Shaft part or bar processing method, axial stopper and elastic chuck

Abstract

The application provides a shaft part or bar processing method, wherein the shaft part or bar is clamped by an elastic chuck for processing, the elastic chuck comprises a chuck body, the chuck body has a fixed end and a clamping end along the axial direction, the fixed end is cylindrical, the center of the fixed end is provided with a first through hole along the axial direction, the center of the clamping end is provided with a second through hole along the axial direction, the second through hole is communicated with the first through hole, and the method comprises the following steps of installing an axial positioner, adjusting a position limiting rod and positioning a part in the axial direction, so that the shaft part or bar is positioned in the axial direction by the axial position limiting rod. The application also provides an axial positioner and an elastic chuck.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of precision CNC lathes, and in particular to a method for machining shaft parts or bar stock, an axial limiter, and an elastic chuck using the axial limiter. Background Technology

[0002] In existing technology, precision CNC lathes are equipped with flexible chucks for clamping workpieces (or bar stock) and performing turning operations. Shaft-type parts or bar stock are inserted into the clamping end of the flexible chuck, and the workpiece is clamped by the flexible chuck mounted on the precision CNC lathe for CNC turning operations.

[0003] In existing technology, axial positioning is achieved by installing a locating block inside a flexible chuck. To prevent axial movement of the locating block, the locating block and flexible chuck are fitted with an interference fit. The disadvantages of this existing technology are: 1. The interference fit can damage the flexible chuck, affecting its positioning accuracy; 2. The locating block can only limit a fixed axial position, and the positioning length for shaft parts or bars cannot be adjusted arbitrarily; 3. If different axial lengths need to be limited, the locating block must be replaced. Due to the interference fit between the locating block and the flexible chuck, replacing the locating block is difficult and inefficient. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, this application provides a method for machining shaft parts or bar stock, wherein an elastic chuck is used to clamp the shaft parts or bar stock for machining. The elastic chuck includes a chuck body, which has a fixed end and a clamping end along its axial direction. The fixed end is cylindrical and has a first through hole along the axial direction at its center. The clamping end has a second through hole along the axial direction at its center, and the second through hole communicates with the first through hole. Specifically, the method includes the following steps: an axial limiter installation step, in which the limiter body of the axial limiter is inserted into the first through hole, and a limit bolt installed on the limiter body and protruding radially outward engages with a third through hole provided on the chuck body, thereby positioning the limiter body axially; limiting... The first step involves adjusting the axial position of a limit rod threaded onto the limiter body, and fixing the axial position of the limit rod by tightening an adjusting nut. The limiter body has a first threaded through hole along its axial direction. The limit rod is a bolt rod that engages with the first threaded through hole, extending into it. The adjusting nut is fitted onto the portion of the limit rod not extending into the first threaded through hole. The second step involves axially positioning the shaft or bar stock by bringing its end face, which is inserted into the second through hole at the clamping end, into contact with the end face of the limit rod, thereby axially positioning the shaft or bar stock. The third step involves machining the shaft or bar stock.

[0005] Using the above-described method, the elastic chuck, through an axial limiter installation process, installs an axial limiter in the first through hole. Then, through a limit rod adjustment process and a part axial positioning process, it can axially position shaft-like parts or bar stock. Furthermore, when it is necessary to change the axial limit position of the shaft-like parts or bar stock, it is only necessary to rotate the limit rod. Compared to the existing technology that requires removing the interference fit positioning block, this method is faster and more convenient, and does not cause wear to the elastic chuck.

[0006] As one possible implementation, the chuck body has multiple radially arranged third through holes, and the limiter body has multiple radially arranged threaded holes, in which the limit bolts are installed.

[0007] By employing the aforementioned possible implementation methods, the axial positioner body is positioned axially through the interference engagement of multiple limiting bolts and multiple third through holes. This design cleverly utilizes the structural characteristics of the elastic chuck itself to axially position the axial limiter, avoiding modifications to the elastic chuck and thus reducing design costs.

[0008] As a possible implementation, in the axial limiter installation process, the set bolt extends out of the second bolt threaded hole and presses the washer towards the bottom surface of the first through hole, so that the limiter body is positioned axially. The locator body has a second threaded through hole along the axial direction, the set bolt is provided in the second threaded through hole, and the washer is sleeved on the part of the positioning rod that extends out of the first threaded through hole.

[0009] By adopting the above possible implementation methods, the washer can disperse the compressive stress when the set bolt is tightened, and prevent the elastic collet from being damaged due to excessive compressive stress when the set bolt is axially tightened into the body of the set bolt limiter.

[0010] This application also provides an axial limiter, the specific structure of which includes: a limiter body, which is cylindrical, with an outer end face and an inner end face at its two ends, respectively; a first threaded through hole is opened axially at the center of the limiter body; and a threaded hole is opened radially on the outer circumference of the limiter body; a limiter rod, which is a cylindrical threaded rod and is threadedly engaged with the first threaded through hole; the limiter rod extends into the first threaded through hole from the outer end face and extends out from the inner end face; and a limiter bolt, which extends into the threaded hole and is threadedly engaged with the threaded hole, and the limiter bolt extends out of the threaded hole.

[0011] Using the above-described structure, the axial limiter achieves axial positioning of shaft-like parts or bar stock through the limit rod; the limit bolt in the threaded hole enables axial positioning of the axial limiter within the elastic chuck. Furthermore, when different limit lengths are selected, the threaded fit length can be adjusted by turning the limit rod, which improves operational efficiency compared to the installation and removal of interference fit positioning blocks.

[0012] As a possible implementation, a disc-shaped washer with the same diameter as the limiter body is also included. The washer is located on one side of the inner end face and is fitted onto the limiter rod. A disc-shaped buffer ring is provided on the side of the washer away from the limiter body and is fitted onto the limiter rod. The diameter of the buffer ring is the same as the diameter of the washer.

[0013] Using the above-described possible implementations, the washer is used to provide support for the axial limiter. The buffer ring acts as a buffer between the washer and the elastic collet, preventing the washer, made of hard materials such as metal, from scratching the elastic collet.

[0014] As one possible implementation, a second threaded through hole is provided on the outer end face.

[0015] As one possible implementation, a set bolt is provided in the second threaded through hole, which is threadedly engaged with the second threaded through hole. The set bolt extends into the second threaded through hole from the outer end face, and then extends out of the second threaded through hole from the inner end face and contacts the washer.

[0016] Using the above-described possible implementation, the set bolt rests against the washer. As the set bolt is continuously tightened, it pushes further against the washer, causing the limiter body to move towards the fixed end within the first through hole. This, in conjunction with the limit bolt, secures the axial limiter within the elastic collet. Furthermore, this method allows the third through hole on the collet body to be slightly larger than the limit bolt (which may include the bolt head), facilitating the insertion of the limit bolt into the third through hole and simplifying installation. However, axial positioning of the limiter body is not easily achieved using only the third through hole and the limit bolt. Therefore, the above structure, combined with the tightening of the set bolt, enables reliable axial positioning of the limiter body.

[0017] As one possible implementation, an adjusting nut is fitted onto one side of the outer end face of the limiting rod, and the adjusting nut is threadedly engaged with the limiting rod.

[0018] Using the above-described possible implementation method, when the limit rod is adjusted to the appropriate position, the adjusting nut is used to fix the limit rod relative to the limiter body. When it is necessary to adjust the position of the limit rod, first loosen or unscrew the adjusting nut, then adjust the position of the limit rod, and finally tighten or screw on the adjusting nut.

[0019] This application also provides an elastic chuck, the specific structure of which includes a chuck body. The chuck body has a fixed end and a clamping end along its axial direction. The fixed end is cylindrical and has a first through hole along the axial direction at its center. The clamping end has a second through hole along the axial direction at its center. The second through hole is connected to the first through hole. The chuck body has a plurality of third through holes along the radial direction. An axial limiter of any of the above structures is provided in the first through hole.

[0020] As one possible implementation, the axial limiter is clearance-fitted with the first through hole.

[0021] By employing the aforementioned possible implementation methods, the axial limiter is clearance-fitted with the first through hole, and the outer diameter of the axial limiter body is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the first through hole of the elastic collet, thus preventing interference and friction between the axial limiter and the elastic collet. Therefore, the axial limiter involved in this application embodiment can avoid damage to the elastic collet, improving its service life and positioning accuracy. Attached Figure Description

[0022] The various technical features of this application and their relationships will be further explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings are exemplary; some technical features are not shown to scale, and some drawings may omit technical features commonly used in the art to which this application pertains that are not essential for understanding and implementing this application, or additionally show technical features that are not essential for understanding and implementing this application. In other words, the combination of various technical features shown in the drawings is not intended to limit this application. Furthermore, throughout this application, the same reference numerals refer to the same things. Specific descriptions of the drawings are as follows:

[0023] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the axial limiter involved in the embodiments of this application;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the elastic clamp involved in the embodiments of this application;

[0025] Figure 3 This is an assembly diagram of the elastic clamp involved in the embodiments of this application;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a front view of the elastic clamp involved in the embodiments of this application;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a right view of the elastic clamp involved in the embodiments of this application.

[0028] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1-Elastic chuck; 10-Chuck body; 11-First through hole; 12-Second through hole; 13-Third through hole; 14-Clamping part; 15-Gap; 16-Conical part; 20-Fixed end; 30-Clamping end; 100-Axial limiter; 101-Outer end face; 102-Inner end face; 110-Limiter body; 111-First threaded through hole; 112-Threaded hole; 113-Second threaded through hole; 120-Limiting rod; 130-Washer; 140-Buffer ring; 150-Adjusting nut; 160-Limiting bolt; 161-Limiting bolt rod; 162-Limiting bolt head; 170-Set bolt. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The specific embodiments of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] This application provides an axial limiter 100, which, in addition to its axial positioning function, can also adjust its axial length as needed. See also... Figure 2 , Figure 3 In use, the axial limiter 100 can be inserted into the first through hole 11 of the chuck body 10, and the screwing adjustment limit rod 120 of the axial limiter 100 is inserted into the second through hole 12 of the chuck body 10. The end face of the screwing adjustment limit rod 120 contacts the shaft part or bar stock, thereby positioning the shaft part or bar stock in the axial direction.

[0031] The specific structure of the axial limiter 100 is described below.

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, the axial limiter 100 provided in this application embodiment includes: a limiter body 110, a limit rod 120, a limit bolt 160, a washer 130, a set bolt 170, a buffer ring 140, and an adjusting nut 150.

[0033] Among them, such as Figure 1 As shown, the limiter body 110 is cylindrical, with an outer end face 101 and an inner end face 102 at its two ends. A first threaded through hole 111 is axially formed at the center of the limiter body 110. At the same time, a threaded hole 112 is radially formed on the outer circumference of the limiter body 110, and a second threaded through hole 113 is formed on the outer end face 101 of the limiter body 110 at a position offset from the threaded through hole.

[0034] Among them, such as Figure 1As shown, the limiting rod 120 is a cylindrical threaded rod that is threadedly engaged with the first threaded through hole 111 on the limiting device body 110. The limiting rod 120 extends into the first threaded through hole 111 from its outer end face 101 and protrudes from its inner end face 102. The length of the portion of the limiting rod 120 protruding from the inner end face 102 can be adjusted by screwing it, thereby achieving the function of adjusting the limiting length.

[0035] Among them, such as Figure 1 , 2 As shown in Figure 3, the limiting bolt 160 includes a limiting bolt head 162 and a limiting bolt rod 161. The limiting bolt rod 161 is screwed into the threaded hole 112 and threadedly engages with the lower threaded hole of the threaded hole 112. The upper hole of the threaded hole 112 is used to accommodate a portion of the limiting bolt head 162. Regarding the timing of installation of the limiting bolt 160, it is installed after the axial limiter 100 is inserted into the first through hole 11, and then the limiting bolt 160 is screwed into the threaded hole 112. Furthermore, when the limiting bolt 160 is screwed into the threaded hole 112, it must first pass through the third through hole 13; after the limiting bolt 160 is screwed into the threaded hole 112, the limiting bolt rod 161 extends into the threaded hole 112, and the limiting bolt head 162 remains in the third through hole 13.

[0036] In another embodiment, the limiting bolt 160 can be screwed into the threaded hole 112 before the axial limiter 100 is inserted into the first through hole 11, with at least a portion of the limiting bolt head 162 accommodated in the upper portion of the threaded hole 112, thereby reducing the radial protrusion of the limiting bolt head 162 in the limiter body 110. In this state, the axial limiter 100 is inserted into the first through hole 11, and then a tool such as a screwdriver is passed through the third through hole 13 to rotate the limiting bolt 160 in the loosening direction, so that the limiting bolt head 162 is located in the third through hole 13. Using this method, the limiting bolt 160 can be retained on the limiter body 110 before the axial limiter 100 is installed, achieving technical effects such as avoiding part loss and reducing installation time.

[0037] It is understandable that in order to reduce the protrusion height of the limit bolt head 162 in the radial direction of the limiter body 110 to a sufficiently low level, so as to avoid the limiter body 110 being difficult to insert into the first through hole 11 due to the obstruction of the limit bolt head 162, the depth of the hole at the upper part of the threaded hole 112 needs to be appropriately set.

[0038] In addition, in this manner, when the axial limiter 100 is removed from the elastic chuck 1, the limit bolt 160 can be rotated in the tightening direction to reduce the protrusion height of the limit bolt head 162 in the radial direction of the limiter body 110, and then the axial limiter 100 can be removed from the first through hole 11.

[0039] Among them, such as Figure 2 , 3 As shown, washer 130 is a metal disc-shaped component with a central connecting hole, and its diameter is approximately the same as that of the limiter body 110. In this embodiment, the diameter of washer 130 is slightly smaller than the (maximum) outer diameter of the limiter body 110, thereby allowing the axial limiter 100 to be easily inserted into the first through hole 11. Washer 130 is located on one side of the inner end face 102 of the limiter body 110 and is fitted onto the limiter rod 120 through the connecting hole. Washer 130 provides support for the axial limiter 100.

[0040] Among them, such as Figure 1 As shown, the set bolt 170 is threaded into the second threaded through hole 113. At the same time, the set bolt 170 extends into the second threaded through hole 113 from the outer end face 101 and extends out of the second threaded through hole 113 from the inner end face 102, and then contacts the washer 130.

[0041] Among them, such as Figure 1 , 2 As shown in Figure 3, the buffer ring 140 is a rubber part, disc-shaped, with a connecting through hole in its center, and its diameter is basically the same as the diameter of the limiter body 110. In this embodiment, the diameter of the buffer ring 140 is slightly smaller than the (maximum) outer diameter of the limiter body 110, so that the axial limiter 100 can be easily inserted into the first through hole 11. The buffer ring 140 is located on the side of the washer 130 away from the limiter body 110, and is fitted onto the limiter rod 120 through the connecting through hole.

[0042] Among them, such as Figure 1 , 2 As shown in Figure 3, the adjusting nut 150 is threadedly engaged with the limiting rod 120 and is fitted onto the portion of the limiting rod 120 that extends out of the outer end face 101. This is used to fix the limiting rod 120, further stabilizing the axial position of the limiting rod 120 and reliably maintaining the positioning accuracy.

[0043] In this embodiment, the second threaded through hole 113 is a stepped threaded through hole, and the corresponding set bolt 170 includes a set bolt 170 head, which is embedded in the stepped threaded through hole.

[0044] In this embodiment, there are three threaded holes 112, evenly distributed circumferentially on the outer circumference of the limiter body 110. Correspondingly, there are also three limit bolts 160, each disposed in one of the three threaded holes 112, for engaging with the third through hole 13 to limit the displacement of the axial limiter 100. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the number of threaded holes 112 and limit bolts 160 may be different, for example, two.

[0045] This application also provides an elastic chuck 1 using the aforementioned axial limiter 100 for use on a CNC lathe, such as... Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, it includes a chuck body 10 and an axial limiter 100.

[0046] Among them, such as Figure 3 , 4 As shown, the chuck body 10 has a fixed end 20 along its axial direction, and the fixed end 20 is cylindrical. A first through hole 11 along the axial direction is opened at the center of the fixed end 20. Six identical clamping portions 14 extend from the fixed end 20 to the other end of the chuck body 10, forming a clamping end 30. A second through hole 12 along the axial direction is opened at the center of the clamping end 30, and the second through hole 12 communicates with the first through hole 11. Six gaps exist between the six clamping portions 14, and six third through holes 13 are opened radially along the chuck body 10 at the root of the six gaps.

[0047] Among them, such as Figure 4 As shown, the first through hole 11 has a larger opening and the second through hole 12 has a smaller opening. In the chuck body 10, the first through hole 11 and the second through hole 12 are connected by a tapered part 16 with an inclined surface.

[0048] Among them, such as Figure 2 As shown, the axial limiter 100 is disposed in the first through hole 11. The outer end face 101 of the axial limiter 100 in the first through hole 11 faces outwards, and its inner end face 102 faces the second through hole 12. The buffer ring 140 on the axial limiter 100 is in contact with the inner circumferential inclined surface of the tapered portion 16.

[0049] In this embodiment, the slope of the tapered portion 16 near the first through hole 11 is relatively gentle. The gentle slope is beneficial for supporting the axial limiter 100.

[0050] Among them, such as Figure 2 , 3 As shown, the three threaded holes 112 on the axial limiter 100 are respectively aligned with a third through hole 13. Correspondingly, the limit bolt heads 162 of the three limit bolts 160 provided in the threaded holes 112 extend into the third through holes 13, which can realize the axial positioning and circumferential positioning of the limiter body 110. The number of threaded holes 112 is less than the number of third through holes 13, but they can also be equal.

[0051] In this embodiment, as Figure 3 As shown, among the six third through holes 13, the three third through holes 13 into which the limiting bolt head 162 extends are three third through holes 13 spaced apart.

[0052] In this embodiment, the axial limiter 100 and the first through hole 11 of the elastic chuck 1 are in clearance fit, so that the elastic chuck 1 body will not be worn.

[0053] Among them, such as Figure 4 As shown, the third through hole 13 is connected to the gap 15. When the gap 15 becomes smaller due to the elastic chuck 1 clamping the shaft or bar stock, the diameter of the third through hole 13 will also decrease accordingly. Therefore, as Figure 2 As shown, the size of the limit bolt head 162 should be designed and used according to the minimum diameter of the third through hole 13, so as to avoid interference between the limit bolt head 162 and the third through hole 13.

[0054] The assembly process of the axial limiter 100 and the elastic chuck 1 is as follows:

[0055] First, insert the axial limiter 100 (without the limit bolts 160 and set bolts 170 installed) into the first through hole 11 of the elastic collet 1, with its inner end face 102 facing the first through hole 11. Then, align the three stepped threaded holes 112 with the three third through holes 13. Next, insert the three limit bolts 160 into the third through holes 13 and then screw them into the stepped threaded holes 112, keeping the limit bolt heads 162 in the third through holes 13. Then, tighten the set bolts 170... Screw the 70 into the second threaded through hole 113, and extend it out of the second threaded through hole 113 to tighten the washer 130; next, continue to tighten the set bolt 170, so that the limiter body 110 moves from the inside to the outside of the first through hole 11, until the limit bolt 160 is pressed against the hole wall of the third through hole 13, so that the axial limiter 100 is completely fixed; tighten the adjustment limit rod 120 to the appropriate position, and tighten the adjusting nut 150 to complete the assembly of the axial limiter 100 (refer to...). Figure 2 ).

[0056] When using the elastic chuck 1, if the limit position needs to be adjusted, simply remove the adjusting nut 150, adjust the length of the limit rod 120 extending out of the limiter body 110 to the required length by turning the limit rod 120, and finally tighten the adjusting nut 150 onto the limit rod 120.

[0057] In summary, the axial limiter 100 provided in this application includes an adjustable-length limit rod 120, which enables adjustment of the limit position, thereby improving the processing efficiency of the elastic chuck 1. Furthermore, in the prior art, the positioning block and the elastic chuck 1 are interference-fitted, which can damage the elastic chuck 1 and affect its positioning accuracy. If different lengths are required, the positioning block needs to be replaced, which is difficult and inefficient due to the interference fit. In the embodiments of this application, the axial limiter 100 and the elastic chuck 1 are fitted with a clearance 15, meaning the outer diameter of the limiter body 110 of the axial limiter 100 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the first through hole 11 of the elastic chuck 1. Therefore, the axial limiter 100 of this application can avoid damage to the elastic chuck 1, improving its service life and positioning accuracy.

[0058] In addition, when different lengths are selected, the axial position can be adjusted by turning the limit rod 120, which can improve work efficiency compared with the positioning block with interference fit.

[0059] The axial limiter 100 involved in this application embodiment cleverly utilizes the cooperation between the third through hole 13 and the limit bolt 160 to fix the axial limiter 100 in the elastic clamp 1, avoiding a complex installation process, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of the elastic clamp 1.

[0060] This application also provides a method for machining shaft parts or bar stock, which is used on an elastic chuck 1 to clamp the shaft parts or bar stock and perform machining. The method for machining shaft parts or bar stock specifically includes the following steps: axial limiter installation step, limit rod adjustment step, part axial positioning step, and part machining step.

[0061] The axial limiter installation process specifically includes the following steps:

[0062] Step 1: Insert the axial limiter 100 (without the limit bolt 160 installed) into the first through hole 11 with its inner end face 102 facing the inside of the first through hole 11.

[0063] Step 2: Rotate the axial limiter 100 without the limit bolt 160 installed, and align the three threaded holes 112 with the three third through holes 13 respectively.

[0064] Step 3: Insert the three limiting bolts 160 into the three third through holes 13 and the three threaded holes 112 in sequence, and screw the limiting bolt rods 161 into the threaded holes 112 respectively, so that the limiting bolt heads 162 are positioned in the third through holes 13.

[0065] Step 4: Tighten the set bolt 170 into the second threaded through hole 113 and tighten the washer 130.

[0066] Step 5: Continue to tighten the set bolt 170, so that the limiter body 110 drives the limit bolt 160 to move toward the fixed end 20 until the limit bolt 160 is in close contact with the third through hole 13.

[0067] The limit rod adjustment process specifically includes the following steps:

[0068] Step 1: Unscrew or loosen the adjusting nut 150 from the limit rod 120;

[0069] Step 2: Adjust the limit rod 120 to the required limit position, and tighten or screw on the adjusting nut 150.

[0070] The axial positioning process for the part specifically includes the following steps:

[0071] Step 1: Unscrew or loosen the adjusting nut 150 from the limit rod 120;

[0072] Step 2: Loosen the clamping end 30, and then remove the shaft part or bar stock or fix it in other ways;

[0073] Step 3: Adjust the limit rod 120 to the required limit position, and tighten or screw on the adjusting nut 150.

[0074] Step 4: Place the shaft part or bar into the clamping end 30 and make it contact the limiting rod 120, then clamp the clamping end 30 to clamp the shaft part or bar again.

[0075] In the parts processing procedure, shaft parts or bar stock can be processed by cutting, grinding, etc.

[0076] The term “comprising” as used throughout this application should not be construed as limited to what is listed thereafter; it does not exclude other structural elements or steps.

[0077] It is understood that those skilled in the art can combine the features mentioned in one or more embodiments throughout this application with features from other embodiments in any appropriate manner to implement this application.

[0078] Note that the above are merely preferred embodiments and the technical principles employed in this application. Those skilled in the art will understand that this application is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions can be made without departing from the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, although this application has been described in detail through the above embodiments, this application is not limited to the above embodiments. Many other equivalent embodiments may be included without departing from the technical concept of this application, all of which fall within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A method of machining a shaft-like part or a bar, wherein, A flexible chuck is used to clamp shaft parts or bar stock for machining. The flexible chuck includes a chuck body, which has a fixed end and a clamping end along its axial direction. The fixed end is cylindrical and has a first through hole along the axial direction at its center. The clamping end has a second through hole along the axial direction at its center, and the second through hole communicates with the first through hole. The method is characterized by including the following steps: The axial limiter installation process involves inserting the limiter body into the first through hole and engaging it with the third through hole on the chuck body via a limiter bolt that protrudes radially outward from the limiter body. An axially mounted set bolt is provided on the limiter body. This set bolt extends out of the second threaded through hole on the limiter body and presses against a washer fitted onto the limiter rod towards the bottom surface of the first through hole. A disc-shaped buffer ring is fitted on the side of the washer away from the limiter body. Tightening the set bolt drives the limiter body to axial displacement, causing the side of the set bolt to abut tightly against the wall of the third through hole, thus achieving final positioning and locking of the limiter body. The limiting rod adjustment process involves adjusting the axial position of the limiting rod installed on the limiting device body via threads, and fixing the axial position of the limiting rod by tightening the adjusting nut. The limiting device body has a first threaded through hole along the axial direction. The limiting rod is a bolt rod that mates with the first threaded through hole. The limiting rod extends into the first threaded through hole, and the adjusting nut is fitted onto the portion of the limiting rod that does not extend into the first threaded through hole. In the axial positioning process, the end face of the shaft-like part or bar stock that extends into the second through hole of the clamping end comes into contact with the end face of the limiting rod, thereby the limiting rod axially positions the shaft-like part or bar stock. The parts processing procedure involves processing the shaft-type parts or bar stock.

2. The shaft part or bar processing method according to claim 1, characterized by, The chuck body has multiple radially arranged third through holes, and the limiter body has multiple radially arranged threaded holes, in which the limit bolts are installed.

3. An axial limiter, characterized by include: The limiter body is cylindrical, with an outer end face and an inner end face at its two ends. A first threaded through hole is opened in the center of the limiter body along the axial direction. A threaded hole is opened in the outer circumference of the limiter body along the radial direction. A second threaded through hole is opened in the outer end face along the axial direction. The limiting rod is a cylindrical threaded rod that is threadedly engaged with the first threaded through hole. The limiting rod extends into the first threaded through hole from the outer end face and extends out from the inner end face. A limiting bolt, wherein the limiting bolt extends into the threaded hole and is threadedly engaged with the threaded hole, and the limiting bolt extends out of the threaded hole; A disc-shaped washer, the diameter of which is the same as the diameter of the limiter body, is located on one side of the inner end face and is fitted onto the limit rod; A disc-shaped buffer ring is fitted onto the limiting rod and located on the side of the washer away from the limiting device body. The diameter of the buffer ring is the same as the diameter of the washer. The set bolt is threaded into the second threaded through hole. The set bolt extends from the outer end face into the second threaded through hole and then extends from the inner end face to abut against the washer. Tightening the set bolt can drive the limiter body to generate axial displacement relative to the washer and the limit rod.

4. The axial limiter of claim 3, wherein, An adjusting nut is fitted on one side of the outer end face of the limiting rod, and the adjusting nut is threadedly engaged with the limiting rod.

5. An elastic collet, characterized by, The chuck body includes a fixed end and a clamping end along its axial direction. The fixed end is cylindrical and has a first through hole along the axial direction at its center. The clamping end has a second through hole along the axial direction at its center. The second through hole is connected to the first through hole. The chuck body has a plurality of third through holes along the radial direction. An axial limiter as described in any one of claims 3-4 is provided in the first through hole.

6. The collet of claim 5 wherein, The axial limiter is clearance-fitted with the first through hole.

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