A positive accumulated temperature ventilation regulation and control device and method in a comprehensive heat preservation pipe trench in a cold region tunnel
By introducing a positive accumulated temperature ventilation control device into the integrated insulation trench of tunnels in cold regions, and using an active ventilation system and temperature monitoring to control the ventilation fans and anti-freeze insulation doors, the problem of frost damage in tunnels in cold regions has been solved, achieving low-energy consumption and low-cost frost damage prevention and control.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- NINGBO UNIV
- Filing Date
- 2023-08-10
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-31
AI Technical Summary
Existing drainage systems for integrated insulation trenches in cold regions commonly suffer from frost damage in high-altitude and cold areas. Traditional cable heating methods are costly, consume a lot of electricity, and are complex to maintain, while ventilation systems have limitations in frost damage prevention and control.
A positive accumulated temperature ventilation control device is adopted, which regulates the high-temperature air outside the tunnel to enter the integrated insulation trench through an active ventilation system and a control system. Combined with anti-freeze insulation doors to isolate low-temperature air, the temperature monitoring system controls the opening and closing of ventilation fans and anti-freeze insulation doors to store heat and prevent frost damage.
It achieves long-term frost damage prevention with low energy consumption and low operating costs. Its applicability and economy are superior to traditional cable heating methods. It simplifies the control system and reduces engineering and maintenance costs.
Smart Images
Figure CN117189207B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of tunnel frost damage prevention and control, and specifically relates to a positive accumulated temperature ventilation control device and method in the integrated insulation trench of tunnels in cold regions. Background Technology
[0002] Integrated insulated tunnel trenches, as a new type of drainage system, have been gradually adopted in tunnel projects in cold regions. However, they are still primarily a passive anti-freezing and insulation measure. Furthermore, in practice, tunnels in high-altitude and cold regions often experience water leakage and varying degrees of frost damage after construction. Data shows that over 80% of operational tunnels in these regions exhibit various forms of frost damage, with 60% experiencing water leakage. Drainage system failure remains a widespread problem. This indicates that passive anti-freezing and insulation drainage systems for high-altitude and cold regions face severe frost damage issues and cannot effectively solve the frost damage problems encountered in tunnel drainage in these regions.
[0003] Current active antifreeze measures for tunnel drainage systems in cold regions mainly rely on active heating, with cable heating being the primary method. Electric heating involves laying heating cables on the tunnel lining surface, which generate heat to prevent water freezing. However, cable heating technology requires high-quality heating elements and supporting facilities, resulting in significant upfront investment. The system requires continuous monitoring and control during operation, leading to high ongoing maintenance costs. Furthermore, cable heating suffers from drawbacks such as slow heating, rapid cooling, high power consumption, and significant heat loss, resulting in a short service life and limited application. Ventilation systems are widely used in tunnel engineering. One approach to reducing investment and operating costs for frost prevention measures in cold-region tunnels and improving their effectiveness is to utilize controlled ventilation technology.
[0004] Therefore, for passive insulation drainage systems like tunnel integrated insulation trenches, there is a need to make them more widely applicable, with lower costs and operating expenses, less impact on traffic, and better insulation effects. Specifically, there is a need for "positive accumulated temperature ventilation control device and method in tunnel integrated insulation trenches in cold regions". Summary of the Invention
[0005] To address the freezing problem of integrated insulation trenches in cold-region tunnels under low-temperature conditions, a positive accumulated temperature ventilation control device and method for integrated insulation trenches in cold-region tunnels is provided, which features low energy consumption, low operating costs, good long-term antifreeze effect, and significant advantages in applicability and economy.
[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows: A positive accumulated temperature ventilation control device in a comprehensive thermal insulation pipe trench in a cold region tunnel. The structure of the tunnel includes primary support, secondary lining and inverted arch. The primary support is arranged on the inner side of the surrounding rock, the inner wall of the primary support is the secondary lining, the inverted arch is located at the bottom of the tunnel, and the road surface structure is above the inverted arch. The comprehensive thermal insulation pipe trench is located below the road surface structure and above the inverted arch. The comprehensive thermal insulation pipe trench includes pipe trench side walls and precast cover plates. The precast cover plates are arranged above the pipe trench side walls. Thermal insulation layers are respectively covered on the inner walls of the precast cover plates and the pipe trench side walls. The thermal insulation layers are located above the horizontal drain pipes. The outer walls of the pipe trench side walls are covered with geotextiles. The outer sides of the pipe trench side walls are surrounded by backfill concrete. The pipe trench side walls are provided with horizontal drain pipes and drain holes. The drain holes are located below the horizontal drain pipes. Fire pipes and cable pipes are arranged on the inner walls of the pipe trench side walls. The fire pipes and cable pipes are located above the horizontal drain pipes. The positive accumulated temperature ventilation control device includes an active ventilation system and a control system. The active ventilation system consists of a ventilation fan and an anti-freezing and heat-insulating door. The control system consists of a temperature monitoring system, an active ventilation controller and an active ventilation switch. The temperature monitoring system consists of an external tunnel weather station thermometer and a temperature data processor. The ventilation fan, temperature data processor, active ventilation controller and active ventilation switch are respectively arranged on the inner wall of the pipe trench side wall and above the horizontal drain pipe. The temperature data processor and the active ventilation switch are respectively connected to the active ventilation controller. The anti-freezing and heat-insulating doors are respectively arranged at the inlet and outlet of the comprehensive thermal insulation pipe trench. The external tunnel weather station thermometer is arranged outside the tunnel entrance. The external tunnel weather station thermometer is used to collect the air temperature data outside the tunnel entrance and transmit the collected air temperature data to the temperature data processor. The temperature data processor is used to process the air temperature data, judge the high and low of the air temperature according to the set start temperature value and send the judgment result to the active ventilation controller in the form of an instruction. The active ventilation controller and the active ventilation switch control the opening and closing of the ventilation fan and the anti-freezing and heat-insulating door.
[0007] Preferably, the external tunnel weather station thermometer is arranged in an open area within a range of 10 - 50 m outside the tunnel entrance.
[0008] Preferably, in order to ensure the smooth circulation of air in the comprehensive thermal insulation pipe trench, the arrangement of the ventilation fans in the comprehensive thermal insulation pipe trench should consider the length of the tunnel. Specifically, the length of the tunnel is denoted as L. For a tunnel with L ≤ 1000 m, one ventilation fan is arranged at each of the inlet and outlet of the comprehensive thermal insulation pipe trench; for a tunnel with 1000 m < L ≤ 3000 m, one ventilation fan is arranged at each of the inlet, outlet and the middle section inside the tunnel; for a tunnel with 3000 m < L, one ventilation fan is arranged at each of the inlet, outlet and every 1500 m inside the tunnel.
[0009] A method for controlling positive accumulated temperature ventilation in a cold-region tunnel integrated insulation trench using the aforementioned positive accumulated temperature ventilation control device is disclosed. After the positive accumulated temperature ventilation control device is installed and set up, the start-up temperature values for the ventilation fan and the anti-freeze insulation door are set on the temperature data processor. When the air temperature outside the tunnel entrance reaches or exceeds the set start-up temperature value, the temperature data processor sends an opening command to the active ventilation controller. The active ventilation controller and active ventilation switch control the ventilation fan and the anti-freeze insulation door to open, thereby increasing the temperature inside the integrated insulation trench to store heat in the integrated insulation trench and surrounding rock. When the air temperature outside the tunnel entrance is lower than the set start-up temperature value, the temperature data processor sends a closing command to the active ventilation controller. The active ventilation controller and active ventilation switch control the ventilation fan and the anti-freeze insulation door to close, thereby reducing the amount of cold entering the integrated insulation trench and surrounding rock and achieving the effect of preventing tunnel frost damage.
[0010] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
[0011] (1) This invention applies the principle of positive accumulated temperature and the concept of ventilation control to the insulation and antifreeze of integrated insulation trenches, which is the innovation and feature of this invention in terms of ideas.
[0012] (2) The present invention introduces the higher temperature air outside the tunnel into the integrated insulation trench through the ventilation fan and the antifreeze insulation door, and isolates the lower temperature air outside the tunnel, and stores heat in the integrated insulation trench to achieve the effect of antifreeze of the integrated insulation trench of the tunnel. This is the innovation and feature of the present invention in terms of technical means.
[0013] (3) This invention regulates the temperature of the tunnel's integrated insulation trench by turning on the ventilation fan and the anti-freeze insulation door. On the one hand, the energy consumption is very small, greatly reducing the amount of engineering work and operating costs. This device only needs to control the opening and closing of the ventilation fan and the anti-freeze insulation door through temperature data processing and an active ventilation controller, which is simple and effective. On the other hand, compared with traditional cable heating technology, this invention greatly reduces operating costs. Traditional cable heating technology requires special cable short-circuit monitors, alarms, temperature controllers, etc., making the control system complex, with a high risk of failure and very serious consequences. From the perspective of long-term anti-freeze effect, the economy and reliability of this invention are superior to traditional steam methods and cable heating technologies. Because this invention has a better anti-freeze effect, a simple device, and a clear mechanism, it has great advantages in terms of applicability and economy.
[0014] (4) The ventilation fan and antifreeze insulation door described in this invention are characterized by making full use of the space inside the integrated insulation trench.
[0015] (5) The ventilation fan of the present invention is characterized by being arranged at the enlarged cross section of the inlet and outlet of the integrated insulation trench.
[0016] (6) The integrated thermal insulation trench described in this invention is characterized by its large space and the presence of fire-fighting pipelines. Attached Figure Description
[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram showing the cross-sectional location of the integrated insulation trench for tunnels in cold regions.
[0018] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the longitudinal layout of the integrated insulation trench for tunnels in cold regions;
[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional layout of the positive accumulated temperature ventilation control device in the integrated insulation trench of the cold region tunnel after its construction is completed, as shown in the embodiment.
[0020] Figures 1-3 The specific reference numerals in the attached figures are as follows:
[0021] 1-Initial support, 2-Secondary lining, 3-Road structure, 4-Precast cover plate, 5-Insulation layer, 6-Fire pipe, 7-Cable pipe, 8-Transverse drainage pipe, 9-Drainage hole, 10-Geotextile, 11-Backfill concrete, 12-Invert arch, 13-Trench sidewall, 14-Ventilation fan, 15-Anti-freeze and heat-insulating door, 16-Thermometer of external weather station, 17-Temperature data processor, 18-Active ventilation controller, 19-Active ventilation switch, 20-Insulated pipe trench. Detailed Implementation
[0022] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0023] Example 1: A positive accumulated temperature ventilation control device for integrated insulation trenches in cold regions, such as... Figures 1-3As shown in the figure, the structure of the tunnel to which it is applied includes the primary support 1, the secondary lining 2 and the invert 12. The primary support 1 is arranged on the inner side of the surrounding rock, the inner wall of the primary support 1 is the secondary lining 2, the invert 12 is located at the bottom of the tunnel, the road surface structure 3 is above the invert 12, the comprehensive heat preservation pipe trench 20 is below the road surface structure 3 and above the invert 12. The comprehensive heat preservation pipe trench 20 includes a pipe trench side wall 13 and a precast cover plate 4. The precast cover plate 4 is arranged above the pipe trench side wall 13. Heat preservation layers 5 are respectively covered on the inner walls of the precast cover plate 4 and the pipe trench side wall 13. The heat preservation layer 5 is above the transverse drain pipe 8. The outer wall of the pipe trench side wall 13 is covered with geotextile 10. The outside of the pipe trench side wall 13 is surrounded by backfill concrete 11. The pipe trench side wall 13 is provided with a transverse drain pipe 8 and a drain hole 9. The drain hole 9 is below the transverse drain pipe 8. Fire pipes 6 and cable pipes 7 are arranged on the inner wall of the pipe trench side wall 13. The fire pipes 6 and the cable pipes 7 are above the transverse drain pipe 8. The positive temperature accumulation ventilation control device includes an active ventilation system and a control system. The active ventilation system consists of a ventilation fan 14 and an anti-freezing and heat preservation door 15. The control system consists of a temperature monitoring system, an active ventilation controller 18 and an active ventilation switch 19. The temperature monitoring system consists of an external meteorological station thermometer 16 and a temperature data processor 17. The ventilation fan 14, the temperature data processor 17, the active ventilation controller 18 and the active ventilation switch 19 are respectively arranged on the inner wall of the pipe trench side wall 13 and above the transverse drain pipe 8. The temperature data processor 17 and the active ventilation switch 19 are respectively connected to the active ventilation controller 18. Anti-freezing and heat preservation doors 15 are respectively arranged at the inlet and outlet of the comprehensive heat preservation pipe trench 20. The external meteorological station thermometer 16 is arranged in an open area within 10 - 50 m outside the tunnel entrance. The external meteorological station thermometer 16 is used to collect the air temperature data outside the tunnel entrance and transmit the collected air temperature data to the temperature data processor 17. The temperature data processor 17 is used to process the air temperature data, judge the high and low of the air temperature according to the set start temperature value and send the judgment result to the active ventilation controller 18 in the form of an instruction. The opening and closing of the ventilation fan 14 and the anti-freezing and heat preservation door 15 are controlled by the active ventilation controller 18 and the active ventilation switch 19.
[0024] In order to ensure the smooth circulation of the air in the comprehensive heat preservation pipe trench 20, the arrangement of the ventilation fan 14 in the comprehensive heat preservation pipe trench 20 should consider the length of the tunnel. Specifically, the length of the tunnel is denoted as L. For a tunnel with L ≤ 1000 m, one ventilation fan 14 is arranged at each of the inlet and outlet of the comprehensive heat preservation pipe trench 20; for a tunnel with 1000 m < L ≤ 3000 m, one ventilation fan 14 is arranged at each of the inlet, outlet and the middle section inside the tunnel of the comprehensive heat preservation pipe trench 20; for a tunnel with 3000 m < L, one ventilation fan 14 is arranged at each of the inlet, outlet and every 1500 m inside the tunnel of the comprehensive heat preservation pipe trench 20.
[0025] Example 2: A method for controlling positive accumulated temperature ventilation in a cold-region tunnel integrated insulation trench using the positive accumulated temperature ventilation control device of Example 1. After the positive accumulated temperature ventilation control device in the cold-region tunnel integrated insulation trench is installed, the start-up temperature values of the ventilation fan 14 and the anti-freeze insulation door 15 are set on the temperature data processor 17. When the air temperature outside the tunnel entrance reaches or exceeds the set start-up temperature value (e.g., set to 5℃), the temperature data processor 17 sends an activation command to the active ventilation controller 18, which then activates the ventilation. The active ventilation switch 19 controls the ventilation fan 14 and the anti-freeze insulation door 15 to open, thereby increasing the temperature inside the integrated insulation trench 20 to store heat in the integrated insulation trench 20 and the surrounding rock. When the temperature outside the tunnel entrance is lower than the set start-up temperature value, the temperature data processor 17 sends a shutdown command to the active ventilation controller 18, which in turn controls the ventilation fan 14 and the anti-freeze insulation door 15 to close, thereby reducing the amount of cold entering the integrated insulation trench 20 and the surrounding rock and achieving the effect of preventing tunnel frost damage.
Claims
1. A positive accumulated temperature ventilation control device for a comprehensive insulation trench in a cold region tunnel, wherein the tunnel structure includes initial support, secondary lining, and an invert arch. The initial support is located on the inner side of the surrounding rock, and the inner wall of the initial support is the secondary lining. The invert arch is located at the bottom of the tunnel, and the road surface structure is above the invert arch. The comprehensive insulation trench is located below the road surface structure and above the invert arch. The comprehensive insulation trench includes trench sidewalls and precast cover plates. The precast cover plates are located above the trench sidewalls. The inner walls of the precast cover plates and trench sidewalls are respectively covered with insulation layers, which are located above transverse drainage pipes. The outer wall of the trench sidewalls is covered with geotextile, and the outer side of the trench sidewalls is surrounded by backfill concrete. The trench sidewalls have transverse drainage pipes and drain holes, with the drain holes located below the transverse drainage pipes. The inner wall of the trench sidewalls has fire-fighting pipes and cable pipes, which are located above the transverse drainage pipes. The device is characterized in that... The positive accumulated temperature ventilation control device described above includes an active ventilation system and a control system. The active ventilation system consists of a ventilation fan and an anti-freezing and heat-preserving door. The control system consists of a temperature monitoring system, an active ventilation controller, and an active ventilation switch. The temperature monitoring system consists of an outside-tunnel weather station thermometer and a temperature data processor. The ventilation fan, temperature data processor, active ventilation controller, and active ventilation switch are respectively arranged on the inner wall of the side wall of the pipe trench and above the transverse drain pipe. The temperature data processor and the active ventilation switch are respectively connected to the active ventilation controller. The anti-freezing and heat-preserving doors are respectively arranged at the inlet and outlet of the comprehensive heat-preserving pipe trench. The outside-tunnel weather station thermometer is arranged outside the tunnel entrance. The outside-tunnel weather station thermometer is used to collect the air temperature data outside the tunnel entrance and transmit the collected air temperature data to the temperature data processor. The temperature data processor is used to process the air temperature data, judge the high and low of the air temperature according to the set starting temperature value, and send the judgment result to the active ventilation controller in the form of an instruction. The active ventilation controller and the active ventilation switch control the opening and closing of the ventilation fan and the anti-freezing and heat-preserving door; The outside-tunnel weather station thermometer is arranged in an open area within a range of 10 to 50 m outside the tunnel entrance; Denote the length of the tunnel as L. For a tunnel with L ≤ 1000 m, one ventilation fan is arranged at each of the inlet and outlet of the comprehensive heat-preserving pipe trench. For a tunnel with 1000 m < L ≤ 3000 m, one ventilation fan is arranged at each of the inlet, outlet, and the middle section inside the tunnel of the comprehensive heat-preserving pipe trench. For a tunnel with 3000 m < L, one ventilation fan is arranged at each of the inlet, outlet, and every 1500 m inside the tunnel of the comprehensive heat-preserving pipe trench.
2. A method for controlling positive accumulated temperature ventilation in a cold-region tunnel integrated insulation trench using the positive accumulated temperature ventilation control device described in claim 1, characterized in that, After the installation and construction of the positive accumulated temperature ventilation control device in the comprehensive heat-preserving pipe trench of the cold-region tunnel are completed, set the starting temperature values of the ventilation fan and the anti-freezing and heat-preserving door on the temperature data processor. When the air temperature outside the tunnel entrance reaches or is higher than the set starting temperature value, the temperature data processor sends an opening instruction to the active ventilation controller. The active ventilation controller and the active ventilation switch control the opening of the ventilation fan and the anti-freezing and heat-preserving door to increase the temperature inside the comprehensive heat-preserving pipe trench to store heat in the comprehensive heat-preserving pipe trench and the surrounding rock. When the air temperature outside the tunnel entrance is lower than the set starting temperature value, the temperature data processor sends a closing instruction to the active ventilation controller. The active ventilation controller and the active ventilation switch control the closing of the ventilation fan and the anti-freezing and heat-preserving door to reduce the cold air entering the comprehensive heat-preserving pipe trench and the surrounding rock, thus achieving the effect of preventing tunnel frost damage.