A vegetation connection protection structure and restoration method for a highway crossing a mangrove area

Abstract

The application relates to a vegetation connectivity protection structure for a highway passing through a mangrove area and relates to the field of environmental protection.The device comprises a plurality of planting pits arranged on the side slopes of the highway respectively, a roadbed range is arranged according to the highway route design, and a drainage cushion layer is arranged on the roadbed.The water system in the soil of the wetland base on the two sides of the roadbed is connected through the cooperation of the pebble stone cage water collecting ditch, the drain pipe and the drainage pipe in the roadbed.The main framework, the back-shaped frame and the greening planting box are welded through the arrangement of the pre-buried anchor on the side slope, so that the greening planting box can be stably placed on the side slope, and the trees can be transplanted, that is, the connectivity protection structure can maximize the protection of the mangrove plants in the land occupied by the highway, the plants can be reused as much as possible for greening recovery, and the new water-permeable roadbed is adopted, so that the water system connectivity of the whole area of the mangrove on the two sides of the road is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of environmental protection technology, and in particular to a vegetation connectivity protection structure and restoration method for highways crossing mangrove areas. Background Technology

[0002] There are two origins for the name "mangrove forest". First, most of the trees in the forest are members of the Rhizophoraceae family, which gets its name from the red mangrove because its petioles and flowers are red. Second, each member of the Rhizophoraceae family contains tannins in its wood. Once the wood comes into contact with air, the tannins oxidize and turn red or reddish-brown, thus giving rise to the name Rhizophoraceae family and even mangrove forest.

[0003] Mangroves play a vital role in purifying seawater, preventing wind and waves, maintaining biodiversity, and sequestering and storing carbon. When a highway route passes through a mangrove area, in order to protect the mangroves as much as possible, it is necessary to design a vegetation connectivity and protection structure for the highway crossing the mangrove area. This structure uses green planting troughs on the roadbed slope and connectivity structures on the roadbed to form the entire vegetation connectivity and protection structure for the highway crossing the mangrove area, so as to reuse the mangroves for greening and restoration as much as possible. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the existing technical problems, this application provides a vegetation connectivity and protection structure for highways crossing mangrove areas.

[0005] This application provides a vegetation connectivity and protection structure for a highway crossing a mangrove area, employing the following technical solution: A vegetation connectivity and protection structure for a highway crossing a mangrove area includes multiple planting pits respectively set at the top of two slopes, a roadbed set between the two slopes, a drainage cushion layer laid on top of the roadbed, two rows of planting pits respectively communicating with both sides of the drainage cushion layer, pebble gabion drainage ditches installed on both sides of the top of the drainage cushion layer, mangrove wetland base soil laid between the pebble gabion drainage ditches and the adjacent slope, multiple rows of pre-embedded bolts pre-embedded in the top of the drainage cushion layer, each row having no less than three pre-embedded bolts, drainage pipes sleeved on the surface of adjacent rows of pre-embedded bolts, nuts tightly fitted to the drainage pipes connected to the threads of the pre-embedded bolts, and a reinforced crushed stone roadbed layer set between each pebble gabion drainage ditch, the reinforced crushed stone roadbed layer including drainage pipes, reinforcing bars and crushed stone. The mixed material and drainage subbase have multiple sets of pre-embedded anchors on both sides, which penetrate into the inner cavity of the planting pit. The inner cavity of the planting pit is equipped with two sets of main frames, upper and lower. The lower main frame is welded to two pre-embedded anchors respectively. A U-shaped frame is welded to the side of the two main frames away from the pre-embedded anchors. Additional reinforcement bars are welded horizontally to the inner cavity of the U-shaped frame and to the bottom and front and back of the two main frames. There is no less than one additional reinforcement bar. The inner cavity enclosed by the main frame, the U-shaped frame and the additional reinforcement bars contains a greening planting box. The greening planting box consists of two parts, separated by a plant fiber compression degradation layer. One side is a transplanting box. The side wall of the transplanting box near the mangrove wetland base soil has multiple permeable holes. The inner cavity of the transplanting box is the space between the permeable holes and the plant fiber compression degradation layer. A water-stabilized layer is laid on top of the reinforced crushed stone road base, and an asphalt layer is laid on top of the water-stabilized layer.

[0006] By adopting the above technical solution, this invention uses the combined use of pebble gabion water collection ditches, drainage pipes, and drainage pipes to allow water from the road surface to be discharged to both sides, thereby connecting the two slopes. Through the setting of pre-embedded anchors, the main frame, U-shaped frame, and greening planting boxes can be welded together, and then the greening planting boxes can be placed, thereby allowing trees to be transplanted. This achieves the goal of maximizing the protection of mangrove plants within the road's land area through the interconnected protection structure, reusing the plants as much as possible for greening restoration, and using a new type of permeable roadbed to ensure the water system connectivity of the entire mangrove area on both sides of the road.

[0007] Preferably, the roadbed is specifically laid with a multi-layer reinforced crushed stone subbase, with a subbase thickness of 30-50cm and a particle size of 10-30mm.

[0008] Preferably, the length of the pebble gabion water collection ditch is determined according to the length of the mangrove area it traverses, the width is 30-50cm, the height is 30cm, the pebble size is 10-20cm, large pebbles, and the pebble gabion water collection ditch and the mangrove wetland base soil are at the same height.

[0009] Preferably, the drain pipes are arranged at intervals of 5 - 10 m along the roadbed cross-section (perpendicular to the route direction). They are precast concrete (or steel, with asphalt coating inside and outside) transverse long-column U-shaped drain troughs. The drain pipes are connected to the pebble gabion catch basins on both sides of the road. Their height is 30 - 40 cm, the width of the drain pipe slot mouth is 3 - 6 cm, and the top of the drain pipe is 5 - 10 cm higher than the pebble gabion catch basin on the same side.

[0010] Preferably, the drain pipes have a diameter of 1 - 2 cm. The drain pipes are corrugated pipes or pipes made of other materials, and are placed before and after in the pebble gabion catch basins.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, through the arrangement of placing the drain pipes before and after in the pebble gabion catch basins, it plays a role in protecting the connectivity at both ends of the drain pipes, avoiding sediment from entering the inner cavity of the drain pipes, thus causing blockage of the drain pipes.

[0012] Preferably, the reinforced gravel subgrade can be multi-layered. One drain pipe is arranged at a horizontal distance interval of 20 - 50 cm, and the number of drain pipes longitudinally is determined according to the number of layers of the reinforced gravel roadbed.

[0013] Preferably, the pore diameter of the water-permeable holes is 0.5 - 2 mm, and the inner 5 cm of the water-permeable holes is a plant fiber compression degradation layer.

[0014] Preferably, installation openings are provided around the top of the inner cavity of the transplant box.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, through the setting of the installation openings, it plays a convenient role in placing the greening planting box in the inner cavity surrounded by the main skeleton, the return frame and the additional ribs, facilitating hoisting and transportation and slope installation and fixation.

[0016] This application also provides a restoration method for the vegetation connectivity protection structure of the above highway passing through the mangrove area, including the following steps:

[0017] Step (1) When the highway route passes through the area, during the subgrade surface cleaning construction stage, transfer and protect the suitable mangrove community plants within the route occupation area. Specifically, transplant the mangrove community plants into the greening planting boxes.

[0018] Step (2) Transplant and temporarily plant in the natural area near the roadbed occupation area suitable for the growth of mangroves. The temporary planting pits where the greening planting boxes are placed need to be consistent with the slope of the slope of the section to be constructed.

[0019] Step (3) Construction of the road section crossing the mangrove area: First, the roadbed, drainage cushion layer, pre-embedded bolts and pre-embedded anchors are constructed. Then, the drainage pipe is installed on the surface of the pre-embedded bolts with nuts. Next, pebble gabion collection ditches are installed on the top of the drainage cushion layer, i.e. on both sides of the drainage pipe. Then, mangrove wetland base soil is filled between the pebble gabion collection ditches and the slope. Then, reinforced crushed stone structure road base is laid and installed between each pebble gabion collection ditch. The longitudinal slope of the reinforced crushed stone structure road base is consistent with the original terrain on both sides of the route and is orthogonal to the route in plane. A certain slope is set for the elevation difference on both sides of the road base, which is to facilitate drainage to one side by the elevation difference between the upper side (one side is upstream) and the lower side (one side is downstream) of the original mangrove forest on both sides of the road. The reinforced crushed stone structure road base is axially pre-cambered to prevent the foundation settlement from affecting the drainage performance of the pipeline. The water-stabilized layer and the asphalt layer are laid in sequence to complete the construction of the highway.

[0020] Step (4) Vegetation restoration: Weld the main frame, the U-shaped frame and the additional reinforcement. Then place the greening planting box containing the mangrove community plants that have survived the temporary planting in the inner cavity of the planting pit formed by the main frame, the U-shaped frame and the additional reinforcement. Secure the greening planting box with iron wire or other parts through the installation port. Then transplant the mangrove community plants to be protected in step (2) into the inner cavity of the planting pit that matches the greening planting box (14). The space between the water-permeable holes and the plant fiber compression degradation layer is temporarily left empty during the temporary planting. Then fill it with organic matter, water-retaining agent and nutrient slow-release agent to provide nutrients for the vegetation and induce the plant roots to extend to the porous and densely packed structural layer and the road slope. As the plants grow in the greening trough, the degradation layer gradually degrades. The plant roots grow to the road soil slope through the nutrient induction behind the degradation layer. After the roots penetrate the slope, the greening trough and the entire slope are stabilized and reinforced by the plant roots, while improving the greening effect of the slope.

[0021] Preferably, the volume ratio of the substrate in the greening planting box is sea mud: sea sand: red soil: polyacrylamide: wood ash = 10: (1.5-2.5): (1.5-2): (0.3-0.5): (1-2); the volume ratio of the substrate in the space between the permeable hole (142) and the plant fiber compression degradation layer (143) is sea mud: sea sand: acetonitrile: wood ash = 10: (1.5-2.5): (0.1-0.2): (2.5-3).

[0022] In summary, the beneficial technical effects of this application are as follows:

[0023] 1. This invention utilizes a combination of pebble gabion water collection ditches, drainage pipes, and drainage pipes to allow water from the road surface to drain to both sides, thereby connecting the two slopes. Through the installation of pre-embedded anchors, the main frame, U-shaped frame, and greening planting boxes can be welded together, enabling the rapid placement and greening of the planting boxes on the slopes. This allows for the transplanting and protection of native trees, achieving the goal of maximizing the protection of mangrove plants within the road's footprint through a connected protective structure. It also allows for the reuse of plants for greening restoration and, by employing a new type of permeable roadbed, ensures the connectivity of the water system within the overall mangrove area on both sides of the road.

[0024] 2. The present invention places the drainage pipe at both ends in the pebble gabion water collection ditch, which protects the two ends of the drainage pipe and prevents mud and sand from entering the inner cavity of the drainage pipe and causing blockage.

[0025] 3. The invention, through the setting of the installation port, facilitates the placement of the greening planting box in the cavity formed by the main frame, the U-shaped frame and the additional reinforcement, which is convenient for hoisting, transportation and slope installation and fixation.

[0026] 4. Drainage pipes and drainage pipes are buried in the roadbed. Their main function is to connect the water system in the wetland base soil on both sides of the roadbed, so that water in the water system located at a higher level on one side of the roadbed can flow to the water system located at a lower level on the other side of the roadbed. This creates connectivity and prevents the water system on both sides from being blocked due to the artificial filling and construction of the roadbed.

[0027] 5. When a highway crosses a mangrove wetland area, the most direct impact on the connectivity of the mangrove wetland water system is reflected in the impact on the connectivity of the structure. In the rainfall observation test, the water level on one side (upstream) of the highway did not rise rapidly or local water stagnation occurred, while the water level on the other side (downstream) dropped without local stagnation. This indicates that the structure of this application has good connectivity and maintains good connectivity even with superior mechanical bearing capacity.

[0028] 6. This application sets up two areas in the planting trough, with different substrate ratios, combining the growth characteristics of mangroves with the proprietary nature of the device in this application. The substrate ratio in the greening planting box is sea mud: sea sand: red soil: polyacrylamide: wood ash = 10:(1.5-2.5):(1.5-2):(0.3-0.5):(1-2), which can improve the survival rate of mangrove plant communities after transplanting. Among them, polyacrylamide is used as an additive for water and fertilizer retention, and wood ash also has a water-holding function and a slow-release effect of nutrients. After the greening planting box is returned to the slope trough, according to the vegetation connectivity characteristics of the slope, water can be kept in the box through the water connection structure. The addition of water and fertilizer retention agents to the substrate composed of sea mud can further maintain the roots in a high humidity range, promote the root growth of mangrove plants, and improve the survival rate.

[0029] 7. The substrate ratio of permeable holes and degradation layer is adjusted to marine mud: marine sand: uniconazole: wood ash = 10:(1.5-2.5):(0.1-0.2):(2.5-3) to consider the structural characteristics of the permeable holes and vegetation connection on the slope side. Both wood ash and marine mud can promote the slow release of nutrients in the substrate. Uniconazole can further promote root induction, quickly inducing the roots of the mangrove community plants after survival and recovery to continue rooting between the permeable holes and the plant fiber compression degradation layer, promoting the formation of slope stabilization capacity. At the same time, uniconazole also has the effect of dwarfing plants and promoting rooting. When used in conjunction with greening planting troughs fixed on the slope, it can further inhibit excessive growth and promote root growth, thereby achieving the greening effect of stabilizing the slope. Attached Figure Description

[0030] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the application and to make other features, objects, and advantages of the application more apparent. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this application are used to explain the application and do not constitute an undue limitation of the application. In the drawings:

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the main three-dimensional part of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the front-view three-dimensional cross-sectional structure of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 3 This is the present invention. Figure 2 A magnified structural diagram of A in the diagram.

[0034] Figure 4 This is the present invention. Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of B in the diagram.

[0035] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the greening planting box of the present invention.

[0036] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Slope; 2. Roadbed; 3. Drainage subbase; 4. Gravel gabion drainage ditch; 5. Mangrove wetland base soil; 6. Embedded bolt; 7. Drainage pipe; 8. Nut; 9. Reinforced crushed stone roadbed; 91. Drainage pipe; 92. Reinforcing steel; 93. Crushed stone mixture; 10. Embedded anchor; 11. Main frame; 12. U-shaped frame; 13. Additional reinforcement; 14. Green planting box; 141. Transplanting box; 142. Permeable hole; 143. Plant fiber compression degradation layer; 144. Installation port; 15. Water-stabilized layer; 16. Asphalt layer. Detailed Implementation

[0037] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0038] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate for the embodiments of this application described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0039] In this application, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," "rear," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "middle," "vertical," "horizontal," "lateral," and "longitudinal" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are primarily for the purpose of better describing this application and its embodiments, and are not intended to limit the indicated device, element, or component to having a specific orientation, or to be constructed and operated in a specific orientation.

[0040] Furthermore, in addition to indicating location or positional relationship, some of the aforementioned terms may also have other meanings. For example, the term "above" may also be used in some cases to indicate a certain dependency or connection relationship. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of these terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0041] In addition, the term "multiple" should mean two or more.

[0042] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. This application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0043] Example 1:

[0044] Combination Figure 1 and Figure 5This application discloses a vegetation connectivity and protection structure for a highway traversing a mangrove area. It includes multiple planting pits set at the top of two slopes 1, with a roadbed 2 between the two slopes 1. The roadbed 2 is specifically constructed by laying multiple layers of reinforced crushed stone, 40cm thick with a particle size of 15mm. A drainage layer 3 is laid on top of the roadbed 2. The two rows of planting pits are connected to both sides of the drainage layer 3. Pebble gabion drainage ditches 4 are installed on both sides of the top of the drainage layer 3. Mangrove wetland base soil 5 is laid between the pebble gabion drainage ditch 4 and one of the adjacent slopes 1. The length of the pebble gabion drainage ditch 4 is determined according to the length of the traversed mangrove area, with a width of 40cm, a height of 30cm, and pebble particle size of 15cm. 4. The mangrove wetland base soil 5 is at the same height. Multiple rows of pre-embedded bolts 6 are pre-embedded on the top of the drainage cushion layer 3, with no fewer than three bolts in each row. Drainage pipes 7 are fitted onto the surfaces of adjacent rows of pre-embedded bolts 6. Precast concrete or steel transverse drainage channels, coated with asphalt inside and out, are installed every 6 meters along the roadbed cross-section perpendicular to the roadway every 6 meters. The drainage pipes 7 connect to the pebble gabion collection ditches 4 on both sides of the road, with a height of 35 cm and a channel width of 5 cm. Nuts 8, which fit tightly against the drainage pipes 7, are threaded onto the surfaces of the pre-embedded bolts 6. A reinforced crushed stone roadbed 9 is installed between each pebble gabion collection ditch 4. The reinforced crushed stone roadbed 9 includes drainage pipes 91, reinforcing bars 92, and crushed stone mixture 93. The structure can be multi-layered. Drainage pipes 91 are installed at 30cm horizontal intervals. The number of drainage pipes 91 in the longitudinal direction depends on the number of layers of the reinforced crushed stone subgrade. Multiple sets of pre-embedded anchors 10 are pre-embedded on both sides of the drainage layer 3. The pre-embedded anchors 10 penetrate into the inner cavity of the planting pit. The inner cavity of the planting pit is equipped with two sets of main frames 11, upper and lower. The lower main frame 11 is welded to two pre-embedded anchors 10 respectively. A U-shaped frame 12 is welded to the side of the two main frames 11 away from the pre-embedded anchors 10. Additional reinforcing bars 13 are welded horizontally to the inner cavity of the U-shaped frame 12 and to the bottom and front and back of the two main frames 11. There is at least one additional reinforcing bar 13. A greening planting box 14 is placed in the inner cavity enclosed by the main frames 11, the U-shaped frame 12, and the additional reinforcing bars 13. 14 includes a transplanting box 141. The transplanting box 141 has multiple permeable holes 142 on the side near the mangrove wetland base soil 5. The inner cavity of the transplanting box 141 is provided with a plant fiber compression degradation layer 143. The permeable holes 142 have a diameter of 1cm. The inner 5cm of the permeable holes 142 is the plant fiber compression degradation layer 143. The top of the inner cavity of the transplanting box 141 is provided with installation openings 144 on all four sides. The installation openings 144 facilitate the placement of the greening planting box 14 in the inner cavity formed by the main frame 11, the U-shaped frame 12 and the additional reinforcement 13, which is convenient for hoisting, transportation and slope installation and fixation. The top of the reinforced crushed stone structure road base 9 is covered with a water-stabilized layer 15, and the top of the water-stabilized layer 15 is covered with an asphalt layer 16.

[0045] Combination Figure 2 and Figure 3 The drainage pipe 91 has a diameter of 1 cm and is a corrugated pipe. The drainage pipe 91 is placed in the pebble gabion water collection ditch 4 at both ends. The placement of the drainage pipe 91 in the pebble gabion water collection ditch 4 at both ends protects the two ends of the drainage pipe 91 and prevents mud and sand from entering the inner cavity of the drainage pipe 91, thus preventing the drainage pipe 91 from becoming blocked.

[0046] Working Principle: In this invention, the user first protects the mangroves by temporarily planting them until transplanting. Once the roadbed 2, drainage layer 3, pre-embedded bolts 6, and pre-embedded anchors 10 are constructed, the drainage pipe 7 is installed onto the surface of the pre-embedded bolts 6 using nuts 8. This is a common existing technique and will not be elaborated upon here. Next, pebble gabion drainage ditches 4 are installed on top of the drainage layer 3, on both sides of the drainage pipes 7. Then, mangrove wetland base soil 5 is filled between the pebble gabion drainage ditches 4 and the slope 1. Finally, a reinforced crushed stone roadbed 9 is laid and installed between each pebble gabion drainage ditch 4. The longitudinal slope of the base course 9 is consistent with the original terrain on both sides of the route, and is orthogonal to the route in plane. If there is a change in elevation on both sides of the roadbed, an appropriate plane intersection angle is adopted and comprehensively determined according to the water system trend. That is, the reinforced crushed stone structure roadbed 9 is set with a certain slope, and a certain slope is set for the elevation difference on both sides of the roadbed. The slope formed by the elevation difference between the upper side (one side is upstream) and the lower side (one side is downstream) of the original mangrove forest on both sides of the road facilitates drainage to one side. The reinforced crushed stone structure roadbed 9 is set with a pre-camber in the axial direction to prevent the foundation settlement from affecting the drainage performance of the pipeline. Finally, the water-stabilized layer 15 and the asphalt layer 16 are laid in sequence to complete the construction of the highway. Then, according to Figure 4 and Figure 5 The main frame 11, the U-shaped frame 12, and the additional reinforcement 13 are welded together. Then, the greening planting box 14 is placed in the cavity enclosed by the main frame 11, the U-shaped frame 12, and the additional reinforcement 13. The greening planting box 14 can be firmly installed using wire or other parts through the installation port 144. Then, the protected trees are transplanted into the cavity of the greening planting box 14. The space between the water permeable hole 142 and the plant fiber compression degradation layer 143 is temporarily left empty during the temporary planting period. Then, organic matter, water-retaining agent, nutrient slow-release agent, etc. are filled into it to provide nutrients for the vegetation and induce the plant roots to extend into the porous and densely packed structural layer and the road slope. As the plants grow in the greening trough, the degradation layer gradually degrades. The plant roots grow into the road soil slope through the nutrient induction behind the degradation layer. After the roots penetrate the slope, the greening trough and the entire slope are stabilized and reinforced by the plant roots, while improving the greening effect of the slope.

[0047] In summary, the vegetation connectivity and protection structure of this highway traversing the mangrove area, through the combined use of pebble gabion drainage ditches 4, drainage pipes 7, and drainage pipes 91, allows water from the road surface to be discharged to both sides, thereby connecting the two slopes 1. The installation of pre-embedded anchors 10 allows for the welding of the main frame 11, the U-shaped frame 12, and the greening planting boxes 14, enabling the placement of the greening planting boxes 14 and facilitating tree transplantation. This connectivity and protection structure maximizes the protection of mangrove plants within the highway's area, allows for the reuse of plants for greening restoration, and, importantly, the adoption of a new permeable roadbed ensures the connectivity of the water system within the overall mangrove area on both sides of the road.

[0048] Example 2

[0049] A method for restoring vegetation connectivity protection structures in a highway crossing a mangrove area includes:

[0050] Step (1) When the highway route passes through the area, during the roadbed clearing and construction stage, the mangrove community plants suitable for transplantation within the area occupied by the route are transferred and protected. Specifically, the mangrove community plants are transplanted into greening planting boxes.

[0051] Step (2) Transplant the mangroves to a natural area suitable for mangrove growth near the roadbed. The planting pits where the greening planting boxes are placed must be consistent with the slope of the road section to be constructed.

[0052] Step (3) Construction of the road section crossing the mangrove area: First, the roadbed, drainage layer, pre-embedded bolts and pre-embedded anchors are constructed. Then, the drainage pipe is installed on the surface of the pre-embedded bolts with nuts. Next, pebble gabion collection ditches are installed on the top of the drainage layer, i.e. on both sides of the drainage pipe. Then, mangrove wetland base soil is filled between the pebble gabion collection ditches and the slope. Then, reinforced crushed stone roadbed is laid between each pebble gabion collection ditch. The longitudinal slope of the reinforced crushed stone roadbed is consistent with the original terrain on both sides of the route and is orthogonal to the route in plane. When there is a change in the height difference on both sides of the roadbed, an appropriate plane intersection angle is adopted and determined comprehensively according to the water system trend. That is, the reinforced crushed stone roadbed is set with a certain slope to facilitate drainage to one side due to the slope formed by the height difference between the upper and lower sides of the original mangroves on both sides of the road. The reinforced crushed stone roadbed is axially pre-cambered to prevent the impact of foundation settlement on the drainage performance of the pipeline. The water-stabilized layer and asphalt layer are laid in sequence to complete the construction of the highway.

[0053] Step (4) Vegetation restoration: Weld the main frame, the U-shaped frame and the additional reinforcement. Then place the greening planting box containing the mangrove community plants that have survived the temporary planting in the inner cavity surrounded by the main frame, the U-shaped frame and the additional reinforcement. Use wire or other parts to install the greening planting box firmly through the installation port. Then transplant the mangrove community plants to be protected in step (2) into the inner cavity that matches the greening planting box (14). The space between the water-permeable hole and the plant fiber compression degradation layer is temporarily left empty during the temporary planting. Then fill it with organic matter, water-retaining agent and nutrient slow-release agent to provide nutrients for the vegetation and induce the plant roots to extend to the porous and densely packed structural layer and the road slope. As the plants grow in the greening trough, the degradation layer gradually degrades. The plant roots grow to the road soil slope through the nutrient induction behind the degradation layer. After the roots penetrate the slope, the greening trough and the entire slope are stabilized and reinforced by the plant roots, while improving the greening effect of the slope.

[0054] The volume ratio of the substrate in the greening planting box is sea mud: sea sand: red soil: polyacrylamide: wood ash = 10: 2: 2: 0.5: 2; the volume ratio of the substrate in the space between the permeable holes and the plant fiber compression degradation layer is sea mud: sea sand: acetonitrile: wood ash = 10: 2.5: 0.1: 2.5.

[0055] Experiment 1: The Influence of Road Connectivity Design Structures and Parameters on Mechanical Properties in Different Mangrove Areas

[0056] Experimental Methods: This study mainly investigates the influence of different road connectivity design structures and parameters on mechanical properties in different mangrove areas. Specifically, the design system of this application is used to simulate rainfall runoff erosion. The raindrop diameter is selected as 5 mm, the raindrop flow velocity is 9.11 m / s, and the surface water flow depth is 100 mm. The effects of different design structures on the mechanical property parameters (tensile strength, elongation at break) of the connectivity design structure of this application are simulated and calculated. In addition, the water accumulation on both sides of the road, i.e., upstream and downstream, is observed 90 minutes after the simulated rainfall ends.

[0057] Experimental Example 1

[0058] The vegetation connection protection structure is the same as in Example 1, except that the drainage pipes are installed every 6m and are cylindrical drainage channels.

[0059] Experimental Example 2

[0060] The vegetation connection protection structure is the same as in Example 1, except that the drainage pipes are installed every 3m and are long column-shaped drainage channels.

[0061] Experimental Example 3

[0062] The vegetation connection protection structure is the same as in Example 1, except that the drainage pipes are installed every 10m and are long column-shaped drainage channels.

[0063] Test Example 4

[0064] The vegetation connection protection structure is the same as in Example 1, except that the width of the drainage pipe groove is replaced by 3cm.

[0065] Experimental Example 5

[0066] The vegetation connection protection structure is the same as in Example 1, except that the width of the drainage pipe slot is replaced by 10cm.

[0067] Experimental Example 6

[0068] The vegetation connectivity protection structure is the same as in Example 1, except that the drainage pipes are installed every 20cm.

[0069] Experimental Example 7

[0070] The vegetation connectivity protection structure is the same as in Example 1, except that the drainage pipes are installed every 50cm.

[0071] Compare with Example 1

[0072] The vegetation connectivity protection structure is the same as in Example 1, except that no drainage pipe is installed and concrete is used instead.

[0073] Compare with Example 2

[0074] The vegetation connection protection structure is the same as in Example 1, except that no pebble gabion water collection ditches are set on both sides of the drainage pipe.

[0075] Compare with Example 3

[0076] The vegetation connectivity protection structure is the same as in Example 1, except that drainage pipes are not installed and are replaced with concrete.

[0077] Table 1. Influence of road connectivity design structures and parameters on mechanical properties in different mangrove areas.

[0078] Example 1 69.30 2.35 none Experimental Example 1 67.46 2.36 none Experimental Example 2 66.92 2.44 none Experimental Example 3 70.05 2.31 have Test Example 4 69.57 2.32 have Experimental Example 5 66.45 2.42 none Experimental Example 6 67.11 2.45 none Experimental Example 7 71.41 1.92 have Compare with Example 1 72.09 2.46 have Compare with Example 2 70.12 2.44 have Compare with Example 3 70.27 2.41 have

[0079] Experimental Results: The structure of this application not only considers the vegetation connectivity requirements of the highway crossing the mangrove area, but also the impact of establishing a connected highway on its structural stability. This application cleverly utilizes the combined use of pebble gabion drainage ditches, drainage pipes, and drain pipes to allow water from the road surface to drain to both sides, thereby connecting the two slopes. Furthermore, the structure we employ, through reasonable coordination, possesses superior toughness and mechanical properties. In Example 1, the drainage pipes are arranged every 6m, with a drainage pipe opening width of 5cm, and the drainage pipe is 7cm higher than the mangrove wetland base soil on the same side. The drain pipes are arranged every 30cm, exhibiting superior mechanical performance. The tensile strength is higher than in Examples 1-10, and the elongation at break is lower, indicating that the mechanical performance parameters after simulating rainfall runoff erosion force tests using the system designed in this invention are superior.

[0080] Comparative analysis of Example 1 shows that the Z-shaped drainage pipe of this application has better mechanical properties than the cylindrical one. In Examples 2-3, as the frequency of drainage pipe installation increases, its mechanical properties decrease; conversely, as the frequency decreases, its mechanical properties improve, but the connectivity of the slope decreases during periods of heavy rainfall. In Examples 4-5, excessively narrow drainage pipes hinder large-area drainage, thus reducing connectivity; excessively wide drainage pipes significantly impact slope stability. Therefore, an appropriate drainage pipe width can enhance connectivity without affecting slope stability. Similarly, the width of the drainage pipe directly affects water system connectivity and slope stability; a suitable width maintains good regional connectivity and stability. Comparison with Examples 1-3 shows that omitting one of the three drainage structures of this application does not change the structural stability but significantly impacts the connectivity of the water area.

[0081] When a highway traverses a mangrove wetland area, the most direct impact on the connectivity of the mangrove wetland water system is reflected in the impact on the connectivity of the structure. In the case of the structure in this application, the water level on one side (upstream) of the highway did not rise rapidly or local water stagnation occurred under the observation of rainfall test, while the water level on the other side (downstream) dropped without local stagnation. This indicates that the structure in this application has good connectivity and maintains good connectivity even with superior mechanical bearing capacity.

[0082] Experiment 2: The impact of different planting trough substrates on the transplantation and restoration of mangrove vegetation

[0083] Experimental Methods: By comparing the effects of different planting trough substrates on the transplantation and recovery of vegetation when a highway traverses a mangrove area, we used commonly used mangrove cultivation substrates, such as marine mud, marine sand, and red soil, combined with water-retaining agents and nutrient slow-release agents, to study the substrate ratio suitable for inducing rooting of transplanted mangroves according to the structure of this application. Specifically, we compared different substrate ratios and transplanted mangrove community plants during clearing in protected mangrove areas. Using the recovery method in Example 2, after the highway construction was completed, the mangrove community plants to be protected were transplanted into the inner cavity of the greening planting box, with 20 plants in each treatment. The average transplant survival rate one year after transplanting and the average root length in the inner cavity between the permeable holes on the slope side of the planting box and the plant fiber compression degradation layer were measured.

[0084] Table 2. Effects of different planting trough substrates on the survival rate of transplanted mangrove vegetation.

[0085]

[0086]

[0087] Experimental results:

[0088] This application sets up two areas in the planting trough, with different substrate ratios, combining the growth characteristics of mangroves with the proprietary nature of the device. The substrate ratio in the greening planting box is sea mud: sea sand: red soil: polyacrylamide: wood ash = 10:(1.5-2.5):(1.5-2):(0.3-0.5):(1-2), which can improve the survival rate of mangrove plant communities after transplanting. Among them, polyacrylamide is used as an additive for water and fertilizer retention, and wood ash also has a water-holding function and a slow-release effect of nutrients. After the greening planting box is returned to the slope trough, according to the vegetation connectivity characteristics of the slope, water can be retained in the box through the water connection structure. The addition of water and fertilizer retention agents to the substrate composed of sea mud can further maintain the roots in a high humidity range, promote the root growth of mangrove plants, and improve the survival rate.

[0089] In addition, the ratio of marine mud: marine sand: clopidogrel: wood ash = 10:(1.5-2.5):(0.1-0.2):(2.5-3) in the permeable pores and the substrate in the degradation layer is adjusted to that of marine mud: marine sand: clopidogrel: wood ash. This is because the permeable pores on the slope side are connected to the vegetation. Both wood ash and marine mud can promote the slow release of nutrients in the substrate. Clopidogrel can further promote root induction, which can quickly induce the roots of the mangrove community plants after they have survived and recovered to continue to grow roots between the permeable pores and the plant fiber compression degradation layer, thus promoting the formation of slope stabilization capacity. At the same time, clopidogrel also has the effects of dwarfing plants, sterilization, and promoting root growth. When used in conjunction with greening planting troughs fixed on the slope, it can further inhibit excessive growth and promote root growth, thereby achieving the effect of stabilizing the slope and greening.

[0090] The comparative examples show that omitting the polyacrylamide, wood ash, or uniconazole in this application does not result in a better vegetation restoration effect on the structure of this application compared to the experimental examples.

[0091] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A vegetation connectivity and protection structure for a highway crossing a mangrove area, characterized in that: It includes multiple planting pits respectively arranged on both sides of the slope (1). A roadbed (2) is arranged between the two slopes (1). A drainage cushion layer (3) is laid on the roadbed (2). The two rows of planting pits communicate with both sides of the drainage cushion layer (3) respectively. On both sides of the top of the drainage cushion layer (3), pebble gabion catchment ditches (4) are respectively installed. The area between the pebble gabion catchment ditch (4) and the adjacent slope (1) is the mangrove wetland base soil (5). Multiple rows of embedded bolts (6) are pre-buried at the top of the drainage cushion layer (3). Each row of embedded bolts (6) has no less than three. A drain pipe (7) is sleeved on the surfaces of two adjacent rows of embedded bolts (6). A nut (8) that is tightly fitted with the drain pipe (7) is threadedly connected to the surface of the embedded bolt (6). A reinforced gravel structural road base layer (9) is arranged between the pebble gabion catchment ditches (4). The reinforced gravel structural road base layer (9) includes an outer layer of reinforced material, a drain pipe (91), a steel bar (92), and a gravel mixture (93). Multiple groups of embedded anchors (10) are pre-buried on both sides of the drainage cushion layer (3). The embedded anchors (10) penetrate into the inner cavity of the planting pit. Two upper and lower main skeletons (11) are arranged in the inner cavity of the planting pit. The lower main skeletons (11) are respectively welded to the two embedded anchors (10). A return frame (12) is welded to the side of the two main skeletons (11) away from the embedded anchors (10). An additional reinforcement (13) is horizontally welded in the inner cavity of the return frame (12). Additional reinforcements (13) are welded to the bottom and front and back between the two main skeletons (11). The number of additional reinforcements (13) is no less than one. A greening planting box (14) is placed in the inner cavity surrounded by the main skeleton (11), the return frame (12), and the additional reinforcement (13). The greening planting box (14) includes two parts, which are separated by a plant fiber compression degradation layer (143) in the middle. One side is a transplanting box (141). Multiple water-permeable holes (142) are opened on the side wall of the transplanting box (141) close to the mangrove wetland base soil (5). Inside the transplanting box (141), the space between the water-permeable holes (142) and the plant fiber compression degradation layer (143) is provided. A water stable layer (15) is paved on the top of the reinforced gravel structural road base layer (9). An asphalt layer (16) is paved on the top of the water stable layer (15); The set length of the pebble gabion catchment ditch (4) is determined according to the length of the mangrove area it crosses. The width is 30 - 50 cm, the height is 30 cm, and the pebble particle size is 10 - 20 cm. The pebble gabion catchment ditch (4) and the mangrove wetland base soil (5) are of the same height; The drain pipe (7) is arranged along the roadbed cross-section every 5 - 10 m. It is a precast concrete or steel-made, horizontally long-column U-shaped drain trough. The drain pipe (7) connects the pebble gabion catchment ditches (4) on both sides of the road. The height is 30 - 40 cm, and the width of the trough opening is 3 - 6 cm.

2. The vegetation connectivity and protection structure for a highway crossing a mangrove area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The roadbed (2) is specifically a multi-layer reinforced gravel cushion layer laid, with the cushion layer thickness of 30 - 50 cm and the particle size of 10 - 30 mm.

3. The vegetation connectivity and protection structure for a highway crossing a mangrove area according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drainage pipe (91) has a diameter of 1-2 cm and is a corrugated pipe. The drainage pipe (91) is placed in the pebble gabion water collection ditch (4) at the front and back.

4. The vegetation connectivity and protection structure for a highway crossing a mangrove area according to claim 3, characterized in that: The reinforced crushed stone roadbed (9) is multi-layered, and the drainage pipe (91) is set at a horizontal distance of 20-50cm. The number of drainage pipes (91) in the longitudinal direction is determined according to the number of layers of the reinforced crushed stone roadbed.

5. A vegetation connectivity and protection structure for a highway crossing a mangrove area according to claim 4, characterized in that: The permeable hole (142) has a diameter of 0.5-2 mm, and the inner 5 cm of the permeable hole (142) is a plant fiber compression degradation layer (143).

6. The vegetation connectivity and protection structure for a highway crossing a mangrove area according to claim 5, characterized in that: The top of the transplant box (141) is provided with installation ports (144) on all four sides.

7. A method for restoring vegetation connectivity protection structures in mangrove areas using the method described in claim 1, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step (1) When the highway route passes through the mangrove area, during the roadbed clearing construction stage, the suitable mangrove community plants within the route area are transferred and protected. Specifically, the mangrove community plants are transplanted into the greening planting box (14). Step (2) transplant the mangroves to a natural area near the roadbed that is suitable for mangrove growth and temporarily plant them. The temporary planting pits where the greening planting boxes (14) are placed must be consistent with the slope of the road section to be constructed. Step (3) Construction of the road section crossing the mangrove area: First, the roadbed (2), drainage cushion layer (3), pre-embedded bolts (6) and pre-embedded anchors (10) are constructed. Then, the drainage pipe (7) is installed on the surface of the pre-embedded bolts (6) with nuts (8). Next, pebble gabion water collection ditches (4) are installed on the top of the drainage cushion layer (3) on both sides of the drainage pipe (7). Then, mangrove wetland base soil (5) is filled between the pebble gabion water collection ditch (4) and the slope (1). Then, each pebble gabion is filled with soil. A reinforced crushed stone roadbed (9) is laid between the drainage ditches (4). The longitudinal slope of the reinforced crushed stone roadbed (9) is consistent with the original terrain on both sides of the route and is orthogonal to the route in plane. A certain slope is set for the elevation difference on both sides of the roadbed. The slope formed by the elevation difference between the upper and lower sides of the original mangrove forest on both sides of the road facilitates drainage to one side. The reinforced crushed stone roadbed (9) is axially pre-cambered to prevent the impact of foundation settlement on the drainage performance of the pipeline. The water-stabilized layer (15) and the asphalt layer (16) are laid in sequence to complete the construction of the highway. Step (4) Vegetation restoration: Weld the main frame (11), the U-shaped frame (12), and the additional reinforcement (13). Then, place the greening planting box (14) containing the transplanted mangrove community plants into the inner cavity of the planting pit formed by the main frame (11), the U-shaped frame (12), and the additional reinforcement (13). Next, transplant the mangrove community plants to be protected in step (2) into the inner cavity of the planting pit that matches the greening planting box (14). Use wire or other components to attach the greening planting box (14) through the mounting port (144). 4) The installation is firm. The space between the permeable hole (142) and the plant fiber compression degradation layer (143) is temporarily left empty during the temporary planting period. Then, the substrate is filled into it to provide nutrients for the vegetation and induce the plant roots to extend to the porous and densely packed structure layer and the highway slope. The plants grow in the greening trough, the degradation layer gradually degrades, and the plant roots grow to the highway soil slope through the nutrient induction behind the degradation layer. After the roots penetrate the slope, the greening trough and the entire slope are stabilized and reinforced by the plant roots, while improving the greening effect of the slope.

8. The recovery method as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The volume ratio of the substrate in the greening planting box (14) is as follows: sea mud: sea sand: red soil: polyacrylamide: wood ash = 10: (1.5-2.5): (1.5-2): (0.3-0.5): (1-2); the volume ratio of the substrate in the space between the permeable hole (142) and the plant fiber compression degradation layer (143) is as follows: sea mud: sea sand: acetonitrile: wood ash = 10: (1.5-2.5): (0.1-0.2): (2.5-3).

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