Double Y-shaped inclined shaft automatic ventilation system

Abstract

This invention relates to an automatic ventilation system for double-Y-shaped inclined shafts. Mechanical ventilation in tunnels consumes a lot of energy and is inefficient. The system of this invention includes a double-Y-shaped ventilation duct located outside the main tunnel, comprising a Y-shaped air supply duct and a maintenance passage; the Y-shaped air supply duct and the inclined shaft form a first Y-shaped ventilation duct; the maintenance passage and the inclined shaft form a second Y-shaped ventilation duct; air valves are installed within the double-Y-shaped ventilation ducts and connected to an air valve control cabinet; train detection equipment is installed inside the main tunnel and connected to a train detection cabinet; a protective door is installed in the maintenance passage and connected to a protective door control cabinet; the air valve control cabinet, train detection cabinet, and protective door control cabinet are all connected to a centralized control system. During operation, this invention dynamically adjusts the opening of fans and air valves by detecting the train's direction of travel and controlling environmental quality, changing the airflow direction and fully utilizing the piston effect of the train to achieve air replacement, thereby reducing the number of ventilation devices required and reducing energy consumption after railway operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel ventilation and its control technology, specifically to an automatic ventilation system for a double Y-shaped inclined shaft. Background Technology

[0002] In 2020, my country's railway operating mileage reached 146,300 kilometers, with a total of 22,000 locomotives nationwide, including 8,000 diesel locomotives and 13,800 electric locomotives. However, both electric and diesel traction systems suffer from varying degrees of tunnel air pollution. These harmful gases not only endanger human health but also adversely affect tunnel facilities, structures, and trains. Therefore, maintaining a good air environment in tunnels through tunnel ventilation is essential.

[0003] Tunnel ventilation typically employs mechanical ventilation methods. According to incomplete statistics, the electricity cost of tunnel ventilation equipment accounts for over 70% of the total operating cost of a tunnel. However, train piston wind is a type of natural wind that requires no power and is completely different from natural weather winds. Using an automatic ventilation control system in tunnel ventilation to fully utilize piston wind can not only reduce engineering costs but also achieve energy conservation and emission reduction effects.

[0004] According to the relevant provisions of the "Code for Design of Ventilation Operation in Railway Tunnels" (TB10068-2010), the influence of train piston wind is not considered in domestic double-track tunnels. In recent years, with the increase in train speed and traffic density, more favorable conditions have been provided for the utilization of piston wind. Designing a control method to effectively utilize train piston wind for automatic ventilation while ensuring tunnel ventilation safety and reducing the energy consumption of ventilation in long-distance tunnels is of great significance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an automatic ventilation system for double Y-shaped inclined shafts, which fully utilizes the piston air from trains for tunnel ventilation through an automatic control system, thereby solving the technical problems of high energy consumption and low efficiency in existing tunnel ventilation facilities.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A double-Y-shaped inclined shaft automatic ventilation system, the system comprising a double-Y-shaped ventilation duct installed on the outside of the main tunnel.

[0008] The double Y-shaped ventilation duct is located at the inclined shaft;

[0009] The double Y-shaped ventilation duct includes an inclined Y-shaped air supply duct and an inclined maintenance passage; the Y-shaped air supply duct connects the main tunnel and the inclined shaft, and the Y-shaped air supply duct and the inclined shaft form a first Y-shaped ventilation duct; the maintenance passage is located between the connection point of the Y-shaped air supply duct and the main tunnel and the connection point of the inclined shaft and the main tunnel, and connects the main tunnel and the inclined shaft, and the maintenance passage and the inclined shaft form a second Y-shaped ventilation duct;

[0010] The double Y-shaped ventilation duct is equipped with an air valve, which is connected to the air valve control cabinet; the main tunnel is equipped with a train detection device, which is connected to the train detection cabinet; the maintenance passage is equipped with a protective door, which is connected to the protective door control cabinet.

[0011] The air valve control cabinet, the train detection cabinet, and the protective door control cabinet are all connected to a centralized control system.

[0012] Furthermore, a combined air valve is installed inside the Y-shaped air supply duct, and the combined air valve is located near the main opening;

[0013] The combined air valve is connected to the air valve control cabinet.

[0014] Furthermore, a jet fan and a combined air valve are installed inside the inclined shaft. The combined air valve is located near the main tunnel, and the jet fan is located at the entrance of the inclined shaft.

[0015] The combined air valve is connected to the air valve control cabinet;

[0016] The jet fan is connected to the fan control cabinet, and the fan control cabinet is connected to the centralized control system.

[0017] Furthermore, when the train enters from the left side of the double Y-shaped ventilation duct:

[0018] The train detection device, located on the left side of the double Y-shaped ventilation duct, detects the signal of a train entering and sends the detection signal to the train detection cabinet, which then sends the signal to the centralized control system.

[0019] The centralized control system sends an opening signal to the combined air valve in the Y-shaped air supply duct through the air valve control cabinet and opens the combined air valve. At the same time, it sends a closing signal to the combined air valve in the inclined shaft through the air valve control cabinet and closes the combined air valve. Simultaneously, it sends a closing signal to the protective door in the maintenance passage through the protective door control cabinet and closes the protective door. The polluted air in the main tunnel is discharged from the inclined shaft through the Y-shaped air supply duct.

[0020] Furthermore, when the train exits from the right side of the aforementioned double-Y-shaped ventilation duct:

[0021] The train detection device, located on the right side of the double Y-shaped ventilation duct, detects the signal of the train departing and sends the detection signal to the train detection cabinet, which then sends the signal to the centralized control system.

[0022] The centralized control system sends an opening signal to the combined air valve in the inclined shaft through the air valve control cabinet and opens the combined air valve, while keeping the combined air valve in the Y-shaped air supply duct open. At the same time, it sends an opening signal to the protective door in the maintenance passage through the protective door control cabinet and opens the protective door. Fresh air is input into the main tunnel through the inclined shaft, the Y-shaped air supply duct and the maintenance passage.

[0023] Furthermore, an environmental monitoring device and an environmental monitoring cabinet are installed inside the main tunnel. The environmental monitoring device is connected to the environmental monitoring cabinet, and the environmental monitoring cabinet sends the monitoring signals of the environmental monitoring device to the centralized control system.

[0024] Furthermore, when the monitoring signal received by the centralized control system from the environmental monitoring cabinet exceeds a preset threshold in the centralized control system, the combined air valve in the double Y-shaped ventilation duct is opened through the air valve control cabinet, and the jet fan in the inclined shaft corresponding to the double Y-shaped ventilation duct is opened through the fan control cabinet to discharge the polluted air in the main tunnel.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0026] This invention adds a double Y-shaped ventilation duct at the intersection of the auxiliary construction tunnel and the main tunnel, with a combined air valve inside. During operation, the automatic control system dynamically adjusts the opening of the air valve according to the train direction and the concentration of harmful gases, changing the direction of fresh air flow. It makes full use of the piston action of the train to expel harmful gases and introduce fresh air, thereby reducing the number of ventilation devices that need to be turned on and reducing the power consumption after the railway starts operating. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other embodiments can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the double Y-shaped ventilation duct of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 This is a layout diagram of the inclined shaft fan.

[0030] Figure 3 This is a diagram of the centralized control system structure.

[0031] The diagram is labeled as follows:

[0032] 1-Main tunnel, 2-Inclined shaft, 3-Y-type air supply duct, 4-Maintenance passage, 5-Combined air valve, 6-Jet fan, 7-Protective door, 8-Control chamber. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, a more complete description will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings. However, the invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a thorough and complete understanding of the disclosure of the invention.

[0034] It should be noted that similar reference numerals indicate similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one embodiment, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent embodiments. Furthermore, in the description of this invention, terms such as "first," "second," "left," and "right" are used only for distinguishing descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. In addition, the terms "comprising," "set," and any variations thereof are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, not necessarily limited to those devices explicitly listed, but may include other devices not explicitly listed or inherent to these processes or methods.

[0035] This invention provides an automatic ventilation system for double Y-shaped inclined shafts, see [link / reference]. Figure 1 The system includes a double Y-shaped ventilation duct set outside the main tunnel 1, and the double Y-shaped ventilation duct is set at the inclined shaft 2.

[0036] See Figure 1 and Figure 3 A fan is installed inside the double-Y-shaped ventilation duct, and the fan is connected to a fan control cabinet; an air valve is also installed inside the double-Y-shaped ventilation duct, and the air valve is connected to an air valve control cabinet; a train detection device and a train detection cabinet are installed inside the main tunnel 1, and the train detection device is connected to the train detection cabinet; an environmental detection device and an environmental monitoring cabinet are also installed inside the main tunnel 1, and the environmental detection device is connected to the environmental monitoring cabinet; the fan control cabinet, the air valve control cabinet, the train detection cabinet, and the environmental monitoring cabinet are all connected to a centralized control system.

[0037] The specific structure and operation of the double Y-shaped inclined shaft automatic ventilation system are described in detail below through examples:

[0038] Example 1: Dual Y-shaped channel

[0039] See Figure 1In this embodiment, the double Y-shaped ventilation duct includes an inclined Y-shaped air supply duct 3 and an inclined maintenance passage 4. The inclined shaft 2 is a construction inclined shaft set outside the main tunnel 1 during the tunnel construction stage. The ventilation duct structure combines the existing inclined shaft structure.

[0040] The Y-shaped air supply duct 3 is connected between the main tunnel 1 and the inclined shaft 2, and the Y-shaped air supply duct 3 and the inclined shaft 2 form a first Y-shaped ventilation duct; the maintenance passage 4 is located between the connection point of the Y-shaped air supply duct 3 and the main tunnel 1 and the connection point of the inclined shaft 2 and the main tunnel 1, and is connected between the main tunnel 1 and the inclined shaft 2, and the maintenance passage 4 and the inclined shaft 2 form a second Y-shaped ventilation duct.

[0041] This embodiment involves multiple devices for automatic monitoring of tunnel ventilation operation. A combined air valve 5 is installed within the Y-shaped air supply duct 3, located near the main tunnel 1. A jet fan 6 and the combined air valve 5 are installed within the inclined shaft 2, with the combined air valve 5 located near the main tunnel 1 and the jet fan 6 located at the entrance of the inclined shaft 2. The combined air valve 5 is connected to an air valve control cabinet, and the jet fan 6 is connected to a fan control cabinet. A centralized control system is located in a centralized control room and communicates with the air valve control cabinet and fan control cabinet in this embodiment. The air valve control cabinet, fan control cabinet, etc., are located in a control chamber 8 within the ventilation duct.

[0042] The above-described embodiment 1 involves a maintenance passage 4, within which a protective door 7 is installed. The protective door 7 is connected to a protective door control cabinet, which is connected to a centralized control system. In embodiment 1, the protective door 7 also participates in the automatic operation monitoring of tunnel ventilation, and the protective door control cabinet is located within the control chamber 15 situated within the maintenance passage 4.

[0043] This invention fully utilizes the piston-like airflow generated by trains traveling through tunnels for tunnel ventilation. Combined with an automatic control strategy, it effectively reduces the energy consumption of ventilation measures. The ventilation mode of the double-Y-shaped inclined shaft automatic ventilation system is described in detail below through specific embodiments:

[0044] Example 2: Piston air ventilation process of double Y-shaped inclined shaft automatic ventilation system, see [link / reference] Figure 1 :

[0045] When a train enters from the left side of the double-Y-shaped ventilation duct: the train detection equipment located on the left side of the double-Y-shaped ventilation duct detects the train's entry and sends the detection signal to the train detection cabinet, which then sends the signal to the centralized control system. The centralized control system sends an opening signal to the combined air valve 5 in the Y-shaped air supply duct 3 via the air valve control cabinet, thus opening the combined air valve 5. Simultaneously, it sends a closing signal to the combined air valve 5 in the inclined shaft 2 via the air valve control cabinet, thus closing the combined air valve 5. At the same time, it sends a closing signal to the protective door 7 in the maintenance passage 4 via the protective door control cabinet, thus closing the protective door 7. When the train enters this double-Y-shaped ventilation duct section, there is a positive pressure environment ahead. Due to the piston-like airflow, the polluted air in the main tunnel 1 can be discharged from the inclined shaft 2 through the Y-shaped air supply duct 3.

[0046] When the train exits from the right side of the double-Y-shaped ventilation duct: the train detection equipment located on the right side of the double-Y-shaped ventilation duct detects the train's exit signal and sends the detection signal to the train detection cabinet, which then sends the signal to the centralized control system; the centralized control system sends an opening signal to the combined air valve 5 in the inclined shaft 2 through the air valve control cabinet, and opens the combined air valve 5; simultaneously, it sends an opening signal to the protective door 7 in the maintenance passage 4 through the protective door control cabinet, and opens the protective door 7. When the train exits this double-Y-shaped ventilation duct section, there is a negative pressure environment behind it. Due to the action of the piston wind, fresh air enters the main tunnel 1 through the inclined shaft 2, the Y-shaped air supply duct 3, and the maintenance passage 4.

[0047] When the train enters from the right side of the double Y-shaped ventilation duct and exits from the left side, the monitoring of the air valves and protective doors is similar to the above.

[0048] The above embodiment 2 describes the ventilation process of a double Y-shaped ventilation duct based on piston wind. In a section of main tunnel construction, multiple double Y-shaped ventilation ducts can be constructed based on the existing inclined shaft according to actual needs. They can be operated independently or in combination.

[0049] This invention installs environmental monitoring equipment within the main tunnel 1. This equipment may include devices for monitoring parameters such as CO, NO2, ozone, dust, temperature, humidity, and oxygen concentration. The environmental monitoring equipment is connected to an environmental monitoring cabinet, which is located in a control chamber within the main tunnel 1. The environmental monitoring cabinet transmits the monitoring signals from the environmental monitoring equipment to a centralized control system. In the absence of train traffic generating piston wind, this invention can improve the ambient air quality within the main tunnel 1. If any monitoring signal received by the centralized control system exceeds a preset threshold, the corresponding equipment will be activated to expel polluted air from the main tunnel 1. Specific embodiments are as follows:

[0050] Example 3: Improving air quality inside main tunnel 1 using double Y-shaped ventilation ducts:

[0051] The centralized control system opens all the combined air valves 5 in at least one double Y-shaped ventilation duct through the air valve control cabinet, and opens the jet fan 6 in the inclined shaft 2 in the corresponding double Y-shaped ventilation duct through the fan control cabinet to discharge the polluted air in the main tunnel 1.

[0052] Depending on actual needs, the centralized control system can activate the corresponding equipment in multiple double Y-shaped ventilation ducts to improve the efficiency of exhausting polluted air.

[0053] In addition, the present invention includes multiple jet fans 6 arranged in the inclined shaft 2, such as... Figure 2 The arrangement in the middle creates a driving force for longitudinal airflow in inclined shaft 2.

[0054] During operation, if the train, various control cabinets, or other equipment malfunction, or if an accident occurs in the tunnel, the protective door 7 of the maintenance passage 4 can be opened to allow entry and exit for maintenance and escape.

[0055] In addition, this invention allows for the addition of meteorological monitoring equipment at the entrances of the main tunnel, inclined shafts, and auxiliary tunnels to monitor the external meteorological environment. The main monitoring parameters include atmospheric temperature, relative humidity, wind direction, wind speed, air pressure, and precipitation. During design and construction, the tunnel ventilation scheme is optimized based on the collected meteorological data. During operation, the collected meteorological data is transmitted to a centralized control system, combined with in-tunnel detection data for comprehensive analysis, and the ventilation equipment within the tunnel is adjusted to achieve dynamic and precise airflow control.

[0056] During the operation of the system of this invention, the centralized control system can dynamically adjust the opening of the air valve and the fan according to the train direction and the ambient air quality, change the direction of the fresh air flow, make full use of the piston action of the train, exhaust polluted air and introduce fresh air, thereby reducing the number of ventilation equipment to be turned on and reducing the power consumption after the railway is in operation.

[0057] The above examples illustrate the present invention only to aid in understanding it and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Those skilled in the art can make various simple deductions, modifications, or substitutions based on the principles of this invention.

Claims

1. A double-Y-shaped inclined shaft automatic ventilation system, characterized in that: The system includes a double Y-shaped ventilation duct set outside the main tunnel (1), and the double Y-shaped ventilation duct is set at the inclined shaft (2); The double Y-shaped ventilation duct includes an inclined Y-shaped air supply duct (3) and an inclined maintenance passage (4); the Y-shaped air supply duct (3) connects the main tunnel (1) and the inclined shaft (2), and the Y-shaped air supply duct (3) and the inclined shaft (2) form a first Y-shaped ventilation duct; the maintenance passage (4) is located between the connection point of the Y-shaped air supply duct (3) and the main tunnel (1) and the connection point of the inclined shaft (2) and the main tunnel (1), and connects the main tunnel (1) and the inclined shaft (2), and the maintenance passage (4) and the inclined shaft (2) form a second Y-shaped ventilation duct; A wind valve is installed in the double Y-shaped ventilation duct, and the wind valve is connected to the wind valve control cabinet; a train detection device is installed in the main tunnel (1), and the train detection device is connected to the train detection cabinet; a protective door (7) is installed in the maintenance passage (4), and the protective door (7) is connected to the protective door control cabinet. The air valve control cabinet, the train detection cabinet, and the protective door control cabinet are all connected to a centralized control system.

2. The automatic ventilation system with double Y-shaped inclined shafts according to claim 1, characterized in that: A combined air valve (5) is installed inside the Y-shaped air supply duct (3), and the combined air valve (5) is located near the main opening (1); The combined air valve (5) is connected to the air valve control cabinet.

3. The automatic ventilation system with double Y-shaped inclined shafts according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inclined shaft (2) is equipped with a jet fan (6) and a combined air valve (5). The combined air valve (5) is located near the main tunnel (1), and the jet fan (6) is located at the entrance of the inclined shaft (2). The combined air valve (5) is connected to the air valve control cabinet; The jet fan (6) is connected to the fan control cabinet, and the fan control cabinet is connected to the centralized control system.

4. The automatic ventilation system with double Y-shaped inclined shafts according to claim 3, characterized in that: When the train enters from the left side of the double Y-shaped ventilation duct: The train detection device, located on the left side of the double Y-shaped ventilation duct, detects the signal of a train entering and sends the detection signal to the train detection cabinet, which then sends the signal to the centralized control system. The centralized control system sends an opening signal to the combined air valve (5) in the Y-shaped air supply duct (3) through the air valve control cabinet and opens the combined air valve (5). At the same time, it sends a closing signal to the combined air valve (5) in the inclined shaft (2) through the air valve control cabinet and closes the combined air valve (5). At the same time, it sends a closing signal to the protective door (7) in the maintenance passage (4) through the protective door control cabinet and closes the protective door (7). The polluted air in the main tunnel (1) is discharged from the inclined shaft (2) through the Y-shaped air supply duct (3).

5. The automatic ventilation system with double Y-shaped inclined shafts according to claim 3, characterized in that: When the train exits from the right side of the double Y-shaped ventilation duct: The train detection device, located on the right side of the double Y-shaped ventilation duct, detects the signal of the train departing and sends the detection signal to the train detection cabinet, which then sends the signal to the centralized control system. The centralized control system sends an opening signal to the combined air valve (5) in the inclined shaft (2) through the air valve control cabinet and opens the combined air valve (5). At the same time, the combined air valve (5) in the Y-shaped air supply duct (3) is kept open. At the same time, the control system sends an opening signal to the protective door (7) in the maintenance passage (4) through the protective door control cabinet and opens the protective door (7). Fresh air is input into the main tunnel (1) through the inclined shaft (2), the Y-shaped air supply duct (3) and the maintenance passage (4).

6. The automatic ventilation system with double Y-shaped inclined shafts according to claim 3, characterized in that: An environmental monitoring device and an environmental monitoring cabinet are installed inside the main tunnel (1). The environmental monitoring device is connected to the environmental monitoring cabinet, and the environmental monitoring cabinet sends the monitoring signal of the environmental monitoring device to the centralized control system.

7. The automatic ventilation system with double Y-shaped inclined shafts according to claim 6, characterized in that: When the monitoring signal received by the centralized control system from the environmental monitoring cabinet exceeds the preset threshold in the centralized control system, the combined air valve (5) in the double Y-shaped ventilation duct is opened through the air valve control cabinet, and the jet fan (6) in the inclined shaft (2) in the double Y-shaped ventilation duct is opened through the fan control cabinet to discharge the polluted air in the main tunnel (1).

Images