A battery management device, a battery pack and a power utilization device

Abstract

A battery management device, a battery pack and a power utilization device, comprising: a first connector, a controller, a pre-discharge unit and a handshake circuit, the first connector having a positive output terminal, a negative output terminal and a signal terminal, the controller having a first pin, the pre-discharge unit being connected with the controller and the positive output terminal respectively and being configured to be turned on or turned off in response to a control signal output by the controller, the signal terminal being connected with the handshake circuit, the handshake circuit being further connected with the first pin, the handshake circuit being configured to be turned on or turned off in response to a level of the first pin, the signal terminal being configured to have a first voltage signal in response to the handshake circuit being turned on, the first voltage signal being a low level.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of electronic circuit technology, and in particular to a battery management device, a battery pack, and an electrical appliance. Background Technology

[0002] For some electrical equipment, such as AGVs (Automated Guided Vehicles), the main unit of the electrical equipment needs to handshake with its battery management device before powering on. Only after the main unit of the electrical equipment successfully hands on the battery management device can the main unit be powered on.

[0003] In related technologies, the host of the electrical equipment first powers on, then establishes a communication connection with the battery management device, and completes a handshake based on communication signals. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a battery management device, a battery pack, and an electrical appliance.

[0005] This application provides a battery management device. In some embodiments of this application, the battery management device includes: a first connector, a controller, a preamplifier unit, and a handshake circuit. The first connector has a positive output terminal and a signal terminal. The controller has a first pin. The preamplifier unit is connected to the controller and the positive output terminal, respectively, and is configured to be turned on or off in response to a control signal output by the controller. The signal terminal is connected to the handshake circuit, and the handshake circuit is also connected to the first pin. The handshake circuit is configured to be turned on or off in response to a level of the first pin. The signal terminal is configured to have a first voltage signal in response to the handshake circuit being turned on, and the first voltage signal is a low level.

[0006] This application enables the host device of the power-consuming equipment to establish communication and complete a handshake before the host device is powered on, thereby improving the security of both the battery management device and the host device.

[0007] In some embodiments of this application, the signal terminal is further configured to have a second voltage signal in response to the handshake circuit being disconnected and the preamplifier unit being turned on. The voltage value represented by the second voltage signal is greater than the voltage value represented by the first voltage signal.

[0008] In some embodiments of this application, the first connector is configured to connect to a second connector of the electrical device. The first voltage signal is configured to power on a control unit on the electrical device.

[0009] In some embodiments of this application, the handshake circuit includes: a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, and a first transistor. The first transistor and the first resistor are connected in series between the signal terminal and a first ground. The control terminal of the first transistor, the first end of the second resistor, and the first end of the third resistor are connected to a first node. The second end of the second resistor is connected to the first pin, and the second end of the third resistor is connected to the first transistor and then to the first ground.

[0010] In some embodiments of this application, the handshake circuit further includes a second transistor and a fourth resistor. A first terminal of the first transistor is connected to a first terminal of the first resistor, a second terminal of the first transistor is connected to a first terminal of the fourth resistor, and a second terminal of the first resistor is connected to the signal terminal. A control terminal of the second transistor is electrically connected to a second terminal of the first transistor and a first terminal of the fourth resistor, respectively. A first terminal of the second transistor is electrically connected to a control terminal of the first transistor, a first terminal of the second resistor, and a first terminal of the third resistor, respectively. The second terminal of the second transistor is connected to the second terminal of the fourth resistor and then to the first ground.

[0011] The first transistor, the second transistor, and the fourth resistor can form a constant current circuit, which provides overcurrent protection and prevents damage to the devices.

[0012] In some embodiments of this application, the handshake circuit further includes a fuse disposed between the first resistor and the signal terminal.

[0013] When an abnormally large current occurs in the circuit, the fuse provides overcurrent protection to prevent damage to the device.

[0014] In some embodiments of this application, the battery management device further includes at least one capacitor. One of the capacitors is disposed between the negative output terminal and the signal terminal, or multiple capacitors are connected in series between the negative output terminal and the signal terminal.

[0015] Capacitors provide electrostatic protection for battery management devices, reducing or eliminating static electricity generated around the devices and effectively preventing damage to the devices from static electricity in the circuit or from lightning strikes.

[0016] A second aspect of this application provides a battery pack, including a battery module and the battery management device described in the first aspect. The positive terminal of the battery module is connected to the positive output terminal via a pre-discharge unit, and the negative terminal of the battery module is connected to the negative output terminal.

[0017] A third aspect of this application provides an electrical device including a control unit, a switch, a switch drive circuit, a second connector, and a battery pack as described in the second aspect. The second connector is connected to a first connector, the switch drive circuit is connected to both the second connector and the switch, the switch is disposed between the second connector and the control unit, and the control unit is connected to the second connector. The switch drive circuit and the switch are configured to turn on in response to a first voltage signal on the signal terminal, and the switch is turned on.

[0018] In this application, before the host of the electrical device is powered on, the controller on the battery management device controls the handshake circuit to be turned on, and the voltage signal on the signal terminal on the first connector is transmitted to the second connector on the electrical device. The battery management device establishes communication with the electrical device to drive the switch to be turned on, and the host on the electrical device then performs whether to power on.

[0019] In some embodiments of this application, the switch driving circuit includes: a fifth resistor, a third transistor, a sixth resistor, and a seventh resistor. The first end of the fifth resistor is connected to the positive output terminal via the second connector, and the second end of the fifth resistor is connected to the control terminal of the third transistor. The control terminal of the third transistor is connected to the signal input terminal via the second connector. The first end of the third transistor is connected to a second ground, and the second end of the third transistor is connected to the first end of the sixth resistor. The second end of the sixth resistor is connected to the first end of the seventh resistor and the control terminal of the switch. The second end of the seventh resistor is connected to the first end of the switch, and the first end of the switch is also connected to the second connector. The second end of the switch is connected to the control unit.

[0020] In some embodiments of this application, the switch driving circuit further includes an eighth resistor and / or a Zener diode. The eighth resistor is disposed between the second end of the sixth resistor and the control terminal of the switch; the anode of the Zener diode is connected to the control terminal of the switch, and the cathode of the Zener diode is connected to the first terminal of the switch.

[0021] In the electrical equipment of this application, multiple switches can be set in parallel, and the eighth resistor can balance the drive current of the switch and prevent the switch K from oscillating when it is turned on.

[0022] In some embodiments of this application, the switch driving circuit further includes: a ninth resistor, an eleventh resistor, and at least one capacitor. The ninth resistor is disposed between the second connector and the control terminal of the third transistor, and the eleventh resistor is disposed between the control terminal of the third transistor and the second ground. One capacitor is disposed between the signal input terminal and the second ground, or multiple capacitors are connected in series between the signal input terminal and the second ground.

[0023] In some embodiments of this application, the switch driving circuit further includes a tenth resistor. The tenth resistor is disposed between the first terminal of the third transistor and the second ground.

[0024] Beneficial effects of the embodiments of this application: The battery management device, battery pack and electrical device provided in the embodiments of this application, the controller controls the handshake circuit to be turned on or off. When the handshake circuit is closed, the signal terminal forms a path with the ground. The signal terminal has a first voltage signal. The first voltage signal is transmitted to the electrical device. The electrical device and the battery management device first establish communication and complete the handshake. The electrical device then performs whether to power on based on the voltage signal on the signal terminal. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other embodiments can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0026] Figure 1a This is a schematic diagram of a first structure of a battery management device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 1b A schematic diagram illustrating the interaction between a battery management device and a power-consuming device, as provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a second structure of the battery management device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a third structure of the battery management device provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a fourth structural schematic diagram of the battery management device provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a fifth structural schematic diagram of the battery management device provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a sixth structural schematic diagram of the battery management device provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0033] Figure 7 This is a seventh structural schematic diagram of the battery management device provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0034] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a battery pack provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0035] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a first structure of an electrical device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a second structure of an electrical device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0037] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of a third structure of an electrical device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0038] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of a handshake process between the battery management device and the host of an electrical device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on this application are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0040] In related technologies, the host of a power-consuming device needs to be powered on first before the host and the battery management device can establish a communication connection and handshake. In order to enable the host of the power-consuming device and the battery management device to complete the handshake without the host being powered on in advance, this application provides a battery management device, a battery pack, and a power-consuming device.

[0041] The battery pack may include battery modules and a battery management device. The battery modules can be electrically connected to the battery management device via wiring harnesses or busbars. The battery management device manages the charging and discharging of the battery pack. A battery module can be formed by multiple individual batteries connected in series, parallel, or in a mixed configuration. A mixed configuration of multiple individual batteries can refer to the connection method between individual batteries, including both series and parallel connections. The battery management device includes a first connector with multiple terminals. For example, the first contact includes a positive output terminal, a negative output terminal, and a signal terminal. The battery pack is electrically connected to an external electrical device through the terminals on the first connector to achieve charging and discharging. Specifically, the battery pack can be electrically connected to an external charger through the first connector, and the charger charges the battery pack. The battery pack can also be electrically connected to an electrical device through the first connector, and the battery pack charges or supplies power to the electrical device. As an example, electrical equipment can be energy storage products (home energy storage products, industrial energy storage products, commercial energy storage products, UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply), etc.), flight equipment (drones), electric vehicles (electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric cars, etc., AGVs), power tools, electric cleaning tools (vacuum cleaners, sweepers, etc.), etc.

[0042] In some embodiments of this application, the battery management device can be represented by a printed circuit board (PCB). The first connector can be disposed on the PCB, or the first connector can be disposed at other locations in the battery pack and connected to the PCB. Other electronic components can also be disposed on the PCB, such as resistors, capacitors, switches, microcontrollers, etc.

[0043] When the first connector on the battery pack is connected to the electrical device, the signal terminal of the first connector can be connected to the signal input terminal of the electrical device. After the signal terminal of the first connector is connected to the signal input terminal of the electrical device, the signal can be transmitted through the signal terminal of the first connector and the signal input terminal of the electrical device.

[0044] As an example of this application, the electrical device includes a second connector, a first connector on the battery pack is plugged into the second connector of the electrical device, the battery pack supplies power or charges the electrical device, the battery pack is connected to the positive terminal IN+ of the electrical device through the positive output terminal P+ on the first connector, and the negative output terminal P- on the first connector is connected to the negative terminal IN- of the electrical device.

[0045] In some embodiments of this application, the first connector on the battery management device may be a receiver, and the second connector on the power device may be an inserter.

[0046] Alternatively, the signal input terminal of the electrical equipment can be connected via the signal terminal on the first connector.

[0047] Before powering on, the capacitance of the electrical equipment is at zero. At the moment the circuit closes, it's equivalent to a direct short circuit, resulting in a very large current. This large current will impact the battery pack and the electrical equipment. To reduce the inrush current when the equipment is powered on and protect it, the equipment can establish a communication connection with the battery pack before powering on, improving the safety of both. In some embodiments of this application, the battery pack can be equipped with a pre-charging circuit. The charging states of the battery pack for the equipment include a pre-charging state and a main charging state. The battery management device of the battery pack includes a pre-discharge unit and a main charging circuit. When the pre-discharge unit is on and the main charging circuit is off, it is in the pre-charging state; when the pre-discharge unit is off and the main charging circuit is on, it is in the main charging state. The controller is used to control the on / off state of the main charging circuit and the pre-discharge unit.

[0048] In some embodiments of this application, such as Figure 1a As shown, Figure 1a This is a first structural schematic diagram of a battery management device provided in an embodiment of this application. The battery management device includes a first connector, a controller, a pre-discharge unit, and a handshake circuit. The controller is connected to the pre-discharge unit and can control the pre-discharge unit to be turned on or off. In some examples, the pre-discharge unit includes a switch, and the controller can output a control signal to control the closing or opening of the switch. In still other examples, the pre-discharge unit also includes a pre-discharge resistor.

[0049] When the battery pack needs to charge a device, the controller first controls the pre-discharge unit to close, pre-charging the device. Specifically, the controller can output a pre-discharge switch closing control signal to control the pre-discharge unit to close, allowing the battery pack to pre-charge the device. Simultaneously, the controller detects whether pre-charging is complete by checking if the voltage between the positive and negative output terminals of the first connector reaches the voltage value output by the battery module. The pre-discharge unit includes a pre-discharge switch and a pre-discharge resistor. The pre-discharge switch is connected to the positive output terminal through the pre-discharge resistor. When the pre-discharge switch is closed, the battery module forms a path with the positive output terminal through the pre-discharge switch and the pre-discharge resistor. The controller can detect the voltage at the positive output terminal to determine if pre-charging is complete. In one example, the controller can detect the forward voltage drop of the pre-discharge resistor and determine the voltage between the positive and negative output terminals of the first connector based on this forward voltage drop. When the voltage between the positive and negative output terminals of the first connector reaches the output voltage of the battery module, pre-charging is considered complete. The controller then outputs a pre-discharge switch disconnect control signal to disconnect the pre-discharge unit, and outputs a main charging switch closing signal to charge the device. In one example, a sampling circuit is installed on the battery management device to detect the voltage at the positive output terminal. The method for sampling the voltage at the positive output terminal can be found in related technologies and will not be elaborated here.

[0050] The controller is also connected to a handshake circuit; specifically, the controller's first pin can be connected to the handshake circuit. The controller controls the level of the first pin to control the handshake circuit's on / off state. The handshake circuit is also connected to the signal terminal of the first connector. When the handshake circuit is on, the controller forms a path with the signal terminal through the handshake circuit, and a connection is formed between the signal terminal and ground. The signal terminal is connected to the signal input terminal of the electrical equipment. After the controller forms a path with the signal terminal through the handshake circuit, a first voltage signal is present on the signal terminal.

[0051] In some embodiments of this application, after the controller detects that the pre-charging of the electrical equipment is complete, it controls the pre-charging unit to disconnect and controls the main charging circuit to close. The controller generates a first control signal to the first pin, and the handshake circuit is turned on in response to the first control signal of the first pin. The controller forms a path with the signal terminal through the handshake circuit so that the signal terminal has a first voltage signal.

[0052] In some embodiments of this application, such as Figure 1b As shown, Figure 1bThis is a schematic diagram illustrating the interaction between a battery management device and a power-consuming device, as provided in an embodiment of this application. The battery pack includes a battery management device and a battery module. The battery management device includes a main charging switch, a pre-discharge switch, and a pre-discharge resistor. When the battery pack needs to charge the power-consuming device, the controller first controls the pre-discharge unit to close, pre-charging the device. Specifically, the controller outputs a pre-discharge switch closing control signal to control the pre-discharge unit to close. The battery module forms a path with the positive output terminal via the pre-discharge switch and pre-discharge resistor, allowing the battery pack to pre-charge the device. The controller can detect the forward voltage drop of the pre-discharge resistor and determine the voltage between the positive and negative output terminals of the first connector based on this voltage drop. Pre-charging is considered complete when the voltage between the positive and negative output terminals of the first connector reaches the voltage value output by the battery module. Then the controller outputs a pre-amplifier switch disconnect control signal to control the pre-amplifier unit to disconnect. The controller outputs a main charging switch close signal. When the main charging switch is closed, the battery module forms a path with the positive output terminal through the main charging switch. In addition, the controller generates a first control signal to the first pin. The handshake circuit is turned on in response to the first control signal on the first pin. The controller forms a path with the signal terminal through the handshake circuit. The signal terminal has a first voltage signal. The signal input terminal of the electrical device also has a first voltage signal.

[0053] In some embodiments of this application, the handshake circuit includes a switching unit, and the controller controls the switching unit to be turned on or off. For example, the switching unit in the handshake circuit is turned on, the controller forms a path with the signal terminal, the signal terminal is connected to the first ground through a pull-down resistor, and the voltage signal on the signal terminal is pulled down to a low level to generate a first voltage signal.

[0054] In some embodiments of this application, the signal terminal is connected to a first ground via a pull-down resistor, and the voltage represented by the first voltage signal on the signal terminal can be approximately 0.3V.

[0055] In some other embodiments of this application, the signal terminal is connected to a first ground via a pull-down resistor, and the voltage represented by the first voltage signal on the signal terminal can be between 0V and 0.8V.

[0056] In the embodiments of this application, the controller controls the handshake circuit to be turned on or off. When the handshake circuit is on, the controller forms a path with the signal terminal through the handshake circuit. The signal terminal is pulled down to ground by a pull-down resistor, so that the signal terminal has a first voltage signal. Before the host of the power-consuming device is powered on, this solution first establishes a communication connection between the power-consuming device and the battery management device. When a low voltage signal is present on the signal terminal of the first connector, the power-consuming device then successfully hands over with the battery management device, and then the power-consuming device is powered on, thereby improving the safety of both the power-consuming device and the battery management device.

[0057] When charging the device, the controller activates the handshake circuit. In the battery module's sleep state, the voltage signal on the signal terminal is in a high-impedance state, which can prevent accidental contact with high voltage from damaging the device and further improve the safety of the battery management device and the main unit.

[0058] In some embodiments of this application, in the pre-charge state, i.e., when the controller controls the pre-discharge unit to close, the controller generates a second control signal to the first pin. The handshake circuit disconnects in response to the first control signal on the first pin. The controller cannot form a path with the signal terminal through the handshake circuit, and the signal terminal is disconnected from ground. The signal terminal has a second voltage signal, and the signal input terminal of the device connected to the signal terminal of the battery management device also has a second voltage signal. As some examples of this application, the voltage value represented by the second voltage signal can be the output voltage of the battery module. The switch drive circuit on the device receives the second voltage signal and is in an open state, and the main unit of the device is not powered on.

[0059] In some embodiments of this application, the first voltage signal and the second voltage signal are in opposite states; for example, the first voltage signal is at a low level and the second voltage signal is at a high level.

[0060] In one example, the voltage value represented by the second voltage signal is greater than the voltage value represented by the first voltage signal.

[0061] In some embodiments of this application, the electrical device includes a second connector, and the first connector can be connected to the second connector of the electrical device. When the handshake circuit is turned on, the signal terminal has a first voltage signal, and the control unit on the electrical device can be powered on based on the first voltage signal. After the control unit is powered on, it starts to run and enters the working state.

[0062] In some embodiments of this application, such as Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of a second structure of the battery management device provided in an embodiment of this application. The handshake circuit includes a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, and a first transistor. The control terminal of the first transistor is connected to the first terminal of the second resistor R2 and the first terminal of the third resistor R3 at a first node N1. The first terminal of the first transistor is connected to the first terminal of the first resistor R1. The second terminal of the first transistor is connected to the first ground GND1. The second terminal of the third resistor R3 is also connected to the first ground GND1. The second terminal of the first resistor R1 is connected to a signal terminal, and the second terminal of the second resistor R2 is connected to a first pin. The conduction or deactivation of the first transistor indicates the conduction or deactivation of the handshake circuit. When the first transistor is on, the handshake circuit is on; when the first transistor is off, the handshake circuit is off. The first transistor can be a transistor or a field effect transistor (FET). Specifically, the first transistor can be a P-type transistor or a P-type FET, or an N-type transistor or an N-type FET. The specific configuration can be determined based on actual conditions.

[0063] In one example, when the first transistor is an N-type transistor, its control terminal is connected to the first pin of the controller via a second resistor R2. When pre-charging is complete, the controller can output a high-level signal to the first pin, which further drives the first transistor to conduct. When the battery pack is pre-charging the device or the battery module is in sleep mode, the controller outputs a low-level signal to the first pin, and the first transistor can be in an off state based on this low-level signal.

[0064] In one example, when the first transistor is a P-type transistor, its control terminal is connected to the first pin of the controller via a second resistor R2. When pre-charging is complete, the controller can output a low-level signal to the first pin, which further drives the first transistor to conduct. When the battery pack is pre-charging the device or the battery module is in sleep mode, the controller outputs a high-level signal to the first pin, and the first transistor can be in an off state based on this high-level signal.

[0065] like Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a third structure of the battery management device provided in an embodiment of this application. The handshake circuit further includes a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, a first transistor Q1, and a first ground GND1. The first transistor Q1 is an N-type transistor.

[0066] based on Figure 3 The illustrated embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of a fourth structure of the battery management device provided in an embodiment of this application. The handshake circuit further includes: a second transistor Q2, a fourth resistor R4, and the second transistor Q2 is an N-type transistor. The connection relationships between the various components are as follows: Figure 4 As shown. The first terminal of the second transistor Q2 is the collector, the second terminal of the second transistor Q2 is the emitter, and the control terminal of the second transistor Q2 is the base.

[0067] When the signal level at the first pin is low, both transistors Q1 and Q2 are off. When the signal level at the first pin is high, Q1 is on. If the signal terminal is short-circuited to high voltage, the voltage drop across the fourth resistor R4 exceeds the turn-on threshold voltage of the second transistor Q2, causing Q2 to turn on. Both transistors Q1 and Q2 operate in amplification mode, limiting the current flowing through the fourth resistor R4 to a preset threshold, thus providing overcurrent protection. In other words, transistors Q1, Q2, and R4 can form a constant current circuit for overcurrent protection. For example, the fourth resistor R4 can be a 0.75W surface-mount resistor. When the current through R4 exceeds 11.5mA, the voltage drop across R4 exceeds 0.7V, causing Q2 to turn on. Both transistors Q1 and Q2 operate in amplification mode, limiting the current through R4 to 11.5mA, thus providing overcurrent protection and preventing device damage.

[0068] based on Figure 3 In the illustrated embodiment, the handshake circuit also includes a fuse disposed between the first resistor R1 and the signal terminal. In one example, the fuse is a resettable fuse, whose impedance increases when an abnormally large current occurs in the circuit. According to Ohm's law, the loop current is limited, thereby providing overcurrent protection and preventing damage to the device.

[0069] based on Figure 4 The illustrated embodiments, such as Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5 This is a fifth structural schematic diagram of the battery management device provided in this application embodiment. The handshake circuit further includes a fuse RT1, which is disposed between the first resistor R1 and the signal terminal. In one example, the fuse RT1 is a self-resetting fuse. When an abnormally large current occurs in the circuit, or when an abnormally large current occurs in the circuit after the constant current circuit fails, its impedance will increase. According to Ohm's law, the loop current will be limited, thereby achieving an overcurrent protection effect and preventing damage to the device.

[0070] Static electricity generated around the battery management device or a lightning strike can damage the device. In some embodiments of this application, the battery management device further includes an electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection sub-circuit, which is electrically connected to the first terminal. The ESD protection sub-circuit can be implemented using ESD devices, transient suppression diodes, and capacitors. The ESD protection sub-circuit can be used to protect the battery management device from static electricity, eliminating static electricity generated around the device and effectively preventing damage to the battery management device from static electricity in the circuit or from lightning strikes.

[0071] In some embodiments of this application, the battery management device includes at least one capacitor; one capacitor is disposed between the negative output terminal and the signal terminal, or multiple capacitors are connected in series between the negative output terminal and the signal terminal.

[0072] In one example, see Figure 6 , Figure 6 This is a sixth structural schematic diagram of the battery management device provided in the embodiments of this application. The battery management device includes a capacitor C1, which is disposed between the negative output terminal and the signal terminal. The capacitor C1 can be used for electrostatic protection of the battery management device, eliminating static electricity generated around the battery management device, and effectively preventing static electricity on the circuit or damage to the battery management device in the event of a lightning strike.

[0073] Or, in one example, see Figure 7 , Figure 7 This is a seventh structural schematic diagram of the battery management device provided in the embodiments of this application. The battery management device includes two capacitors (C1 and C2). C1 and C2 are connected in series between the negative output terminal and the signal terminal. C1 and C2 can be used for electrostatic protection of the battery management device, eliminating static electricity generated around the battery management device, and effectively preventing static electricity on the circuit or damage to the battery management device in the event of a lightning strike.

[0074] This application also provides a battery pack, including a battery module and the battery management device described in any of the above embodiments.

[0075] In one example, such as Figure 8 As shown, Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a battery pack provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0076] This application also provides an electrical device as an example, such as... Figure 9 As shown, Figure 9This is a schematic diagram of a first structure of an electrical device provided in an embodiment of this application. The electrical device includes a battery pack and a main unit. The main unit includes a control unit, a switch, a switch drive circuit, and a second connector. A first connector on the battery pack can be plugged into a second connector on the main unit, and the battery pack supplies power or charges the main unit. The second connector includes a positive input terminal IN+, a negative input terminal IN-, and a signal input terminal. The battery pack is connected to the positive input terminal IN+ of the main unit through the positive output terminal P+ on the first connector, the negative output terminal P- of the first connector is connected to the negative input terminal IN- of the main unit, and the signal terminal on the first connector is connected to the signal input terminal of the main unit.

[0077] The control unit has a second pin and a third pin. The first terminal of the switch is connected to the positive input terminal IN+, the second terminal of the switch is connected to the second pin, the control terminal of the switch is connected to the switch drive circuit, and the switch drive circuit is also connected to the signal input terminal. The third pin is connected to the negative input terminal IN-.

[0078] In some embodiments of this application, the switch can be a power switch, such as a transistor, FET, etc. In one example, the switch is a P-type FET. The switch driving circuit is also connected to a signal terminal via a signal input terminal and can control the closing and opening of the switch based on the level signal of the signal terminal.

[0079] In one example, when the battery pack is pre-charging the host, the controller of the battery management device disconnects the handshake circuit, preventing a connection between the controller's first pin and the signal terminal. The switch drive circuit then opens the switch, preventing the control unit on the host from establishing a connection with the battery module, and thus the control unit does not power on. After pre-charging is complete, the controller closes the handshake circuit, establishing a connection between the controller's first pin and the signal terminal. The switch drive circuit then closes the switch, allowing the control unit on the host to establish a connection with the battery module via the switch, and thus the control unit powers on.

[0080] In some embodiments of this application, the switch driving circuit includes: a fifth resistor, a third transistor, a sixth resistor, and a seventh resistor. The first end of the fifth resistor is connected to the positive input terminal, and the second end of the fifth resistor is connected to the signal input terminal and the control terminal of the third transistor. The first end of the third transistor is connected to a second ground, and the second end of the third transistor is connected to the first end of the sixth resistor. The second end of the sixth resistor is connected to the first end of the seventh resistor and the control terminal of the switch. The second end of the seventh resistor is connected to the first end of the switch, and the second end of the switch is connected to a second pin.

[0081] When the battery pack precharges the main unit, the fifth resistor can act as a pull-up resistor. The first end of the fifth resistor is connected to the positive input terminal, and the second end of the fifth resistor is connected to the signal terminal of the first connector through the signal input terminal of the second connector. The fifth resistor can connect the level signal of the signal terminal to the positive terminal of the battery module in the battery pack, and the voltage of the signal terminal can be the voltage output by the battery module.

[0082] The third transistor is a P-type transistor, which can be either a P-type bipolar junction transistor (BJT) or a P-type field-effect transistor (FET). When a high-level signal is input to the control terminal of the third transistor, the third transistor is turned off. In one example, such as... Figure 10 As shown, Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a second structure of the electrical device provided in an embodiment of this application. The switch driving circuit includes: a fifth resistor R5, a third transistor Q3, a sixth resistor R6, a seventh resistor R7, K is a switch, GND2 is a second ground, and C4 is the charging capacitor of the electrical device. The third transistor is a P-type transistor, and the switch is a P-type FET. The emitter of the third transistor Q3 is connected to the positive terminal of the battery module through the sixth resistor R6 and the seventh resistor R7.

[0083] When the battery pack precharges the main unit, the controller closes the pre-discharge switch, allowing the battery pack to charge the charging capacitor C4. The fifth resistor R5 acts as a pull-up resistor; its first terminal is connected to the positive input terminal, and its second terminal is connected to the signal input terminal. R5 connects the signal level of the battery management device to the positive terminal of the battery module in the battery pack, and the voltage at the signal terminal can be the output voltage of the battery module. If the voltage difference between the emitter and base of the third transistor Q3 is insufficient to turn it on, the third transistor is off, switch K cannot be turned on, and the main unit control unit cannot be powered on.

[0084] After pre-charging is complete, the controller controls the pre-discharge switch to open. The controller outputs a high level through the first pin to control the handshake circuit to conduct, forming a path between the signal terminal and the first ground. The voltage of the signal terminal is connected to the first ground GND1 through the first resistor R1. The level signal of the signal terminal is the first voltage signal, i.e., low level. Correspondingly, the control terminal of the third transistor Q3 receives a low level signal, and the third transistor Q3 conducts. The voltage of the battery module is divided across the sixth resistor R6 and the seventh resistor R7, making VGS of switch K > Vgsth. Vgsth is the opening threshold voltage of the switch. Therefore, switch K conducts, and the host control unit is powered on.

[0085] In some embodiments of this application, the switch driving circuit further includes an eighth resistor. The eighth resistor is disposed between the second terminal of the sixth resistor and the control terminal of the switch. In some embodiments of this application, the host may include multiple switches K connected in parallel. When multiple switches K are connected in parallel, the switching may result in inconsistent switching. The eighth resistor can balance the driving current of the switches K and prevent the switches K from oscillating during operation.

[0086] In some embodiments of this application, the switch driving circuit further includes a Zener diode, with its anode connected to the control terminal of the switch and its cathode connected to the first terminal of the switch. In one example, the switch K is a P-type FET, and the Zener diode is used to prevent excessive voltage between the gate and source of the FET, thus avoiding damage to the switch.

[0087] In some embodiments of this application, the switch driving circuit further includes: a ninth resistor, an eleventh resistor, and at least one capacitor. The ninth resistor is disposed between the signal input terminal of the second connector and the control terminal of the third transistor, the eleventh resistor is disposed between the control terminal of the third transistor and the second ground, and the capacitor is disposed between the signal input terminal and the second ground; alternatively, multiple capacitors may be connected in series between the signal input terminal and the second ground.

[0088] The ninth resistor limits current and protects the third transistor. The eleventh resistor acts as a pull-down resistor for the third transistor, connecting to its control electrode to prevent it from being mis-energized. The capacitor provides electrostatic discharge protection to prevent the third transistor from being mis-energized.

[0089] In some embodiments of this application, the switch driving circuit further includes a tenth resistor. The tenth resistor is disposed between the first terminal of the third transistor and the second ground. The tenth resistor can serve as a current limiter.

[0090] Based on the above embodiments, in some embodiments of this application, such as Figure 11 As shown, Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of a third structure of the electrical device provided in an embodiment of this application. The electrical device includes a battery pack and a main unit. The battery pack includes a battery module and a battery device management device. The battery device management device includes a first connector, a controller, a pre-amplification unit, and a handshake circuit. The first connector includes a positive output terminal P+, a negative output terminal P-, and a signal terminal. The pre-amplification unit includes a main charging switch, a pre-amplification switch, and a pre-amplification resistor. The handshake circuit includes a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, a first transistor Q1, a second transistor Q2, a fourth resistor R4, capacitors (C1, C2), and a first ground GND1.

[0091] The main unit includes a control unit, switch K, a switch drive circuit, a second connector, and a charging capacitor C4. The second connector includes a positive input terminal IN+, a negative input terminal IN-, and a signal input terminal. The switch drive circuit includes a fifth resistor R5, a third transistor Q3, a sixth resistor R6, a seventh resistor R7, an eighth resistor R8, a ninth resistor R9, a tenth resistor R10, an eleventh resistor R11, a Zener diode ZD1, and a third capacitor C3.

[0092] like Figure 12 As shown, Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of a handshake process between the battery management device and the host of an electrical device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0093] When the battery module is inserted into the battery pack, the controller closes the pre-discharge switch and disconnects the handshake circuit. The battery pack charges the pre-charge capacitor C4 in the main unit. The fifth resistor R5 acts as a pull-up resistor. Because the first end of the fifth resistor R5 is connected to the positive input terminal and the second end is connected to the signal input terminal, the fifth resistor R5 can pull up the voltage signal (PG signal) of the signal terminal of the battery management device to the positive terminal of the battery module in the battery pack internally. The voltage of the signal terminal is equal to the output voltage of the battery module. The voltage difference between the emitter and base of the third transistor Q3 is insufficient to turn on the third transistor, so the third transistor is cut off, thus preventing the switch from conducting and the main control unit from powering on.

[0094] Once the controller detects that pre-charging is complete, it controls the pre-discharge switch to open, the main charging switch to close, and controls the handshake circuit to conduct, forming a path between the signal input terminal and the controller. The voltage signal (PG signal) of the signal terminal is then connected to the first ground GND1 through the first resistor R1. The voltage signal (PG signal) of the signal terminal is a low-level signal, and the control terminal of the third transistor Q3 receives a low-level signal. The third transistor Q3 conducts, and the voltage of the battery module is divided across the sixth resistor R6 and the seventh resistor R7, making VGS of switch K > Vgsth. Therefore, the switch conducts, and the host control unit is powered on.

[0095] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0096] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a related manner. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments.

[0097] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application are included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A battery management device, characterized in that, include: The first connector, controller, preamplifier unit, and handshake circuit; The first connector has a positive output terminal, a negative output terminal, and a signal terminal; The controller has a first pin; The pre-amplifier unit is connected to the controller and the positive output terminal respectively, and is configured to be turned on or off in response to the control signal output by the controller; The signal terminal is connected to the handshake circuit, and the handshake circuit is also connected to the first pin. The handshake circuit is configured to be turned on or off in response to the level of the first pin. The signal terminal is configured to respond to the handshake circuit being turned on, and the signal terminal has a first voltage signal, which is a low level.

2. The battery management device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The signal terminal is also configured to have a second voltage signal in response to the handshake circuit being disconnected and the preamplifier unit being turned on. The voltage value represented by the second voltage signal is greater than the voltage value represented by the first voltage signal.

3. The battery management device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The first connector is configured to connect to the second connector of the electrical device; The first voltage signal is configured to power on the control unit on the electrical equipment.

4. The battery management device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The handshake circuit includes: a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, and a first transistor; The first transistor and the first resistor are connected in series between the signal terminal and the first ground; The control terminal of the first transistor, the first terminal of the second resistor, and the first terminal of the third resistor are connected to the first node. The second terminal of the second resistor is connected to the first pin, and the second terminal of the third resistor is connected to the first transistor and then to the first ground.

5. The battery management device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The handshake circuit also includes: a second transistor and a fourth resistor; Wherein, the first terminal of the first transistor is connected to the first terminal of the first resistor, the second terminal of the first transistor is connected to the first terminal of the fourth resistor, and the second terminal of the first resistor is connected to the signal terminal; The control terminal of the second transistor is electrically connected to the second terminal of the first transistor and the first terminal of the fourth resistor, respectively. The first terminal of the second transistor is electrically connected to the control terminal of the first transistor, the first terminal of the second resistor, and the first terminal of the third resistor, respectively. The second terminal of the second transistor is connected to the second terminal of the fourth resistor and then connected to the first ground.

6. The battery management device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that, The handshake circuit also includes a fuse; The fuse is disposed between the first resistor and the signal terminal.

7. The battery management device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery management device also includes at least one capacitor; One of the capacitors is disposed between the negative output terminal and the signal terminal; Alternatively, multiple capacitors may be connected in series between the negative output terminal and the signal terminal.

8. A battery pack, characterized in that, Includes a battery module and a battery management device as described in any one of claims 1 to 7; The positive terminal of the battery module is connected to the positive output terminal via a pre-amplification unit, and the negative terminal of the battery module is connected to the negative output terminal.

9. An electrical appliance, characterized in that, Includes a control unit, a switch, a switch drive circuit, a second connector, and a battery pack as described in claim 8; The second connector is connected to the first connector, the switch driving circuit is connected to the second connector and the switch respectively, the switch is located between the second connector and the control unit, and the control unit is connected to the second connector; The switch driving circuit and the switch are configured to be turned on in response to a first voltage signal on the signal terminal.

10. The electrical equipment according to claim 9, characterized in that, The switch driving circuit includes: a fifth resistor, a third transistor, a sixth resistor, and a seventh resistor; The first end of the fifth resistor is connected to the positive input terminal of the second connector, and the second end of the fifth resistor is connected to the control terminal of the third transistor and the signal input terminal of the second connector. The first terminal of the third transistor is connected to the second ground, the second terminal of the third transistor is connected to the first terminal of the sixth resistor, and the second terminal of the sixth resistor is connected to the first terminal of the seventh resistor and the control terminal of the switch, respectively. The second end of the seventh resistor is connected to the first end of the switch, the first end of the switch is also connected to the second connector, and the second end of the switch is connected to the control unit.

11. The electrical equipment according to claim 10, characterized in that, The switch driving circuit further includes: an eighth resistor, which is disposed between the second end of the sixth resistor and the control terminal of the switch; And / or, The switch driving circuit also includes a Zener diode, the anode of which is connected to the control terminal of the switch, and the cathode of which is connected to the first terminal of the switch.

12. The electrical equipment according to claim 10, characterized in that, The switch driving circuit further includes: a ninth resistor, an eleventh resistor, and at least one capacitor; The ninth resistor is disposed between the second connector and the control terminal of the third transistor, and the eleventh resistor is disposed between the control terminal of the third transistor and the second ground; The at least one capacitor is disposed between the signal input terminal and the second ground.

13. The electrical equipment according to claim 10, characterized in that, The switch driving circuit further includes a tenth resistor, which is disposed between the first terminal of the third transistor and the second ground.

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