A method and device for cultivating poria cocos

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of poria cocos cultivation method and cultivation device, porous inorganic substrate particle or porous inorganic substrate plate is laid under poria cocos cultivation substrate, and the moisture of the porous inorganic substrate particle or porous inorganic substrate plate laid under poria cocos cultivation substrate is maintained 3%~30%, the temperature of cultivation environment is 10~35 DEG C, poria cocos is harvested after maturation, and thus completes a crop of poria cocos cultivation;Porous inorganic substrate particle or porous inorganic substrate plate is carried out high temperature treatment after completing a crop of poria cocos cultivation, and then the next crop of poria cocos cultivation is carried out.The application uses porous inorganic substrate to replace soil, and the next crop of poria cocos cultivation can be carried out after high temperature treatment of porous inorganic substrate after cultivation of a crop, compared with continuous cropping of soil poria cocos cultivation site, can obviously improve the rotten cellar phenomenon of the next crop, and improve conversion rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of Poria cocos cultivation, and particularly to a method and apparatus for cultivating Poria cocos. Background Technology

[0002] Poria cocos is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb and a resource used for both medicinal and edible purposes. It is widely used as a raw material in traditional Chinese medicine clinical practice, prepared Chinese medicines, and health foods. Wild Poria cocos resources are now rare, and it mainly comes from artificial cultivation. Currently, there are three main methods of Poria cocos cultivation: log pit cultivation, tree stump cultivation, and bag cultivation.

[0003] (1) Pit cultivation of logs: Pine trunks are sawn into logs and treated together with dug-up trees using techniques such as "peeling and retaining the core" and "saw tube stacking and drying". After drying, they are used as culture material. Select the edge of the pine forest or open space in the forest as a cultivation site. Inoculate the logs with Poria cocos fungus and bury them in the soil for cultivation.

[0004] (2) Tree stump cultivation: The tree stumps left after pine trees are felled are used as culture medium after being treated with certain techniques and planted according to the log pit cultivation method; Poria cocos is cultivated by inoculating the roots of the felled pine trees with Poria cocos fungus on the spot.

[0005] (3) Bag cultivation: Pine branches, needles, fine roots, and leftover scraps after pine wood processing are used as culture media. They are cut into small sections, tied tightly at both ends, and placed into special plastic bags. The gaps are filled with pine sawdust with auxiliary materials to make cultivation bags, which are then sterilized for later use. Poria cocos spawn is inoculated into the sterilized cultivation bags and then placed in a greenhouse for cultivation. After the Poria cocos mycelium has grown well, it is moved to the cultivation site and planted in a cellar.

[0006] Currently, the most common cultivation methods for Poria cocos are log pit cultivation and bag cultivation. Both methods require burying logs or bags in the soil. Studies have shown that after planting Poria cocos, the total number of organisms in the cultivation area decreases, bacteria increase, actinomycetes and fungi decrease, urease and acid phosphatase activities decrease, dehydrogenase and catalase activities decrease, and pH value drops significantly. It is speculated that Poria cocos may produce allelochemicals, which significantly deteriorates the quality of the soil ecological environment. In actual cultivation, when Poria cocos is continuously planted in the same location, old pits are prone to decay. Therefore, it is necessary to change the location every year, with an interval of 3 years or more before planting Poria cocos again; otherwise, the yield will decrease or there will be no harvest. In addition, the traditional Poria cocos cultivation method has a low conversion rate, mostly between 15% and 25%, and the utilization rate of pine wood is low, resulting in a large waste of resources. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides a method for cultivating Poria cocos. This method uses a porous inorganic substrate to replace soil. After one crop is cultivated, the porous inorganic substrate is treated at high temperature. In particular, harmful substances can be removed by roasting in the air. After the porous inorganic substrate is treated, the next crop of Poria cocos can be cultivated. This method can significantly improve the problem of rotten soil and increase the conversion rate.

[0008] The method for cultivating Poria cocos provided by this invention includes the following steps:

[0009] Porous inorganic matrix particles or porous inorganic matrix boards are laid under the Poria cocos cultivation substrate. The moisture content of the porous inorganic matrix particles or porous inorganic matrix boards under the Poria cocos cultivation substrate is maintained at 3% to 30%, and the cultivation environment temperature is 10 to 35℃. The Poria cocos is harvested after it matures, thus completing one batch of Poria cocos cultivation.

[0010] The porous inorganic substrate particles or porous inorganic substrate boards that have completed one crop of Poria cocos cultivation are subjected to high-temperature treatment before the next crop of Poria cocos cultivation is carried out.

[0011] This method of cultivating Poria cocos removes organic matter that affects the growth of Poria cocos generated in the porous inorganic substrate of the previous crop through high-temperature treatment. After treatment, the next crop of Poria cocos can be cultivated. This method can significantly improve the problem of rotten soil, increase the conversion rate, and avoid the need to change planting sites. Moreover, this method of cultivating Poria cocos can be carried out indoors or in greenhouses.

[0012] In some embodiments, the porous inorganic matrix has a water absorption rate of 40% to 310% and an apparent porosity of 40% to 95%; preferably, the porous inorganic matrix has a water absorption rate of 40% to 200% and an apparent porosity of 60% to 80%.

[0013] In some embodiments, the size of the porous inorganic matrix particles is at least 1 mm to 10 cm. Preferably, the size of the porous inorganic matrix particles is 1 mm to 3 cm; more preferably, the size of the porous inorganic matrix particles includes one or more of 1 mm to 2 mm, 2 mm to 3 mm, 3 mm to 5 mm, 5 mm to 1 cm, 1 cm to 2 cm, and 2 cm to 3 cm. If the size of the porous inorganic matrix particles is too small, they are prone to dust generation and are difficult to handle during high-temperature treatment; if the size of the porous inorganic matrix particles is too large, they cannot provide good coverage for the Poria cocos cultivation substrate, resulting in poor light shading, rapid moisture loss, and insufficient contact between the porous inorganic matrix and the Poria cocos cultivation substrate, leading to decreased water supply efficiency.

[0014] In some embodiments, the thickness of the porous inorganic substrate is 1–30 cm; preferably, the thickness is 1–10 cm; more preferably, the thickness is 2–5 cm. If the porous inorganic substrate is too thick, molding is difficult and high-temperature processing is inconvenient; if the porous inorganic substrate is too thin, it will be submerged with a little water, and its water retention is low, requiring frequent watering to adjust the humidity.

[0015] In some embodiments, the Poria cocos cultivation substrate is logs or mushroom bags.

[0016] In some embodiments, the high-temperature treatment temperature is 65°C or higher. Preferably, the organic matter in the porous inorganic matrix particles or porous inorganic matrix plate is removed by calcination in an air atmosphere. More preferably, the calcination temperature is 400–700°C, and the porous inorganic matrix particles or porous inorganic matrix plate is washed with water after calcination.

[0017] In some embodiments, a 5-30 cm thick layer of porous inorganic matrix particles is also placed on top of the Poria cocos cultivation substrate. A layer that is too thick will affect air permeability. Preferably, the thickness of the porous inorganic matrix particle layer covering the Poria cocos cultivation substrate is 10-20 cm; more preferably, the thickness is 15-20 cm.

[0018] In some embodiments, the cultivation period for one crop of Poria cocos is 3 to 5 months. Preferably, the cultivation period for one crop of Poria cocos is 3 months.

[0019] The present invention also provides a Poria cocos cultivation device, comprising:

[0020] Poria cocos cultivation substrate, which is used to provide the nutrients and water required for the growth of Poria cocos;

[0021] Porous inorganic substrate, used to provide moisture to the cultivation substrate of Poria cocos;

[0022] Water supply pipes, used to supply moisture to porous inorganic substrates;

[0023] Temperature control device, which is used to detect and regulate the cultivation temperature of Poria cocos, and maintain the temperature between 10 and 35°C;

[0024] A humidity control device is used to detect and regulate the humidity of a porous inorganic matrix, maintaining the humidity between 3% and 30%.

[0025] The porous inorganic matrix includes porous inorganic matrix particles or porous inorganic matrix boards. The porous inorganic matrix boards are laid at the bottom of the Poria cocos cultivation matrix, and the porous inorganic matrix particles are used to cover the top of the Poria cocos cultivation matrix.

[0026] This Poria cocos cultivation device can improve the conversion rate of the current crop of Poria cocos. When used for continuous cropping of Poria cocos, it can maintain the conversion rate of subsequent crops without significant decrease and avoid the phenomenon of rotting in the cellar during continuous cropping.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] This invention utilizes a porous inorganic substrate to replace soil. Organic matter generated in the previous crop of Poria cocos cultivation within the substrate can be removed through high-temperature treatment, allowing for the next crop to be cultivated immediately after treatment. This significantly improves soil rot and increases conversion rates, eliminating the need for relocation. Furthermore, compared to soil cultivation, the porous inorganic substrate is free from pathogens and harmful insects, heavy metals, and pesticide contamination. Its loose texture, good air permeability, non-waterlogging, and good moisture retention are all highly beneficial for Poria cocos cultivation. The porous inorganic substrate also features low density, light weight, and renewability, facilitating large-scale indoor cultivation. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of this invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0030] The term "Poria cocos cultivation substrate" in this invention refers to a substance that provides Poria cocos with the main nutrients such as carbon, nitrogen, and minerals, and can fix the roots of Poria cocos. No fertilizer is applied during the entire cultivation period, and only an appropriate amount of water is needed. For example, the main components of pine logs, lignocellulose and other elements, can meet the nutritional needs of Poria cocos cultivation and can fix the roots of Poria cocos, thus it can be used as a Poria cocos cultivation substrate.

[0031] The method for cultivating Poria cocos provided by this invention includes the following steps: laying porous inorganic matrix particles or porous inorganic matrix boards under the Poria cocos cultivation substrate, maintaining the moisture content of the porous inorganic matrix particles or porous inorganic matrix boards under the Poria cocos cultivation substrate at 3% to 30%, and the cultivation environment temperature at 10 to 35°C, harvesting the Poria cocos after it matures, thus completing one crop of Poria cocos cultivation; subjecting the porous inorganic matrix particles or porous inorganic matrix boards that have completed one crop of Poria cocos cultivation to high-temperature treatment, and then carrying out the next crop of Poria cocos cultivation.

[0032] Regarding temperature control, the cultivation environment temperature should be controlled at least between 10 and 35℃, preferably between 20 and 35℃, with the optimal temperature being 25 to 28℃. When the temperature is above 35℃, the mycelium is prone to aging, and prolonged high temperatures can easily cause the death of the poria cocos. When the temperature is below 20℃, the growth of poria cocos is slow.

[0033] Regarding moisture control: The moisture content of the logs used for Poria cocos growth is 20%–30%. In traditional cultivation methods, the moisture content of the cultivation soil is controlled at 20%–25%. The pH of the culture medium for mycelium cultivation and the soil for Poria cocos cultivation is preferably 4–7. When the soil pH is >8, Poria cocos cannot grow normally. This invention controls the humidity of the porous inorganic substrate to 3%–30%, which ensures that the moisture content of the logs used for Poria cocos growth is maintained between 20% and 30%, and the porous inorganic substrate does not leach acidic or alkaline substances, thus not affecting the pH value of the logs. Preferably, the humidity of the porous inorganic substrate is controlled between 20% and 30%.

[0034] Regarding air control: Poria cocos requires sufficient oxygen for growth. Therefore, this invention uses porous inorganic substrate particles with good air permeability to cover the Poria cocos cultivation substrate. The covering of porous inorganic substrate particles should not be too thick, ideally maintained at 5–30 cm, to avoid affecting air permeability. An appropriately thick covering layer can prevent direct sunlight, thus avoiding the inhibition of mycelial growth. Preferably, the thickness of the porous inorganic substrate particle layer covering the Poria cocos cultivation substrate is 10–20 cm; more preferably, this thickness is 15–20 cm.

[0035] In some embodiments, the porous inorganic matrix has a water absorption rate of 40%–310% and an apparent porosity of 40%–95%; preferably, the porous inorganic matrix has a water absorption rate of 70%–200% and an apparent porosity of 60%–80%. Specifically, the porous inorganic matrix used in this invention has an apparent porosity of 47%–93%, a pore size distribution of 5–830 μm, a water absorption rate of 43%–305%, and a bulk density of 0.39–1.27 g / cm³. 3 It has a compressive strength of 1.8–15.9 MPa, a refractoriness greater than 1000℃, and an average sound absorption coefficient of 0.31–0.92. This porous inorganic matrix can also be made from granular or plate-like substrates of sintered mineral powder disclosed in CN115885833A, cultivation substrates disclosed in CN113303198A, or environmentally friendly plant culture media disclosed in CN110235746A.

[0036] In some embodiments, the size of the porous inorganic matrix particles is at least 1 mm or more. Preferably, the size of the porous inorganic matrix particles is 1 mm to 5 mm; more preferably, the size of the porous inorganic matrix particles is 1 mm to 3 mm. If the size of the porous inorganic matrix particles is too small, high-temperature treatment is inconvenient; if the size of the porous inorganic matrix particles is too large, it is impossible to provide good coverage for the Poria cocos cultivation substrate.

[0037] In some embodiments, the thickness of the porous inorganic substrate is 1–30 cm; preferably, the thickness is 1–10 cm; more preferably, the thickness is 2–5 cm. If the porous inorganic substrate is too thick, molding is difficult and high-temperature processing is inconvenient; if the porous inorganic substrate is too thin, it will be submerged with a little water, and its water retention is low, requiring frequent watering to adjust the humidity.

[0038] In some embodiments, the Poria cocos cultivation substrate is logs or mushroom bags.

[0039] In some embodiments, the high-temperature treatment temperature is 65°C or higher, which is sufficient to kill most harmful bacteria. Preferably, the organic matter in the porous inorganic matrix particles or porous inorganic matrix plate is burned off by calcination in an air atmosphere to ensure that the pores of the porous inorganic matrix are not blocked. More preferably, the calcination temperature is 400–700°C, and the pores are washed with water after calcination to remove residual substances.

[0040] In some embodiments, the cultivation period for one crop of Poria cocos is 3 to 5 months. Preferably, the cultivation period for one crop of Poria cocos is 3 months.

[0041] The present invention also provides a Poria cocos cultivation device, comprising:

[0042] Poria cocos cultivation substrate, which is used to provide the nutrients and water required for the growth of Poria cocos;

[0043] Porous inorganic substrate, used to provide moisture to the cultivation substrate of Poria cocos;

[0044] Water supply pipes, used to supply moisture to porous inorganic substrates;

[0045] Temperature control device, which is used to detect and regulate the cultivation temperature of Poria cocos, and maintain the temperature between 10 and 35°C;

[0046] A humidity control device is used to detect and regulate the humidity of a porous inorganic matrix, maintaining the humidity between 3% and 30%.

[0047] The porous inorganic matrix includes porous inorganic matrix particles or porous inorganic matrix boards. The porous inorganic matrix boards are laid at the bottom of the Poria cocos cultivation matrix, and the porous inorganic matrix particles are used to cover the top of the Poria cocos cultivation matrix.

[0048] The technical solution provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments.

[0049] Unless otherwise specified, the Poria cocos cultivation substrate used in the examples and comparative examples is pine logs, each 1m in length.

[0050] Unless otherwise specified, the porous inorganic matrix used in this invention is a porous inorganic matrix board prepared according to the method for preparing ceramic materials with sound absorption and plant cultivation functions disclosed in Example 2 of CN102515823A, or the formed porous inorganic matrix board is crushed into porous inorganic matrix particles with a particle size of 1mm to 10cm. This ceramic material has the characteristics of water absorption and moisture retention, with an apparent porosity of 67%, a pore size distribution of 17 to 260μm, a water absorption rate of 73%, and a bulk density of 0.91g / cm³. 3 It has a compressive strength of 5.6 MPa and a refractoriness greater than 1000℃. In this invention, the porous inorganic matrix particles covering the pine logs have a particle size distribution of 25% being 1–3 mm, 50% being 3–5 mm, and 25% being 5–10 mm.

[0051] Unless otherwise stated, the strains used in the following examples and comparative examples are common commercially available strains.

[0052] Unless otherwise specified, the strains used in the following examples and comparative examples were obtained as follows: Take a certain amount of pine sawdust, add an appropriate amount of wheat, corn kernels, etc., put them into a plastic bag, sterilize and cool them with high-temperature steam, inoculate them with Poria cocos spawn, and place them in a culture room with a suitable temperature for cultivation. Once the mycelium has fully grown in the bag, it can be used as a strain for cultivating Poria cocos.

[0053] Unless otherwise stated, the pine logs in the following examples and comparative examples were obtained in the following manner: one or several months before cultivation, warm-season pine species such as Masson pine were felled, and the logs were processed into cultivation containers through processes such as peeling off the bark and leaving the core, sawing the logs, and drying them.

[0054] Example 1

[0055] S1. A 25mm thick porous inorganic substrate board was laid under the pine logs. One packet of Poria cocos cultivation inoculum was placed close to the pine logs. The porous inorganic substrate board was watered appropriately every 4 days to keep it moist but without overflowing. The humidity of the porous inorganic substrate board was measured to be between 20% and 30% (using a soil temperature and humidity rapid tester, model HM-WS, Shandong Hengmei Electronic Technology Co., Ltd.). A layer of porous inorganic substrate particles (particle size 1-3mm) about 15cm thick was then placed on the pine logs and inducing growth. After 4 months of growth at 20-30℃, the pine logs were completely consumed, and the Poria cocos were harvested, thus completing one batch of Poria cocos cultivation. The average weight of the obtained Poria cocos was 1.28kg, the average diameter was 15cm, no rotting was observed, and the average conversion rate was 67%.

[0056] S2. The porous inorganic substrate board that has completed one crop of Poria cocos cultivation is heated at 100°C for 30 minutes in a high-temperature rotary kiln, and then the next crop of Poria cocos cultivation is carried out according to step S1; no rot occurs in the second crop of Poria cocos, and the conversion rate of the harvested Poria cocos is 65%.

[0057] Table 1. Poria cocos test report

[0058]

[0059] ND indicates not detected. The 2015 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia specifies that the total ash content of Poria cocos should not exceed 2.0%, and the extract using dilute ethanol as a solvent should not be less than 2.5%. The Poria cocos harvested in Example 1 had an ash content far below this standard requirement, and its extract content was almost twice the standard amount, indicating that the Poria cocos harvested in Example 1 was relatively pure and contained a higher concentration of active ingredients. This cultivation method did not use pesticides, and no pesticide residues were detected.

[0060] Comparative Example 1

[0061] S1. A 10mm thick layer of soil from the Dabie Mountains Poria cocos producing area was laid under the pine logs. One packet of Poria cocos cultivation inoculum was placed close to the pine logs. The soil from the Dabie Mountains Poria cocos producing area was watered to maintain the soil moisture between 20% and 30% (using a soil temperature and humidity rapid tester, model HM-WS, Shandong Hengmei Electronic Technology Co., Ltd.). A layer of soil from the Dabie Mountains Poria cocos producing area with the same thickness as in Example 1 was then placed on the pine logs for induction. After 4 months of growth at 20-30℃, the pine logs were completely consumed, and the Poria cocos were harvested, thus completing one batch of Poria cocos cultivation. The average weight of the obtained Poria cocos was 0.78kg, the average diameter was 14cm, and most showed local rot. The average conversion rate was 56%.

[0062] S2. If the soil is not treated in any way and is used for the next crop of Poria cocos cultivation in step S1, the rotting phenomenon of the second crop of Poria cocos will be aggravated, with an average conversion rate of 35%.

[0063] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment / mode," "some embodiments / modes," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment / mode or example is included in at least one embodiment / mode or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment / mode or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments / modes or examples. Furthermore, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments / modes or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments / modes or examples.

[0064] It should be noted that in this invention, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element. In this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise expressly specified.

[0065] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features claimed herein.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating Poria cocos, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Lay a 25mm thick porous inorganic substrate board under the pine logs, place one packet of Poria cocos cultivation inoculum close to the pine logs, and water the porous inorganic substrate board appropriately every 4 days to keep it moist but without water overflowing. The humidity of the porous inorganic substrate board is measured to be 20% to 30%. Cover the pine logs with a 15cm thick layer of porous inorganic substrate particles with a particle size of 1 to 3mm and induce growth. After 4 months of growth at 20 to 30℃, the pine logs are completely consumed, and the Poria cocos are harvested, thus completing one batch of Poria cocos cultivation. The average weight of the obtained Poria cocos is 1.28kg, and the average diameter is 15cm. S2. Heat the porous inorganic substrate plate that has completed one batch of Poria cocos cultivation at 100°C for 30 minutes in a high-temperature rotary kiln, and then proceed with the next batch of Poria cocos cultivation according to step S1.

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