ICI filter estimation for phase noise mitigation

Abstract

According to some embodiments, a method performed by a wireless device includes: receiving a wireless signal R on all subcarriers allocated to the wireless device. k Signal R k The method includes a phase tracking reference signal (PT-RS) on a subset of subcarriers allocated to the wireless device, and the subset includes at least one non-contiguous subcarrier. The method also includes using the received signal R... k The convolution matrix C R An inter-carrier interference (ICI) filter is calculated based on PT-RS and channel estimation, and then applied to the received signal R. k This is used to generate the ICI-filtered signal.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of Chinese patent application No. 202180068538.4, entitled “ICI Filter Estimation for Phase Noise Suppression” (filed on August 7, 2021).

[0002] Related applications

[0003] This application claims priority and interest in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 063,105, filed August 7, 2020, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0004] Specific embodiments relate to wireless communication, and more specifically, to inter-carrier interference (ICI) filter estimation for phase noise suppression. Background Technology

[0005] Generally, all terms used herein will be interpreted according to their common meaning in the relevant art, unless a different meaning is explicitly given and / or implied in the context of their use. Unless otherwise expressly stated, all references to elements, devices, components, methods, steps, etc., will be openly interpreted as referring to at least one instance of an element, device, component, method, step, etc. The steps of any method disclosed herein are not necessarily to be performed in the exact order disclosed, unless a step is explicitly described as occurring after or before another step and / or it is implied that a step must occur after or before another step. Any feature of any embodiment disclosed herein may be applied to any other embodiment, where appropriate. Similarly, any advantage of any embodiment may be applied to any other embodiment, and vice versa. Other objects, features, and advantages of the disclosed embodiments will be apparent from the following description.

[0006] Mobile broadband will continue to drive the demand for large overall service capacity and enormous achievable end-user data rates in wireless access networks. Several scenarios may require data rates of up to 10Gbps in local areas. These demands for very high system capacity and very high end-user data rates can be met by networks with distances between access nodes ranging from a few meters in indoor deployments to approximately 50 meters in outdoor deployments, representing infrastructure density far exceeding that of today's densest networks.

[0007] The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Rel-15 defines the fifth-generation (5G) system, known as New Radio (NR). The NR standard in 3GPP is designed to provide services for multiple use cases, such as Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communication (URLLC), and Machine-Type Communication (MTC). Each of these services has different technical requirements. For example, the general requirements for eMBB are high data rates with medium latency and medium coverage, while URLLC services require low latency and high reliability transmission, but may have medium data rates.

[0008] In addition to the traditional licensed dedicated frequency bands, NR systems are being extended to operate in unlicensed frequency bands. The NR system specification currently addresses two frequency ranges (FR1 and FR2), which... Figure 1 Overview. To support the growing mobile business, NR systems are expected to be further expanded in the near future to support spectrum above 5.26 GHz.

[0009] The downlink transmission waveform in NR is conventional Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) using a cyclic prefix. The uplink transmission waveform is conventional OFDM using a cyclic prefix, with transform precoding capabilities that can be disabled or enabled to perform Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) extensions. Figure 2 A basic transmitter block diagram for NR is shown.

[0010] Figure 2 This is a block diagram illustrating an NR transmitter block diagram for CP-OFDM with optional DFT extension. The transmitter block includes a transform precoding block, a subcarrier mapping block, an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) block, and a cyclic prefix (CP) insertion block.

[0011] NR supports multiple parameter sets (numerology). A parameter set is defined by the subcarrier spacing and cyclic prefix overhead. Multiple subcarrier spacings (SCS) can be achieved by scaling the basic subcarrier spacing by an integer 2. μ The parameter set used can be selected independently of the frequency band, although it is assumed that very small subcarrier spacing is not used at very high carrier frequencies. Flexible network and user equipment (UE) channel bandwidth is supported. Figure 3 The document outlines the set of transport parameters supported in NR.

[0012] In Rel-15, the maximum channel bandwidth per NR carrier is 400 MHz. At least for a single parameter set, the candidate maximum number of subcarriers per NR carrier in Rel-15 is 3300.

[0013] Downlink and uplink transmissions are organized into frames with a duration of 10 ms, comprising ten 1 ms subframes. Each frame is divided into two equal-sized half-frames, each half-frame containing five subframes. The slot durations are 14 symbols (with normal CP) and 12 symbols (with extended CP), and are scaled in time according to the subcarrier spacing used, ensuring that an integer number of slots always exist within a subframe. More specifically, each subframe contains 2 slots. μ .

[0014] Therefore, the basic NR downlink physical resources within a time slot can be viewed as a time-frequency grid, such as... Figure 4 The parameter set shown is for a 15kHz subcarrier spacing, where each resource element corresponds to one OFDM subcarrier during one OFDM symbol interval. A resource block is defined as 12 consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. Uplink subframes have the same subcarrier spacing as the downlink and the same number of SC-FDMA symbols in the time domain as the OFDM symbols in the downlink.

[0015] To extend NR operation above 52.6 GHz, several challenges need to be addressed, such as designing low-complexity algorithms for phase noise (PN) compensation, designing phase tracking reference signals (PT-RS) for low-complexity phase noise compensation algorithms, and the coexistence of PT-RS with existing NR reference signals such as TRS (referred to as "CSI-RS for Tracking" in the 3GPP specification), CSI-RS, and SRS.

[0016] Oscillators are crucial components in both transmitters and receivers of wireless systems. Their primary function is to up-convert baseband signals to radio frequency (RF) signals at the transmitter and down-convert RF signals back to baseband signals at the receiver. Ideally, an oscillator generates a perfect sinusoidal signal with a frequency f0. In reality, the signal generated by an oscillator is not perfect and exhibits low-level random fluctuations in phase, commonly referred to as phase noise. The effects of an oscillator with a center frequency f0 and phase noise can be modeled as follows:

[0017] V(t) = exp(j(2Πtf0 + φ(t)))

[0018] Here, φ(t) is a random process that modifies the phase of an ideal sinusoidal signal, known as phase noise. The level of the generated phase noise depends on the carrier frequency. That is, the higher the carrier frequency, the higher the level of phase noise. For every doubling of the carrier frequency, the level of phase noise increases by approximately 6 dB. In OFDM signals, the effects of phase noise are observed as common phase error (CPE) (which introduces multiplicative phase distortion common to all subcarriers) and inter-carrier interference (ICI) (which is caused by the loss of orthogonality between subcarriers). The impact of phase noise on system performance can be sufficiently mitigated by applying CPE correction algorithms in FR1 and FR2; however, to extend NR operation above 52.6 GHz, ICI begins to dominate, and therefore, appropriate ICI suppression algorithms will be required.

[0019] Let the transmitted symbols and channel response for subcarrier k be S, respectively. k and H k Time-varying phase noise in the received signal R k This causes inter-carrier interference[1]:

[0020]

[0021] Real ICI filter {J i The taps of the receiver are unknown and must be estimated.

[0022] The existing NR Rel-16 phase tracking reference signal is a UE-specific reference signal designed for phase rotation estimation and compensation. The PT-RS is designed to have various time and frequency densities and is mapped across the bandwidth portion (BWP) allocated to the UE. Since the CPE from phase noise is common across all subcarriers in OFDM symbols and varies temporally from symbol to symbol, typically, as... Figure 7 As shown, PT-RS has a low density in frequency but a high density in time.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a time and frequency plot showing the distribution of NR PT-RS in the frequency domain. The horizontal axis represents time, and the vertical axis represents frequency.

[0024] Figure 6 Examples of various PT-RS modes, along with different Type 1 demodulation reference signal (DM-RS) modes, are shown.

[0025] The most time-dense PT-RS pattern is the one where all OFDM symbols are mapped to PT-RS, while the sparsest PT-RS mapping occurs when PT-RS is mapped over every four OFDM symbols. Similarly, the densest PT-RS frequency mapping occurs over every two PRBs, while the sparsest occurs over every four PRBs. The faster the phase noise changes across OFDM symbols, the denser the PT-RS time mapping needs to be. At very high frequencies, for example, in the 52.6–71 GHz band, phase noise is expected to change significantly from one OFDM symbol to the next. In practice, the temporal continuity of phase noise effects across OFDM symbols cannot be guaranteed, thus ruling out interpolation between OFDM symbols using time-sparse PT-RS patterns. In this case, a high time density, e.g., per OFDM symbol, is required.

[0026] PT-RS is configurable, depending on the quality of the oscillator used for transmission, the carrier frequency, the OFDM subcarrier spacing, and the modulation and coding scheme.

[0027] Several challenges exist. For example, as described earlier, for NR operation above 52.6 GHz, ICI caused by phase noise begins to dominate, thus requiring the application of appropriate ICI suppression algorithms. To suppress ICI, estimation must first be performed, typically on known PT-RS symbols. Traditional methods for estimating ICI require blocks of consecutive PT-RS symbols. The size of the PT-RS block must also be larger than a minimum size, approximately twice the number of ICI taps, as described below. This imposes significant constraints on the arrangement of PT-RS and limits its compatibility with other reference signals.

[0028] Let the transmitted symbols and channel response for subcarrier k be S, respectively. k and H k Time-varying phase noise in the received signal R k This can cause inter-carrier interference.

[0029]

[0030] Among them, W k This represents the combination of noise and interference at subcarrier k. To estimate the ICI filter {b} i Two approaches have been studied in the literature. One approach relies on decision feedback from the data subcarriers to assist in ICI filter estimation. The other approach assumes the availability of symbols in consecutive subcarriers is known. The first approach requires high computational complexity and is unlikely to be suitable for high data rate use cases for NR operation in the 52.6 to 71 GHz range. The second approach is described below.

[0031] Let {k0,k0+1,…,k0+M-1} denote the subcarrier indices of a block of M consecutive known symbols. The objective is to estimate a (2u+1)-tap filter such that…

[0032]

[0033] Since S is in the case of k < k0 or k > k0 + M-1 k The value of u is unknown, therefore there are only M-2u equations above. In contrast, the direct de-ICI filtering method described above uses M equations for N known reference symbol clocks, regardless of the value of u. That is, given the same number of reference symbols, the direct de-ICI filtering method has higher reference symbol efficiency than the ICI filtering approximation method in this section.

[0034] A finite-tap approximation of the ICI filter can be obtained by minimizing the following sum of squared residuals:

[0035]

[0036] This is a least squares problem, and its solution is:

[0037]

[0038] matrix The dimension is also (2u+1)×(2u+1). To avoid the least squares problem becoming uncertain, M-2u≥2u+1 is required. That is, to estimate the (2u+1)-tap approximation of the ICI filter, the block size of consecutive known symbols should satisfy M≥4u+1, which is approximately twice the length of the ICI filter. Since X u The Toeplitz-like structure requires a continuous block of known PT-RS symbols to compute this least-squares solution.

[0039] To compensate for ICI, the received signal {R k}pass The filter is then fed into the OFDM demodulator. This implicitly assumes that the real ICI filter {J} i The convolution approximation of the conjugate inverse of the estimated ICI filter is a unit impulse signal. Summary of the Invention

[0040] As described above, there are currently certain challenges in compensating for inter-carrier interference (ICI) at the frequency domain. Certain aspects of this disclosure and embodiments thereof may provide solutions to these or other challenges. For example, certain embodiments include a low-complexity method for estimating an ICI-reduction filter that can be directly applied in the frequency domain to a received signal to remove ICI effects caused by phase noise or other impairments, such as those associated with frequency misalignment (e.g., frequency shift or Doppler). Certain embodiments enable the direct estimation of the ICI-reduction filter using phase tracking reference signal (PT-RS) symbols positioned in any predetermined subcarrier (not necessarily consecutive subcarriers). Certain embodiments enable the PT-RS symbol location set to be arbitrarily selected and to vary from one orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol to another OFDM symbol.

[0041] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an ICI compensation method according to a specific embodiment. It is based at least on an arbitrary predetermined set K of PT-RS locations. PTRS In K PTRS Channel estimation on subcarriers and PT-RS symbol Calculate the ICI filter Then, the de-ICI filter is applied to the received signal R on all subcarriers allocated to the user. k To generate the received signal R′ after ICI de-filtering. k Alternatively, the receiver can be used in K... PTRS The filtered signal R′ at the PT-RS position k and the corresponding channel estimation and PT-RS symbol (Re)estimate noise variance Updated noise variance It can be used to improve the accuracy of log-likelihood ratio (LLR) calculations in demodulators.

[0042] Figure 8 This is a block diagram illustrating an ICI filter estimation algorithm according to a specific embodiment. The specific embodiment is based on the received signal {R}. k The (subsampling) convolution matrix C of} R (Described later) The de-ICI filter is computed, and the (subsampling) convolution matrix R... R As is typically done in conventional phase noise ICI estimation, it depends on the PT-RS symbol {S}. k The absence of ICI signal {X} k The convolution matrix of} is the opposite. Subsampled convolution matrix C R It is based on the PT-RS location set K PTRSSelected R k A subset of the convolutional matrix.

[0043] Some embodiments include a method for directly estimating an ICI-removing filter for a signal to be applied to frequency-domain reception to eliminate ICI effects caused by phase noise on not necessarily contiguous PT-RS symbols. The estimation may include the step of generating a subsampled convolution matrix of the frequency-domain received signal, wherein the generation is based on a set of subcarrier indexes at the positions of specified PT-RS symbols. In some embodiments, the estimation includes the step of computing a least-squares estimate of the ICI-removing filter using the subsampled convolution matrix of the frequency-domain received signal. The least-squares estimate of the ICI-removing filter may be constrained.

[0044] According to some embodiments, a method performed by a wireless device includes: receiving a wireless signal R on all subcarriers allocated to the wireless device. k Signal R k The method includes PT-RS on a subset of subcarriers allocated to the wireless device, and the subset includes at least one non-contiguous subcarrier. The method further includes: using the received signal R... k The convolution matrix C R The ICI de-filter is calculated based on PT-RS and channel estimation, and then applied to the received signal R. k To generate the ICI-filtered signal.

[0045] In a specific embodiment, the convolution matrix C R Including the received signal R k The subsampled convolution matrix is ​​generated, where the subcarrier index set is based on the position of the symbol of the specified PT-RS. Computing the ICI de-filter may include using the subsampled convolution matrix to compute a least-squares estimate of the ICI de-filter. The least-squares estimate of the ICI de-filter may be constrained. For example, constraints may include any one or more of the following: unit norm, unit modulus center tap, unit modulus sum, and perfect autocorrelation.

[0046] In a particular embodiment, the method further includes updating the noise variance based on the de-ICI filtered signal and PT-RS.

[0047] In a particular embodiment, the length of the ICI de-filter is based on the expected ICI amount.

[0048] In a particular embodiment, the wireless device includes more than one receive antenna. All of the more than one receive antenna may be associated with a local oscillator, and the same de-ICI filter may be used for each receive antenna. A first subset of the more than one receive antenna may be associated with a first local oscillator, a second subset of the more than one receive antenna may be associated with a second local oscillator, and a first de-ICI filter may be used for the first subset of the receive antennas, and a second de-ICI filter may be used for the second subset of the receive antennas.

[0049] According to some embodiments, a wireless device includes a wireless communication interface and processing circuitry operable to perform any of the wireless device methods described above.

[0050] A computer program product is also disclosed, comprising a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-readable program code that, when executed by processing circuitry, is operable to perform any of the methods described above performed by the wireless device.

[0051] Certain embodiments may provide one or more of the following technical advantages. For example, certain embodiments enable the estimation of ICI filters using PT-RS symbols located in any predetermined subcarriers (not necessarily consecutive subcarriers). Therefore, certain embodiments allow the set of PT-RS symbol locations to be arbitrarily selected and varied from one OFDM symbol to another. Furthermore, the embodiments have relatively low implementation complexity. Attached Figure Description

[0052] To gain a more complete understanding of the disclosed embodiments and their features and advantages, reference is now made to the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0053] Figure 1 This is a table showing the frequency ranges used for fifth-generation (5G) new radio (NR);

[0054] Figure 2 This is a block diagram showing a block diagram of an NR transmitter for CP-OFDM with optional DFT extension;

[0055] Figure 3 This is a table showing the set of transmission parameters supported in NR;

[0056] Figure 4 This is a time-frequency diagram showing the NR downlink physical resources for a 15kHz subcarrier spacing parameter set.

[0057] Figure 5 This is a time-frequency diagram showing the distribution of NR PT-RS in the frequency domain;

[0058] Figure 6This is a time-frequency diagram showing the PT-RS with 1+1DM-RS (2DM-RS symbol) mapping in NR;

[0059] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an ICI compensation method according to a specific embodiment;

[0060] Figure 8 This is a block diagram illustrating an ICI filter estimation algorithm according to a specific embodiment;

[0061] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an ICI compensation method for multi-antenna extension according to a specific embodiment;

[0062] Figure 10 This is a block diagram illustrating an example wireless network;

[0063] Figure 11 An example user equipment according to certain embodiments is shown;

[0064] Figure 12 This is a flowchart illustrating example methods in a wireless device according to certain embodiments;

[0065] Figure 13 A schematic block diagram of wireless devices and network nodes in a wireless network according to certain embodiments is shown;

[0066] Figure 14 An example virtualization environment is shown according to certain embodiments;

[0067] Figure 15 An example telecommunications network is shown that is connected to a host computer via an intermediate network according to certain embodiments;

[0068] Figure 16 An example host computer is shown communicating with a user equipment via a base station through a partial wireless connection according to certain embodiments;

[0069] Figure 17 This is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented according to certain embodiments;

[0070] Figure 18 This is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system according to certain embodiments;

[0071] Figure 19 This is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system according to certain embodiments; and

[0072] Figure 20 This is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system according to certain embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0073] As described above, there are currently certain challenges in compensating for inter-carrier interference (ICI) at high frequencies. Certain aspects of this disclosure and embodiments thereof may provide solutions to these or other challenges. For example, certain embodiments include a low-complexity method for estimating an ICI removal filter that can be directly applied in the frequency domain to a received signal to remove ICI effects caused by phase noise or other impairments, such as those associated with frequency misalignment (e.g., frequency shift or Doppler). Certain embodiments enable the direct estimation of the ICI removal filter using phase tracking reference signal (PT-RS) symbols positioned in any predetermined subcarrier (not necessarily consecutive subcarriers). Certain embodiments enable the PT-RS symbol location set to be arbitrarily selected and to vary from one Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol to another OFDM symbol.

[0074] Specific embodiments are described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, other embodiments are included within the scope of the subject matter disclosed herein, and the disclosed subject matter should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided by way of example only to convey the scope of the subject matter to those skilled in the art.

[0075] The specific embodiments described herein include ICI filtering and estimation. Let K... PTRS ={k0, k1, ..., k M-1} represents an arbitrary set of M indices of subcarriers on which PT-RS symbols are arranged. These subcarriers may or may not be consecutive.

[0076] In the single-antenna embodiment, the model of the signal received in the frequency domain is as follows:

[0077]

[0078] in, This represents an ICI de-filter of length 2u+1, where u is a parameter specifying the expected ICI quantity. In K... PTRS The PT-RS position in the image is used to de-ICI filtered signal R′. k Sampling, and placing the samples in matrix form, to obtain

[0079] C R a = X + W

[0080] Among them, a=[a -u a -u+1 , ..., a u ] T , X k =S k H k , and

[0081]

[0082] It is a subsampling convolution matrix. Let... Let W represent the set of feasible choices for the ICI filter a (to be specified later). When the noise sample {W} k When the correlation is irrelevant, the estimate of the ICI removal filter can be obtained by solving the following minimization problem:

[0083]

[0084] Subsampling convolution matrix C R The dimension is M×(2u+1). To avoid the problem becoming uncertain, M≥2u+1 is needed, which is the length of the ICI de-filter. Therefore, the number of PT-RS symbols required to estimate the ICI de-filter is about half that required to estimate the ICI filter in the conventional method described above.

[0085] When no constraints are imposed on the de-ICI filter a (i.e., when the feasible set) When), the solution of (2) is only a least squares estimate:

[0086]

[0087] For u=0, the ICI filter is reduced to single-tap common phase error (CPE) compensation:

[0088]

[0089] After obtaining the estimate of the ICI de-filter, the noise variance estimate can be updated on PT-RS as follows:

[0090]

[0091] Some embodiments include constrained optimization of the ICI filter. This is achieved by limiting the feasible set to be minimized. Different regularization conditions can be applied to 'a' to improve estimation performance. The constraint on the feasible set is due to the fact that an ideal de-ICI filter should have ideal autocorrelation, i.e.

[0092]

[0093] Where, when m=0, δ m =1, when m≠0, δ m =0. Below are several (unrestricted) possible feasible sets and their related solutions, generated by different constraints on a that satisfy the ideal autocorrelation property:

[0094] A) Unit norm:

[0095] B) Unit modulus center tap:

[0096] Where e0 = [1, 0, ..., 0] H .

[0097] C) Unit modulus and:

[0098] Where 1 = [1, 1, ..., 1] H .

[0099] D) Perfect autocorrelation:

[0100]

[0101] Among them, S i It is an identity matrix with i shifted rows, φ i It is of size N FFT The i-th column of the FFT matrix.

[0102] The problem in (2) with any of the above constraints can generally be expressed as

[0103]

[0104] Where p is the number of constraints, Q i R is a non-negative definite matrix for each i. W It is an arbitrary positive definite matrix.

[0105] For case (A), p = 1, Q1 is the identity matrix, and R W It is an identity matrix.

[0106] For case (B), p = 1, R W It is an identity matrix.

[0107] For case (C), p = 1, Q1 = 1·1 H R W It is an identity matrix.

[0108] For case (D), p = N FFT For all i, R W It is an identity matrix.

[0109] The general solution of (3) described here is not limited to the above constraints on the feasible set of ICI filters.

[0110] Using the Lagrange formula, the solution to the constrained optimization problem (3) can be obtained:

[0111]

[0112] and

[0113] For all i = 1, 2, ..., p,

[0114] in, This represents the Lagrange multiplier, with each multiplier corresponding to a constraint.

[0115] An efficient method for calculating the values ​​of Lagrange multipliers is to use the multidimensional Newton method to solve for f(λ) = [f1(λ), ​​f2(λ), ..., f...]. p (λ)] T =0, where for i = 1, 2, ..., p,

[0116]

[0117] To calculate the Lagrange multiplier satisfying f(λ) = 0, we start from the initial conjecture of λ. (0) Initially, for each increment of the iteration index n, the calculation is performed iteratively.

[0118] λ (n+1) =λ (n) -D f (λ (n) ) -1 f(λ (n) (5)

[0119] in,

[0120]

[0121] And D f (λ) is the Jacobian matrix of f(λ) with respect to λ, [D f (λ)] i，j Representation matrix D f f(λ) is the element in the i-th row and j-th column. Since f(λ) is a monotonically decreasing function of λ, the above iterative algorithm will converge to the correct value.

[0122] Some embodiments include expansion to multiple receiving antennas. When the receiver is equipped with N rx antennas (of which N) rx When >1), a similar model for frequency-domain received signals can be applied:

[0123]

[0124] in, It involves channel estimation across multiple antennas, and This involves noise and interference on multiple antennas. Note that the signal model in (6) implicitly assumes that the same de-ICI filter is applied to all receiving antennas. This assumption is generally reasonable because the common oscillator from which the phase noise originates is usually shared between different antennas. In the case of using multiple oscillators, specific implementations can be applied to estimate the individual de-ICI filter used for each group of receiving antennas sharing the same oscillator.

[0125] Similar to the single-antenna case, in K PTRS The PT-RS location uses the ICI-filtered signal R′. k And by placing the samples into a matrix, we get:

[0126] C R a = X + W

[0127] Among them, a=[a -u a -u+1 , ..., a u ] T , X k =S k H k , and

[0128]

[0129] It is the corresponding subsampled convolution matrix.

[0130] Since interference signals often originate from a specific direction, the noise plus interference received from multiple antennas is often highly correlated in the presence of interference. Because the spatial correlation of noise plus interference is typically static across different subcarriers, for all subcarriers k, we can define...

[0131]

[0132] Assuming at the receiver Given the estimate, the estimate of the ICI filter can be obtained by solving the following minimization problem:

[0133]

[0134] in, It is the Kronecker product operator. Let a be the set of feasible choices for removing the ICI filter a.

[0135] Subsampling convolution matrix C R The dimension is N rxM×(2u+1). To avoid the problem becoming uncertain, we need M≥(2u+1) / N. rx Therefore, using N rx The number of PT-RS symbols required to estimate the ICI filter using more than one antenna can be much lower than that using a single antenna.

[0136] When there are no constraints on the de-ICI filter a (i.e., when the feasible set) When), the solution of (2) is merely a generalized least squares estimate:

[0137]

[0138] After obtaining the estimate of the ICI de-filter, the noise covariance matrix R W The estimate can be updated on PT-RS.

[0139]

[0140] in, e m It is a (2u+1)×1 vector, where the m-th element is 1 and all other elements are 0.

[0141] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an ICI compensation method for multi-antenna extension according to a specific embodiment. Similar to the single-antenna case, a minimum feasible set can be performed on the constraint. Different regularization conditions can be applied to a to improve estimation performance. Specifically, the same constraints (A), (B), (C), or (D) as described above can be applied, and the corresponding solutions can be computed using equations (4) and (5), where... And select the corresponding {Q i}

[0142] Figure 10 Example wireless networks according to certain embodiments are illustrated. Wireless networks may include and interface with any type of communications, telecommunications, data, cellular, and / or radio network or other similar type of system. In some embodiments, a wireless network may be configured to operate according to a specific standard or other type of predefined rules or procedures. Thus, specific embodiments of the wireless network may implement communication standards such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), Long Term Evolution (LTE), and / or other suitable 2G, 3G, 4G, or 5G standards; wireless local area network (WLAN) standards such as the IEEE 802.11 standard; and / or any other suitable wireless communication standards such as WiMax, Bluetooth, Z-Wave, and / or ZigBee standards.

[0143] Network 106 may include one or more backhaul networks, core networks, IP networks, public switched telephone networks (PSTN), packet data networks, optical networks, wide area networks (WAN), local area networks (LAN), wireless local area networks (WLAN), wired networks, wireless networks, metropolitan area networks, and other networks to enable communication between devices.

[0144] Network node 160 and WD 110 include various components described in more detail below. These components work together to provide network node and / or wireless device functionality, such as providing wireless connectivity in a wireless network. In various embodiments, the wireless network may include any number of wired or wireless networks, network nodes, base stations, controllers, wireless devices, relay stations, and / or any other components or systems that may facilitate or participate in communication of data and / or signals via wired or wireless connections.

[0145] As used herein, a network node means a device that is capable of, configured, arranged, and / or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with a wireless device and / or with other network nodes or devices in a wireless network to enable and / or provide wireless access to the wireless device and / or perform other functions (e.g., management) in the wireless network.

[0146] Examples of network nodes include, but are not limited to, access points (APs) (e.g., radio access points) and base stations (BSs) (e.g., radio base stations, Node Bs, evolved Node Bs (eNBs), and NR Node Bs (gNBs)). Base stations can be classified based on the coverage they provide (or, in other words, their transmit power levels) and can then be referred to as femtocells, picocells, microcells, or macrocells.

[0147] A base station can be a relay node or a relay donor node that controls the relay. A network node may also include one or more (or all) parts of a distributed radio base station, such as a centralized digital unit and / or a remote radio unit (RRU), sometimes referred to as a remote radio head (RRH). Such a remote radio unit may or may not be integrated with an antenna as an antenna-integrated radio. The parts of a distributed radio base station may also be referred to as nodes in a distributed antenna system (DAS). Further examples of network nodes include multi-standard radio (MSR) equipment (such as an MSR BS), network controllers (such as a radio network controller (RNC) or base station controller (BSC)), base transceiver stations (BTS), transmission points, transmission nodes, multi-cell / multicast coordination entities (MCEs), core network nodes (e.g., MSC, MME), O&M nodes, OSS nodes, SON nodes, location nodes (e.g., E-SMLC), and / or MDTs.

[0148] As another example, a network node can be a virtual network node as described in more detail below. However, more generally, a network node can represent any suitable device (or group of devices) that is capable of, configured, arranged, and / or operable to enable and / or provide access to a wireless network to wireless devices or to provide some service to wireless devices already connected to the wireless network.

[0149] exist Figure 10 In the network node 160, processing circuitry 170, device-readable medium 180, interface 190, auxiliary equipment 184, power supply 186, power circuitry 187, and antenna 162 are included. Although in Figure 10 The network node 160 shown in the example wireless network may represent a device including the hardware component combination shown; however, other embodiments may include network nodes with different component combinations.

[0150] It should be understood that a network node includes any suitable combination of hardware and / or software required to perform the tasks, features, functions, and methods disclosed herein. Furthermore, while the components of network node 160 are depicted as a single box located within a larger box or nested within multiple boxes, in practice, a network node may include multiple different physical components that make up a single illustrated component (e.g., device-readable medium 180 may include multiple separate hard disk drives and multiple RAM modules).

[0151] Similarly, network node 160 may include multiple physically separate components (e.g., node B component and RNC component, or BTS component and BSC component, etc.), each of which may have its own corresponding components. In some scenarios where network node 160 includes multiple separate components (e.g., BTS and BSC components), one or more of these separate components may be shared among multiple network nodes. For example, a single RNC may control multiple node Bs. In such scenarios, in some instances, each unique node B and RNC pair may be considered a single, separate network node.

[0152] In some embodiments, network node 160 may be configured to support multiple radio access technologies (RATs). In such embodiments, some components may be duplicated (e.g., separate device-readable media 180 for different RATs), and some components may be reused (e.g., the same antenna 162 may be shared by the RATs). Network node 160 may also include multiple sets of illustrated components for various wireless technologies integrated into network node 160, such as, for example, GSM, WCDMA, LTE, NR, WiFi, or Bluetooth wireless technologies. These wireless technologies may be integrated into the same or different chips or chipsets within network node 160.

[0153] Processing circuitry 170 is configured to perform any determination, calculation, or similar operation (e.g., certain acquisition operations) described herein as being provided by a network node. These operations performed by processing circuitry 170 may include processing information acquired by processing circuitry 170, by, for example, converting the acquired information into other information, comparing the acquired or converted information with information stored in the network node, and / or performing one or more operations based on the acquired or converted information, and making a determination as a result of said processing.

[0154] Processing circuitry 170 may include one or more of the following, operable to provide network node 160 functionality individually or in combination with other network node 160 components (such as device readable medium 180): microprocessor, controller, microcontroller, central processing unit, digital signal processor, application-specific integrated circuit, field-programmable gate array, or any other suitable computing device, resource, or combination of hardware, software and / or coding logic.

[0155] For example, processing circuitry 170 may execute instructions stored in device-readable medium 180 or in memory within processing circuitry 170. Such functionality may include providing any of the various wireless features, functions, or benefits discussed herein. In some embodiments, processing circuitry 170 may include a system-on-a-chip (SoC).

[0156] In some embodiments, processing circuitry 170 may include one or more of radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry 172 and baseband processing circuitry 174. In some embodiments, RF transceiver circuitry 172 and baseband processing circuitry 174 may be on separate chips (or chipsets), boards, or units (such as radio units and digital units). In other alternative embodiments, some or all of RF transceiver circuitry 172 and baseband processing circuitry 174 may be on the same chip or chipset, board, or unit.

[0157] In some embodiments, some or all of the functions described herein as being provided by a network node, base station, eNB, or other such network device may be performed by processing circuitry 170, which executes instructions stored in memory within device-readable medium 180 or processing circuitry 170. In alternative embodiments, some or all of the functions may be provided by processing circuitry 170 without executing instructions stored on a separate or independent device-readable medium, such as by hard-wiring. In any of those embodiments, processing circuitry 170 may be configured to perform the described functions regardless of whether instructions stored on a device-readable storage medium are executed. The benefits provided by such functions are not limited solely to the processing circuitry or other components of network node 160, but are enjoyed by network node 160 as a whole and / or generally by end users and the wireless network.

[0158] Device-readable medium 180 may include any form of volatile or non-volatile computer-readable memory, including but not limited to persistent storage devices, solid-state memory, remotely mounted memory, magnetic media, optical media, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), mass storage media (e.g., hard disk), removable storage media (e.g., flash drives, optical discs (CDs), or digital video discs (DVDs)), and / or any other volatile or non-volatile non-transitory device-readable memory device and / or computer-executable memory device that stores information, data, and / or instructions usable by processing circuitry 170. Device-readable medium 180 may store any suitable instructions, data, or information, including computer programs, software, applications including one or more of logic, rules, code, tables, etc., and / or other instructions executable by processing circuitry 170 and utilized by network node 160. Device-readable medium 180 may be used to store any calculations performed by processing circuitry 170 and / or any data received via interface 190. In some embodiments, processing circuitry 170 and device-readable medium 180 may be considered integrated.

[0159] Interface 190 can be used in wired or wireless communication of signaling and / or data between network node 160, network 106, and / or WD 110. As shown, interface 190 includes, for example, ports / terminals 194 for sending data to and receiving data from network 106 via a wired connection. Interface 190 also includes radio front-end circuitry 192, which may be coupled to antenna 162 or, in some embodiments, is part of antenna 162.

[0160] The radio front-end circuit 192 includes a filter 198 and an amplifier 196. The radio front-end circuit 192 can be connected to an antenna 162 and processing circuitry 170. The radio front-end circuit can be configured to modulate the signal transmitted between the antenna 162 and the processing circuitry 170. The radio front-end circuit 192 can receive digital data to be transmitted wirelessly to other network nodes or WDs. The radio front-end circuit 192 can use a combination of filter 198 and / or amplifier 196 to convert the digital data into radio signals with appropriate channel and bandwidth parameters. The radio signals can then be transmitted via antenna 162. Similarly, when receiving data, antenna 162 can collect radio signals, which are then converted into digital data by the radio front-end circuit 192. The digital data can be passed to processing circuitry 170. In other embodiments, the interface may include different components and / or different combinations of components.

[0161] In some alternative embodiments, network node 160 may not include a separate radio front-end circuitry 192; instead, processing circuitry 170 may include radio front-end circuitry and be connectable to antenna 162 without a separate radio front-end circuitry 192. Similarly, in some embodiments, all or part of RF transceiver circuitry 172 may be considered part of interface 190. In other embodiments, interface 190 may include one or more ports or terminals 194, radio front-end circuitry 192, and RF transceiver circuitry 172 as part of a radio unit (not shown), and interface 190 may communicate with baseband processing circuitry 174, which is part of a digital unit (not shown).

[0162] Antenna 162 may include one or more antennas or an antenna array configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals. Antenna 162 may be coupled to radio front-end circuitry 192 and may be any type of antenna capable of wirelessly transmitting and receiving data and / or signals. In some embodiments, antenna 162 may include one or more omnidirectional, sector, or planar antennas operable to transmit / receive radio signals, for example, between 2 GHz and 66 GHz. Omnidirectional antennas can be used to transmit / receive radio signals in any direction, sector antennas can be used to transmit / receive radio signals from devices within a specific area, and planar antennas can be line-of-sight antennas for transmitting / receiving radio signals along a relatively straight line. In some instances, the use of more than one antenna may be referred to as MIMO. In some embodiments, antenna 162 may be detachable from network node 160 and can be connected to network node 160 via an interface or port.

[0163] Antenna 162, interface 190, and / or processing circuitry 170 can be configured to perform any receive operation and / or certain acquisition operation described herein as being performed by a network node. Any information, data, and / or signals can be received from a wireless device, another network node, and / or any other network device. Similarly, antenna 162, interface 190, and / or processing circuitry 170 can be configured to perform any transmit operation described herein as being performed by a network node. Any information, data, and / or signals can be transmitted to a wireless device, another network node, and / or any other network device.

[0164] Power supply circuitry 187 may include or be coupled to power management circuitry and is configured to supply power to components of network node 160 for performing the functions described herein. Power supply circuitry 187 may receive power from power source 186. Power source 186 and / or power supply circuitry 187 may be configured to supply power to various components of network node 160 in a manner suitable for the respective components (e.g., at the voltage and current levels required by each respective component). Power source 186 may be included in power supply circuitry 187 and / or network node 160, or may be external to power supply circuitry 187 and / or network node 160.

[0165] For example, network node 160 may be connected to an external power source (e.g., an electrical outlet) via an input circuit or interface (such as a cable), thereby supplying power to power circuit 187. As another example, power source 186 may include a power source in the form of a battery or battery pack, which is connected to or integrated into power circuit 187. The battery can provide backup power in the event of an external power failure. Other types of power sources, such as photovoltaic devices, may also be used.

[0166] Alternative embodiments of network node 160 may include, in addition to Figure 10 Additional components, other than those shown, may be responsible for providing certain aspects of the functionality of the network node, including any of the functions described herein and / or any functions required to support the subject matter described herein. For example, network node 160 may include a user interface device that allows information to be input into and output from network node 160. This can allow users to perform diagnostic, maintenance, repair, and other management functions for network node 160.

[0167] As used herein, a wireless device (WD) means a device capable of, configured, positioned, and / or operable to wirelessly communicate with network nodes and / or other WDs. Unless otherwise stated, the term WD may be used interchangeably with User Equipment (UE) herein. Wireless communication may involve transmitting and / or receiving wireless signals using electromagnetic waves, radio waves, infrared waves, and / or other types of signals suitable for transmitting information through the air.

[0168] In some embodiments, the WD can be configured to send and / or receive information without direct human interaction. For example, the WD can be designed to send information to the network according to a predetermined schedule when triggered by an internal or external event or in response to a request from the network.

[0169] Examples of WD devices include, but are not limited to, smartphones, mobile phones, cell phones, Voice over IP (VoIP) phones, wireless local loop phones, desktop computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), wireless cameras, game consoles or devices, music storage devices, playback devices, wearable devices, wireless endpoints, mobile stations, tablets, laptops, laptop embedded devices (LEEs), laptop-mounted devices (LMEs), smart devices, wireless client premises equipment (CPEs), and in-vehicle wireless terminal equipment. WD can support device-to-device (D2D) communication, such as through 3GPP standards for implementing secondary link communication, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), and vehicle-to-everything (V2X), and in these cases, can be referred to as D2D communication devices.

[0170] As another specific example, in the Internet of Things (IoT) scenario, a WD can represent a machine or other device that performs monitoring and / or measurement and sends the results of such monitoring and / or measurement to another WD and / or network node. In this case, the WD can be a machine-to-machine (M2M) device, which can be referred to as an MTC device in the 3GPP context. As an example, a WD can be a UE that implements the 3GPP Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) standard. Examples of such machines or devices are sensors, metering devices (such as power meters), industrial machinery, or household or personal appliances (e.g., refrigerators, televisions, etc.), and personal wearable devices (e.g., watches, fitness trackers, etc.).

[0171] In other contexts, WD can refer to a vehicle or other device capable of monitoring and / or reporting its operational status or other functions associated with its operation. As described above, WD can refer to a wirelessly connected endpoint, in which case the device may be referred to as a wireless terminal. Furthermore, as described above, WD can be mobile, in which case the WD may also be referred to as a mobile device or mobile terminal.

[0172] As shown in the figure, wireless device 110 includes an antenna 111, an interface 114, processing circuitry 120, a device-readable medium 130, a user interface device 132, auxiliary devices 134, a power supply 136, and a power circuitry 137. WD 110 may include multiple sets of the shown components for one or more of the different wireless technologies supported by WD 110, such as, for example, GSM, WCDMA, LTE, NR, WiFi, WiMAX, or Bluetooth wireless technologies, to name a few. These wireless technologies may be integrated into the same or different chips or chipsets within WD 110.

[0173] Antenna 111 may include one or more antennas or an antenna array, configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals, and connected to interface 114. In some alternative embodiments, antenna 111 may be detached from WD 110 and may be connected to WD 110 via an interface or port. Antenna 111, interface 114, and / or processing circuitry 120 may be configured to perform any receive or transmit operations described herein as being performed by a WD. Any information, data, and / or signals may be received from a network node and / or another WD. In some embodiments, radio front-end circuitry and / or antenna 111 may be considered an interface.

[0174] As shown, interface 114 includes radio front-end circuitry 112 and antenna 111. Radio front-end circuitry 112 includes one or more filters 118 and amplifiers 116. Radio front-end circuitry 112 is connected to antenna 111 and processing circuitry 120 and is configured to modulate the signal transmitted between antenna 111 and processing circuitry 120. Radio front-end circuitry 112 may be coupled to antenna 111 or a portion of antenna 111. In some embodiments, WD 110 may not include separate radio front-end circuitry 112; instead, processing circuitry 120 may include radio front-end circuitry and may be connected to antenna 111. Similarly, in some embodiments, all or some of RF transceiver circuitry 122 may be considered part of interface 114.

[0175] Radio front-end circuitry 112 can receive digital data to be transmitted wirelessly to other network nodes or WDs. Radio front-end circuitry 112 can use a combination of filter 118 and / or amplifier 116 to convert the digital data into radio signals with appropriate channel and bandwidth parameters. The radio signals can then be transmitted via antenna 111. Similarly, when receiving data, antenna 111 can collect radio signals, which are then converted into digital data by radio front-end circuitry 112. The digital data can be passed to processing circuitry 120. In other embodiments, the interface may include different components and / or different combinations of components.

[0176] Processing circuitry 120 may include one or more of the following, operable individually or in combination with other WD 110 components (such as device-readable medium 130), to provide WD 110 functionality: a microprocessor, controller, microcontroller, central processing unit, digital signal processor, application-specific integrated circuit, field-programmable gate array, or any other suitable computing device, resource, or combination of hardware, software, and / or coding logic. Such functionality may include providing any of the various wireless features or benefits discussed herein. For example, processing circuitry 120 may execute instructions stored in device-readable medium 130 or in memory within processing circuitry 120 to provide the functionality disclosed herein.

[0177] As shown in the figure, the processing circuit 120 includes one or more of the following: RF transceiver circuit 122, baseband processing circuit 124, and application processing circuit 126. In other embodiments, the processing circuit may include different components and / or different combinations of components. In some embodiments, the processing circuit 120 of WD 110 may include a System-on-a-Chip (SOC). In some embodiments, the RF transceiver circuit 122, baseband processing circuit 124, and application processing circuit 126 may be on separate chips or chipsets.

[0178] In alternative embodiments, some or all of the baseband processing circuitry 124 and application processing circuitry 126 may be combined into a single chip or chipset, and the RF transceiver circuitry 122 may be on a separate chip or chipset. In other alternative embodiments, some or all of the RF transceiver circuitry 122 and baseband processing circuitry 124 may be on the same chip or chipset, and the application processing circuitry 126 may be on a separate chip or chipset. In other alternative embodiments, some or all of the RF transceiver circuitry 122, baseband processing circuitry 124, and application processing circuitry 126 may be combined into a single chip or chipset. In some embodiments, the RF transceiver circuitry 122 may be part of interface 114. The RF transceiver circuitry 122 may modulate the RF signal used for processing circuitry 120.

[0179] In some embodiments, some or all of the functions described herein as being performed by WD may be provided by processing circuitry 120 that executes instructions stored on device-readable medium 130, which in some embodiments may be a computer-readable storage medium. In alternative embodiments, some or all of the functions may be provided by processing circuitry 120 without executing instructions stored on a separate or independent device-readable storage medium, such as in a hard-wired manner.

[0180] In any of those embodiments, the processing circuitry 120 may be configured to perform the described functions, regardless of whether instructions stored on a device-readable storage medium are executed. The benefits provided by such functions are not limited solely to the processing circuitry 120 or other components of the WD 110, but are enjoyed by the WD 110 and / or generally by the end user and wireless network.

[0181] Processing circuitry 120 may be configured to perform any determination, calculation, or similar operation (e.g., certain acquisition operations) described herein as being performed by WD. Such operations performed by processing circuitry 120 may include processing information acquired by processing circuitry 120, by, for example, converting the acquired information into other information, comparing the acquired or converted information with information stored by WD 110, and / or performing one or more operations based on the acquired or converted information, and making a determination as a result of the processing.

[0182] Device-readable medium 130 may be operable to store computer programs, software, applications, including one or more of logic, rules, code, tables, etc., and / or other instructions executable by processing circuitry 120. Device-readable medium 130 may include computer memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) or read-only memory (ROM)), mass storage media (e.g., hard disk), removable storage media (e.g., optical disc (CD) or digital video disc (DVD)), and / or any other volatile or non-volatile, non-transitory computer-readable and / or computer-executable memory device that stores information, data, and / or instructions usable by processing circuitry 120. In some embodiments, processing circuitry 120 and device-readable medium 130 may be integrated.

[0183] User interface device 132 can provide components that allow a human user to interact with WD 110. Such interaction can take many forms, such as visual, auditory, tactile, etc. User interface device 132 can be operable to produce output to the user and allow the user to provide input to WD 110. The type of interaction can vary depending on the type of user interface device 132 installed in WD 110. For example, if WD 110 is a smartphone, the interaction can be via a touchscreen; if WD 110 is a smart meter, the interaction can be via a screen that displays usage (e.g., gallons used) or a speaker that provides audible alarms (e.g., if smoke is detected).

[0184] User interface device 132 may include input interfaces, devices, and circuitry, as well as output interfaces, devices, and circuitry. User interface device 132 is configured to allow information to be input into WD 110 and is connected to processing circuitry 120 to allow processing circuitry 120 to process the input information. User interface device 132 may include, for example, a microphone, proximity or other sensors, keys / buttons, a touch display, one or more cameras, a USB port, or other input circuitry. User interface device 132 is also configured to allow information to be output from WD 110 and to allow processing circuitry 120 to output information from WD 110. User interface device 132 may include, for example, a speaker, display, vibration circuitry, a USB port, a headphone jack, or other output circuitry. Using one or more input and output interfaces, devices, and circuitry of user interface device 132, WD 110 can communicate with end users and / or wireless networks and allow them to benefit from the functionality described herein.

[0185] The auxiliary device 134 is operable to provide more specific functions that may not typically be performed by the WD. This may include specialized sensors for measurements for various purposes, interfaces for additional types of communication (such as wired communication), etc. The inclusion and type of components of the auxiliary device 134 may vary depending on the embodiment and / or scenario.

[0186] In some embodiments, power supply 136 may be in the form of a battery or battery pack. Other types of power supplies may also be used, such as an external power source (e.g., an electrical outlet), a photovoltaic device, or a battery. WD 110 may also include power circuitry 137 for supplying power from power supply 136 to various parts of WD 110 that require power from power supply 136 to perform any function described or indicated herein. In some embodiments, power circuitry 137 may include power management circuitry.

[0187] The power supply circuit 137 may additionally or alternatively be operable to receive power from an external power source; in this case, the WD 110 may be connected to an external power source (such as an electrical outlet) via an input circuit or an interface such as a power cable. In some embodiments, the power supply circuit 137 may also be operable to deliver power from an external power source to the power source 136. This may be used, for example, for charging the power source 136. The power supply circuit 137 may perform any formatting, conversion, or other modification on the power from the power source 136 to produce power suitable for the respective components of the WD 110 being powered.

[0188] While the subjects described herein can be implemented in any suitable type of system using any appropriate components, the embodiments disclosed herein are described with respect to wireless networks, such as... Figure 10The example wireless network shown is for simplicity. Figure 10 The wireless network depicted only includes network 106, network nodes 160 and 160b, and WDs 110, 110b, and 110c. In practice, the wireless network may also include any additional elements suitable for supporting communication between wireless devices or between a wireless device and another communication device (such as a landline telephone, service provider, or any other network node or terminal device). With respect to the components shown, network node 160 and wireless device (WD) 110 are shown in additional detail. The wireless network can provide communication and other types of services to one or more wireless devices to facilitate wireless device access to the wireless network and / or use of services provided by or via the wireless network.

[0189] Figure 11 Example user equipment (UE) according to certain embodiments is shown. As used herein, a UE or UE may not necessarily have to be a user in the sense of a human user who owns and / or operates the associated equipment. Instead, a UE may represent a device intended to be sold to or operated by a human user but which may not or initially may not be associated with a particular human user (e.g., a smart sprinkler controller). Alternatively, a UE may represent a device not intended to be sold to or operated by an end user but which may be associated with or operated for the benefit of a user (e.g., a smart meter). UE 200 may be a UE identified by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), including NB-IoT UEs, Machine Type Communication (MTC) UEs, and / or Enhanced MTC (eMTC) UEs. Figure 11 As shown, UE 200 is an example of a WD configured to communicate according to one or more communication standards (such as 3GPP's GSM, UMTS, LTE, and / or 5G standards) issued by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). As previously mentioned, the terms WD and UE can be used interchangeably. Therefore, although... Figure 11 It is a UE, but the components discussed in this article also apply to WD, and vice versa.

[0190] exist Figure 11 In this embodiment, UE 200 includes processing circuitry 201 operatively coupled to an input / output interface 205, a radio frequency (RF) interface 209, a network connectivity interface 211, a memory 215 (including random access memory (RAM) 217, read-only memory (ROM) 219, and storage medium 221, etc.), a communication subsystem 231, a power supply 233, and / or any other component, or any combination thereof. Storage medium 221 includes an operating system 223, application programs 225, and data 227. In other embodiments, storage medium 221 may include other similar types of information. Some UEs may use... Figure 11This refers to all components shown, or only a subset of components. The degree of integration between components can vary from one UE to another. Furthermore, some UEs may contain multiple instances of components, such as multiple processors, memories, transceivers, transmitters, receivers, etc.

[0191] exist Figure 11 In this embodiment, processing circuitry 201 can be configured to process computer instructions and data. Processing circuitry 201 can be configured to implement any sequential state machine operable to execute machine instructions stored in memory as a machine-readable computer program, such as one or more hardware-implemented state machines (e.g., in discrete logic, FPGA, ASIC, etc.); programmable logic along with appropriate firmware; one or more stored programs, general-purpose processors, such as microprocessors or digital signal processors (DSPs), along with appropriate software; or any combination of the foregoing. For example, processing circuitry 201 may include two central processing units (CPUs). Data may be information in a form suitable for use by a computer.

[0192] In the depicted embodiments, the input / output interface 205 can be configured to provide a communication interface to an input device, an output device, or both input and output devices. The UE 200 can be configured to use an output device via the input / output interface 205.

[0193] Output devices can use the same type of interface port as input devices. For example, a USB port can be used to provide input to and output from the UE 200. Output devices can be speakers, sound cards, video cards, displays, monitors, printers, actuators, transmitters, smart cards, other output devices, or any combination thereof.

[0194] UE 200 can be configured to use input devices via input / output interface 205 to allow a user to capture information into UE 200. Input devices may include touch-sensitive or presence-sensitive displays, cameras (e.g., digital cameras, digital video cameras, webcams, etc.), microphones, sensors, mice, trackballs, steering wheels, scroll wheels, smart cards, etc. Presence-sensitive displays may include capacitive or resistive touch sensors that sense input from the user. Sensors may be, for example, accelerometers, gyroscopes, tilt sensors, force sensors, magnetometers, optical sensors, proximity sensors, another similar sensor, or any combination thereof. For example, input devices may include accelerometers, magnetometers, digital cameras, microphones, and optical sensors.

[0195] exist Figure 11In this configuration, RF interface 209 can be configured to provide a communication interface to RF components, such as transmitters, receivers, and antennas. Network connectivity interface 211 can be configured to provide a communication interface to network 243a. Network 243a may encompass wired and / or wireless networks, such as local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), computer networks, wireless networks, telecommunications networks, another similar network, or any combination thereof. For example, network 243a may include a Wi-Fi network. Network connectivity interface 211 can be configured to include receiver and transmitter interfaces for communicating with one or more other devices over the communication network according to one or more communication protocols (such as Ethernet, TCP / IP, SONET, ATM, etc.). Network connectivity interface 211 can implement receiver and transmitter functions suitable for communication network links (e.g., optical, electrical, etc.). Transmitter and receiver functions may share circuit components, software, or firmware, or alternatively, may be implemented separately.

[0196] RAM 217 can be configured to interface with processing circuitry 201 via bus 202 to provide storage or cache of data or computer instructions during the execution of software programs (such as operating systems, application programs, and device drivers). ROM 219 can be configured to provide computer instructions or data to processing circuitry 201. For example, ROM 219 can be configured to store immutable low-level system code or data for basic system functions, such as basic input and output (I / O), startup, or reception from keyboard keystrokes stored in non-volatile memory.

[0197] Storage medium 221 can be configured to include memory such as RAM, ROM, programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), disk, optical disk, floppy disk, hard disk, removable disk, or flash drive. In one example, storage medium 221 can be configured to include operating system 223, application program 225 (such as a web browser application, widget or accessory engine, or another application), and data file 227. Storage medium 221 can store any of a variety of different operating systems or combinations of operating systems for use by UE200.

[0198] Storage medium 221 can be configured to include multiple physical drive units, such as a redundant array of independent disks (RAID), a floppy disk drive, flash memory, a USB flash drive, an external hard disk drive, a thumb drive, a pen drive, a key drive, a high-density digital universal optical disc (HD-DVD) drive, an internal hard disk drive, a Blu-ray disc drive, a holographic digital data storage (HDDS) disc drive, an external mini dual in-line memory module (DIMM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), external micro DIMM SDRAM, smart card memory (such as a user identity module or a removable user identity (SIM / RUIM) module), other memory, or any combination thereof. Storage medium 221 can allow UE 200 to access computer-executable instructions, applications, etc., stored on a transient or non-transient storage medium to unload or upload data. Articles of manufacture (such as articles utilizing a communication system) can be tangibly implemented in storage medium 221, which may include a device-readable medium.

[0199] exist Figure 11 In this embodiment, processing circuitry 201 can be configured to communicate with network 243b using communication subsystem 231. Networks 243a and 243b can be the same one or more networks or different one or more networks. Communication subsystem 231 can be configured to include one or more transceivers for communicating with network 243b. For example, communication subsystem 231 can be configured to include one or more remote transceivers for communicating with another device (such as another WD, UE, or base station of a radio access network (RAN)) capable of wireless communication according to one or more communication protocols (such as IEEE 802.2, CDMA, WCDMA, GSM, LTE, UTRAN, WiMax, etc.). Each transceiver can include transmitter 233 and / or receiver 235 respectively implementing transmitter or receiver functions suitable for RAN links (e.g., frequency allocation, etc.). Further, transmitter 233 and receiver 235 of each transceiver can share circuit components, software, or firmware, or alternatively can be implemented separately.

[0200] In the illustrated embodiment, the communication functions of the communication subsystem 231 may include data communication, voice communication, multimedia communication, short-range communication (such as Bluetooth, near-field communication, location-based communication (such as using a Global Positioning System (GPS) to determine location)), another similar communication function, or any combination thereof. For example, the communication subsystem 231 may include cellular communication, Wi-Fi communication, Bluetooth communication, and GPS communication. Network 243a may encompass wired and / or wireless networks, such as a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a computer network, a wireless network, a telecommunications network, another similar network, or any combination thereof. For example, network 243b may be a cellular network, a Wi-Fi network, and / or a near-field network. Power supply 213 may be configured to provide alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC) power to the components of the UE 200.

[0201] The features, benefits, and / or functions described herein may be implemented in one of the components of UE 200 or distributed across multiple components of UE 200. Furthermore, the features, benefits, and / or functions described herein may be implemented in any combination of hardware, software, or firmware. In one example, communication subsystem 231 may be configured to include any of the components described herein. Further, processing circuitry 201 may be configured to communicate with any of such components via bus 202. In another example, any such component may be represented by program instructions stored in memory that, when executed by processing circuitry 201, perform the corresponding functions described herein. In another example, the functionality of any such component may be divided between processing circuitry 201 and communication subsystem 231. In another example, the non-computationally intensive functions of any such component may be implemented in software or firmware, and the computationally intensive functions may be implemented in hardware.

[0202] Figure 12 This is a flowchart illustrating example methods in a wireless device according to certain embodiments. In a particular embodiment, Figure 12 One or more steps can be made by regarding Figure 10 The described wireless device 110 performs this action.

[0203] The method may begin at step 1212, wherein the wireless device (e.g., wireless device 110) receives the wireless signal R on all subcarriers allocated to the wireless device. k Signal R k The PT-RS includes a subset of subcarriers allocated to the wireless device, and the subset includes at least one non-contiguous subcarrier. The signal may include any PT-RS configuration described herein.

[0204] In step 1214, the received signal R is used k The convolution matrix CR Based on the received PT-RS and channel estimation, the wireless device calculates the ICI removal filter.

[0205] In a specific embodiment, the convolution matrix C R Including the received signal R k The subsampled convolution matrix generates a set of subcarrier indices based on the positions of symbols of a specified PT-RS. Computing the ICI de-filter may include using the subsampled convolution matrix to compute a least-squares estimate of the ICI de-filter. The least-squares estimate of the ICI de-filter may be constrained. For example, constraints may include one or more of the following: unit norm, unit modulus center tap, unit modulus sum, and perfect autocorrelation.

[0206] In a particular embodiment, the length of the ICI de-filter is based on the expected ICI amount.

[0207] In a particular embodiment, the wireless device includes more than one receive antenna. All of the more than one receive antenna may be associated with a local oscillator, and the same de-ICI filter may be used for each receive antenna. A first subset of the more than one receive antenna may be associated with a first local oscillator, a second subset of the more than one receive antenna may be associated with a second local oscillator, and a first de-ICI filter may be used for the first subset of the receive antennas, and a second de-ICI filter may be used for the second subset of the receive antennas.

[0208] Wireless devices can be adapted to this document, such as those concerning... Figures 7 to 9 The described embodiments, examples, and equations calculate the ICI defilter.

[0209] In step 1216, the wireless device applies an ICI defilter to the received signal R. k To generate the ICI-filtered signal.

[0210] In step 1218, the wireless device may update the noise variance based on the de-ICI filtered signal and PT-RS. The wireless device may update the noise variance according to any of the embodiments, examples, and equations described herein.

[0211] Can be Figure 12 Method 1200 can be modified, added to, or omitted. Furthermore, Figure 12 One or more steps in the method can be performed in parallel or in any suitable order.

[0212] Figure 13 A wireless network (e.g.) is shown. Figure 10 This is a schematic block diagram of a device in a wireless network. The device includes a wireless device (e.g., Figure 10 The wireless device 110 shown is operable to perform a reference. Figure 12 The example methods described herein and any other possible processes or methods disclosed herein. It should also be understood that... Figure 12 The method does not necessarily need to be performed solely by device 1600. At least some operations of the method may be performed by one or more other entities.

[0213] The virtual device 1600 may include processing circuitry (which may include one or more microprocessors or microcontrollers) and other digital hardware (which may include digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific digital logic, etc.). The processing circuitry may be configured to execute program code stored in memory, which may include one or more types of memory, such as read-only memory (ROM), random access memory, cache memory, flash memory devices, optical storage devices, etc. In several embodiments, the program code stored in the memory includes program instructions for executing one or more telecommunications and / or data communication protocols and instructions for executing one or more of the techniques described herein.

[0214] In some implementations, the processing circuitry may be used to enable any suitable unit of the receiving module 1602, the determining module 1604, and the device 1600 to perform corresponding functions according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0215] like Figure 13 As shown, according to any embodiment and example described herein, apparatus 1600 includes a receiving module 1602 configured to receive wireless signals. Apparatus 1600 also includes a determining module 1604 configured to estimate and apply an ICI filter according to any embodiment and example described herein.

[0216] Figure 14 This is a schematic block diagram illustrating a virtualization environment 300 in which functionality implemented by some embodiments can be virtualized. In this context, virtualization means creating virtual versions of devices or equipment, which may include virtualized hardware platforms, storage devices, and network resources. As used herein, virtualization can be applied to nodes (e.g., virtualized base stations or virtualized radio access nodes) or devices (e.g., UEs, wireless devices, or any other type of communication equipment) or components thereof, and involves at least a portion of the functionality being implemented as an implementation of one or more virtual components (e.g., via one or more applications, components, functions, virtual machines, or containers executed on one or more physical processing nodes in one or more networks).

[0217] In some embodiments, some or all of the functionality described herein may be implemented as virtual components executed by one or more virtual machines implemented in one or more virtual environments 300 hosted by one or more hardware nodes 330. Further, in embodiments where the virtual node is not a radio access node or does not require a radio connection (e.g., a core network node), the network node may be fully virtualized.

[0218] The functionality may be implemented by one or more applications 320 (which may alternatively be referred to as software instances, virtual devices, network functions, virtual nodes, virtual network functions, etc.), which are operable to implement some of the features, functions, and / or benefits of the embodiments disclosed herein. The applications 320 run in a virtualization environment 300 that provides hardware 330 including processing circuitry 360 and memory 390. The memory 390 contains instructions 395 executable by the processing circuitry 360, wherein the applications 320 are operable to provide one or more of the features, benefits, and / or functions disclosed herein.

[0219] The virtualization environment 300 includes general-purpose or special-purpose network hardware devices 330, which include one or more processors or processing circuitry 360, which may be commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) processors, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), or any other type of processing circuitry including digital or analog hardware components or special-purpose processors. Each hardware device may include a memory 390-1, which may be a non-persistent memory for temporarily storing instructions 395 or software executed by the processing circuitry 360. Each hardware device may include one or more network interface controllers (NICs) 370 (also referred to as network interface cards), which include physical network interfaces 380. Each hardware device may also include a non-transitory, persistent machine-readable storage medium 390-2 in which software 395 and / or instructions executable by the processing circuitry 360 are stored. Software 395 may include any type of software, including software for instantiating one or more virtualization layers 350 (also called a hypervisor), software for executing virtual machine 340, and software that allows the execution of the functions, features, and / or benefits described in connection with some of the embodiments described herein.

[0220] Virtual machine 340 includes virtual processing, virtual memory, virtual networking or interfaces, and virtual storage, and can be run by a corresponding virtualization layer 350 or hypervisor. Different embodiments of instances of virtual device 320 may be implemented on one or more virtual machines 340, and these implementations may be carried out in different ways.

[0221] During operation, the processing circuitry 360 executes the software 395 of the instantiation management program or virtualization layer 350, which may sometimes be referred to as the virtual machine monitor (VMM). The virtualization layer 350 can present a virtual operating platform that appears to the virtual machine 340 as network hardware.

[0222] like Figure 14 As shown, hardware 330 can be a standalone network node with general or specific components. Hardware 330 may include antenna 3225 and may implement some functions via virtualization. Alternatively, hardware 330 may be part of a larger hardware cluster (e.g., in a data center or customer premises equipment (CPE)) in which many hardware nodes work together and are managed via management and orchestration (MANO) 3100, which in particular oversees the lifecycle management of application 320.

[0223] Hardware virtualization is sometimes referred to as Network Functions Virtualization (NFV). NFV can be used to consolidate many types of network devices into industry-standard high-capacity server hardware, physical switches, and physical storage devices, which can reside in data centers and client terminal devices.

[0224] In the context of NFV, virtual machine 340 can be a software implementation of a physical machine, and its running programs are as if they were running on a physical, non-virtualized machine. Each virtual machine 340 and the portion of hardware 330 that executes that virtual machine (i.e., hardware dedicated to that virtual machine and / or hardware shared by that virtual machine and other virtual machines 340) form a separate virtual network element (VNE).

[0225] Still within the context of NFV, a Virtual Network Function (VNF) is responsible for handling specific network functions running in one or more virtual machines 340 on top of the hardware network infrastructure 330, and corresponds to... Figure 15 Application 320.

[0226] In some embodiments, one or more radio units 3200 may be coupled to one or more antennas 3225, wherein each radio unit 3200 includes one or more transmitters 3220 and one or more receivers 3210. The radio unit 3200 may communicate directly with the hardware node 330 via one or more suitable network interfaces and may be combined with virtual components to provide a radio-capable virtual node, such as a radio access node or base station.

[0227] In some embodiments, some signaling may be implemented using the control system 3230, which may alternatively be used for communication between the hardware node 330 and the radio unit 3200.

[0228] Reference Figure 15 According to an embodiment, the communication system includes a telecommunications network 410 (such as a 3GPP-type cellular network), which includes an access network 411 (such as a radio access network) and a core network 414. The access network 411 includes multiple base stations 412a, 412b, and 412c, such as NB, eNB, GNB, or other types of wireless access points, each base station 412a, 412b, and 412c defining a corresponding coverage area 413a, 413b, and 413c. Each base station 412a, 412b, and 412c can be connected to the core network 414 via a wired or wireless connection 415. A first UE 491 located in coverage area 413c is configured to wirelessly connect to or be paged by the corresponding base station 412c. A second UE 492 located in coverage area 413a can wirelessly connect to the corresponding base station 412a. Although multiple UEs 491 and 492 are shown in this example, the disclosed embodiments are equally applicable to situations where a single UE is in a coverage area or a single UE is connected to the corresponding base station 412.

[0229] Telecommunications network 410 is itself connected to host computer 430, which may be implemented in the hardware and / or software of a standalone server, a cloud-implemented server, a distributed server, or as a processing resource in a server cluster. Host computer 430 may be owned or controlled by a service provider or may be operated by or on behalf of the service provider. Connections 421 and 422 between telecommunications network 410 and host computer 430 may extend directly from core network 414 to host computer 430 or may be made via optional intermediate network 420. Intermediate network 420 may be one or more public, private, or host networks; if any, intermediate network 420 may be a backbone network or the Internet; in particular, intermediate network 420 may include two or more subnetworks (not shown).

[0230] Figure 15The communication system as a whole enables connectivity between the connected UEs 491, 492 and the host computer 430. This connectivity can be described as an over-the-top (OTT) connection 450. The host computer 430 and the connected UEs 491, 492 are configured to use access network 411, core network 414, any intermediate network 420, and possibly further infrastructure (not shown) as intermediaries to transmit data and / or signaling via the OTT connection 450. The OTT connection 450 can be transparent in the sense that the participating communication devices traversed by the OTT connection 450 are unaware of the routes for uplink and downlink communications. For example, the base station 412 may not need to be informed of the past routes of input downlink communications originating from the host computer 430 and to be forwarded (e.g., handed over) to the connected UE 491. Similarly, the base station 412 does not need to know the future routes of output uplink communications originating from the UE 491 toward the host computer 430.

[0231] Figure 16 An example host computer is shown that communicates with a user equipment via a base station through a partial wireless connection according to certain embodiments. Reference will now be made to... Figure 16 This section describes an example implementation of the embodiments of the UE, base station, and host computer discussed in the preceding paragraphs. In the communication system 500, the host computer 510 includes hardware 515 including a communication interface 516 configured to establish and maintain wired or wireless connections with different communication devices of the communication system 500. The host computer 510 also includes processing circuitry 518, which may have storage and / or processing capabilities. Specifically, the processing circuitry 518 may include one or more programmable processors, application-specific integrated circuits, field-programmable gate arrays, or combinations of these (not shown) suitable for executing instructions. The host computer 510 also includes software 511, which is stored in or accessible by the host computer 510 and executable by the processing circuitry 518. The software 511 includes a host application 512. The host application 512 may be operable to provide services to remote users, such as UE 530 connected via an OTT connection 550 terminated at UE 530 and host computer 510. When providing services to remote users, host application 512 can provide user data sent using OTT connection 550.

[0232] The communication system 500 also includes a base station 520, which is provided in the telecommunications system and includes hardware 525 enabling the base station 520 to communicate with the host computer 510 and the UE 530. Hardware 525 may include a communication interface 526 for establishing and maintaining wired or wireless connections with different communication devices of the communication system 500, and for establishing and maintaining connections at least with areas within the coverage area served by the base station 520 (in... Figure 16 The radio interface 527 of the UE 530 (not shown) is the wireless connection 570. The communication interface 526 can be configured to facilitate a connection 560 to the host computer 510. The connection 560 can be direct, or it can traverse the core network of the telecommunications system (in...). Figure 16 (Not shown) and / or one or more intermediate networks outside the telecommunications system. In the illustrated embodiment, the hardware 525 of base station 520 also includes processing circuitry 528, which may include one or more programmable processors, application-specific integrated circuits, field-programmable gate arrays, or combinations of these (not shown) adapted to execute instructions. Base station 520 also includes software 521 stored internally or accessible via an external connection.

[0233] The communication system 500 also includes the previously mentioned UE 530. Its hardware 535 may include a radio interface 537 configured to establish and maintain a wireless connection 570 with a base station serving the coverage area where the UE 530 is currently located. The hardware 535 of the UE 530 also includes processing circuitry 538, which may include one or more programmable processors, application-specific integrated circuits, field-programmable gate arrays, or combinations of these (not shown) suitable for executing instructions. The UE 530 also includes software 531, which is stored in or accessible by the UE 530 and executable by the processing circuitry 538. The software 531 includes a client application 532. The client application 532 may be operable to provide services to human or non-human users via the UE 530 with the support of a host computer 510. In the host computer 510, a host application 512 executing may communicate with the executing client application 532 via an OTT connection 550 terminated at both the UE 530 and the host computer 510. When providing services to a user, client application 532 can receive request data from host application 512 and provide user data in response to the request data. OTT connection 550 can transmit both request data and user data. Client application 532 can interact with the user to generate the user data it provides.

[0234] Notice, Figure 16 The host computer 510, base station 520, and UE 530 shown can be respectively connected to Figure 15One of the host computer 430, base stations 412a, 412b, and 412c, and one of the UEs 491 and 492 are similar to or the same. That is to say, the internal workings of these entities can be as follows: Figure 16 As shown, and independently, the surrounding network topology can be Figure 15 The network topology.

[0235] exist Figure 16 In this diagram, OTT connection 550 is abstractly depicted to illustrate communication between host computer 510 and UE 530 via base station 520, without explicitly referencing any intermediate devices and the precise routes of messages via those devices. The network infrastructure can determine the routes and can be configured to hide routes from UE 530 or the service provider operating host computer 510, or both. When OTT connection 550 is active, the network infrastructure can also make decisions to dynamically change the routes (e.g., based on network load balancing considerations or reconfiguration).

[0236] The wireless connection 570 between UE 530 and base station 520 is based on the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure. One or more embodiments in the various embodiments improve the performance of OTT services provided to UE 530 using the wireless connection 570 to form the final segment of the OTT connection 550. More precisely, the teachings of these embodiments can improve signal overhead and reduce latency, thereby providing benefits such as reduced user wait time, better response, and extended battery life.

[0237] Measurement procedures can be provided for monitoring data rates, latency, and other factors improved in one or more embodiments. Optional network functions may also exist for reconfiguring the OTT connection 550 between host computer 510 and UE 530 in response to changes in measurement results. The measurement procedures and / or the network functions for reconfiguring the OTT connection 550 may be implemented in the software 511 and hardware 515 of host computer 510, or in the software 531 and hardware 535 of UE 530, or both. In embodiments, sensors (not shown) may be deployed in or associated with communication equipment through which the OTT connection 550 traverses; the sensors may participate in the measurement procedures by supplying values ​​of the monitored quantities illustrated above, or by supplying values ​​of other physical quantities from which the software 511, 531 can calculate or estimate the monitored quantities. Reconfiguration of the OTT connection 550 may include message formatting, retransmission settings, preferred routing, etc.; reconfiguration does not need to affect base station 520, and the reconfiguration may be unknown or imperceptible to base station 520. Such procedures and functions are known and practiced in the art. In some embodiments, the measurement results may involve proprietary UE signaling that facilitates measurements of throughput, propagation time, latency, etc., of the host computer 510. Measurements can be implemented because software 511 and 531 enables messages (particularly empty or “fake” messages) to be sent using OTT connection 550 while simultaneously monitoring propagation time, errors, etc.

[0238] Figure 17 A flowchart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system according to one embodiment is shown. The communication system includes a host computer, a base station, and a UE, which may be a reference. Figure 15 and Figure 16 The host computer, base station, and UE described herein. For the sake of simplicity in this disclosure, only... Figure 17 The reference numerals for the accompanying drawings will be included in this section.

[0239] In step 610, the host computer provides user data. In sub-step 611 of step 610 (which may be optional), the host computer provides user data by executing a host application. In step 620, the host computer initiates a transmission carrying user data to the UE. In step 630 (which may be optional), in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure, the base station sends the user data carried in the host computer-initiated transmission to the UE. In step 640 (which may also be optional), the UE executes a client application associated with the host application executed by the host computer.

[0240] Figure 18 This is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system according to one embodiment. The communication system includes a host computer, a base station, and a UE, which may be a reference... Figure 15 and Figure 16 The host computer, base station, and UE described herein. For the sake of simplicity in this disclosure, only... Figure 18 The reference numerals for the accompanying drawings will be included in this section.

[0241] In step 710 of the method, the host computer provides user data. In an optional sub-step (not shown), the host computer provides user data by executing a host application. In step 720, the host computer initiates a transmission carrying user data to the UE. According to the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure, the transmission may be carried out via a base station. In step 730 (which may be optional), the UE receives the user data carried in the transmission.

[0242] Figure 19 This is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system according to one embodiment. The communication system includes a host computer, a base station, and a UE, which may be a reference... Figure 15 and Figure 16 The host computer, base station, and UE described herein. For the sake of simplicity in this disclosure, only... Figure 19 The reference numerals for the accompanying drawings will be included in this section.

[0243] In step 810 (which may be optional), the UE receives input data provided by the host computer. Additionally or alternatively, in step 820, the UE provides user data. In sub-step 821 of step 820 (which may be optional), the UE provides user data by executing a client application. In sub-step 811 of step 810 (which may be optional), the UE executes a client application that provides user data as a response to received input data provided by the host computer. When providing user data, the executed client application may also consider user input received from the user. Regardless of the specific manner in which user data is provided, in sub-step 830 (which may be optional), the UE initiates the transmission of user data to the host computer. In step 840 of the method, the host computer receives user data sent from the UE, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure.

[0244] Figure 20 This is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system according to one embodiment. The communication system includes a host computer, a base station, and a UE, which may be a reference... Figure 15 and Figure 16 The host computer, base station, and UE described herein. For the sake of simplicity in this disclosure, only... Figure 20 The reference numerals for the accompanying drawings will be included in this section.

[0245] In step 910 (which may be optional), the base station receives user data from the UE in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure. In step 920 (which may be optional), the base station initiates a transmission of the received user data to the host computer. In step 930 (which may be optional), the host computer receives the user data carried in the transmission initiated by the base station.

[0246] The term "unit" may have the conventional meaning in the field of electronic devices, electrical equipment, and / or electronic equipment, and may include, for example, electrical and / or electronic circuits, devices, modules, processors, memories, logic solid-state and / or discrete devices, computer programs or instructions for performing corresponding tasks, processes, calculations, outputs, and / or display functions, such as those described herein.

[0247] Modifications, additions, or omissions may be made to the systems and apparatuses disclosed herein without departing from the scope of the invention. Components of the systems and apparatuses may be integrated or separated. Moreover, the operation of the systems and apparatuses may be performed by more, fewer, or other components. Furthermore, the operation of the systems and apparatuses may be performed using any suitable logic, including software, hardware, and / or other logic. As used in this document, "each" means each member of a set or each member of a subset of a set.

[0248] Modifications, additions, or omissions may be made to the methods disclosed herein without departing from the scope of the invention. The method may include more, fewer, or other steps. Furthermore, the steps may be performed in any suitable order.

[0249] The foregoing description sets forth many specific details. However, it should be understood that embodiments can be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known circuits, structures, and techniques have not been shown in detail so as not to obscure the understanding of this description. Those skilled in the art with regard to the included description will be able to implement appropriate functionality without excessive experimentation.

[0250] References to "an embodiment," "embodiment," "example embodiment," etc., in the specification indicate that the described embodiment may include a specific feature, structure, or characteristic; however, each embodiment need not necessarily include that specific feature, structure, or characteristic. Furthermore, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Further, when a specific feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is assumed that implementing such a feature, structure, or characteristic in conjunction with other embodiments, whether explicitly described or not, is within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.

[0251] Although this disclosure has been described with reference to certain embodiments, changes and substitutions to the embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the above description of the embodiments does not limit this disclosure. Other changes, substitutions, and alterations are possible without departing from the scope and meaning of this disclosure as defined in the following claims.

Claims

1. A method performed by a wireless device, the method comprising: Receive (1212) wireless signals on all subcarriers allocated to the wireless device. The signal Includes a phase tracking reference signal PT-RS on a subset of subcarriers allocated to the wireless device, the subset comprising at least one non-contiguous subcarrier; Use the received signal convolution matrix Based on the PT-RS and channel estimation, calculate the (1214) inter-carrier interference (ICI) filter; as well as The ICI de-filter (1216) is applied to the received signal. To generate the ICI-filtered signal.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The convolution matrix Including the received signals The subsampled convolution matrix, wherein the subsampled convolution matrix is ​​generated based on a set of subcarrier indexes specifying the positions of symbols of the PT-RS.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein, Calculating the ICI removal filter includes: using the subsampled convolution matrix to calculate the least-squares estimate of the ICI removal filter.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein, The least-squares estimate of the ICI de-filter is constrained.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein, The least-squares estimate of the ICI de-filter is constrained by any one or more of the unit norm, unit modulus center tap, unit modulus, and perfect autocorrelation.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising: Based on the ICI-filtered signal and the PT-RS, update the noise variance (1218).

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, The length of the ICI de-filter is based on the expected ICI quantity.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, The wireless device includes more than one receiving antenna.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein, All of the above-mentioned more than one receiving antenna are associated with a local oscillator, and the same de-ICI filter is used for each receiving antenna.

10. The method according to claim 8, wherein, The first subset of more than one receiving antenna is associated with a first local oscillator, the second subset of more than one receiving antenna is associated with a second local oscillator, and a first de-ICI filter is used for the first subset of receiving antennas, and a second de-ICI filter is used for the second subset of receiving antennas.

11. A wireless device (110) comprising a wireless communication interface (114) and a processing circuit (120), the processing circuit being operable to: Receive wireless signals on all subcarriers allocated to the wireless device. The signal Includes a phase tracking reference signal PT-RS on a subset of subcarriers allocated to the wireless device, the subset comprising at least one non-contiguous subcarrier; Use the received signal convolution matrix Based on the PT-RS and channel estimation, calculate the inter-carrier interference (ICI) filter; as well as Apply the de-ICI filter to the received signal. To generate the ICI-filtered signal.

12. The wireless device according to claim 11, wherein, The convolution matrix Including the received signals The subsampled convolution matrix, wherein the subsampled convolution matrix is ​​generated based on a set of subcarrier indexes specifying the positions of symbols of the PT-RS.

13. The wireless device according to claim 12, wherein, The processing circuitry is operable to compute the de-ICI filter by using the subsampled convolution matrix to compute a least-squares estimate of the de-ICI filter.

14. The wireless device according to claim 13, wherein, The least-squares estimate of the ICI de-filter is constrained.

15. The wireless device according to claim 14, wherein, The least-squares estimate of the ICI de-filter is constrained by any one or more of the unit norm, unit modulus center tap, unit modulus sum, and perfect autocorrelation.

16. The wireless device according to any one of claims 11 to 15, wherein, The processing circuitry is further operable to update the noise variance based on the de-ICI filtered signal and the PT-RS.

17. The wireless device according to any one of claims 11 to 15, wherein, The length of the ICI de-filter is based on the expected ICI quantity.

18. The wireless device according to any one of claims 11 to 15, wherein, The wireless communication interface includes more than one receiving antenna.

19. The wireless device according to claim 18, wherein, All of the above-mentioned more than one receiving antenna are associated with a local oscillator, and the same de-ICI filter is used for each receiving antenna.

20. The wireless device according to claim 18, wherein, The first subset of more than one receiving antenna is associated with a first local oscillator, the second subset of more than one receiving antenna is associated with a second local oscillator, and a first de-ICI filter is used for the first subset of receiving antennas, and a second de-ICI filter is used for the second subset of receiving antennas.

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