PFL2 and connecting transmission line CL2,3 At the interface between the three, the transmission line CL is connected. 2,1 The pulses output from the pulse forming line module PFL2 are superimposed on each other and enter the connection transmission line CL without reflection. 2,3 Continue transmission in CL 2,3 The output voltage pulse enters the connection transmission line CL in the reverse direction without reflection. 2,1 And in the pulse forming line module PFL2;

[0076] Step 3, in At that moment, short-circuit switch S i When closed and on, the pulse forming line module PFL i Reflection-free superposition and transmission to CL i,i+1 The pulse continues to enter the connection transmission line Cl without reflection. i+1,i In the middle, and further transmitted to the connecting transmission line CL. i+1,i Pulse forming line module PFL i+1 and connecting transmission line CL i+1,i+2 At the interface between the three, the transmission line CL is connected. i+1,i With Pulse Forming Line Module (PFL) i+1 The output pulses are superimposed and enter the connection transmission line Cl without reflection. i+1,i+2 Continue transmission in CL i+1,i+2 The output voltage pulse enters the connection transmission line CL in the reverse direction without reflection. i+1,i Pulse forming line module PFL i+1 middle;

[0077] Among them, the pulse with amplitude iU0 / 2 and pulse width τ0 transmitted to the right arrives at S. i and enter CL i+1,i It continues to transmit to the right without reflection.

[0078] Step 4, Short-circuit switch S n Closed conduction, n pulses forming line module PFL i The voltage pulses are superimposed and transmitted to the connection transmission line CL without reflection. n,n+1 In, and further through short-circuit switch S n The high-voltage pulse is released to the load, thereby obtaining the output of the matched PFL-Marx generator circuit.

[0079] In the initial state of the matched PFL-Marx generator circuit in this embodiment 1, all short-circuit switches S i When in the off state, the external power supply passes through the high-voltage isolation inductor L. h PFL modules for each stage i Slowly charge to voltage U0. Then short-circuit switch S. i Pulse superposition is achieved through step-by-step conduction, and the superposition process is as follows: Figure 2As shown, the process of pulse superposition is further described below:

[0080] At time t1, short-circuit switch S1 is triggered and closed. Due to impedance matching, the first-stage pulse forming line module PFL1 and the connecting transmission line CL... 1,2 The output pulse with amplitude U0 / 2 and pulse width τ0 enters the connection transmission line CL without reflection. 2,1 It continues to transmit to the right;

[0081] At t1+τ 2,1 At a certain moment, a pulse with amplitude U0 / 2 and pulse width τ0, transmitted to the right, arrives at the interface of the pulse forming line module PFL2. Simultaneously, the pulse forming line module PFL2 begins transmitting a pulse with amplitude U0 / 2 and pulse width τ0 to the interface. Under the aforementioned matched impedance conditions, this is achieved by connecting the transmission line CL. 2,1 Transmission into pulse forming line module PFL2, connecting transmission line CL 2,3 The pulse voltage amplitudes are -U0 / 4 and U0 / 2, respectively, and are reflected back to CL. 2,1 The pulse voltage amplitude is U0 / 4; it is transmitted from the pulse forming line module PFL2 into the connecting transmission line CL. 2,1 , connecting transmission line CL 2,3 The pulse voltage amplitudes are -U0 / 4 and U0 / 2, respectively, and the pulse reflected back to the pulse forming line module PFL2 is U0 / 2;

[0082] Therefore, connect transmission line CL 2,1 The pulse transmitted into the pulse forming line module PFL2 and the pulse reflected back to the pulse forming line module PFL2 cancel each other out, connecting the transmission line CL. 2,1 Reflected back to the connection transmission line CL 2,1 The pulse and pulse forming line module PFL2 transmits into the connecting transmission line CL. 2,1 The pulses cancel each other out, connecting the transmission line CL. 2,1 Transmission into the connecting transmission line CL 2,3 The pulse and pulse forming line module PFL2 transmits into the connecting transmission line CL. 2,3 The pulses are superimposed to form a pulse with amplitude U0 and pulse width τ0, which continues to propagate to the right. That is, the energy of the pulse forming line module PFL2 is completely superimposed into the main pulse and enters the connecting transmission line CL to the right without reflection. 2,3 Continue transmission. Connect transmission line CL. 2,3 The output voltage pulse is transmitted to the left without reflection into the connection transmission line CL. 2,1 Pulse forming line module PFL2, this part of the pulse reaches the pulse forming line module PFL i The end reflection and transmission to the load to the right requires going through... At this point, the main pulse has already ended, so its impact on the output waveform does not need to be considered. Similarly, the pulses in subsequent stages of the connection transmission lines take longer to propagate to the left and then reflect back to the load, which does not affect the main pulse.

[0083] At t1+τ 2,1 +τ 2,3 At that moment, when switch S2 is closed, the pulse with amplitude U0 and pulse width τ0 transmitted to the right reaches the short-circuit switch S2 and enters the connection transmission line CL. 3,2 It continues to transmit to the right without reflection.

[0084] At t1+τ 2,1 +τ 2,3 +τ 3,2 At a certain moment, a pulse with amplitude U0 and pulse width τ0 transmitted to the right arrives at the PFL3 interface, and simultaneously, the pulse forming line module PFL3 begins transmitting a pulse with amplitude U0 / 2 and pulse width τ0 to the interface; under the aforementioned matched impedance conditions, this is achieved by connecting the transmission line CL. 3,2 Transmission into pulse forming line module PFL3, connecting transmission line CL 3,4 The pulse voltage amplitudes are -U0 / 3 and U0, respectively, and are reflected back to the connection transmission line CL. 3,2 The pulse voltage amplitude is U0 / 3; it is transmitted from the pulse forming line module PFL3 into the connecting transmission line CL. 3,2 , connecting transmission line CL 3,4 The pulse voltage amplitudes are -U0 / 3 and U0 / 2, respectively, and the pulse reflected back to the pulse forming line module PFL3 is U0 / 3;

[0085] Therefore, CL 3,2 The pulse transmitted into the pulse forming line module PFL3 and the pulse reflected back to the pulse forming line module PFL3 cancel each other out, connecting the transmission line CL. 3,2 Reflected back to the connection transmission line CL 3,2 The pulse and pulse forming line module PFL3 transmits into the connection transmission line CL. 3,2 The pulses cancel each other out, connecting the transmission line CL. 3,2 Transmission into the connecting transmission line CL 3,4 The pulse and pulse forming line module PFL3 transmits into the connection transmission line CL. 3,4 The pulses are superimposed to form a pulse with an amplitude of 3U0 / 2 and a pulse width of τ0, which continues to propagate to the right. That is, the energy of the pulse forming line module PFL3 is completely superimposed into the main pulse and enters the connecting transmission line CL to the right without reflection. 3,4 Continue transmitting.

[0086] exist At that moment, short-circuit switch S iWhen the circuit is closed, a pulse with amplitude iU0 / 2 and pulse width τ0 transmitted to the right arrives at the pulse forming line module PFL. i+1 Interface, and pulse forming line module PFL i+1 A pulse with amplitude U0 / 2 and pulse width τ0 is transmitted to the interface; under the aforementioned matched impedance conditions, this is achieved by CL. i+1,i Transmission into Pulse Forming Line Module (PFL) i+1 , connecting transmission line CL i+1,i+2 The pulse voltage amplitudes are -iU0 / 2 / (i+1) and iU0 / 2, respectively, and are reflected back to the connection transmission line CL. i+1,i The pulse voltage amplitude is iU0 / 2 / (i+1); determined by the pulse forming line module PFL. i+1 Transmission into the connecting transmission line CL i+1,i , connecting transmission line CL i+1,i+2 The pulse voltage amplitudes are -iU0 / 2 / (i+1) and U0 / 2, respectively, which are reflected back to the pulse forming line module PFL. i+1 The pulse is iU0 / 2 / (i+1);

[0087] Therefore, connect transmission line CL i+1,i Transmission into Pulse Forming Line Module (PFL) i+1 Pulse and pulse forming line module PFL i+1 PFL (Pulse Reflection Line Module) i+1 The pulses cancel each other out, connecting the transmission line CL. i+1,i Reflected back to the connection transmission line CL i+1,i Pulse and pulse forming line module PFL i+1 Transmission into the connecting transmission line CL i+1,i The pulses cancel each other out, connecting the transmission line CL. i+1,i Transmission into the connecting transmission line CL i+1,i+2 Pulse and pulse forming line module PFL i+1 Transmission into the connecting transmission line CL i+1,i+2 The pulses are superimposed to form a pulse with amplitude (i+1)U0 / 2 and pulse width τ0, which continues to propagate to the right, i.e., the pulse forming line module PFL. i+1 The energy is completely superimposed into the main pulse and enters the connection transmission line CL without reflection. i+1,i+2 Continue transmitting to the right.

[0088] n pulse forming line modules PFL i A voltage pulse with amplitude nU0 / 2 and pulse width τ0, superimposed and transmitted to the right, arrives at the short-circuit switch S. n The voltage is released to the load, thus obtaining the high-voltage pulse output by the matched PFL-Marx generator circuit.

[0089] Example 2:

[0090] The matched PFL-Marx generator circuit designed in this invention sets the matched load impedance to 45Ω and outputs a pulse width of 45ns to the external load. The designed matched PFL-Marx generator includes a pulse forming line module (PFL). i The number is 15.

[0091] The pulse forming line module (PFL) can be calculated based on impedance matching conditions. i impedance Z i , connecting transmission line CL i,i+1 impedance Z i,i+1 , connecting transmission line CL i+1,i impedance Z i+1,i They are respectively:

[0092]

[0093]

[0094] ;

[0095] Design a connection to the transmission line CL i,i+1 , connecting transmission line CL i+1,i The transmission times were 0.12ns and 0.18ns, respectively.

[0096] The external charging high voltage electrode is connected to the high voltage isolation inductor L on the pulse forming line module PFL1. h Charge

[0097] The charging voltage of the electricity is U0;

[0098] If the short-circuit switch S1 closes at time 0, then the pulse forming line mode is calculated based on the transmission time matching condition.

[0099] Block PFL i Transmission time τ i S i Closure time t i They are respectively:

[0100] τ1 = 22.38 ns;

[0101]

[0102] ;

[0103] Depend on Figure 3 It can be seen that the short-circuit switch S 15 The conduction time is 4.2ns, Pulse forming line module (PFL) 15 Transmission time τ 15=22.5ns, thus obtaining a fast-rising-edge quasi-square wave high-voltage pulse with an amplitude of 7.5U0 and a pulse width of 45ns for the matched PFL-Marx generator circuit to output voltage to the external matched load.

Claims

1. A matched PFL-Marx generator circuit, comprising n pulse forming line modules (PFLs) i and short circuit switch S i Where i = 1, 2, ..., n, n ≥ 2; characterized in that : When i=1, the high-voltage terminal of the pulse forming line module PFL1 is connected to the high-voltage terminal of the external power supply, and the low-voltage terminal is connected to the ground terminal of the external power supply; the connection transmission line CL connected to the pulse forming line module PFL1 1,2 The low-voltage terminal is connected to the ground terminal of the external power supply and the transmission line CL. 2,1 Low-voltage electrode connection; When 1 < i < n, the pulse forming line module (PFL) i High voltage electrode and pulse forming line module PFL i+1 A connecting transmission line CL is connected in series between the low-voltage electrodes. i,i+1 High voltage electrode, short circuit switch S i and connecting transmission line CL i+1,i The high-voltage electrode; the connecting transmission line CL i,i-1 Low voltage electrode, connecting transmission line CL i,i+1 Low voltage electrode, connecting transmission line CL i+1,i Low voltage electrode, connecting transmission line CL i+1,i+2 The low-voltage electrodes are connected in sequence; The pulse forming line module PFL i High voltage electrode and pulse forming line module PFL i+1 A high-voltage isolation inductor L is connected between the high-voltage electrodes. h Pulse forming line module PFL i Low-voltage electrode and pulse forming line module PFL i+1 A low-voltage isolation inductor L is connected between the low-voltage electrodes. e ; When i=n, ​​short-circuit switch S n One end is connected to the transmission line CL n,n+1 One end is connected to the high-voltage electrode, and the other end is connected to one end of an external load, with the other end of the external load connected to ground; the connection transmission line CL n,n+1 The low-voltage terminal is connected to the low-voltage terminal of the external load.

2. The matched PFL-Marx generator circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pulse forming line module PFL i The impedance is Z i Z i The following impedance matching conditions must be met: ； The connection transmission line CL i,i+1 The impedance is Z i,i+1 Connect transmission line CL i+1,i The impedance is Z i+1,i ; Z i,i+1 With Z i+1,i The following impedance matching conditions must be met: ； ； Where Z0 is the matching load impedance of the PFL-Marx generator.

3. A matched PFL-Marx generator circuit according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that: The pulse forming line module PFL i The transmission time is τ i S i The closing time is t i Connect transmission line CL i,i+1 The transmission time is τ i,i+1 Connect transmission line CL i+1,i The transmission time is τ i+1,i , and τ i t i τ i,i+1 With τ i+1,i The following transmission time matching conditions must be met: ，i=1； ,i=2,3,…,n; ,i=2,3,…,n; Where: τ0 is the output pulse width of the PFL-Marx generator, and t1 is the closing time of the short-circuit switch S1; τ j,j-1 Indicates the connection of transmission line CL j,j-1 Transmission time, τ j,j+1 Indicates the connection of transmission line CL j,j+1 Transmission time.

4. The matched PFL-Marx generator circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that: The pulse forming line module PFL i It contains a transmission line assembly.

5. A matched PFL-Marx generator circuit according to claim 4, characterized in that: The transmission line assembly is a transmission line using thin film or ceramic material as the energy storage medium; or the transmission line assembly is an artificial line composed of a pulse forming network.

6. A matched PFL-Marx generator circuit according to claim 5, characterized in that: The short-circuit switch S i It can be a gas switch or a semiconductor switch.

7. A matched PFL-Marx generator circuit according to claim 6, characterized in that: The high-voltage isolation inductor L h and low-voltage isolation inductor L e All are made by spirally winding wire.

8. A method for generating high-voltage pulses in a matched PFL-Marx generator circuit, based on a matched PFL-Marx generator circuit according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Connect the external charging high voltage electrode to the high voltage electrode of the pulse forming line module PFL1, and connect it through each pulse forming line module PFL1. i The high-voltage isolation inductor L connected between the high-voltage electrodes h For each pulse forming line module PFL i Parallel charging; Step 2: When the short-circuit switch S1 is closed and conducting, the pulse forming line module PFL1 and the connecting transmission line CL... 1,2 The output pulse enters the connection transmission line CL without reflection. 2,1 In the middle, and further transmitted to the connecting transmission line CL. 2,1 Pulse forming line module PFL2 and connecting transmission line CL 2,3 At the interface between the three, the transmission line CL is connected. 2,1 The pulses output from the pulse forming line module PFL2 are superimposed on each other and enter the connection transmission line CL without reflection. 2,3 Continue transmission in CL 2,3 The output voltage pulse enters the connection transmission line CL in the reverse direction without reflection. 2,1 And in the pulse forming line module PFL2; Step 3: When the short-circuit switch S... i When closed and conducting, i=2,3,…,n-1, Pulse forming line module PFL i Reflection-free superposition and transmission to CL i,i+1 The pulse continues to enter the connection transmission line Cl without reflection. i+1,i In the middle, and further transmitted to the connecting transmission line CL. i+1,i Pulse forming line module PFL i+1 and connecting transmission line CL i+1,i+2 At the interface between the three, the transmission line CL is connected. i+1,i With Pulse Forming Line Module (PFL) i+1 The output pulses are superimposed and enter the connection transmission line Cl without reflection. i+1,i+2 Continue transmission; connect transmission line CL i+1,i+2 The output voltage pulse enters the connection transmission line CL in the reverse direction without reflection. i+1,i Pulse forming line module PFL i+1 middle; Step 4: When the short-circuit switch S... n When closed and conducting, n pulses form the line module PFL. i The voltage pulses are superimposed and transmitted to the connection transmission line CL without reflection. n,n+1 In, and further through short-circuit switch S n The high-voltage pulse is released to the load, thereby obtaining the output of the matched PFL-Marx generator circuit.

9. The method for generating high-voltage pulses in a matched PFL-Marx generator circuit according to claim 8, characterized in that: The n=15; Pulse forming line module PFL i impedance ; The connection transmission line CL i,i+1 impedance Z i,i+1 and connecting transmission line CL i+1,i impedance Z i+1,i for ； ； Configure the connection transmission line CL i,i+1 The transmission time is 0.12ns, and the connection to the transmission line CL... i+1,i When the transmission time is 0.18 ns, In step one, the external charging high voltage electrode is connected to the high voltage isolation inductor L on the pulse forming line module PFL1. h The charging voltage for charging is U0; In step two, the moment when the short-circuit switch S1 closes and conducts is 0, then the transmission time τ1 of the pulse forming line module PFL1 is 22.38 ns; In step three, the short-circuit switch S i The time t when the conduction is closed i =0.3(i-1)ns, i=2,3,…,14, then the pulse forming line module PFL i Transmission time τ i =22.5ns, i=2,3,…,14; In step four, the short-circuit switch S 15 The conduction time is 4.2ns, Pulse forming line module (PFL) 15 Transmission time τ 15 =22.5ns, thus obtaining a fast-rising-edge quasi-square wave high-voltage pulse with an amplitude of 7.5U0 and a pulse width of 45ns for the matched PFL-Marx generator circuit to output voltage to the external matched load.

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