A levitation magnet, a train and a control method of the levitation magnet

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of levitation magnet, train and the control method of levitation magnet, it is related to magnetic levitation field, levitation magnet includes multiple electromagnetic modules and at least one permanent magnet module, electromagnetic module is set in the upper portion of permanent magnet module, electromagnetic module includes core and coil, coil is wound on core;Permanent magnet module includes yoke, permanent magnet and isolation module, the lower portion of isolation module is bonded with the upper portion of permanent magnet, the upper portion of yoke is provided with the cavity of containing isolation module, the lower portion of yoke is provided with the cavity of containing permanent magnet, electromagnetic magnetic circuit generated by electromagnetic module passes through isolation module, electromagnetic module and permanent magnet module are used to generate electromagnetic force to realize train levitation on track.By setting isolation module, electromagnetic magnetic circuit is transmitted through isolation module, does not pass through permanent magnet, electromagnetic module and permanent magnet module do not interfere with each other, control is more convenient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of magnetic levitation, and in particular to a levitation magnet, a train, and a control method for the levitation magnet. Background Technology

[0002] The highest operating speed of high-speed maglev trains in China has reached 503 km / h. Ultra-high-speed operation requires maglev trains to have higher levitation capabilities. Currently, high-speed maglev trains are designed for speeds of 600 km / h, and conventional levitation electromagnets can meet the operational requirements. However, with further increases in speed, the vertical dynamic load on the vehicle intensifies, placing higher demands on load-bearing capacity. The levitation magnets in related technologies include electromagnetic circuits and permanent magnet circuits. Depending on the actual needs, the levitation capability can be improved by increasing the current in the electromagnetic circuit. However, increasing the current can lead to severe heat generation and the risk of burnout. Furthermore, the permanent magnet circuit interferes with the electromagnetic circuit, making adjustment inconvenient. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a levitation magnet, a train, and a control method for the levitation magnet. By setting up an isolation module, the electromagnetic circuit is transmitted through the isolation module without passing through the permanent magnet. The electromagnetic module and the permanent magnet module do not interfere with each other, making control more convenient.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a levitation magnet, comprising multiple electromagnetic modules and at least one permanent magnet module; The electromagnetic module is disposed on the upper part of the permanent magnet module. The electromagnetic module includes an iron core and a coil, and the coil is wound on the iron core. The permanent magnet module includes a yoke, a permanent magnet, and an isolation module. The lower part of the isolation module is attached to the upper part of the permanent magnet. The upper part of the yoke is provided with a cavity to accommodate the isolation module, and the lower part of the yoke is provided with a cavity to accommodate the permanent magnet. The electromagnetic circuit generated by the electromagnetic module passes through the isolation module. The electromagnetic module and the permanent magnet module are used to generate electromagnetic force to enable the train to levitate on the track.

[0005] On the other hand, the isolation module is made of one of plastic, ceramic, aluminum alloy or titanium alloy.

[0006] On the other hand, the magnetic poles of the permanent magnet are arranged longitudinally along the track, and when the number of permanent magnet modules is greater than one, the N poles of the permanent magnets in two adjacent permanent magnet modules are in opposite directions.

[0007] On the other hand, the electromagnetic module includes an S-pole electromagnet and an N-pole electromagnet. The two ends of the S-pole electromagnet are respectively attached to the upper part of the yoke near the S-pole side of the permanent magnet, and the two ends of the N-pole electromagnet are respectively attached to the upper part of the yoke near the N-pole side of the permanent magnet.

[0008] On the other hand, the upper part of the magnetic yoke is flush with the upper part of the isolation module, and the lower part of the magnetic yoke is flush with the lower part of the permanent magnet.

[0009] On the other hand, the width of the permanent magnet is greater than the width of the isolation module.

[0010] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the present invention also provides a train comprising the aforementioned levitation magnet.

[0011] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the present invention also provides a method for controlling a levitating magnet, wherein the levitating magnet is the aforementioned levitating magnet, and the method for controlling the levitating magnet includes: Determine the gap between the levitation magnet and the track; When the gap is greater than the rated gap, the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic module in the suspending magnet is increased. When the gap is smaller than the rated gap, the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic module in the levitation magnet is reduced.

[0012] On the other hand, determining the gap between the levitation magnet and the track includes: The gap between the levitation magnet and the track is determined based on data collected by a gap sensor mounted on the levitation magnet.

[0013] On the other hand, controlling the increase of the magnetic field generated by the levitating magnet includes: The current output to the electromagnetic module is increased, and the direction of the magnetic field generated by the current is the same as the direction of the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet module in the suspended magnet. Controlling the reduction of the magnetic field generated by the levitating magnet includes: The current output to the electromagnetic module is increased, and the direction of the magnetic field generated by the current is opposite to the direction of the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet module in the suspended magnet. Alternatively, the current output to the electromagnetic module can be reduced, and the direction of the magnetic field generated by the current can be controlled to be the same as the direction of the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet module in the suspended magnet.

[0014] This invention discloses a levitation magnet, a train, and a control method for the levitation magnet, relating to the field of magnetic levitation. The levitation magnet includes multiple electromagnetic modules and at least one permanent magnet module. The electromagnetic modules are disposed on the upper part of the permanent magnet module and include an iron core and a coil wound on the iron core. The permanent magnet module includes a yoke, a permanent magnet, and an isolation module. The lower part of the isolation module is attached to the upper part of the permanent magnet. The upper part of the yoke has a cavity for accommodating the isolation module, and the lower part of the yoke has a cavity for accommodating the permanent magnet. The electromagnetic circuit generated by the electromagnetic modules passes through the isolation module. The electromagnetic modules and the permanent magnet module are used to generate electromagnetic force to levitate the train on the track. By setting up the isolation module, the electromagnetic circuit is transmitted through the isolation module without passing through the permanent magnet, and the electromagnetic modules and the permanent magnet module do not interfere with each other, making control more convenient. Attached Figure Description

[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the prior art and embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0016] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a levitation magnet provided by the present invention; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the magnetic circuit of a levitation magnet provided by the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the magnetic circuit structure of another levitation magnet provided by the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the magnetic circuit structure of a levitation magnet in a related technology. Figure 5 A flowchart of a control method for a levitated magnet provided by the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the control circuit for a levitation magnet provided by the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The core of this invention is to provide a levitation magnet, a train, and a control method for the levitation magnet. By setting up an isolation module, the electromagnetic circuit is transmitted through the isolation module without passing through the permanent magnet. The electromagnetic module and the permanent magnet module do not interfere with each other, making control more convenient.

[0018] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a levitation magnet provided by the present invention. The levitation magnet 1 includes multiple electromagnetic modules 3 and at least one permanent magnet module 10. The electromagnetic module 3 is located on the upper part of the permanent magnet module 10. The electromagnetic module 3 includes an iron core 4 and a coil 5, with the coil 5 wound on the iron core 4. The permanent magnet module 10 includes a yoke 6, a permanent magnet 7, and an isolation module 8. The lower part of the isolation module 8 is attached to the upper part of the permanent magnet 7. The upper part of the yoke 6 is provided with a cavity to accommodate the isolation module 8, and the lower part of the yoke 6 is provided with a cavity to accommodate the permanent magnet 7. The electromagnetic circuit generated by the electromagnetic module 3 passes through the isolation module 8. The electromagnetic module 3 and the permanent magnet module 10 are used to generate electromagnetic force to enable the train to levitate on the track 2.

[0020] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the magnetic circuit of a levitation magnet provided by the present invention; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the magnetic circuit structure of another levitation magnet provided by the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the magnetic circuit structure of a levitation magnet in a related technology. Solid lines represent permanent magnet circuits, and double-dotted lines represent electromagnetic circuits. Figure 4 It is understandable that the electromagnetic circuit in the relevant technology must pass through the permanent magnet 7. Therefore, when adjusting the electromagnetic circuit of the electromagnetic module 3, the permanent magnet 7 will affect the electromagnetic circuit. Thus, if the current is increased in the relevant technology center, it will lead to severe heat generation.

[0021] This application incorporates an isolation module 8, which functions like air for the magnetic circuit. The electromagnetic circuit can transmit signals through the isolation module 8 without passing through the permanent magnet 7, reducing the magnetic reluctance of the magnetic circuit loop, improving electromagnetic regulation capability, enhancing electromagnetic dynamic response capability, and significantly reducing the risk of being pulled in. Since the electromagnetic circuit does not pass through the permanent magnet 7, the width of the permanent magnet 7 can be increased, increasing the permanent magnet flux and improving levitation capability.

[0022] Specifically, Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the magnetic circuit structure of the levitation magnet 1 under electromagnetic enhancement. Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the magnetic circuit of the suspending magnet 1 when the electromagnetic field is weakened. In the actual control process, the electromagnetic force of the electromagnetic circuit can be adjusted by adjusting the direction of the current in the electromagnetic circuit.

[0023] This application provides a levitation magnet, relating to the field of magnetic levitation, specifically the field of magnetic levitation. The levitation magnet includes multiple electromagnetic modules and at least one permanent magnet module. The electromagnetic modules are disposed above the permanent magnet module and include an iron core and a coil wound on the iron core. The permanent magnet module includes a yoke, a permanent magnet, and an isolation module. The lower part of the isolation module is attached to the upper part of the permanent magnet. The upper part of the yoke has a cavity for accommodating the isolation module, and the lower part of the yoke has a cavity for accommodating the permanent magnet. The electromagnetic circuit generated by the electromagnetic modules passes through the isolation module. The electromagnetic modules and the permanent magnet module are used to generate electromagnetic force to levitate the train on the track. By setting up the isolation module, the electromagnetic circuit is transmitted through the isolation module without passing through the permanent magnet, and the electromagnetic modules and permanent magnet modules do not interfere with each other, making control more convenient.

[0024] Based on the above embodiments: The electromagnetic path generated by the electromagnetic module 3 starts from the current iron core 4, passes through the air gap 9 between the track 2 and the iron core 4, the track, the first air gap 9, the iron core 4 adjacent to the current iron core 4, the magnetic yoke 6, the isolation module 8 and the magnetic yoke 6, and returns to the current iron core 4.

[0025] For the electromagnetic circuit, there exists a path that starts from the iron core 4 of electromagnetic module 3, passes through air gap 9, track, air gap 9 again, the iron core 4 of adjacent electromagnetic module 3, yoke 6, isolation module 8, yoke 6, and returns to the original iron core 4 of electromagnetic module 3. The electromagnetic circuit shares a common magnetic path with the iron core 4, air gap 9, and track of electromagnetic module 3, and the total magnetic flux at that location can be changed by electromagnetic flux.

[0026] The first permanent magnet route generated by the permanent magnet module 10 starts from the N pole of the permanent magnet 7, passes through the iron core 4, yoke 6, air gap 9, track, air gap 9 connected to the N pole of the permanent magnet 7, the iron core 4 and yoke 6 connected to the S pole of the permanent magnet 7, and returns to the S pole of the permanent magnet 7.

[0027] The second permanent magnet route generated by the permanent magnet module 10 starts from the N pole of the permanent magnet 7, passes through the isolation module 8 and the yoke 6, and returns to the S pole of the permanent magnet 7.

[0028] For the permanent magnet circuit, there are two paths. One path starts from the N pole of the permanent magnet 7, passes through the yoke 6 and the isolation module 8, and the yoke 6 returns to the S pole of the permanent magnet 7. The other path starts from the N pole of the permanent magnet 7, passes through the yoke 6, the iron core 4, the air gap 9, the track, the air gap 9, the iron core of the adjacent electromagnetic module 3, and the yoke 6, and returns to the S pole of the permanent magnet 7.

[0029] In some embodiments, the isolation module 8 is made of plastic, ceramic, aluminum alloy or titanium alloy.

[0030] Understandably, the isolation module needs to be non-magnetic, and alloy materials such as aluminum alloy or titanium alloy can be used to enhance stability.

[0031] In some embodiments, the magnetic poles of the permanent magnet 7 are arranged longitudinally along the track 2, and when the number of permanent magnet modules 10 is greater than one, the N poles of the permanent magnets 7 in two adjacent permanent magnet modules 10 are in opposite directions.

[0032] Along the direction of the railway track, the permanent magnets are arranged in the order of N pole, S pole, N pole, S pole.

[0033] In some embodiments, the electromagnetic module 3 includes an S-pole electromagnet and an N-pole electromagnet. The two ends of the S-pole electromagnet are respectively attached to the upper part of the yoke 6 on the S-pole side near the permanent magnet 7, and the two ends of the N-pole electromagnet are respectively attached to the upper part of the yoke 6 on the N-pole side near the permanent magnet 7.

[0034] In some embodiments, the upper part of the yoke 6 is flush with the upper part of the isolation module 8, and the lower part of the yoke 6 is flush with the lower part of the permanent magnet 7.

[0035] In some embodiments, the width of the permanent magnet 7 is greater than the width of the isolation module 8.

[0036] The permanent magnet circuit causes the electromagnetic module 3 to have alternating N and S poles, meaning that the polarities of two adjacent electromagnetic modules 3 are opposite. Simultaneously, the permanent magnet 7 also has alternating N and S poles.

[0037] Since the electromagnetic circuit does not pass through the permanent magnet 7, the width of the permanent magnet 7 can be increased, thereby increasing the permanent magnet flux and improving the levitation ability. It is understandable that the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet 7 is fixed, and can only be adjusted by regulating the current output to the electromagnetic module 3.

[0038] This application also provides a train including the aforementioned levitation magnet 1.

[0039] The train described in this application is based on the above embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0040] Figure 5 A flowchart of a control method for a levitation magnet provided by the present invention, which is applied to the controller of the aforementioned train, includes: S1: Determine the gap between the levitation magnet 1 and the track; S2: When the gap is greater than the rated gap, the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic module 3 in the levitation magnet 1 is increased; S3: When the gap is smaller than the rated gap, the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic module 3 in the levitation magnet 1 is reduced.

[0041] A gap sensor is installed on the magnet. The sensor detects the gap between the magnet and the track and transmits the gap value to the controller. The controller, based on control logic, outputs current to the magnet to change the magnetic force, thereby ensuring the magnet's stable levitation. The control output circuit of the hybrid magnet differs somewhat from that of the electromagnet. For a pure electromagnet, only a unidirectional output circuit is needed. When the gap increases and the electromagnetic force needs to be increased, the electromagnet current is increased; conversely, when the gap decreases and the electromagnetic force needs to be decreased, the electromagnet current is decreased. There is a rated current (20~30A). For a permanent magnet-electromagnetic hybrid magnet, a bidirectional output circuit is required because the permanent magnet field provides the magnetic force, and the electromagnetic field is used to adjust the magnitude of the magnetic force. When the gap increases and the magnetic force needs to be increased, the magnet current is increased, increasing the overall magnetic flux; conversely, when the gap decreases and the electromagnetic force needs to be decreased, the current is not only reduced but also reversed and increased, reducing the overall magnetic flux. The rated current is very small (0~10A). Specifically, the gap is the air gap 9 between the iron core 4 and the track 2.

[0042] In some embodiments, determining the gap between the levitation magnet 1 and the track 2 includes: The gap between the levitation magnet 1 and the track 2 is determined based on the data collected by the gap sensor installed on the levitation magnet 1.

[0043] In some embodiments, controlling the increase of the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic module 3 in the levitation magnet 1 includes: The current output to the electromagnetic module 3 is increased, and the direction of the magnetic field generated by the current is the same as the direction of the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet module 10 in the levitation magnet 1.

[0044] The magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic module 3 in the levitation magnet 1 is reduced, including: The current output to the electromagnetic module 3 is increased, and the direction of the magnetic field generated by the control current is opposite to the direction of the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet module 10 in the levitation magnet 1. Alternatively, the current output to the electromagnetic module 3 can be reduced, and the direction of the magnetic field generated by the control current is the same as the direction of the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet module 10 in the levitation magnet 1.

[0045] Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of the control circuit for a levitation magnet 1 provided by the present invention. By setting up switching transistors T1, T2, T3, and T4, the direction of the current output to the electromagnet is changed by controlling the conduction and cutoff of the four switching transistors, thereby altering the electromagnetic force generated by the electromagnetic module 3. Vs is the power supply, Cf is the filter capacitor, is is the current, and V0 is the voltage across the electromagnet, which is the electromagnetic module 3.

[0046] When a greater electromagnetic force is required, the electromagnetic magnetic field inside core 4 is in the same direction as the permanent magnet magnetic field, such as... Figure 2 As shown, increasing the current strengthens the magnetic field within the air gap 9, thereby increasing the electromagnetic force. When a smaller electromagnetic force is required, the electromagnetic magnetic field within the iron core 4 is opposite in direction to the permanent magnet magnetic field. Increasing the current weakens the magnetic field within the air gap 9, thereby reducing the electromagnetic force.

[0047] During operation, the permanent magnet flux generated by the permanent magnet 7 creates an attractive force between the levitation magnet 1 and the track, i.e., a levitation force. However, the permanent magnet magnetic field is uncontrollable, and a dynamic balance cannot be achieved between the two. Therefore, the electromagnetic flux is adjusted in real time to ensure dynamic and stable levitation. The power supply for the levitation magnet 1 can achieve bidirectional power supply, i.e., the current can be in both directions. When the air gap 9 is larger than the rated gap, the electromagnetic force needs to be increased. By controlling the current, the electromagnetic flux is enhanced to strengthen the permanent magnet flux. When the air gap 9 is smaller than the rated gap, the electromagnetic force needs to be decreased. By controlling the current, the electromagnetic flux is weakened to weaken the permanent magnet flux.

[0048] It should also be noted that, in this specification, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0049] Those skilled in the art will further recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. To clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, the components and steps of the various examples have been generally described in terms of functionality in the foregoing description. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementations should not be considered beyond the scope of this invention.

[0050] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A levitation magnet, characterized in that, Multiple electromagnetic modules and at least one permanent magnet module; The electromagnetic module is disposed on the upper part of the permanent magnet module. The electromagnetic module includes an iron core and a coil, and the coil is wound on the iron core. The permanent magnet module includes a yoke, a permanent magnet, and an isolation module. The lower part of the isolation module is attached to the upper part of the permanent magnet. The upper part of the yoke is provided with a cavity to accommodate the isolation module, and the lower part of the yoke is provided with a cavity to accommodate the permanent magnet. The electromagnetic circuit generated by the electromagnetic module passes through the isolation module. The electromagnetic module and the permanent magnet module are used to generate electromagnetic force to enable the train to levitate on the track. The upper part of the magnetic yoke is flush with the upper part of the isolation module, and the lower part of the magnetic yoke is flush with the lower part of the permanent magnet. The width of the permanent magnet is greater than the width of the isolation module.

2. The levitation magnet as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The isolation module is made of one of the following materials: plastic, ceramic, aluminum alloy, or titanium alloy.

3. The levitation magnet as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The magnetic poles of the permanent magnet are arranged longitudinally along the track. When the number of permanent magnet modules is greater than one, the N poles of the permanent magnets in two adjacent permanent magnet modules are in opposite directions.

4. The levitation magnet as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The electromagnetic module includes an S-pole electromagnet and an N-pole electromagnet. The two ends of the S-pole electromagnet are respectively attached to the upper part of the yoke near the S-pole side of the permanent magnet, and the two ends of the N-pole electromagnet are respectively attached to the upper part of the yoke near the N-pole side of the permanent magnet.

5. A train, characterized in that, Including the levitation magnet as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. A method for controlling a levitated magnet, characterized in that, The levitation magnet is the levitation magnet as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, and the control method of the levitation magnet includes: Determine the gap between the levitation magnet and the track; When the gap is greater than the rated gap, the magnetic field generated by the levitation magnet is increased. When the gap is smaller than the rated gap, the magnetic field generated by the levitation magnet is reduced.

7. The control method for a levitated magnet as described in claim 6, characterized in that, Determining the gap between the levitation magnet and the track includes: The gap between the levitation magnet and the track is determined based on data collected by a gap sensor mounted on the levitation magnet.

8. The method for controlling a levitated magnet as described in claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, Controlling the increase of the magnetic field generated by the levitating magnet includes: The current output to the electromagnetic module is increased, and the direction of the magnetic field generated by the current is the same as the direction of the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet module in the suspended magnet. Controlling the reduction of the magnetic field generated by the levitating magnet includes: The current output to the electromagnetic module is increased, and the direction of the magnetic field generated by the current is opposite to the direction of the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet module in the suspended magnet. Alternatively, the current output to the electromagnetic module can be reduced, and the direction of the magnetic field generated by the current can be controlled to be the same as the direction of the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet module in the suspended magnet.

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