Air-suction dust removal device for tunnel construction

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of tunnel construction equipment, and particularly relates to an air suction type dust removal device for tunnel construction; the device comprises an air suction port device, an expansion cavity, a corona electrode, an electrostatic adsorption device, an ash bucket, an exhaust pipe, a fan and a discharge port, wherein the air suction port device is connected with the front end of the expansion cavity through an air inlet pipe, the corona electrode is installed at the connection position of the expansion cavity and the air inlet pipe, the electrostatic adsorption device is installed in the expansion cavity, the ash bucket is arranged below the electrostatic adsorption device, the expansion cavity is connected with the fan through the exhaust pipe at the tail end, and the exhaust port of the fan is connected to the discharge port; the present application is based on the principle that ozone is generated at the same time when dust is adsorbed by electrostatic adsorption based on corona discharge, realizes the synchronous harmless treatment of the tunnel construction dust and the pollution gas leakage, has low equipment cost, the core equipment is arranged in a concentrated manner, and is convenient to use and maintain.

Description

Technical fields:

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel construction equipment technology, and in particular to a suction-type dust removal device for tunnel construction. Background technology:

[0002] When excavating inside a tunnel, dust problems arise due to the relatively enclosed environment. This is especially true when excavating dry rock and soil layers. Without dust suppression and removal operations, severe dust can not only affect the long-term health of construction workers but also increase the risk of construction accidents due to reduced visibility.

[0003] To address dust pollution during tunnel construction, forced ventilation with fans or water spraying are commonly used solutions. Water spraying, however, can lead to severe water accumulation within the tunnel, disrupting construction and requiring supporting water supply and drainage systems. In certain soil and rock environments, it can alter the load-bearing capacity of the soil and rock, affecting the structural stability of the tunnel walls, increasing construction support costs, and creating safety risks. Forced ventilation with fans, on the other hand, directly releases dust into the atmosphere from the tunnel entrance, causing significant pollution. Currently, a common approach is to extract air from the construction section and then remove dust outside the tunnel before discharging it. Various dust removal methods exist for this approach, including deceleration and settling, bag filtration, and spraying, as well as combinations thereof. While the dust suppression efficiency within the construction section of the tunnel is generally low due to limitations in fan and suction pipe efficiency, it results in less environmental pollution and a safer and more stable implementation process.

[0004] However, existing air intake ventilation and dust removal solutions still have shortcomings. During the excavation of soil and rock layers, gaseous pollutants such as methane, hydrogen sulfide, and carbon monoxide produced by plant roots, animal carcasses, and some deeply buried humus will spill into the tunnel. Although existing air intake ventilation and dust removal solutions can filter out most of the dust during the dust removal process outside the tunnel, they cannot effectively filter out the above-mentioned low-concentration gaseous pollutants. Direct emission still causes air pollution. Moreover, because the concentration of the above-mentioned gaseous pollutants is low, the conventional incineration harmless treatment solution requires a large amount of additional energy or fuel consumption, which will cause greater indirect pollution and increase construction costs. Summary of the Invention:

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a suction-type dust removal device for tunnel construction, which improves upon the suction ventilation dust removal scheme for tunnel construction, and can treat the low-concentration harmful gases extracted at an acceptable low cost.

[0006] The suction-type dust removal device used in tunnel construction includes a suction port, an expansion chamber, a corona electrode, an electrostatic adsorption device, a dust hopper, an exhaust pipe, a fan, and a discharge port.

[0007] The air intake device is connected to the front end of the expansion chamber through the air intake pipe. A corona electrode is installed at the connection between the expansion chamber and the air intake pipe. An electrostatic adsorption device is installed inside the expansion chamber. A ash hopper is set below the electrostatic adsorption device. The end of the expansion chamber is connected to the fan through the exhaust pipe. The exhaust port of the fan is connected to the discharge port.

[0008] The above structure consists of a pre-filter, an air intake pipe, and an air intake pipe bracket. The pre-filter is used to remove large dust particles from the intake air, and the air intake pipe is a flexible hose that is installed in the construction dust area through the air intake pipe bracket.

[0009] During operation, the intake guide pipe is mounted on a support frame at the working section inside the tunnel. The fan starts, causing air inside the tunnel to move along the path of the intake device, inlet pipe, expansion chamber, exhaust pipe, fan, and outlet. The corona electrode and electrostatic adsorption device are energized, creating a potential difference between them and generating a corona at the corona electrode. During this process, as the airflow passes through the pre-filter, larger dust particles are filtered out, preventing them from accumulating and clogging the electrostatic adsorption device later. When the airflow enters the expansion chamber, the suspended particles in the air become charged due to the corona effect and are adsorbed onto the electrostatic adsorption device under the influence of the potential difference. Simultaneously, the air, affected by the corona, generates active oxygen (ozone), which mixes into the airflow. As the airflow passes through the exhaust pipe, the active oxygen reacts with low concentrations of methane, hydrogen sulfide, and other harmful gases in the air, oxidizing and neutralizing them, thereby reducing related pollution.

[0010] In cases where the exhaust pipe is short, to ensure complete harmless treatment, baffles, baffle boxes, and ultraviolet lamps should be installed on the exhaust pipe to increase the rate of harmless treatment.

[0011] Preferably, the pre-filter is a cyclone dust collector, which, in addition to removing large dust particles, also has the function of fully mixing and collecting condensed droplets in the air with large dust particles in a high-humidity tunnel environment, reducing the relative humidity of the air, and preventing condensed droplets from adhering to the electrostatic adsorption device and forming mud that could cause equipment blockage.

[0012] Preferably, this design also includes a flame-retardant copper mesh, which is installed at the front end of the expansion chamber, between the corona electrode and the air inlet pipe. The airflow from the air inlet pipe passes through the flame-retardant copper mesh into the expansion chamber. This structure is used to prevent the combustible gas in the tunnel from accidentally exceeding the standard and being ignited by the corona electrode, leading to a deflagration accident.

[0013] Preferably, the discharge outlet is equipped with a catalyst device or a water curtain device to spray and remove excess ozone, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur oxides generated during the harmless treatment process before discharge.

[0014] Preferably, the expansion chamber is a horizontally installed spindle-shaped container with its two converging ends being the front and rear ends of the expansion chamber, respectively connected to the air inlet pipe and the exhaust pipe. The electrostatic adsorption device is a perforated plate, vertically installed in the middle of the spindle shape. The ash hopper is located below the electrostatic adsorption device, with the lower end of the electrostatic adsorption device extending into the ash hopper. The ash adsorbed on the electrostatic adsorption device accumulates and then slides off by its own weight, falling into the ash hopper for easy cleaning.

[0015] Furthermore, the electrostatic adsorption device consists of a dust collection tube and adsorption blades connected in a branch-like manner to the dust collection tube. A dust sliding groove is provided on the upper part of the adsorption blades to collect the dust collected from the adsorption blades above and guide it into the dust collection tube.

[0016] Alternatively, the expansion chamber is composed of a first expansion tube and a second expansion tube connected end to end in a V-shape, with the ash hopper located at the bottom of the V-shape. The front end of the first expansion tube is connected to the air inlet pipe, and the rear end of the second expansion tube is connected to the exhaust pipe. An electrostatic adsorption device is installed on the side wall of the second expansion tube, with the lower end of the electrostatic adsorption device extending into the ash hopper.

[0017] Furthermore, the electrostatic adsorption device consists of a sliding plate and an adsorption plate. The sliding plate is attached to the side wall of the second expansion tube, and the adsorption plate is a louvered plate structure installed on the sliding plate with gaps. The louvers are inclined and interlocked, so that the lower part of each louver is located between the upper part of the lower louver and the sliding plate. The ash falling by gravity slides along the sliding plate into the ash hopper, and is shielded by the louvers to prevent it from being blown up again by the airflow and entering the exhaust pipe during the sliding process.

[0018] Preferably, the electrostatic adsorption device is also equipped with a vibrating hammer, which periodically vibrates the electrostatic adsorption device to ensure smooth dust collection without clogging.

[0019] This invention provides a suction-type dust removal device for tunnel construction. Based on the principle of corona discharge electrostatic adsorption of floating dust while generating ozone, it achieves simultaneous harmless treatment of dust and polluting gas leakage during tunnel construction. The device has low cost and the core equipment is centrally located, making it easy to use and maintain. Attached image description:

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the principle structure of a specific embodiment of a suction-type dust removal device used in tunnel construction;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the front view of an electrostatic adsorption device, a specific embodiment of a suction-type dust removal device used in tunnel construction.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a side view of the electrostatic adsorption device, a specific embodiment of a suction-type dust removal device used in tunnel construction.

[0023] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the principle structure of a specific embodiment two of a suction-type dust removal device used in tunnel construction;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the electrostatic adsorption device, a specific embodiment of a suction-type dust removal device used in tunnel construction. In the diagram: 1. Cyclone dust collector; 2. Inlet pipe; 201. Flame-retardant copper mesh; 3. Corona electrode; 4. Expansion chamber; 401. First expansion pipe; 402. Second expansion pipe; 5. Electrostatic adsorption device; 5. Ash collection pipe; 501. Adsorption blades; 502. Ash sliding trough; 503. Ash sliding plate; 504. Adsorption plate; 505. Connector; 506. Vibratory hammer; 6. Ash hopper; 7. Exhaust pipe; 8. Fan; 9. Discharge port; 10. Water curtain device; 11. Detailed implementation method:

[0025] Specific embodiment 1: A suction-type dust removal device for tunnel construction, including a suction port device, an expansion chamber 4, a corona electrode 3, an electrostatic adsorption device 5, a dust hopper 7, an exhaust pipe 8, a fan 9, and a discharge port 10.

[0026] The air intake device is connected to the front end of the expansion chamber 4 through the air intake pipe 2. A corona electrode 3 is installed at the connection between the expansion chamber 4 and the air intake pipe 2. An electrostatic adsorption device 5 is installed inside the expansion chamber 4. A dust hopper 7 is set below the electrostatic adsorption device 5. The end of the expansion chamber 4 is connected to the fan 9 through the exhaust pipe 8. The exhaust port of the fan 9 is connected to the discharge port 10.

[0027] The above structure consists of a pre-filter, an air intake pipe, and an air intake pipe bracket. The pre-filter is used to remove large dust particles from the intake air, and the air intake pipe is a flexible hose that is installed in the construction dust area through the air intake pipe bracket.

[0028] The pre-filter is a cyclone dust collector 1. In addition to removing large dust particles, it can also fully mix and collect condensed droplets in the air with large dust particles in a high-humidity tunnel environment, thereby reducing the relative humidity of the air and preventing condensed droplets from adhering to the electrostatic adsorption device 5 and forming mud that could cause equipment blockage.

[0029] This design also includes a flame-retardant copper mesh 201, which is installed at the front end of the expansion chamber 4, between the corona electrode 3 and the air inlet pipe 2. The airflow from the air inlet pipe 2 passes through the flame-retardant copper mesh 201 and enters the expansion chamber 4. This structure is used to prevent the combustible gas in the tunnel from accidentally exceeding the standard and being ignited by the corona electrode 3, resulting in a deflagration accident.

[0030] The discharge outlet 10 is equipped with a water curtain device 11, which sprays and removes excess ozone, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur oxides generated during the harmless treatment process before discharge.

[0031] The expansion chamber 4 is a horizontally installed spindle-shaped container with its two converging ends being the front and rear ends of the expansion chamber 4, respectively connected to the air inlet pipe 2 and the exhaust pipe 8. The electrostatic adsorption device 5 is a perforated plate-shaped device, vertically installed in the middle of the spindle shape. The ash hopper 7 is located below the electrostatic adsorption device 5, with the lower end of the electrostatic adsorption device 5 extending into the ash hopper 7. The ash adsorbed on the electrostatic adsorption device 5 accumulates and then slides off due to its own weight, falling into the ash hopper 7 for easy cleaning.

[0032] The electrostatic adsorption device 5 consists of a dust collection pipe 501 and adsorption blades 502 connected in a branched manner to the dust collection pipe 501. A dust sliding groove 503 is provided on the upper part of the adsorption blades 502 to collect the dust collected from the adsorption blades 502 and guide it into the dust collection pipe 501.

[0033] The electrostatic adsorption device 5 is also equipped with a vibrating hammer 6, which periodically vibrates the electrostatic adsorption device 5 to ensure smooth dust flow without clogging.

[0034] Specific embodiment 2: A suction-type dust removal device for tunnel construction, including a suction port device, an expansion chamber 4, a corona electrode 3, an electrostatic adsorption device 5, a dust hopper 7, an exhaust pipe 8, a fan 9, and a discharge port 10.

[0035] The air intake device is connected to the front end of the expansion chamber 4 through the air intake pipe 2. A corona electrode 3 is installed at the connection between the expansion chamber 4 and the air intake pipe 2. An electrostatic adsorption device 5 is installed inside the expansion chamber 4. A dust hopper 7 is set below the electrostatic adsorption device 5. The end of the expansion chamber 4 is connected to the fan 9 through the exhaust pipe 8. The exhaust port of the fan 9 is connected to the discharge port 10.

[0036] The above structure consists of a pre-filter, an air intake pipe, and an air intake pipe bracket. The pre-filter is used to remove large dust particles from the intake air, and the air intake pipe is a flexible hose that is installed in the construction dust area through the air intake pipe bracket.

[0037] In cases where the exhaust pipe 8 is relatively short, in order to ensure complete harmless treatment, a baffle plate, a baffle box, and an ultraviolet lamp should be installed on the exhaust pipe 8 to increase the speed of the harmless treatment reaction.

[0038] The pre-filter is a cyclone dust collector 1. In addition to removing large dust particles, it can also fully mix and collect condensed droplets in the air with large dust particles in a high-humidity tunnel environment, thereby reducing the relative humidity of the air and preventing condensed droplets from adhering to the electrostatic adsorption device 5 and forming mud that could cause equipment blockage.

[0039] This design also includes a flame-retardant copper mesh 201, which is installed at the front end of the expansion chamber 4, between the corona electrode 3 and the air inlet pipe 2. The airflow from the air inlet pipe 2 passes through the flame-retardant copper mesh 201 and enters the expansion chamber 4. This structure is used to prevent the combustible gas in the tunnel from accidentally exceeding the standard and being ignited by the corona electrode 3, resulting in a deflagration accident.

[0040] The discharge outlet 10 is equipped with a water curtain device 11, which sprays and removes excess ozone, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur oxides generated during the harmless treatment process before discharge.

[0041] The expansion chamber 4 is composed of a first expansion tube 401 and a second expansion tube 402 connected end to end in a V shape. The ash hopper 7 is set at the bottom of the V shape. The front end of the first expansion tube 401 is connected to the air inlet pipe 2, and the rear end of the second expansion tube 402 is connected to the exhaust pipe 8. The electrostatic adsorption device 5 is installed on the side wall of the second expansion tube 402, and the lower end of the electrostatic adsorption device 5 extends into the ash hopper 7.

[0042] The electrostatic adsorption device 5 consists of a sliding plate 504 and an adsorption plate 505. The sliding plate 504 is attached to the side wall of the second expansion tube 402. The adsorption plate 505 is a louvered plate with the blades connected and fixed by connectors 506. It is installed on the sliding plate 504 with gaps. The louvered blades are inclined and embedded, so that the lower part of each louvered blade is located between the upper part of the lower louvered blade and the sliding plate 504. The ash falling by gravity slides along the sliding plate 504 into the ash hopper 7. During this process, it is shielded by the louvered blades to prevent it from being blown up again by the airflow and entering the exhaust pipe 8.

[0043] The electrostatic adsorption device 5 is also equipped with a vibrating hammer 6, which periodically vibrates the electrostatic adsorption device 5 to ensure smooth dust flow without clogging.

[0044] During operation, the intake guide pipe is mounted on the working section inside the tunnel by the intake guide pipe bracket. The fan 9 is started, causing the air inside the tunnel to move along the path of the intake device, intake pipe 2, expansion chamber 4, exhaust pipe 8, fan 9, and exhaust port 10. The corona electrode 3 and the electrostatic adsorption device 5 are energized, creating a potential difference between the corona electrode 3 and the electrostatic adsorption device 5, and generating a corona at the corona electrode 3. During the process, when the airflow passes through the pre-filter, the pre-filter removes larger dust particles to prevent them from accumulating and clogging the electrostatic adsorption device 5 in the subsequent process. When the airflow enters the expansion chamber 4, the suspended particles in the airflow are charged due to the corona effect and are adsorbed onto the electrostatic adsorption device 5 under the action of the potential difference. At the same time, the air generates active oxygen, i.e., ozone, due to the corona effect, which mixes into the airflow. During the process of the airflow passing through the exhaust pipe 8, the active oxygen reacts with low concentrations of methane, hydrogen sulfide, and other harmful gases in the air, oxidizing and rendering them harmless, thereby reducing related pollution.

Claims

1. A suction-type dust removal device for tunnel construction, characterized in that, Includes an air intake device, expansion chamber, corona electrode, electrostatic adsorption device, ash hopper, exhaust pipe, fan, and discharge port; The air intake device is connected to the front end of the expansion chamber through the air intake pipe. A corona electrode is installed at the connection between the expansion chamber and the air intake pipe. An electrostatic adsorption device is installed inside the expansion chamber. A ash hopper is set below the electrostatic adsorption device. The end of the expansion chamber is connected to the fan through the exhaust pipe. The exhaust port of the fan is connected to the discharge port. The above structure consists of a pre-filter, an air intake pipe, and an air intake pipe bracket. The pre-filter is used to remove large dust particles from the intake air. The air intake pipe is a flexible hose that is installed in the construction dust area through the air intake pipe bracket. The expansion chamber is composed of a first expansion tube and a second expansion tube connected end to end in a V-shape. The ash hopper is located at the bottom of the V-shape. The front end of the first expansion tube is connected to the air inlet pipe, and the rear end of the second expansion tube is connected to the exhaust pipe. The electrostatic adsorption device is installed on the side wall of the second expansion tube, and the lower end of the electrostatic adsorption device extends into the ash hopper. The electrostatic adsorption device consists of a sliding plate and an adsorption plate. The sliding plate is attached to the side wall of the second expansion tube, and the adsorption plate is a louvered plate structure installed on the sliding plate with gaps. The louver blades are inclined and interlocked, so that the lower part of each louver blade is located between the upper part of the lower louver blade and the sliding plate.

2. The suction-type dust removal device for tunnel construction as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The pre-filter is a cyclone dust collector.

3. The suction-type dust removal device for tunnel construction as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a flame-retardant copper mesh, which is installed at the front end of the expansion chamber, between the corona electrode and the air inlet pipe. The airflow from the air inlet pipe passes through the flame-retardant copper mesh and enters the expansion chamber.

4. The suction-type dust removal device for tunnel construction as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The discharge port is equipped with a catalyst device or a water curtain device.

5. The suction-type dust removal device for tunnel construction as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The electrostatic adsorption device is also equipped with a vibrating hammer.

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