A high-pulse current assisted turning machine tool

Abstract

This invention discloses an ultra-large pulse current assisted turning machine tool, including a machine tool body, an electrically connected spindle box at one end of the machine tool body, and an electrically connected tailstock at the other end. A tool post is arranged between the electrically connected spindle box and the electrically connected tailstock. A spindle locking mechanism in the electrically connected spindle box and a tailstock locking mechanism in the electrically connected tailstock lock the workpiece. Spindle brushes installed in the electrically connected spindle box and tailstock brushes installed in the electrically connected tailstock are connected to a pulse power supply. Neither the spindle body nor the tailstock sleeve body is conductive, concentrating the current on the workpiece, increasing the current magnitude and current density, and applying an ultra-large pulse current to the workpiece. This improves the plastic deformation and friction behavior during cutting, thereby enhancing the cutting performance of metal materials. The ultra-large pulse current can be applied through the spindle and tailstock electrically connected mechanisms, and it has the advantages of simple structure, wide application range, and high reliability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of machining technology, specifically to a turning machine tool assisted by an ultra-large pulse current. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of industries such as aerospace, shipbuilding, and biomedicine, the requirements for materials are becoming increasingly stringent, and ordinary materials are gradually failing to meet these demands. The superior properties of new materials such as titanium alloys and high-temperature alloys result in poor machinability. Electrical pulses can improve the plastic deformation and friction behavior during machining through the electroplastic effect, significantly enhancing the machinability of metallic materials and improving the surface quality of machined parts. This provides an effective method for machining difficult-to-machine materials such as titanium alloys and high-temperature alloys. However, existing technologies suffer from the inability to apply ultra-large pulse currents to the workpiece.

[0003] For example, Chinese Patent Publication No. CN 109365611 B discloses an electric pulse-assisted spinning forming machine tool, in which the brushes are installed on the mandrel and the spinning wheel, and a high-energy pulse current is applied between the mandrel and the spinning wheel, thereby forming the shortest current path between the mandrel, the workpiece, and the spinning wheel, avoiding the reduction of current utilization due to too many intermediate links, and can always limit the spinning deformation zone to the part with the highest high-energy pulse current density. Although this patent can apply a high-energy pulse power supply, and its brushes are installed on the mandrel and the spinning wheel to form the shortest current path between the mandrel, the workpiece, and the spinning wheel, since the spinning wheel and the workpiece are in point contact, the high temperature generated by applying an ultra-large pulse current can easily damage the surface of the processed workpiece. The parts are exposed to the outside for a long time, and there are safety hazards in applying an ultra-large pulse current for a long time. This electric pulse-assisted spinning forming machine tool is not suitable for occasions that require the application of ultra-large pulse current.

[0004] On the other hand, machine tools generate a large amount of chips during the cutting process. Improper handling can cause these chips to become entangled on the workpiece, affecting the machining process and surface quality. Chinese Patent Publication No. CN 115284057 A discloses a block-type chip removal device, including a chip conveyor body and a pressing section. The chip conveyor body includes a chip removal section that conveys long chips to the pressing section. Multiple sets of pressing rollers in the pressing section press the long chips into blocks, achieving chip collection and reuse. However, large chips generated by machine tool operation do not actually fall directly to the chip removal section; the chips easily become entangled on the workpiece. Therefore, a chip collection device is needed to prevent chip entanglement and achieve complete chip recovery. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a high-pulse-current assisted turning machine tool with simple structure, capable of applying high-pulse current, wide application range and high reliability.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a high-pulse current assisted turning machine tool, comprising a machine tool body, wherein a power-connected spindle box and a power-connected tailstock are respectively provided at both ends of the machine tool body, and a tool post is provided between the power-connected spindle box and the power-connected tailstock. The power-connected spindle box includes a spindle box body, a spindle body, a spindle power-connection mechanism, and a spindle locking mechanism. The spindle body extends from inside the spindle box body to outside the spindle box body and is non-conductive. The spindle locking mechanism is connected to the spindle body outside the box body. The spindle power-connection mechanism includes a spindle conductive ring, a spindle brush, and a spindle cover, which are coaxially fitted on the outer periphery of the spindle body body from the inside to the outside. The spindle cover is connected to the box body and separates the spindle brush and the spindle conductive ring from the outside. One end of the spindle conductive ring is located between the spindle brush and the spindle body, and the other end is fastened to the spindle locking mechanism. The power-connecting tailstock includes a tailstock housing, a tailstock power-connecting mechanism, and a tailstock locking mechanism. The tailstock power-connecting mechanism includes a tailstock sleeve body and a tailstock conductive ring and a tailstock brush, which are coaxially fitted onto the outer periphery of the tailstock sleeve body from the inside out. The tailstock sleeve body is located inside the tailstock housing and is non-conductive. Both ends of the tailstock sleeve body are supported on the tailstock housing. One end of the tailstock conductive ring is located between the tailstock brush and the tailstock sleeve body, and the other end is fastened to the tailstock locking mechanism. The contact surfaces of the spindle locking mechanism and the tailstock locking mechanism with the workpiece are surface contacts. The spindle brush and the tailstock brush are respectively connected to the two poles of the pulse power supply.

[0007] As a further improvement to the above technical solution:

[0008] The spindle locking mechanism includes a spindle jaw assembly, a spindle rotation adjusting ring, and a spindle adjusting gear. The spindle jaw assembly includes at least two spindle jaws arranged circumferentially along the spindle body. The spindle jaws are slidably connected to one side of the spindle rotation adjusting ring and can move radially relative to the spindle rotation adjusting ring along the central axis of the spindle body. The other side of the spindle rotation adjusting ring is meshed with the spindle adjusting gear. Rotating the spindle adjusting gear drives the spindle rotation adjusting ring to rotate, so that the spindle jaws of the spindle jaw assembly move closer or further apart to clamp or release the workpiece installed in the central through hole of the spindle body.

[0009] The spindle jaws have spaced grooves on one side surface, and the spindle rotation adjustment ring has a spiral slide rail on one side surface. The grooves and the spiral slide rail are slidably connected.

[0010] A gear ring is provided on the outer circumference of the other side of the main shaft rotation adjustment ring, and the gear ring is meshed with the main shaft adjustment gear.

[0011] The tailstock locking mechanism includes a tailstock claw assembly, a tailstock rotation adjustment ring, and a tailstock adjustment gear. The tailstock claw assembly includes at least two tailstock claws arranged circumferentially along the tailstock sleeve body. The tailstock claws are slidably connected to one side of the tailstock rotation adjustment ring and can move radially relative to the tailstock rotation adjustment ring along the central axis of the tailstock sleeve body. The other side of the tailstock rotation adjustment ring is meshed with the tailstock adjustment gear. Rotating the tailstock adjustment gear drives the tailstock rotation adjustment ring to rotate, so that the tailstock claws of the tailstock claw assembly move closer or further apart to clamp or release the workpiece installed in the central hole of the tailstock sleeve body.

[0012] The tailstock power connection mechanism also includes a rotary support, and the two ends of the tailstock sleeve body are connected to the tailstock housing through the rotary support; the tailstock adjusting gear is connected to the inner side of one of the rotary supports.

[0013] A high-pulse current assisted turning machine tool also includes a chip collection assembly located near the tool holder. The chip collection assembly includes a chip inlet channel and a chip suction mechanism. The chip inlet of the chip inlet channel is provided with a set of rollers arranged side by side. The chip suction mechanism is located on the side of the chip inlet channel away from the tool holder. The chip suction mechanism attracts chips into the chip inlet of the chip inlet channel and then out through the chip outlet of the chip inlet channel.

[0014] A high-pulse current assisted turning machine tool also includes a chip compression assembly connected to the chip outlet of the chip inlet channel. The chip compression assembly includes a compression chamber and a compression system. The compression chamber is provided with a second chip inlet and a chip outlet door. The second chip inlet is connected to the chip outlet of the chip inlet channel. A pressure sensor is provided at the bottom of the chamber. When the pressure sensor detects that the mass of the chips reaches a preset threshold, the compression system is activated to compress the chips in the compression chamber.

[0015] A chip-breaking turning tool is mounted on the tool holder. The chip-breaking turning tool includes a tool holder and a chip-breaking insert. The chip-breaking insert is mounted on the tool holder via the tool holder. The chip-breaking insert includes an upper surface, a lower surface, and multiple side surfaces connected between the upper surface and the lower surface. An arc surface is provided between adjacent side surfaces. The edges where the upper surface and the lower surface intersect with the side surfaces are side cutting edges, and the edges where the upper surface and the lower surface intersect with the arc surface are arc cutting edges.

[0016] Outwardly protruding bosses are provided on the upper and lower surfaces respectively. The bosses are located in the area enclosed by the side cutting edge and the circular arc cutting edge. The intersection of the bosses with the upper or lower surface is a circular arc transition.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows:

[0018] This invention discloses an ultra-large pulse current assisted turning machine tool, including a machine tool body, an electrically connected spindle box at one end of the machine tool body, and an electrically connected tailstock at the other end. A tool post is arranged between the electrically connected spindle box and the electrically connected tailstock. A spindle locking mechanism in the electrically connected spindle box and a tailstock locking mechanism in the electrically connected tailstock lock the workpiece. Spindle brushes installed in the electrically connected spindle box and tailstock brushes installed in the electrically connected tailstock are connected to an external pulse power supply. The contact surfaces between the spindle locking mechanism and the tailstock locking mechanism and the workpiece are surface contacts, not point contacts. Neither the spindle body nor the tailstock sleeve body is conductive, forming a "pulse power supply-main..." The shortest current path, consisting of "spindle brush - spindle locking mechanism - workpiece - tailstock locking mechanism - tailstock brush - pulse power supply" or "pulse power supply - tailstock brush - tailstock locking mechanism - workpiece - spindle locking mechanism - spindle brush - pulse power supply", concentrates the current onto the workpiece, increasing the current magnitude and density. This allows for the application of ultra-large pulse currents to the workpiece, improving plastic deformation and friction behavior during machining, and ultimately enhancing the cutting performance of metal materials. Ultra-large pulse currents can be applied through the spindle and tailstock power connection mechanisms, offering advantages such as simple structure, wide application range, and high reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a high-pulse current assisted turning machine tool according to the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a high-pulse current assisted turning machine tool according to the present invention from another perspective.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the chip collection assembly of the present invention (without chip channel).

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the chip collection assembly of the present invention from another perspective (without chip channel).

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the spindle body of the present invention (with spindle cover).

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the main body of the present invention from another perspective (without the main body cover).

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the spindle power connection mechanism of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the spindle locking mechanism of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 9 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of a section at point D.

[0028] Figure 10 This is a sectional perspective view of the spindle locking mechanism and the spindle power connection mechanism.

[0029] Figure 11 This is a structural diagram of the power tailgate (with the power tailgate housing removed).

[0030] Figure 12 for Figure 11 Sectional view along line AA.

[0031] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the tailstock sleeve body.

[0032] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the chip compression mechanism of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the chip compression mechanism of the present invention from another perspective.

[0034] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the chip-breaking turning tool of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the chip breaker blade of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 18 for Figure 17 A magnified view of a section at point B.

[0037] Figure 19 This is a simulation diagram of the chip cutting effect when both the upper and lower surfaces have arc-shaped depressions.

[0038] Figure 20 This is a simulation diagram of the chip cutting effect when both the upper and lower surfaces are planar.

[0039] The labels in the diagram represent: 1. Machine tool body; 11. Power-connected spindle box; 111. Spindle body; 112. Spindle power-connection mechanism; 1121. Spindle brush; 1122. Spindle conductive ring; 1123. Spindle cover; 113. Spindle locking mechanism; 1131. Spindle chuck assembly; 1132. Spindle rotation adjustment ring; 1133. Spindle adjusting gear; 115. Spindle conductive bearing; 116. Spindle insulating ring; 12. Power-connected tailstock; 121. Tailstock power-connection mechanism; 1211. Tailstock brush; 1212. Tailstock sleeve body; 1213. Rotary support; 1214. Tailstock conductive ring; 122. Tailstock locking mechanism; 1221. Tailstock chuck assembly. 1222. Tailstock rotation adjustment ring; 1223. Tailstock adjustment gear; 1224. Tailstock insulating ring; 13. Tool holder; 2. Chip collection assembly; 21. Chip inlet; 22. Chip outlet; 23. Roller assembly; 24. Chip suction mechanism; 3. Chip compression assembly; 31. Compression box; 311. Second chip inlet; 32. Support; 33. Hydraulic system; 331. Compression platform; 332. Slide rod; 333. Hydraulic push rod; 4. Chip breaker tool; 41. Tool holder; 42. Chip breaker blade; 421. Upper surface; 422. Lower surface; 423. Side; 424. Arc surface; 425. Boss; 426. Center hole; 5. Chip inlet channel; 6. Pulse power supply. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0041] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0042] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0043] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "assembly," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0044] In this embodiment, ultra-large pulse current refers to a current density of 1000 A / m. 2 The current.

[0045] like Figures 1 to 18 As shown, the ultra-large pulse current assisted turning machine tool of this embodiment includes a machine tool body 1. A power-connected spindle box 11 and a power-connected tailstock 12 are respectively provided at both ends of the machine tool body 1. A tool post 13 is provided between the power-connected spindle box 11 and the power-connected tailstock 12. The power-connected spindle box 11 includes a spindle housing, a spindle body 111, a spindle power-connecting mechanism 112, and a spindle locking mechanism 113. The spindle body 111 extends from inside the spindle box to outside the spindle box and does not conduct electricity. The spindle locking mechanism 113 is connected to the spindle body 111 outside the housing. The spindle power connection mechanism 112 includes a spindle conductive ring 1122, a spindle brush 1121, and a spindle cover 1123, which are coaxially fitted onto the outer periphery of the spindle body 111 from the inside out. The spindle cover 1123 is connected to the spindle housing and separates the spindle brush 1121 and the spindle conductive ring 1122 from the outside. One end of the spindle conductive ring 1122 is located at the spindle power connection point. The brush 1121 is located between the main spindle body 111 and the other end is fastened to the main spindle locking mechanism 113; the power-connecting tailstock 12 includes a tailstock housing, a tailstock power-connecting mechanism 121 and a tailstock locking mechanism 122. The tailstock power-connecting mechanism 121 includes a tailstock sleeve body 1212 and a tailstock conductive ring 1214 and a tailstock brush 1211, which are coaxially fitted from the inside to the outside of the outer peripheral wall of the tailstock sleeve body 1212. The tailstock sleeve body 1212 is located at... The tailstock housing is non-conductive. The two ends of the tailstock sleeve body 1212 are supported on the tailstock housing. One end of the tailstock conductive ring 1214 is located between the tailstock brush 1211 and the tailstock sleeve body 1212, and the other end is fastened to the tailstock locking mechanism 122. The contact surfaces of the spindle locking mechanism 113 and the tailstock locking mechanism 122 with the workpiece are in surface contact. The spindle brush 1121 and the tailstock brush 1211 are respectively connected to the two poles of the pulse power supply 6.

[0046] The ultra-large pulse current assisted turning machine tool of the present invention forms the shortest current path of "pulse power supply 6 - spindle brush 1121 - spindle locking mechanism 113 - workpiece - tailstock locking mechanism 122 - tailstock brush 1211 - pulse power supply 6" or "pulse power supply 6 - tailstock brush 1211 - tailstock locking mechanism 122 - workpiece - spindle locking mechanism 113 - spindle brush 1121 - pulse power supply 6". The contact surfaces of the spindle locking mechanism 113 and the tailstock locking mechanism 122 with the workpiece are in surface contact, and the current density on the workpiece reaches the maximum. By concentrating the current on the workpiece and increasing the current magnitude and current density, an ultra-large pulse current can be applied to the workpiece, which improves the plastic deformation behavior and friction behavior in cutting and machining, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the cutting performance of metal materials. An ultra-large pulse current can be applied through the spindle power connection mechanism 112 and the tailstock power connection mechanism 121. It has the advantages of simple structure, wide application range and high reliability.

[0047] In this embodiment, the spindle brush 1121 is fixed on the spindle cover 1123. The spindle cover 1123 is connected to the housing by bolts. The spindle cover 1123 serves to fix the spindle brush 1121, so that the spindle brush 1121 will not rotate due to the rotation of the spindle body 111 during operation.

[0048] Preferably, the spindle cover 1123 is made of a non-conductive material to further improve the safety of the machine tool and prevent the spindle brush 1121 from directly contacting the spindle cover 1123, which could lead to leakage.

[0049] The specific technical solution for the other end of the spindle conductive ring 1122 being fastened to the spindle locking mechanism 113 is as follows: the spindle conductive ring 1122 is provided with a through groove for the spindle locking mechanism 113 to move radially, and the inner wall of the through groove is in contact with the spindle locking mechanism 113 to transmit current.

[0050] The spindle power connection mechanism 112 also includes a spindle conductive bearing 115, and the spindle brush 1121 and the spindle conductive ring 1122 are connected through the spindle conductive bearing 115.

[0051] In this embodiment, two holes are made in the spindle housing, and the electrodes are connected to the positive and negative terminals of the spindle brush 1121 through the spindle housing. The spindle locking mechanism 113 includes a spindle jaw assembly 1131, a spindle rotation adjusting ring 1132, and a spindle adjusting gear 1133. The spindle jaw assembly 1131 includes at least two spindle jaws arranged circumferentially along the spindle body 111. The spindle jaws are slidably connected to one side of the spindle rotation adjusting ring 1132 and can move radially relative to the spindle rotation adjusting ring 1132 along the central axis of the spindle body 111. The other side of the spindle rotation adjusting ring 1132 is engaged with the spindle adjusting gear 1133. Rotating the spindle adjusting gear 1133 drives the spindle rotation adjusting ring 1132 to rotate, causing the spindle jaws of the spindle jaw assembly 1131 to move closer or further apart to clamp or release the workpiece installed in the central through hole of the spindle body 111. The clamping surface of the spindle jaws is arc-shaped and contacts the surface of the spindle body 111.

[0052] The spindle conductive ring 1122 has a through-slot on its inner wall to facilitate the radial movement of the spindle jaws. The spindle conductive ring 1122 only contacts the spindle jaws to transmit current. The through-slot allows for a smooth transmission of current to the spindle jaws without affecting their normal radial movement. In this embodiment, each spindle jaw assembly 1131 has four jaws, and there are two sets of spindle jaw assemblies 1131. Therefore, the spindle conductive ring 1122 has eight through-slots that match the eight spindle jaws, thus engaging with the spindle jaws and ensuring that the spindle conductive ring 1122 remains stationary relative to the spindle jaws during machining, thereby transmitting current. The spindle locking mechanism 113 also includes a spindle insulating ring 116 through which the spindle jaws of the spindle jaw assembly 1131 pass. Because the spindle jaws continuously rub against the spindle body 111 during clamping and moving away from the workpiece, the insulating coating on the surface of the spindle body 111 is at risk of failure during use.

[0053] A mounting hole is provided on the outer peripheral wall of the spindle body 111, connecting the inner and outer walls of the spindle body 111. The mounting hole facilitates the radial movement of the spindle jaws of the spindle jaw assembly 1131. The spindle insulating ring 116 is disposed in the mounting hole of the spindle body 111, and the outer surface of the spindle insulating ring 116 is tangent to the outer surface of the spindle body 111. The spindle jaws are placed in the spindle insulating ring 116, and the four side walls of the spindle jaws are in close contact with the spindle insulating ring 116. During the radial movement and clamping process, the spindle jaws will pass through the spindle insulating ring 116 to clamp the workpiece, and the workpiece will not directly contact the spindle body 111. An insulating coating is used to insulate between the spindle body 111 and the spindle conductive ring 1122. Therefore, the spindle insulating ring 116 serves to insulate the spindle jaws from the spindle body 111.

[0054] In this embodiment, there is a gap between the outer peripheral wall of the spindle conductive ring 1122 and the inner wall of the spindle cover 1123. The gap is small in size, which does not allow workpiece debris to pass through. On the other hand, it avoids wear caused by friction between the spindle conductive ring 1122 and the inner wall of the spindle cover 1123 when the spindle is rotated.

[0055] The spindle brush 1121 and the spindle conductive ring 1122 are coaxially mounted on the spindle body 111. The two surfaces of the spindle brush 1121 and the spindle conductive ring 1122 are in surface contact. The spindle conductive ring 1122 (through groove) and the spindle locking mechanism 113 (claw sidewall) are in surface contact fastening. The spindle locking mechanism 113 and the workpiece are also in surface contact (the clamping surface of the spindle claw is arc-shaped, and the contact with the workpiece surface is surface contact). When a large pulse current is applied, it is not easy to damage the workpiece.

[0056] The spindle insulating ring 116 and the spindle rotation adjustment ring 1132 are made of non-conductive ceramic material. In this embodiment, the surface of the spindle body 111 is coated with an insulating coating so that the spindle body 111 is non-conductive. In other embodiments, the spindle body 111 may be made of non-conductive material.

[0057] In this embodiment, on the side of the spindle body 111 near the spindle locking mechanism 113, the spindle body 111 is provided with an inner shaft and a secondary cover. The secondary cover and the spindle cover 1123 are arranged in parallel and are used to separate the spindle locking mechanism 113 from the outside. The inner shaft is used to install the spindle locking mechanism 113. An adjustment hole is provided on the outer surface of the secondary cover. One end of the gear shaft of the spindle adjusting gear 1133 is located in the adjustment hole, which facilitates the adjustment of the spindle adjusting gear 1133.

[0058] In this embodiment, there are three spindle adjusting gears 1133. The number of adjusting holes corresponds one-to-one with the gear shaft of the spindle adjusting gear 1133. When one of the spindle adjusting gears 1133 cannot be adjusted, the other spindle adjusting gears 1133 can be adjusted.

[0059] The spindle jaws have spaced-apart strip grooves on one side surface, and the spindle rotation adjusting ring 1132 has a spiral slide rail on one side surface. The strip grooves and the spiral slide rail are slidably connected. The center of the spiral slide rail coincides with the center of the spindle rotation adjusting ring 1132. In other embodiments, the cross-sectional shape of the strip grooves can be arc-shaped, semi-circular, square, or rectangular, and the cross-sectional shape of the spiral slide rail is adapted to the strip grooves.

[0060] In this embodiment, two sets of spindle jaw assemblies 1131 are provided and arranged side by side with intervals. A groove is opened in the spindle rotation adjustment ring 1132, and a spiral slide rail is provided on the inner surface of the groove. The strip groove of the spindle jaw is slidably connected to the spiral slide rail. One set of spindle jaw assemblies 1131 is engaged with the spindle conductive ring 1122, while the other set of spindle jaw assemblies 1131 is not engaged with the spindle conductive ring 1122. The two sets of spindle jaw assemblies 1131 can improve the rigidity of the system and enhance the stability of the system compared to having only one set of spindle jaw assemblies 1131.

[0061] A gear ring is provided on the outer circumference of the other side of the spindle rotation adjustment ring 1132, and the gear ring is meshed with the spindle adjustment gear 1133.

[0062] In this embodiment, the tailstock locking mechanism 122 includes a tailstock claw assembly 1221, a tailstock rotation adjustment ring 1222, and a tailstock adjustment gear 1223. The tailstock claw assembly 1221 includes at least two tailstock claws arranged circumferentially along the tailstock sleeve body 1212. The tailstock claws are slidably connected to one side of the tailstock rotation adjustment ring 1222 and can move radially relative to the tailstock rotation adjustment ring 1222 along the central axis of the tailstock sleeve body 1212. The other side of the tailstock rotation adjustment ring 1222 is meshed with the tailstock adjustment gear 1223. Rotating the tailstock adjustment gear 1223 drives the tailstock rotation adjustment ring 1222 to rotate, causing the tailstock claws of the tailstock claw assembly 1221 to move closer or further apart to clamp or release the workpiece installed in the central hole of the tailstock sleeve body 1212. The clamping surface of the tailstock claws is arc-shaped and contacts the surface of the tailstock sleeve body 1212. In this embodiment, the tailstock power connection mechanism 121 further includes a rotary support 1213. Both ends of the tailstock sleeve body 1212 are connected to the tailstock housing through the rotary support 1213. The tailstock adjusting gear 1223 is connected to the inner side of one of the rotary supports 1213. The balls of the rotary support 1213 are made of non-conductive material, so current will not pass through the tailstock housing, which can increase the current density of the system and improve the heating efficiency.

[0063] Insulating balls are installed inside the slewing support 1213. Current flows from the tailstock brush 1211 to the tailstock claw assembly 1221 through the tailstock conductive ring 1214. Because the slewing support 1213 is equipped with insulating balls, the current flows directly from the tailstock brush 1211 to the workpiece and does not flow to the tailstock housing, so that the current is concentrated on the workpiece.

[0064] In this embodiment, the tailstock locking mechanism 122 also includes a tailstock conductive bearing, and the tailstock brush 1211 and the tailstock conductive ring 1214 are connected through the tailstock conductive bearing.

[0065] The tailstock sleeve body 1212 has mounting holes on its outer peripheral wall, which connect to both the inner and outer walls of the tailstock sleeve body 1212. These mounting holes facilitate the radial movement of the tailstock jaws of the tailstock jaw assembly 1221. The tailstock locking mechanism 122 also includes a tailstock insulating ring 1224 through which the tailstock jaws of the tailstock jaw assembly 1221 pass. The tailstock insulating ring 1224 is configured similarly to the spindle insulating ring 116. The tailstock insulating ring 1224 is located on the tailstock sleeve body 1212. The tailstock insulating ring 1224 is installed inside the mounting hole 212, and its outer surface is tangent to the outer surface of the tailstock sleeve body 1212. The tailstock jaws are placed within the tailstock insulating ring 1224, and the four side walls of the tailstock jaws are tightly fitted to the tailstock insulating ring 1224. The tailstock jaws pass through the tailstock insulating ring 1224 to clamp the workpiece, and the workpiece does not directly contact the tailstock sleeve body 1212. Therefore, the tailstock insulating ring 1224 serves to insulate the tailstock jaws from the tailstock sleeve body 1212. Similar to the spindle conductive ring 1122, the tailstock conductive ring 1214 also has a through groove to facilitate the radial movement of the tailstock jaws. The tailstock conductive ring 1214 and the tailstock jaws are in contact to transmit current. The through groove allows for smooth current transmission to the tailstock jaws without affecting their normal radial movement.

[0066] In this embodiment, each tailstock claw group 1221 has four tailstock claws, the number of through slots in the tailstock conductive ring 1214 corresponds to the number of tailstock claws, and the tailstock claws are in contact with the tailstock sleeve body 1212.

[0067] In this embodiment, one side surface of the tailstock claw is provided with spaced strip grooves, and one side surface of the tailstock rotation adjustment ring 1222 is provided with a spiral slide rail. The strip grooves and the spiral slide rail are slidably connected. The center of the spiral slide rail coincides with the center of the tailstock rotation adjustment ring 1222. In other embodiments, the cross-sectional shape of the strip groove can be arc-shaped, semi-circular, square, or rectangular, and the cross-sectional shape of the spiral slide rail is adapted to the strip groove.

[0068] In this embodiment, the tailstock claw assembly 1221 has two sets of mounting holes arranged in parallel and spaced apart. The tailstock rotation adjustment ring 1222 has a groove, and the inner surface of the groove is provided with a spiral slide rail. The strip groove of the tailstock claw is slidably connected to the spiral slide rail. One set of tailstock claw assemblies 1221 is engaged with the tailstock rotation adjustment ring 1222, while the other set of tailstock claw assemblies 1221 is not engaged with the main shaft conductive ring 1122. The two sets of tailstock claw assemblies 1221 can improve the rigidity of the system and enhance the stability of the system compared to having only one set of tailstock claw assemblies 1221.

[0069] The ultra-large pulse current assisted turning machine tool of this embodiment also includes a chip collection component 2 disposed near the tool holder 13. The chip collection component 2 includes a chip inlet channel 5 and a chip suction mechanism 24. The chip inlet 21 of the chip inlet channel 5 is provided with a roller group 23 arranged side by side. The chip suction mechanism 24 is disposed on the side of the chip inlet 21 away from the tool holder 13. The chip suction mechanism 24 attracts chips into the chip inlet 21 of the chip inlet channel 5 and then out through the chip outlet 22 of the chip inlet channel 5.

[0070] In this embodiment, the rollers of the roller assembly 23 have a small gap between them, and the chip outlet 22 is located below the gap. Adjacent rollers have meshing gears on their outer circumferential walls. One roller is connected to the motor output. The adjacent rollers rotate at the same speed but in opposite directions. In use, the chip suction mechanism 24 draws the chips generated during workpiece cutting into the chip inlet 21. The roller assembly 23 at the chip inlet 21 provides tension to the chips, preventing them from tangling on the workpiece, and further ejects the chips through the chip outlet 22.

[0071] In this embodiment, the chip suction mechanism 24 is a fan, and the chip inlet 21 is a horn-shaped opening facing outward. The fan is installed on the back of the horn-shaped opening (the opening direction is the front). Multiple air vents are spaced apart on the back side wall of the horn-shaped opening. The size of the air vents is smaller than the size of the chips to prevent the chips from being sucked into the fan. When the fan rotates, it attracts the chips from one side of the frame to the chip inlet 21. After accumulating to a certain extent, the chips fall onto the roller assembly 23 under the action of gravity.

[0072] The ultra-large pulse current assisted turning machine tool of this embodiment also includes a chip compression assembly 3 connected to the chip outlet 22 of the chip inlet channel 5. The chip compression assembly 3 includes a compression box 31 and a compression system. The compression box 31 is provided with a second chip inlet 311 and a chip outlet door. The second chip inlet 311 is connected to the chip outlet 22 of the chip inlet channel 5. A pressure sensor is provided at the bottom of the compression box 31. When the pressure sensor detects that the mass of the chips reaches a preset threshold, the compression system is started to compress the chips in the compression box 31.

[0073] In this embodiment, a support 32 is provided on the upper part of the compression chamber 31, and the compression system is a hydraulic system 33. The hydraulic system 33 is mounted on the compression chamber 31 via the support 32. An opening for the hydraulic system 33 to operate is provided on the top of the compression chamber 31. The hydraulic system 33 includes a compression platform 331 and a first hydraulic pump. A slide rod 332 is provided on the outer periphery of the compression platform 331, and the compression platform 331 and the slide rod 332 are slidably connected. The slide rod 332 can position the moving direction of the compression platform 331. The first hydraulic pump drives the compression platform 331 to compress the chips inside the compression chamber 31 downwards. After compression, the chips are removed from the chip outlet door of the compression chamber 31.

[0074] In this embodiment, the hydraulic system 33 is provided with a hydraulic push rod 333 and a second hydraulic pump on the opposite side of the chip discharge box door. The second hydraulic pump is used to drive the hydraulic push rod 333 to push the compressed chips out of the chip discharge box door.

[0075] A chip-breaking turning tool 4 is mounted on the tool holder 13. The chip-breaking turning tool 4 includes a tool holder 41 and a chip-breaking insert 42. The chip-breaking insert 42 is mounted on the tool holder 13 through the tool holder 41. The chip-breaking insert 42 includes an upper surface 421, a lower surface 422, and multiple side surfaces 423 connected between the upper surface 421 and the lower surface 422. An arc surface 424 is provided between adjacent side surfaces 423. The intersection of the upper surface 421 and the lower surface 422 with the side surface 423 is a side cutting edge, and the intersection of the upper surface 421 and the lower surface 422 with the arc surface 424 is an arc cutting edge.

[0076] Because the machine tool of this application requires an electrical pulse to operate, the friction between the tool and the chips is higher compared to a machine tool without an applied pulse power supply 6. This increases the plasticity of the metal material to improve its cutting performance, but also exacerbates chip entanglement in the workpiece, worsens tool life, and reduces workpiece surface quality. Therefore, chip control is essential in electrical pulse-assisted turning.

[0077] In this embodiment, protruding bosses 425 are respectively provided on the upper surface 421 and the lower surface 422. The bosses 425 are located in the area enclosed by the side cutting edge and the arc cutting edge. The bottom of the bosses 425 intersects with the upper surface 421 or the lower surface 422 at a transition arc. The upper surface 421 and the lower surface 422 of the chip breaker insert 42 can change the flow direction of chips in the electrical pulse assisted turning experiment, reduce the chip curl radius, realize the chip breaking function of the chip breaker insert 42 or provide excellent chip guiding and chip removal functions; and avoid the chips from causing adverse effects on the cutting process.

[0078] The flow direction and curl radius of the chips are not achieved by the boss 425 and the transition arc, but mainly by the horizontal upper surface 421, lower surface 422, boss 425, and the transition arc connecting the upper and lower surfaces 422 and the boss 425. When both the upper surface 421 and the lower surface 422 have arc-shaped depressions on the outer periphery of the boss 425, the chips do not break during the cutting process (see technical effect diagram). Figure 19 As shown in the diagram, when both the upper surface 421 and the lower surface 422 are flat on the outer periphery of the boss 425 (without any recess), the chips break during the cutting process (see technical effect diagram). Figure 20 As shown in the figure, the broken chips will not get tangled on the workpiece.

[0079] Preferably, the chip breaking effect is optimal when the angle α between the boss 425 and the upper surface 421 or the lower surface 422 is 130°≤α≤150°.

[0080] In use, first place the chip breaker 42 on the tool holder 13, then place the workpiece into the energized spindle housing 11, where the spindle locking mechanism 113 clamps the workpiece. Next, move the energized tailstock 12 to the appropriate position (the energized tailstock 12 can move relative to the machining platform), and the tailstock locking mechanism 122 clamps the other end of the workpiece. Finally, apply current to the spindle energizing mechanism 112 and the tailstock energizing mechanism 121. The current is transmitted to the workpiece through the spindle brushes 1121 and the tailstock brushes 1211, applying a very large pulse current.

[0081] The chip breaker 42 has a central hole 426 that passes through the upper surface 421 and the lower surface 422, which facilitates the installation of the chip breaker 42.

[0082] The working process of this ultra-large pulse current assisted turning machine tool is as follows:

[0083] When using this machine tool, first place the chip-breaking tool 4 on the tool holder 13, then put the workpiece into the spindle locking mechanism 113 so that the workpiece contacts the spindle jaw assembly 1131, and then drive the spindle adjusting gear 1133 to rotate the spindle adjusting ring 1132 to clamp the workpiece. Then, the power-connecting tailstock 12 is moved to a suitable position. By rotating the tailstock adjusting gear 1223, the tailstock jaw assembly 1221 on the tailstock rotating adjusting ring 1222 clamps the workpiece. When the main spindle power-connecting mechanism 112 is powered, since the surface of the main spindle body 111 is coated with an insulating coating, and a main spindle insulating ring 116 is provided between the main spindle jaw assembly 1131 and the main spindle power-connecting mechanism 112, and the main spindle rotating adjusting ring 1132 which is in contact with the main spindle jaw assembly 1131 is made of insulating material, the shortest current path of "pulse power supply 6 - main spindle brush 1121 - workpiece - tailstock brush 1211 - pulse power supply 6" is formed, which is concentrated on the workpiece. When current is applied to the power tailstock 12, the current is transmitted through the tailstock conductive ring 1214 to the tailstock sleeve body 1212 and the tailstock claw assembly 1221, and finally concentrated on the workpiece. The balls of the rotary supports 1213 at both ends are made of insulating material, so that the current does not flow through the tailstock housing, forming the shortest current path of "pulse power supply 6 - tailstock brush 1211 - workpiece - spindle brush 1121 - pulse power supply 6", and the current is concentrated on the workpiece, increasing the system current density. During turning experiments, the chip-breaking tool 4 changes the flow direction of the chips, reducing the chip curl radius and achieving the chip-breaking function of the chip-breaking insert 42 or providing excellent chip guidance. The chips are then drawn by the chip suction mechanism 24 to the roller assembly 23 at the chip inlet 21. Since the two roller assemblies 23 rotate in opposite directions at the same speed and have a small gap, they act as a puller. The pulling speed can be controlled by adjusting the motor speed. The chips are then pulled by the roller assembly 23 to the chip outlet 22 and enter the chip compression assembly 3 through the chip inlet channel 5. As the amount of chips increases, a certain mass is reached, triggering the pressure sensor at the bottom of the compression chamber 31. The hydraulic system 33 then starts, compressing the chips. After compression, the hydraulic push rod 333 pushes the compressed chips out of the chamber.

[0084] While the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can make many possible variations and modifications to the technical solutions of the present invention, or modify them into equivalent embodiments, without departing from the scope of the present invention. Therefore, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention, without departing from the scope of the present invention, should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-pulse current assisted turning machine tool, comprising a machine tool body (1), wherein an electric spindle box (11) and an electric tailstock (12) are respectively provided at both ends of the machine tool body (1), and a tool post (13) is provided between the electric spindle box (11) and the electric tailstock (12), characterized in that: The power-connected spindle housing (11) includes a spindle housing, a spindle body (111), a spindle power-connecting mechanism (112), and a spindle locking mechanism (113). The spindle body (111) extends from inside the spindle housing to outside the spindle housing and is non-conductive. The spindle locking mechanism (113) is connected to the spindle body (111) outside the housing. The spindle power-connecting mechanism (112) includes a spindle conductive ring (1122), a spindle brush (1121), and a spindle cover (1123) that are coaxially fitted from the inside to the outside of the outer peripheral wall of the spindle body (111). The spindle cover (1123) is connected to the housing and separates the spindle brush (1121) and the spindle conductive ring (1122) from the outside. One end of the spindle conductive ring (1122) is located between the spindle brush (1121) and the spindle body (111), and the other end is fastened to the spindle locking mechanism (113). The power-connecting tailstock (12) includes a tailstock housing, a tailstock power-connecting mechanism (121), and a tailstock locking mechanism (122). The tailstock power-connecting mechanism (121) includes a tailstock sleeve body (1212) and a tailstock conductive ring (1214) and a tailstock brush (1211) which are coaxially fitted on the outer side of the outer peripheral wall of the tailstock sleeve body (1212) from the inside to the outside. The tailstock sleeve body (1212) is located inside the tailstock housing and is not conductive. Both ends of the tailstock sleeve body (1212) are supported on the tailstock housing. One end of the tailstock conductive ring (1214) is located between the tailstock brush (1211) and the tailstock sleeve body (1212), and the other end is fastened to the tailstock locking mechanism (122). The contact surfaces of the spindle locking mechanism (113) and the tailstock locking mechanism (122) with the workpiece are in surface contact, and the spindle brush (1121) and the tailstock brush (1211) are respectively connected to the two poles of the pulse power supply (6). The spindle locking mechanism (113) includes a spindle jaw assembly (1131), a spindle rotation adjusting ring (1132), and a spindle adjusting gear (1133). The spindle jaw assembly (1131) includes at least two spindle jaws arranged circumferentially along the spindle body (111). The spindle jaws are slidably connected to one side of the spindle rotation adjusting ring (1132) and can move radially along the central axis of the spindle body (111) relative to the spindle rotation adjusting ring (1132). The other side of the spindle rotation adjusting ring (1132) is meshed with the spindle adjusting gear (1133). Rotating the spindle adjusting gear (1133) drives the spindle rotation adjusting ring (1132) to rotate, so that the spindle jaws of the spindle jaw assembly (1131) move closer or further apart to clamp or release the workpiece installed in the central through hole of the spindle body (111). The clamping surface of the spindle jaws is arc-shaped and contacts the surface of the spindle body (111). The tailstock locking mechanism (122) includes a tailstock claw assembly (1221), a tailstock rotation adjustment ring (1222), and a tailstock adjustment gear (1223). The tailstock claw assembly (1221) includes at least two tailstock claws arranged circumferentially along the tailstock sleeve body (1212). The tailstock claws are slidably connected to one side of the tailstock rotation adjustment ring (1222) and can move radially relative to the tailstock rotation adjustment ring (1222) along the central axis of the tailstock sleeve body (1212). The other side of the tailstock rotation adjustment ring (1222) is meshed with the tailstock adjustment gear (1223). Rotating the tailstock adjustment gear (1223) drives the tailstock rotation adjustment ring (1222) to rotate, so that the tailstock claws of the tailstock claw assembly (1221) move closer or further away from each other to clamp or release the workpiece installed in the central hole of the tailstock sleeve body (1212).

2. The ultra-large pulse current assisted turning machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main spindle chuck has a spaced strip groove on one side surface, and the main spindle rotation adjustment ring (1132) has a spiral slide rail on one side surface. The strip groove and the spiral slide rail are slidably connected.

3. The ultra-large pulse current assisted turning machine tool according to claim 2, characterized in that: A gear ring is provided on the outer circumference of the other side of the main shaft rotation adjustment ring (1132), and the gear ring is meshed with the main shaft adjustment gear (1133).

4. The ultra-large pulse current assisted turning machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tailstock power connection mechanism (121) also includes a slewing support (1213), and the two ends of the tailstock sleeve body (1212) are connected to the tailstock housing through the slewing support (1213); the tailstock adjusting gear (1223) is connected to the inside of one of the slewing supports (1213).

5. The ultra-large pulse current assisted turning machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a chip collection assembly (2) located near the side of the tool holder (13). The chip collection assembly (2) includes a chip inlet channel (5) and a chip suction mechanism (24). The chip inlet (21) of the chip inlet channel (5) is provided with a set of rollers (23) arranged side by side. The chip suction mechanism (24) is located on the side of the chip inlet (21) away from the tool holder (13). The chip suction mechanism (24) attracts chips into the chip inlet (21) of the chip inlet channel (5) and then out through the chip outlet (22) of the chip inlet channel (5).

6. The ultra-large pulse current assisted turning machine tool according to claim 5, characterized in that: It also includes a chip compression assembly (3) connected to the chip outlet (22) of the chip inlet channel (5). The chip compression assembly (3) includes a compression box (31) and a compression system. The compression box (31) is provided with a second chip inlet (311) and a chip outlet door. The second chip inlet (311) is connected to the chip outlet (22) of the chip inlet channel (5). A pressure sensor is provided at the bottom of the box (31). When the pressure sensor detects that the mass of the chips reaches a preset threshold, the compression system is started to compress the chips in the compression box (31).

7. The ultra-large pulse current assisted turning machine tool according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: A chip-breaking cutting tool (4) is mounted on the tool holder (13). The chip-breaking cutting tool (4) includes a tool holder (41) and a chip-breaking insert (42). The chip-breaking insert (42) is mounted on the tool holder (13) through the tool holder (41). The chip-breaking insert (42) includes an upper surface (421), a lower surface (422), and multiple side surfaces (423) connecting the upper surface (421) and the lower surface (422). An arc surface (424) is provided between adjacent side surfaces (423). The intersection of the upper surface (421) and the lower surface (422) with the side surface (423) is a side cutting edge. The intersection of the upper surface (421) and the lower surface (422) with the arc surface (424) is an arc cutting edge.

8. The ultra-large pulse current assisted turning machine tool according to claim 7, characterized in that: The upper surface (421) and the lower surface (422) are respectively provided with outward protruding bosses (425). The bosses (425) are located in the area enclosed by the side cutting edge and the arc cutting edge. The intersection of the bosses (425) with the upper surface (421) or the lower surface (422) is an arc transition.

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