High-efficiency shaft drilling machine and construction method for complex stratum deep large shaft construction

Abstract

The high-efficiency shaft drilling machine for complex stratum deep and large shaft construction comprises a chassis, a drilling frame, a supporting beam, a lifting system, a drill rod and a drill bit assembly, the drill bit assembly comprises a cutter disc bottom plate and drilling cutters, the cutter disc bottom plate comprises a flat plate and an edge plate, the drilling cutters comprise first cutters arranged at the center of the flat plate and extending upwardly and obliquely from outside to inside, second cutters arranged on the flat plate, and third, fourth and fifth cutters arranged on the edge plate and extending upwardly and obliquely from inside to outside, a four-high and middle-flat excavation surface can be realized, and the mud can flow by itself; a conical pile with low breaking difficulty can be formed at the center, the rotating radius of the first cutters is increased, the first cutters are changed from mainly grinding to mainly cutting, the wear is reduced, and the tunneling efficiency is improved; the conical pile can be used to form lateral support, the drill bit is prevented from deviating and swinging, and efficient construction is realized; and the construction method provided by the application has the advantages of short construction period, high efficiency, safety and reliability, and good well forming effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of shaft construction technology, specifically to a high-efficiency shaft drilling rig and construction method for deep shaft construction in complex strata. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of the country in fields such as mine construction and infrastructure construction, vertical shafts are becoming increasingly common in various fields as a means of transportation, traffic or ventilation. As the scale of projects expands, the diameter and depth of vertical shafts are also increasing. Vertical shafts with a depth of over 600m and a diameter of over 8m are usually called "deep and large vertical shafts". In order to ensure construction efficiency and safety, and to comprehensively consider costs and environmental impact, these types of vertical shafts are generally drilled in the forward direction using vertical shaft drilling rigs.

[0003] Traditional vertical shaft drilling rigs typically use drill bits in a cone shape with the top removed. In longitudinal section, the center is flat with upturned sides. The cutting tool at the center of the drill bit has a small radius of rotation, low linear velocity, and weak ability to break up the rock and soil in the center of the excavation face. It is constantly in a grinding state, making it prone to wear. This limits the drill bit's rotational speed and excavation speed, resulting in low excavation efficiency. When encountering hard rock formations, the central cutting tool is unable to "grind," leading to uneven reaction forces applied to the drill bit from the excavation face. This can cause the drill bit to deviate and oscillate, affecting excavation stability and the final well completion result. It also has poor adaptability to complex formations. Because the central cutting tool wears quickly, its lifespan is not consistent with that of the surrounding cutting tools, making synchronous replacement difficult. This increases the number of times the drill bit needs to be lifted to replace cutting tools within a single cycle, significantly impacting construction efficiency.

[0004] Vertical shaft drilling rigs typically use air lift reverse circulation for cuttings removal during forward drilling. This requires injecting compressed air into the drill pipe cavity for air lift. Existing air delivery structures are broadly classified into three types: The first type is the drill pipe with an internal air tube, which uses an independent internal air tube for air delivery. Because the air tube is inserted in the center of the drill pipe cavity, it obstructs the discharge of cuttings and mud. Furthermore, each time the drill pipe is disassembled or reassembled, the internal air tube needs to be disconnected and reconnected, which is cumbersome, time-consuming, and labor-intensive, affecting drilling efficiency. The second type is the drill pipe with an external air tube, which delivers air through a connecting flange. The connecting flange has a complex structure, limited strength, and poor load-bearing capacity. The third type is the double-layer drill pipe, which delivers air through the cavity between the inner and outer pipes, such as those used in China. Patent CN105756574A discloses such a drill pipe. This drill pipe achieves axial fixation of adjacent drill pipes by interlocking the external toothed inserts on the inner tubes and the internal toothed inserts on the outer tubes to transmit lifting force. Then, the external gears on the upper and lower joints of adjacent drill pipes mesh with the external internal gear sleeves to achieve circumferential fixation of adjacent drill pipes to transmit torque. However, this structure is complex, difficult to manufacture, and costly. The torque needs to be transferred through the internal gear sleeve, which is not direct enough and has low transmission efficiency. The external gear and the internal gear sleeve are located on the outermost side and are in direct contact with the mud. Fine sand in the mud can easily enter the meshing surface, causing the external gear and the internal gear sleeve to stick together. Disassembly and reassembly are time-consuming and laborious, which seriously affects the construction efficiency.

[0005] Traditional vertical shaft drilling rigs do not have a walking function on their chassis. They need to be assembled at the lockhead after the vertical shaft lockhead is made. Since the lockhead making and drilling rig assembly are carried out sequentially, the total construction period is long and the construction efficiency is affected. In addition, there is a pit of a certain depth below the lockhead, which poses a high safety risk when assembling and debugging above the lockhead.

[0006] Because deep vertical shafts have high verticality requirements (usually controlled within 0.15%), and traditional vertical shaft drilling rigs do not have real-time detection capabilities for tunneling verticality, when tunneling to a set depth (usually around 50m), the drill bit needs to be lifted and an ultrasonic detector needs to be used to check the tunneling verticality, which seriously affects construction efficiency. If ultrasonic or optical detectors are installed on the drill bit or drill bit assembly for detection, it is difficult to achieve accurate measurement due to the influence of drill bit deviation, swaying, and mud and sand in the shaft. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to overcome one or more shortcomings in the prior art and provide a high-efficiency vertical shaft drilling rig and construction method for deep vertical shaft construction in complex formations.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the product in the technical solution adopted by this invention is a high-efficiency vertical shaft drilling rig for deep and large vertical shaft construction in complex formations, comprising:

[0009] A chassis that can be movably installed at the shaft lock opening;

[0010] The drill frame is mounted on the chassis and is shaped like a door frame. The drill frame includes two columns and a ring beam connected to the top of the two columns.

[0011] A support beam that can be moved up and down between the two longitudinal beams;

[0012] A lifting system for driving the support beam to move up and down;

[0013] The drill rod is suspended on the support beam, and the drill rod is composed of multiple drill rod segments connected sequentially from top to bottom;

[0014] The drill bit assembly is connected to the bottom of the drill pipe;

[0015] The drill bit assembly includes a transition joint, a guide, a connecting cylinder, and a drill bit connected sequentially from top to bottom. The drill bit includes a primary cutter head, which includes a cutter head base plate and drilling tools connected to the lower surface of the cutter head base plate. The cutter head base plate is bowl-shaped and includes a central hexagonal plate and side plates that are connected around the plate and extend outward and upward. The drilling tools include a first tool located at the center of the plate, a second tool located on the plate and around the first tool, a third tool located at the connection between the plate and the side plates, a fourth tool located on the side plates and close to the third tool, and a fifth tool located on the side plates and close to the upper edge of the side plates.

[0016] The first cutting tool extends obliquely upward from the outside to the inside, and the angle between the cutting edge of the first cutting tool and the plate is 5° to 9°. The cutting edge of the second cutting tool is parallel to the plate. The third, fourth, and fifth cutting tools extend obliquely upward from the inside to the outside. The third cutting tool includes an inner cutting tool located on the inside and an outer cutting tool located on the outside. The angle between the cutting edge of the inner cutting tool and the plate is 8° to 12°. The angle between the cutting edge of the outer cutting tool and the plate is 18° to 22°. The angle between the cutting edge of the fourth cutting tool and the plate is 28° to 32°. The angle between the cutting edge of the fifth cutting tool and the plate is 43° to 47°.

[0017] Preferably, the angle between the cutting edge of the first tool and the plate is 7°, the angle between the cutting edge of the inner tool and the plate is 10°, the angle between the cutting edge of the outer tool and the plate is 20°, the angle between the cutting edge of the fourth tool and the plate is 30°, and the angle between the cutting edge of the fifth tool and the plate is 45°.

[0018] More preferably, there are six side plates, each of which corresponds to one side of the flat plate. The angle between the side plate and the flat plate is 30°. The edges of adjacent side plates, the edges of the side plates adjacent to the flat plate, and the edges of the flat plate are bent vertically upward to form flange strips. Adjacent flange strips are locked together by through bolts.

[0019] Preferably, the drilling tool is connected to the cutter head base plate via a tool holder. The tool holder includes a saddle-type tool holder corresponding to the first tool, the second tool, and the inner tool, and a can-type tool holder corresponding to the outer tool, the fourth tool, and the fifth tool. During connection, the inner or outer side of the connecting surface of the tool holder is ground to create a height difference between the inner and outer sides of the connecting surface of the tool holder, so that an angle is formed between the cutting edge of the tool and the plate.

[0020] More preferably, the method for arranging the drilling tools includes the following steps:

[0021] a. Draw a bottom view of the cutter head base plate, mark the geometric center on the bottom view, and set up a two-dimensional coordinate system with the geometric center as the origin;

[0022] b. Preset the tool holder positions and mark them on the bottom view to obtain the preset position coordinates of all tool holders: B1(x1, y1), B2(x2, y2), ..., Bn(xn, yn);

[0023] c. Weigh each of the tool holders in sequence to obtain the tool holder weight values ​​G1, G2, ..., Gn;

[0024] d. Weigh the tools corresponding to each tool holder in sequence to obtain tool weight values ​​g1, g2, ..., gn;

[0025] e. Calculate the center of gravity position O(x0, y0) of all the tool holders and the tools, using the following formula:

[0026]

[0027] f. If x0 = 0 and y0 = 0, then the tool holder and the cutting tool are arranged on the cutter head base plate according to the preset position; if x0 ≠ 0 or y0 ≠ 0, then the preset position of the tool holder in step b is adjusted until x0 = 0 and y0 = 0, and then the tool holder and the cutting tool are arranged on the cutter head base plate according to the adjusted preset position.

[0028] Preferably, the primary cutter head further includes a cutter head bracket for supporting the cutter head base plate. The cutter head bracket includes a cylindrical bracket connected to the upper surface of the flat plate and a box beam bracket connected to the upper surface of the side plate. The axis of the cylindrical bracket passes through the center of the circumcircle of the flat plate and coincides with the axis of the connecting cylinder. The box beam bracket is connected to the side wall of the cylindrical bracket.

[0029] More preferably, the drill bit further includes a secondary cutter head, which includes a central cylinder, a cantilever support, an annular base plate, and a reaming tool. The central cylinder is coaxially arranged with the connecting cylinder, the upper end of the central cylinder is connected to the connecting cylinder, and the lower end of the central cylinder is connected to the cylindrical support. The cantilever support is connected to the side wall of the central cylinder and extends outward and upward at an angle. There are multiple cantilever supports, which are evenly distributed around the axis of the central cylinder. The annular base plate is connected to the bottom of all the cantilever supports, and the inner side of the annular base plate is lower than the outer side. The reaming tool is connected to the lower surface of the annular base plate. The reaming tool includes a sixth tool located on the inner side and a seventh tool located on the outer side. The angle between the cutting edge face of the sixth tool and the cutting edge face of the seventh tool is 5°, and the cutting edge face of the seventh tool is parallel to the cutting edge face of the fourth tool.

[0030] More preferably, the drill bit assembly further includes a slurry discharge assembly, which includes a slag collection trough and a slurry discharge pipe. The slag collection trough penetrates the cutterhead base plate and extends radially along the cylindrical support. One end of the slag collection trough is close to the center of the flat plate, and the other end of the slag collection trough extends to the middle of the side plate. The upper end of the slurry discharge pipe extends upward along the center of the cylindrical support, the center of the central cylinder, the center of the connecting cylinder, and the center of the guide, and connects to the lower end of the transition joint and communicates with the inner cavity of the transition joint. The lower end of the slurry discharge pipe is bent downward and outward and aligned with the slag collection trough. The bending angle of the lower end of the slurry discharge pipe is not less than 45°.

[0031] More preferably, the slurry discharge assembly further includes a slag collection trough scraper for collecting slurry and a slag collection trough scraper for crushing slag. The slag collection trough scraper is connected to the trough edge of the slag collection trough and extends vertically downward. The lower end of the slag collection trough scraper is provided with a trapezoidal notch for slurry to pass through. The slag collection trough scraper is connected to the lower surface of the cutter head base plate and is arranged around the trough edge of the slag collection trough. The lowest point of the slag collection trough scraper is lower than the slag collection trough scraper and higher than the cutting edge of the second cutter by 150mm to 200mm.

[0032] More preferably, both the drilling tool and the reaming tool are hobs, and the cutting edge is a plane formed by the lowest point of the hob. The hob includes a three-foot wedge hob and a two-and-a-half-foot wedge hob. The first tool, the second tool, the inner tool, the outer tool, the fourth tool, the fifth tool, the sixth tool, and the seventh tool each include multiple hobs. The trajectories of adjacent hobs within the same tool are staggered to form an overlapping portion with a width of 15mm to 25mm.

[0033] Preferably, the edge of the side plate is provided with an arc-shaped notch for the passage of mud. There are multiple arc-shaped notches and they are evenly distributed around the axis of the cylindrical support. The arc height of the arc-shaped notch is 7.5% to 8.0% of the diameter of the cutter head bottom plate projected in the vertical direction.

[0034] Preferably, the drill pipe segment includes a double-layer drill pipe segment with air supply function. The double-layer drill pipe segment includes an outer tube, an inner tube passing through the outer tube, and a toothed nest rotatably and slidably fitted on the outer tube. The outer tube includes an outer tube body, an upper outer tube connector coaxially connected to the upper end of the outer tube body, and a lower outer tube connector coaxially connected to the lower end of the outer tube body. In adjacent double-layer drill pipe segments, the lower outer tube connector of the upper double-layer drill pipe segment is inserted into the upper outer tube connector of the lower double-layer drill pipe segment. The outer wall of the lower outer tube connector is provided with an annular flange for limiting the insertion depth of the lower outer tube connector. An air passage for supplying compressed air is formed between the outer wall of the inner tube and the inner wall of the outer tube.

[0035] The outer wall of the upper connector of the outer tube is evenly distributed with external toothed inserts along the circumference. The upper edge of the external toothed insert is flush with the upper end face of the upper connector of the outer tube. The inner side wall of the toothed nest is provided with an internal toothed insert that matches the external toothed insert. The lower edge of the internal toothed insert is flush with the lower end face of the toothed nest. The internal toothed insert is offset and abuts against the lower part of the external toothed insert. The inner top wall of the toothed nest abuts against the upper end face of the annular flange, locking the adjacent double-layer drill pipe segments in the axial direction to transmit lifting force.

[0036] The projection of the inner wall of the upper connector of the outer tube in the vertical direction is a regular polygon, forming a regular prism hole with the edge of the hole flush with the upper end face of the upper connector of the outer tube. The projection of the outer wall of the lower connector of the outer tube in the vertical direction is a regular polygon, forming a regular prism with the lower edge flush with the lower end face of the lower connector of the outer tube. The regular prism is located below the annular flange. The regular prism matches the regular prism hole and is inserted into the regular prism hole, locking the adjacent double-layer drill rod segments in the circumferential direction to transmit torque.

[0037] More preferably, the regular prism hole is any one of a regular square prism hole, a regular pentagonal prism hole, a regular hexagonal prism hole, a regular heptagonal prism hole, or a regular octagonal prism hole, and the axis of the regular prism hole coincides with the axis of the outer tube body.

[0038] More preferably, the connection between the outer tube body and the upper and lower connectors of the outer tube is provided with an annular welded positioning stop. The annular welded positioning stop is located on the inner wall of the outer tube body and expands outward. The lower end of the upper connector and the upper end of the lower connector are provided with an inwardly recessed annular welded positioning plate. The annular welded positioning plate is inserted into the annular welded positioning stop and fits against the annular welded positioning stop.

[0039] More preferably, the inner tube includes an inner tube body coaxially inserted inside the outer tube body, an upper inner tube connector coaxially connected to the upper end of the inner tube body, and a lower inner tube connector coaxially connected to the lower end of the inner tube body. The air passage is formed between the outer wall of the inner tube body and the inner wall of the outer tube body. The upper end of the upper inner tube connector is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the upper outer tube connector, and the lower end face of the lower inner tube connector is flush with the lower end face of the lower outer tube connector.

[0040] More preferably, the inner wall of the upper connector of the outer tube is provided with a step, the step is located below the regular prism hole, the outer wall of the upper connector of the inner tube is provided with an annular skirt, the outer wall of the annular skirt is sealed to the vertical surface of the step, and the bottom wall of the annular skirt abuts against the horizontal surface of the step, so that the annular skirt rests on the step.

[0041] More preferably, the upper end face of the annular skirt is coaxially provided with an annular groove, and the bottom of the lower connector of the outer tube is provided with a downwardly extending annular peripheral plate. The annular peripheral plate is inserted into the annular groove, and the outer wall of the annular peripheral plate is dynamically sealed to the side wall of the annular groove.

[0042] More preferably, the bottom wall of the annular groove is provided with a downwardly extending through hole, the through hole being an oblong hole extending along the circumferential direction of the annular groove, the through hole communicating with the air passage, and there are multiple through holes evenly distributed along the axis of the annular groove.

[0043] More preferably, in adjacent double-layer drill pipe sections, the lower inner tube connector of the upper double-layer drill pipe section is inserted into the upper inner tube connector of the lower double-layer drill pipe section. The lower end of the lower inner tube connector is provided with an annular inner shroud plate, which is inserted into the upper inner tube connector and dynamically sealed to the inner wall of the upper inner tube connector. The outer wall of the lower inner tube connector is connected with an outwardly extending positioning block. There are multiple positioning blocks evenly distributed along the axis of the lower inner tube connector, and there is a gap between the outer end face of the positioning block and the inner wall face of the lower outer tube connector.

[0044] More preferably, the method for manufacturing the double-layer drill pipe segments includes:

[0045] S1. Construction preparation;

[0046] S2. Fabricate the inner tube body, the upper inner tube connector, the lower inner tube connector, the outer tube body, the upper outer tube connector, the lower outer tube connector, and the toothed nest according to the drawings;

[0047] S3. Weld the upper connector of the inner tube to the upper end of the inner tube body and the lower connector of the inner tube to the lower end of the inner tube body to obtain the inner tube; weld the upper connector of the outer tube to the upper end of the outer tube body to obtain component A;

[0048] S4. Insert the inner tube into the component A from top to bottom until the lower connector of the inner tube protrudes from the lower end of the component A, and weld at least three positioning blocks evenly distributed along the axis of the lower connector of the inner tube to the outer wall of the lower connector of the inner tube.

[0049] S5. Insert the toothed nest into component A from the lower connector of the inner tube;

[0050] S6. Insert the lower outer tube connector along the positioning block from the lower end of the inner tube until the annular welded positioning plate at the upper end of the lower outer tube connector is inserted into the annular welded positioning stop at the lower end of component A. Weld the joint between the lower outer tube connector and component A from the outside to combine the lower outer tube connector and component A into an outer tube.

[0051] S7. A sealing ring is fitted onto the inner tube connector, and the inner tube is continued to be inserted until the annular skirt of the inner tube connector abuts against the step on the inner wall of the outer tube connector. The joint between the annular skirt and the step is welded from above to fix the inner tube and the outer tube in place.

[0052] S8. A sealing ring is fitted on the lower joint of the inner tube and the lower joint of the outer tube to form a double-layer drill pipe segment;

[0053] S9. Fabricate multiple sections of the aforementioned double-layer drill pipe and perform interchangeability disassembly and assembly tests on the upper and lower connections, and reject defective products;

[0054] S10. Complete the fabrication of the double-layer drill pipe segment.

[0055] More preferably, the inner tube body of the lowest double-layer drill rod segment is provided with multiple rows of mixing air holes in the middle, each row of mixing air holes having multiple holes and being evenly distributed along the axis of the inner tube body, the mixing air holes being used to connect the air passage and the inner cavity of the inner tube body.

[0056] Preferably, the upper end face of the tooth nest is provided with a downwardly extending through groove, the through groove is aligned with the tooth socket of the inner tooth inlay, the width of the through groove in the circumferential direction of the tooth nest corresponds to the width of the tooth socket of the inner tooth in the circumferential direction of the tooth nest, the tooth nest also includes a pluggable locking plate inserted in the through groove, the lower end of the locking plate extends downward into the tooth socket of the inner tooth inlay.

[0057] More preferably, the outer wall of the toothed nest is provided with a threaded hole extending in the radial direction of the toothed nest, the threaded hole is connected to the through groove, the threaded hole is used to connect the set screw that abuts against the locking plate, the upper end of the locking plate is connected to a handle seat for abutting against the upper end face of the toothed nest, and the handle seat is connected to a handle for easy insertion and removal of the locking plate.

[0058] Preferably, the lifting system includes a lifting cylinder, a carriage arm, and a cross hinge. The lifting cylinder is disposed within the longitudinal beam and includes a hydraulic rod and a cylinder body sleeved on the hydraulic rod. The lower end of the hydraulic rod is hinged to the bottom of the drill frame, and the upper end of the hydraulic rod extends upward. The upper end of the cylinder body is provided with a stroke sensor for detecting the displacement of the hydraulic rod, and the middle of the cylinder body has an outwardly protruding cylindrical protrusion. The carriage arm is sleeved on the cylinder body and located below the cylindrical protrusion. The side of the carriage arm is connected to the end of the support beam. The upper end face of the carriage arm is provided with an upwardly extending lug plate, and a pin is vertically inserted through the lug plate; the cross hinge seat is sleeved on the cylinder body and located above the carriage arm. The cross hinge seat is provided with front and rear through holes, left and right through holes and lug grooves. The front and rear through holes match the cylindrical protrusions, and the cylindrical protrusions pass through the front and rear through holes. The lug grooves are opened on the bottom surface of the cross hinge seat and are perpendicular to the left and right through holes. The lug grooves are used to accommodate the lug plate. The two ends of the pin pass through the left and right through holes, forming a simply supported beam structure.

[0059] More preferably, the pin includes a cylindrical body and a cover plate connected to the outer end face of the body. The left and right through holes are countersunk holes. The countersunk steps of the left and right through holes are located outside the lug groove and close to the outer opening of the left and right through holes. When the pin passes through the left and right through holes, the cover plate is fitted and connected to the countersunk steps. The outer side of the cover plate is flush with the edge of the outer opening.

[0060] More preferably, the countersunk step is provided with a plurality of threaded holes evenly distributed along the axis of the left and right through holes, and the cover plate is provided with bolt holes corresponding to the threaded holes one by one. The bolt holes are countersunk holes, and the outer end face of the locking bolt is flush with the edge of the outer opening of the left and right through holes. The cover plate is locked onto the countersunk step by locking bolts that pass through the bolt holes and are threadedly connected to the threaded holes.

[0061] More preferably, the bottom surface of the cross hinge seat is provided with a mounting groove, the bottom wall of the mounting groove is provided with an upwardly extending upper semicircular hole, a detachable retaining plate is connected in the mounting groove, the retaining plate is provided with a downwardly extending lower semicircular hole, the lower semicircular hole is aligned with the upper semicircular hole, together forming the front and rear through holes.

[0062] Preferably, the chassis includes a chassis frame, a lifting and traveling mechanism, and a support platform. The chassis frame has a rectangular projection in the vertical direction and includes vertically connected crossbeams and longitudinal beams. The longitudinal beams are positioned above the rail groove. The lifting and traveling mechanism includes a lifting cylinder and a wheel assembly. The lifting cylinder includes a cylinder body embedded in the longitudinal beam and a hydraulic rod that can extend downward from the longitudinal beam. The wheel assembly includes a wheel seat and a wheel. The wheel seat is connected to the lower end of the hydraulic rod, and the wheel is rotatably mounted on the wheel seat and positioned directly above the rail in the rail groove. The support platform is connected to the lower surface of the longitudinal beam. The support platform is a cuboid, and its width is greater than the width of the rail groove. There are multiple support platforms and multiple lifting and traveling mechanisms, which are spaced apart. There are no more than two lifting and traveling mechanisms between adjacent support platforms.

[0063] When the hydraulic rod extends, the wheel can press against the rail and lift the chassis frame. When the hydraulic rod retracts, the wheel disengages from the rail, and the support platform presses against the support surface where the rail groove is located, thus supporting the chassis frame.

[0064] Preferably, the high-efficiency vertical shaft drilling rig for deep vertical shaft construction in complex strata further includes a verticality detection system for real-time detection of the verticality of the drill bit assembly. The verticality detection system includes a hollow annular sleeve, a measuring cylinder, buoyancy fluid, a float, and a displacement sensor. The hollow annular sleeve is coaxially fitted onto the connecting cylinder and rotates synchronously with the connecting cylinder. The measuring cylinder is fixed inside the hollow annular sleeve and extends along a direction parallel to the axis of the hollow annular sleeve. The buoyancy fluid is poured into the measuring cylinder, and the amount of buoyancy fluid poured in is one-third to one-half of the internal volume of the measuring cylinder. The float floats on the buoyancy fluid. The displacement sensor is used to detect the displacement value of the float. There are at least two measuring cylinders symmetrically distributed on both sides of the axis of the hollow annular sleeve. These two measuring cylinders are connected so that the buoyancy fluid can move within the two measuring cylinders following the tilt of the drill bit assembly.

[0065] More preferably, the side wall of the measuring cylinder is provided with a vertical through hole, and an arc-shaped tube is connected between the vertical through holes of the two measuring cylinders to connect the two measuring cylinders. The arc-shaped tube is located inside the hollow annular sleeve, and the plane of the arc-shaped tube is perpendicular to the axis of the hollow annular sleeve. The outer diameter of the float matches the inner diameter of the measuring cylinder, so that the contact line between the outer wall of the float and the inner wall of the measuring cylinder is an annular line. When the drill assembly rotates, the buoyancy fluid is located below the contact line.

[0066] More preferably, the high-efficiency vertical shaft drilling rig for deep vertical shaft construction in complex strata further includes a processing system for receiving the displacement value detected by the displacement sensor. The processing system calculates the inclination of the drill bit assembly based on the displacement value to achieve real-time detection of the drilling verticality. The processing system includes a first relay module disposed within the hollow annular sleeve, a second relay module suspended within the vertical shaft and located above the guide, and a processing center disposed on the chassis for calculating the inclination. The first relay module is electrically connected to the displacement sensor, the second relay module is wirelessly connected to the first relay module, and the second relay module is electrically connected to the processing center via a signal cable, so that the displacement value detected by the displacement sensor can be transmitted to the processing center via the first relay module, the second relay module, and the signal cable.

[0067] More preferably, the first relay module includes a signal receiving unit, a signal processing unit, a wireless communication unit, and a power supply. The signal receiving unit is electrically connected to the displacement sensor and the signal processing unit, and is used to receive the displacement value detected by the displacement sensor and transmit it to the signal processing unit. The signal processing unit transmits the displacement value to the second relay module through the wireless communication unit. The power supply is used to power the signal receiving unit, the signal processing unit, the wireless communication unit, and the displacement sensor.

[0068] More preferably, the second relay module is suspended inside the shaft by a steel wire rope along the shaft wall, and the chassis is also equipped with a steel wire rope winch for winding and unwinding the steel wire rope.

[0069] More preferably, the hollow annular sleeve is provided with an annular fixing plate, the upper end of the measuring cylinder is connected to the lower surface of the annular fixing plate, the first relay module is disposed on the upper surface of the annular fixing plate, the displacement sensor extends in a direction parallel to the measuring cylinder, the lower end of the displacement sensor is connected to the float, and the upper end of the displacement sensor penetrates the annular fixing plate and is connected to the upper surface of the annular fixing plate, or the upper end of the displacement sensor is connected to the lower surface of the annular fixing plate.

[0070] More preferably, the upper end face of the hollow annular sleeve is provided with an upwardly extending upper connecting bolt sleeve, the upper connecting bolt sleeve being used to accommodate the connecting bolt between the central cylinder of the guide and the hollow annular sleeve, the upper end face of the upper connecting bolt sleeve abutting against the central cylinder of the guide; and / or, the lower end face of the hollow annular sleeve is provided with a downwardly extending lower connecting bolt sleeve, the lower connecting bolt sleeve being used to accommodate the connecting bolt between the central cylinder of the guide and the hollow annular sleeve, the lower end face of the lower connecting bolt sleeve abutting against the central cylinder of the guide.

[0071] To achieve the above objectives, the method in the technical solution adopted by the present invention is a construction method for deep and large vertical shaft construction in complex strata, including: construction preparation, site foundation construction and drilling rig track laying, lock joint construction, drilling rig assembly and debugging, mud pit construction and mud preparation, primary drilling, verticality measurement, secondary drilling, verticality re-measurement, well washing and mud preparation, well wall prefabrication, well wall sinking, well wall straightening and strong fixing, backfilling and cementing, drainage, backfilling quality inspection, secondary grouting and sealing, and construction completion. The primary drilling and secondary drilling are carried out using the above-mentioned high-efficiency vertical shaft drilling rig for deep and large vertical shaft construction in complex strata.

[0072] Preferably, the lock construction, drilling rig assembly and commissioning, mud pit construction and mud preparation are carried out simultaneously, and the well wall prefabrication is carried out simultaneously with the lock construction, drilling rig assembly and commissioning, mud pit construction and mud preparation, primary drilling, verticality measurement, secondary drilling, verticality re-measurement, well washing and mud preparation.

[0073] Due to the application of the above-mentioned technical solution, the high-efficiency vertical shaft drilling rig for deep and large vertical shaft construction in complex formations provided by this invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0074] By limiting the cutting edge angles of the first, second, inner, outer, fourth, and fifth cutting tools, a high-sided, flat-center excavation face can be maintained, facilitating the gravity flow of mud from the shaft wall to the excavation face. Simultaneously, an upward-convex conical pile can be formed at the center of the excavation face, increasing the rotation radius of the first cutting tool. Since the surrounding rock and soil are pre-fractured, even when encountering hard rock strata, the difficulty of fracturing the conical pile can be significantly reduced. This transforms the first cutting tool from primarily grinding to primarily cutting, reducing wear and improving tunneling efficiency. Furthermore, the reaction force of the conical pile can provide lateral support to the first cutting tool, preventing drill bit deviation and swaying, thus achieving efficient construction.

[0075] Due to the application of the above technical solution, the construction method for deep vertical shaft construction in complex strata provided by this invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0076] 1. The various processes are connected in a reasonable manner, which shortens the construction period to the greatest extent.

[0077] 2. The two-stage drilling method has reasonable requirements for the performance of the drilling rig and high overall drilling efficiency.

[0078] 3. The verticality detection system can monitor the verticality of the shaft drilling in real time, avoiding the need for repeated logging during traditional shaft drilling; the ultrasonic logging tool only needs to perform re-testing after the first drilling, the second drilling, and the well wall sinking and cementing, saving a lot of logging time.

[0079] 4. The grouting pipe prefabricated inside the well wall can ensure the quality and safety of grouting.

[0080] 5. The well wall is firmly fixed to ensure its verticality. Attached Figure Description

[0081] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0082] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A magnified view of a portion of point A in the middle.

[0083] Figure 3 yes Figure 1A bottom-view diagram of the drill bit.

[0084] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 The diagram shows the structure of two types of wedge hobs and the diagram showing the staggered arrangement of the hobs.

[0085] Figure 5 yes Figure 1 A magnified view of a portion of point B in the middle.

[0086] Figure 6 yes Figure 1 A magnified view of a portion of point C.

[0087] Figure 7 yes Figure 5 A magnified view of a portion of point F in the middle.

[0088] Figure 8 yes Figure 1 A three-dimensional enlarged schematic diagram of the segmented double-layer drill pipe.

[0089] Figure 9 yes Figure 1 A diagram illustrating the fabrication steps for a double-layer drill pipe segment.

[0090] Figure 10 yes Figure 1 Enlarged 3D schematic diagram of the middle chassis and drill frame.

[0091] Figure 11 Figure 10 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the mid-chassis.

[0092] Figure 12 yes Figure 10 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the central drilling rig.

[0093] Figure 13 yes Figure 12 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the lifting mechanism.

[0094] Figure 14 yes Figure 13 Enlarged 3D schematic diagram of the central cross hinge.

[0095] Figure 15 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of another embodiment of the present invention.

[0096] Figure 16 yes Figure 15 A magnified view of a portion of point D.

[0097] Figure 17 yes Figure 15 A magnified view of a portion of point E in the middle.

[0098] Figure 18 yes Figure 15 A three-dimensional enlarged schematic diagram of a hollow ring sleeve.

[0099] Figure 19 yes Figure 16 A schematic diagram of the structure of the first relay module.

[0100] Figure 20 This is a flowchart of the construction method in this invention.

[0101] The components are as follows: 10. Chassis; 11. Chassis frame; 111. Crossbeam; 112. Longitudinal beam; 113. Rail groove; 12. Lifting cylinder; 121. First cylinder body; 122. First hydraulic rod; 13. Wheel assembly; 131. Wheel seat; 132. Wheel; 133. Rail; 14. Support platform; 20. Drill frame; 21. Column; 22. Ring beam; 30. Support beam; 31. Main drive; 40. Lifting system; 41. Lifting cylinder; 411. Second hydraulic rod; 412. Second cylinder body; 413. Stroke sensor; 414. Cylindrical protrusion; 42. Slide arm; 421. Lifting lug plate; 422. Pin; 4221. Body part; 4222. Cover plate part; 4223. Bolt hole; 43. Cross hinge seat; 43 1. Front and rear through holes; 432. Left and right through holes; 433. Lifting lug groove; 434. Mounting groove; 4341. Upper semi-circular hole; 4342. Clamping plate; 4343. Lower semi-circular hole; 44. Locking bolt; 50. Drill rod; 51. Single-layer drill rod segment; 52. Double-layer drill rod segment; 521. Outer tube body; 5211. Annular welded positioning stop; 522. Upper connector of outer tube; 5221. External toothed insert; 5222. Regular hexagonal prism hole; 5223. First annular welded positioning plate; 5224. Step; 523. Lower connector of outer tube; 5231. Annular flange; 5232. Regular hexagonal prism; 5233. Second annular welded positioning plate; 5234. Annular outer plate; 524. Air passage; 525. Inner tube body; 525 1. Mixing vent; 526. Inner tube upper connector; 5261. Annular skirt; 5262. Annular groove; 5263. Through hole; 527. Inner tube lower connector; 5271. Annular inner circumference plate; 5272. Positioning block; 5273. Gap; 528. Toothed nest; 5281. Internal toothed insert; 5282. Through groove; 5283. Locking insert plate; 5284. Threaded hole; 5285. Handle seat; 5286. Handle; 60. Drill bit assembly; 61. Transition joint; 62. Guide; 63. Connecting cylinder; 64. Drill bit; 641. First-stage cutter head; 642. Cutter head base plate; 6421. Flat plate; 6422. Side plate; 6423. Flange strip; 6424. Arc-shaped notch; 6431. First cutting tool; 6432. Second cutter; 6433. Inner cutter; 6434. Outer cutter; 6435. Fourth cutter; 6436. Fifth cutter; 6441. Saddle-type cutter holder; 6442. Can-type cutter holder; 645. Cutter head support; 6451. Cylindrical support; 6452. Box beam support; 646. Secondary cutter head; 6461. Central cylinder; 6462. Cantilever support; 6463. Annular base plate; 6464. Sixth cutter; 6465. Seventh cutter; 65. Slurry discharge assembly; 651. Slag collection trough; 652. Slurry discharge pipe; 653. Slag collection trough scraper; 6531. Trapezoidal notch; 654. Slag collection trough scraper; 661. Three-foot wedge-tooth hob; 662. Two-and-a-half-foot wedge-tooth hob; 663. Overlapping part; 71. Hollow annular sleeve; 711.712. Annular fixing plate; 713. Upper connecting bolt cylinder; 72. Measuring cylinder; 721. Vertical through hole; 722. Arc-shaped tube; 73. Buoyancy fluid; 74. Float; 741. Contact wire; 75. Displacement sensor; 81. First relay module; 82. Second relay module; 821. Wire rope; 822. Wire rope winch; 823. Signal cable; 83. Processing center. Detailed Implementation

[0102] The vertical direction in this invention refers to Figure 1 In this invention, the direction from the inside out refers to the direction from the center of the shaft to the shaft wall, while the direction from the shaft wall to the center of the shaft refers to the direction from the inside out.

[0103] like Figures 1 to 4As shown, the high-efficiency vertical shaft drilling rig for deep and large vertical shaft construction in complex formations provided by the present invention includes a chassis 10, a drill frame 20, a support beam 30, a hoisting system 40, a drill rod 50, and a drill bit assembly 60. The chassis 10 is horizontally movable and positioned at the shaft anchor point. The drill frame 20 is mounted on the chassis 10 and is frame-shaped, including two columns 21 and a ring beam 22 connecting the tops of the two columns 21. The support beam 30 is vertically movable and erected between the two columns 21, with a main drive 31 connected to its upper surface for driving the drill rod 50 to rotate. The hoisting system 40 drives the support beam. The support beam 30 moves up and down; the drill rod 50 is suspended at the bottom of the support beam 30, and the drill rod 50 is composed of multiple drill rod segments connected sequentially from top to bottom; the drill bit assembly 60 is connected to the bottom of the drill rod 50, and the drill bit assembly 60 includes a transition joint 61, a guide 62, a connecting sleeve 63, and a drill bit 64 connected sequentially from top to bottom. The drill bit 64 includes a primary cutter head 641, which includes a cutter head base plate 642 and drilling tools connected to the lower surface of the cutter head base plate 642. The cutter head base plate 642 is bowl-shaped and includes a centrally located regular hexagonal plate 6421 and drilling tools connected to the periphery of the plate 6421 and extending outwards. The side plate 6422 extends upward at an incline. The drilling tools include a first tool 6431 located at the center of the flat plate 6421, a second tool 6432 located on the flat plate 6421 and surrounding the first tool 6431, a third tool located at the connection between the flat plate 6421 and the side plate 6422, a fourth tool 6435 located on the side plate 6422 and near the third tool, and a fifth tool 6436 located on the side plate 6422 and near its upper edge. The first tool 6431 extends upward at an incline from the outside in, and the angle between the cutting edge of the first tool 6431 and the flat plate is 7°. The second tool... The cutting edge of 6432 is parallel to the flat plate 6421. The third, fourth, and fifth cutting tools 6435 and 6436 extend upwards and outwards from the inside. The third cutting tool includes an inner cutting tool 6433 located on the inside and an outer cutting tool 6434 located on the outside. The angle between the cutting edge of the inner cutting tool 6433 and the flat plate 6421 is preferably 10°. The angle between the cutting edge of the outer cutting tool 6434 and the flat plate 6421 is preferably 20°. The angle between the cutting edge of the fourth cutting tool 6435 and the flat plate 6421 is preferably 30°. The angle between the cutting edge of the fifth cutting tool 6436 and the flat plate 6421 is preferably 45°.

[0104] The advantages of this design are: it preserves the excavation face with high sides and a flat center, facilitating the gravity flow of mud from the shaft wall to the excavation face; it also forms an upward-convex conical pile at the center of the excavation face, increasing the rotation radius of the first cutter 6431; since the rock and soil around the conical pile have been pre-fractured, even when encountering hard rock strata, the difficulty of fracturing the conical pile can be greatly reduced, thus transforming the first cutter 6431 from grinding-based to cutting-based, reducing wear, improving tunneling efficiency; and it can also use the reaction force of the conical pile to provide lateral support for the first cutter 6431, preventing the drill bit from deviating or swaying, and achieving efficient construction.

[0105] Furthermore, there are six side plates 6422, each corresponding to one edge of the plate 6421. The included angle between the side plate 6422 and the plate 6421 is equal to the included angle between the cutting edge of the fourth tool 6435 and the plate 6421, which is also 30°. This arrangement facilitates the setting of the fourth tool 6435. The edges of adjacent side plates 6422, the edges of side plates 6422 adjacent to the plate 6421, and the edges of the plate 6421 are bent vertically upward to form flange strips 6423. Adjacent flange strips 6423 are locked together by through bolts to connect the cutter head base plate 642 into a whole.

[0106] To enhance support for the cutter head base plate 642, the primary cutter head 641 also includes a cutter head bracket 645 for supporting the cutter head base plate 642. The cutter head bracket 645 includes a cylindrical bracket 6451 connected to the upper surface of the plate 6421 and a box beam bracket 6452 connected to the upper surface of the side plate 6422. The axis of the cylindrical bracket 6451 passes through the center of the circumcircle of the plate 6421 and coincides with the axis of the connecting cylinder 63. The box beam bracket 6452 is connected to the side wall of the cylindrical bracket 6451.

[0107] Furthermore, the drill bit 64 also includes a secondary cutterhead 646, which includes a central cylinder 6461, a cantilever support 6462, an annular base plate 6463, and a reaming tool. The central cylinder 6461 is coaxially arranged with the connecting cylinder 63. The upper end of the central cylinder 6461 is connected to the connecting cylinder 63, and the lower end of the central cylinder 6461 is connected to the cylindrical support 6451. The cantilever support 6462 is connected to the side wall of the central cylinder 6461 and extends outward and upward at an angle. There are multiple cantilever supports 6462 surrounding the central cylinder 6461. The centerline of the core tube 6461 is evenly distributed. The annular base plate 6463 is connected to the bottom of all the cantilever supports 6462. The inner side of the annular base plate 6463 is lower than the outer side. The reaming tool is connected to the lower surface of the annular base plate 6463. The reaming tool includes a sixth tool 6464 located on the inner side and a seventh tool 6465 located on the outer side. The included angle between the cutting edge face of the sixth tool 6464 and the cutting edge face of the seventh tool 6465 is 5°. The cutting edge face of the seventh tool 6465 is parallel to the cutting edge face of the fourth tool 6435.

[0108] Furthermore, both the drilling tools and the reaming tools are hobbing cutters, which reduces the types of spare parts and facilitates replacement. The cutting edge is a plane formed by the lowest point of the hobbing cutter. The hobbing cutters include a three-foot wedge-tooth hobbing cutter 661 and a two-and-a-half-foot wedge-tooth hobbing cutter 662. The first cutter 6431, the second cutter 6432, the inner cutter 6433, the outer cutter 6434, the fourth cutter 6435, the fifth cutter 6436, the sixth cutter 6464, and the seventh cutter 6465 each include multiple hobbing cutters. The trajectories of adjacent hobbing cutters within the same cutter are staggered to form an overlapping part 663 with a width of 15mm to 25mm. This arrangement can prevent ridges from appearing on the excavation face and improve tunneling efficiency.

[0109] Furthermore, the drilling tool and the reaming tool are connected to the cutter head base plate 642 and the annular base plate 6363 via tool holders. The tool holders include saddle-type tool holders 6441 corresponding to the first tool 6431, the second tool 6432, and the inner tool 6433, and can-type tool holders 6442 corresponding to the outer tool 6434, the fourth tool 6435, the fifth tool 6436, the sixth tool 6464, and the seventh tool 6465. The saddle-type tool holder 6441 can reduce the space occupied and facilitate the placement of the inner tools. The can-type tool holder 6442 can improve the torque bearing capacity and make on-site replacement simpler and more convenient. During connection, the inner or outer side of the connecting surface of the grinding tool holder creates a height difference between the inner and outer sides of the tool holder connecting surface, causing an angle between the cutting edge of the tool and the flat plate 6421.

[0110] Due to the large number of cutting tools, after the primary cutterhead 641 and secondary cutterhead 646 are set up, there will inevitably be a deviation in the center of gravity, which can easily generate bending moments and is detrimental to the stability during the tunneling process. To solve this problem, in this embodiment, the method for setting up the drilling tools includes the following steps:

[0111] a. Draw a bottom view of the cutter head base plate 642, mark the geometric center on the bottom view, and set up a two-dimensional coordinate system with the geometric center as the origin;

[0112] b. Preset the tool holder positions and mark them on the bottom view to obtain the preset position coordinates of all tool holders: B1(x1, y1), B2(x2, y2), ..., Bn(xn, yn);

[0113] c. Weigh each tool holder in sequence to obtain the tool holder weight values ​​G1, G2, ..., Gn;

[0114] d. Weigh the tool corresponding to each tool holder in sequence to obtain the tool weight values ​​g1, g2, ..., gn;

[0115] e. Calculate the center of gravity position O(x0, y0) of all tool holders and tools. The calculation formula is:

[0116]

[0117] f. If x0 = 0 and y0 = 0, then place the tool holder and the cutting tool on the tool turret base plate according to the preset position; if x0 ≠ 0 or y0 ≠ 0, then adjust the preset position of the tool holder in step b until x0 = 0 and y0 = 0, and then place the tool holder and the cutting tool on the tool turret base plate according to the adjusted preset position.

[0118] For ease of operation, steps b to f can be performed separately according to the classification of the first tool 6431, the second tool 6432, the inner tool 6433, the outer tool 6434, the fourth tool 6435, and the fifth tool 6436.

[0119] The layout of the reaming tool should refer to the layout method of the drilling tool.

[0120] In this embodiment, the drill bit assembly 60 further includes a slurry discharge assembly 65, which includes a slag collection trough 651, a slurry discharge pipe 652, a slag collection trough scraper 653, and a slag collection trough scraper 654. The slag collection trough 651 penetrates the cutterhead bottom plate 642 and extends radially along the cylindrical support 6451. One end of the slag collection trough 651 is close to the center of the flat plate 6421, and the other end extends to the middle of the side plate 6422. The upper end of the slurry discharge pipe 652 extends along the middle of the cylindrical support 6451. The center of the core, the center of the central cylinder 6461, the center of the connecting cylinder 63, and the center of the guide 62 extend upwards, connecting to the lower end of the transition joint 61 and communicating with the inner cavity of the transition joint 61. The lower end of the slurry discharge pipe 652 bends downwards and outwards, aligning with the slag collection trough 651. The bending angle of the lower end of the slurry discharge pipe 652 is 50°. The slag collection trough scraper 653 is used to collect slurry. The slag collection trough scraper 653 is connected to the edge of the slag collection trough 651 and extends vertically downwards. The lower end of the slag collection trough scraper 653 is equipped with a function... A trapezoidal notch 6531 is provided for the passage of mud; a slag collection trough scraper 654 is used for crushing slag and stone. The slag collection trough scraper 654 is connected to the lower surface of the cutter head base plate 642 and is arranged around the groove edge of the slag collection trough 651. The lowest point of the slag collection trough scraper 654 is lower than the slag collection trough scraper 653 and higher than the cutting edge of the second cutter 6432 by 150mm to 200mm; at the same time, the edge of the side plate 6422 is provided with an arc-shaped notch 6424 for the passage of mud. There are multiple arc-shaped notches 6424 and they surround the cylindrical support 64. The axis of 51 is evenly distributed. The arc height of the arc notch 6424 affects the mud flow rate and mud velocity. If the arc height is too high, the mud velocity is low, and the mud has a poor scouring and cleaning effect on the cutter when it flows by itself. If the arc height is too low, the mud flow rate is low, and cavitation is likely to occur when the mud is discharged. The arc height of the arc notch 6424 is preferably 7.5% to 8.0% of the projected diameter of the cutter head base plate 642 in the vertical direction. In this embodiment, the arc height of the arc notch 6424 is 7.75% of the projected diameter of the cutter head base plate 642 in the vertical direction.

[0121] In this embodiment, as Figure 1 , Figures 5 to 9 As shown, the drill pipe segment includes a single-layer drill pipe segment 51 and a double-layer drill pipe segment 52 with gas delivery function. The single-layer drill pipe segment 51 is entirely located below the double-layer drill pipe segment 52. The lowermost single-layer drill pipe segment 51 is connected to the upper end of the transition joint 61 and communicates with the inner cavity of the transition joint 61. The uppermost single-layer drill pipe segment 51 is connected to the lowermost double-layer drill pipe segment 52. The double-layer drill pipe segment 52 includes an outer tube, an inner tube passing through the outer tube, and a toothed nest 528 rotatably and slidably fitted on the outer tube. The outer tube includes an outer tube body 521 and a toothed nest 528 coaxially connected to the upper end of the outer tube body 521. The upper connector 522 and the lower connector 523 coaxially connected to the lower end of the outer tube body 521 are, in adjacent double-layer drill pipe sections 52, the lower connector 523 of the upper double-layer drill pipe section 52 is inserted into the upper connector 522 of the lower double-layer drill pipe section 52. The outer wall of the lower connector 523 is provided with an annular flange 5231 for limiting the insertion depth of the lower connector 523. An air passage 524 for conveying compressed air is formed between the outer wall of the inner tube and the inner wall of the outer tube. The outer wall of the upper connector 522 is evenly distributed with external toothed inserts 5221 in the circumferential direction. The inner wall of the toothed nest 528, flush with the upper end face of the outer tube connector 522, is provided with an inner toothed insert 5281 that matches the outer toothed insert 5221. The lower edge of the inner toothed insert 5281 is flush with the lower end face of the toothed nest 528. The inner toothed insert 5281 is offset and abuts against the lower part of the outer toothed insert 5221. The inner top wall of the toothed nest 528 abuts against the upper end face of the annular flange 5231, locking the adjacent double-layer drill rod segments 52 in the axial direction to transmit lifting force. The projection of the inner wall of the outer tube connector 522 in the vertical direction is a regular hexagon, forming a regular hexagonal prism hole with the hole edge flush with the upper end face of the outer tube connector 522. 5222, the axis of the regular hexagonal prism hole 5222 coincides with the axis of the outer tube body 521. The projection of the outer wall of the lower connector 523 in the vertical direction is a regular hexagon, forming a regular hexagonal prism 5232 whose lower edge is flush with the lower end face of the lower connector 523. The regular hexagonal prism 5232 is located below the annular flange 5231. The regular hexagonal prism 5232 matches the regular hexagonal prism hole 5222 and is inserted into the regular hexagonal prism hole 5222, locking the adjacent double-layer drill rod segment 52 in the circumferential direction to transmit torque; the single-layer drill rod segment 51 only has the outer tube part of the double-layer drill rod segment 52.

[0122] The advantages of this design are: it allows for direct torque transmission via the fit between the regular hexagonal prism 5232 and the regular hexagonal prism hole 5222, eliminating the need for intermediate connections and resulting in high torque transmission efficiency; simultaneously, the structures of the upper outer tube connector 522, the lower outer tube connector 523, and the upper and lower inner tube connectors are simplified. Since the inner threaded insert 5281 is located on the inner wall of the threaded nest 528, and the threaded nest 528 can rotate relative to the outer tube, the outer threaded insert 5221 of the upper outer tube connector 522 and the regular hexagonal prism hole 5222 do not require alignment. The processing of each joint is simple and inexpensive. In addition, after the regular hexagonal prism hole 5222 and the regular hexagonal prism 5232 are fitted together, the whole is located inside the outer tube and does not come into direct contact with the mud. The fine sand in the mud is not easy to enter the mating surface of the regular hexagonal prism hole 5222 and the regular hexagonal prism 5232. Furthermore, the mating surface of the regular hexagonal prism hole 5222 and the regular hexagonal prism 5232 is relatively straight. Even if a small amount of fine sand enters, it is not easy to form adhesion. The disassembly and assembly takes less time and does not affect the construction efficiency.

[0123] In this embodiment, an annular welding positioning stop 5211 is provided at the connection between the outer tube body 521 and the upper connector 522 and the lower connector 523. The annular welding positioning stop 5211 is located on the inner wall of the outer tube body 521 and expands outward. The lower end of the upper connector 522 is provided with a first annular welding positioning plate 5223 that is recessed, and the upper end of the lower connector 523 is provided with a second annular welding positioning plate 5233 that is recessed. The first annular welding positioning plate 5223 and the second annular welding positioning plate 5233 are inserted into the annular welding positioning stop 5211 and fit against the annular welding positioning stop 5211 to facilitate positioning welding.

[0124] In this embodiment, the inner tube includes an inner tube body 525 coaxially inserted within the outer tube body 521, an inner tube upper connector 526 coaxially connected to the upper end of the inner tube body 525, and an inner tube lower connector 527 coaxially connected to the lower end of the inner tube body 525. An air passage 524 is formed between the outer wall of the inner tube body 525 and the inner wall of the outer tube body 521. The upper end of the inner tube upper connector 526 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer tube upper connector 522, and the lower end face of the inner tube lower connector 527 is connected to the inner wall of the outer tube lower connector 521. The lower end face of 23 is flush with each other; to facilitate the insertion and positioning of the inner tube, the inner wall of the upper connector 522 of the outer tube is provided with a step 5224, the step 5224 is located below the regular hexagonal prism hole 5222, the outer wall of the upper connector 526 of the inner tube is provided with an annular skirt 5261, the outer wall of the annular skirt 5261 is sealed to the vertical surface of the step 5224, and the bottom wall of the annular skirt 5261 abuts against the horizontal surface of the step 5224, so that the annular skirt 5261 rests on the step 5224.

[0125] In adjacent double-layer drill pipe sections 52, the lower inner tube connector 527 of the upper double-layer drill pipe section 52 is inserted into the upper inner tube connector 526 of the lower double-layer drill pipe section 52. The lower end of the lower inner tube connector 527 is provided with an annular inner circumferential plate 5271, which is inserted into the upper inner tube connector 526 and dynamically sealed to the inner wall of the upper inner tube connector 526. The outer wall of the lower inner tube connector 527 is connected to an outwardly extending positioning block 5272. There are multiple positioning blocks 5272, which are evenly distributed along the axis of the lower inner tube connector 527. There is a gap 5273 between the outer end face of the positioning block 5272 and the inner wall face of the lower outer tube connector 523.

[0126] To clear the air passages 524 of adjacent double-layer drill pipe sections 52 and prevent mud from entering, the upper end face of the annular skirt 5261 is further provided with an annular groove 5262 coaxially, and the bottom of the lower connector of the outer tube is provided with a downwardly extending annular outer plate 5234. The annular outer plate 5234 is inserted into the annular groove 5262, and the outer wall of the annular outer plate 5234 is dynamically sealed to the side wall of the annular groove 5262. The bottom wall of the annular groove 5262 is provided with a downwardly extending through hole 5263. The through hole 5263 is an oblong hole extending along the circumferential direction of the annular groove 5262. The through hole 5263 is connected to the air passage 524. There are multiple through holes 5263, which are evenly distributed along the axis of the annular groove 5262.

[0127] Furthermore, the inner tube body 525 of the lowest double-layer drill rod segment 52 is provided with multiple rows of mixing air holes 5251 in the middle. Each row has multiple mixing air holes 5251 and they are evenly distributed along the axis of the inner tube body 525. The mixing air holes 5251 are used to connect the air passage 524 and the inner cavity of the inner tube body 525.

[0128] For ease of fixation, in this embodiment, the upper end face of the tooth nest 528 is provided with a downwardly extending through groove 5282. The through groove 5282 is aligned with the tooth groove of the inner tooth insert 5281. The width of the through groove 5282 in the circumferential direction of the tooth nest 528 corresponds to the width of the tooth groove of the inner tooth insert 5281 in the circumferential direction of the tooth nest 528. The tooth nest 528 also includes a lockable insert plate 5283 that can be inserted into the through groove 5282. The lower end of the lockable insert plate 5283 extends downward to the inner tooth insert 528. In the tooth socket of 1; to prevent loosening and facilitate insertion and removal, the outer side wall of the tooth nest 528 is further provided with a threaded hole 5284 extending in the radial direction of the tooth nest 528. The threaded hole 5284 is connected to the through groove 5282. The threaded hole 5284 is used to connect the set screw that abuts against the locking insert 5283. The upper end of the locking insert 5283 is connected to a handle seat 5285 for abutting against the upper end face of the tooth nest 528. The handle seat 5285 is connected to a handle 5286 for easy insertion and removal of the locking insert 5283.

[0129] In this embodiment, the method for manufacturing the double-layer drill pipe segment 52 includes:

[0130] S1. Construction preparation;

[0131] S2. According to the drawings, process the inner tube body 525, the inner tube upper connector 526, the inner tube lower connector 527, the outer tube body 521, the outer tube upper connector 522, the outer tube lower connector 523, and the toothed nest 528;

[0132] S3. Weld the inner tube upper connector 526 to the upper end of the inner tube body 525 and the inner tube lower connector 527 to the lower end of the inner tube body 525 to obtain the inner tube; weld the outer tube upper connector 522 to the upper end of the outer tube body 521 to obtain component A.

[0133] S4. Insert the inner tube into component A from top to bottom until the lower connector 527 of the inner tube protrudes from the lower end of component A. Weld at least three positioning blocks 5272 evenly distributed along the axis of the lower connector 527 on the outer wall of the lower connector 527.

[0134] S5. Insert the toothed nest 528 into component A from the inner tube lower connector 527;

[0135] S6. Insert the lower outer tube connector 523 along the positioning block 5272 from the lower end of the inner tube until the first annular welded positioning plate 5223 at the upper end of the lower outer tube connector 523 is inserted into the annular welded positioning stop 5211 at the lower end of component A. Weld the lower outer tube connector 523 and component A from the outside to form an outer tube.

[0136] S7. Install a sealing ring on the inner tube upper connector and continue to insert the inner tube until the annular skirt 5261 of the inner tube upper connector 526 abuts against the step 5224 on the inner wall of the outer tube upper connector 522. Weld the joint between the annular skirt 5261 and the step 5224 from above to fix the inner tube and the outer tube in place.

[0137] S8. A sealing ring is fitted on the inner tube lower connector 527 and the outer tube lower connector 523 to form a double-layer drill pipe segment 52;

[0138] S9. Fabricate multiple double-layer drill pipe segments 52 and conduct interchangeability disassembly and assembly tests on the upper and lower connections, and reject defective products;

[0139] S10. Complete the fabrication of the double-layer drill pipe segment 52.

[0140] The advantages of this design are: it can avoid the impact of the inner tube lower connector 527 on the welding part of the outer tube lower connector 523 and the outer tube body 521 when the inner tube lower connector 527 is inserted into the pipe, and will not cause hidden cracks at the welding part of the outer tube lower connector 523 and the outer tube body 521 from the inside, nor will it cause deformation of the inner tube lower connector 527; it can facilitate the welding of the positioning block 5272, and use the positioning block 5272 to guide the inner tube lower connector 527, which facilitates the alignment of the inner tube lower connector 527 and the outer tube body 521.

[0141] In this embodiment, as Figure 1 , Figures 10 to 12 As shown, the chassis 10 includes a chassis frame 11, a lifting and traveling mechanism, and a support platform 14. The chassis frame 11 has a rectangular projection in the vertical direction. The chassis frame 11 includes a vertically connected crossbeam 111 and a longitudinal beam 112, with the longitudinal beam 112 positioned above the rail groove 113. The lifting and traveling mechanism includes a lifting cylinder 12 and a wheel assembly 13. The lifting cylinder 12 includes a first cylinder body 121 embedded in the longitudinal beam 112 and a first hydraulic rod 122 that can extend downward from the longitudinal beam 112. The wheel assembly 13 includes a wheel seat 131 and a wheel 132. The wheel seat 131 is connected to the lower end of the first hydraulic rod 122, and the wheel 132 is rotatably mounted on the wheel seat. The wheel 132 is located on the rail 133 inside the rail groove 113 and directly above the rail 133. The support platform 14 is connected to the lower surface of the longitudinal beam 112. The support platform 14 is a cuboid and its width is greater than the width of the rail groove 113. There are multiple support platforms 14 and lifting and traveling mechanisms, which are spaced apart. There are no more than two lifting and traveling mechanisms between adjacent support platforms 14. When the first hydraulic rod 122 extends, the wheel 132 can press against the rail 133 and lift the chassis frame 11. When the first hydraulic rod 122 retracts, the wheel 132 disengages from the rail 133, and the support platform 14 presses against the support surface where the rail groove 113 is located, thus providing support for the chassis frame 11.

[0142] The advantages of this design are: when assembling the vertical shaft drilling rig, only rail grooves 113 need to be made on both sides of the lock and rails 133 need to be laid. There is no need to construct above the lock. Lock fabrication and drilling rig assembly can be carried out simultaneously, resulting in a short construction period and good safety. During vertical shaft construction, the wheels 132 can be separated from the rails 133 by retracting the first hydraulic rod 122, so that the support platform 14 can be pressed against the support surface where the rail groove 113 is located to support the chassis frame 11. The support force is large and the stability is good, making it particularly suitable for vertical shaft drilling rigs with large lifting force, large torque, large size and heavy weight.

[0143] In this embodiment, as Figure 9 , Figure 13 and Figure 14As shown, the lifting system 40 includes a lifting cylinder 41, a slide arm 42, and a cross hinge seat 43. The lifting cylinder 41 is installed inside the column 21 and includes a second hydraulic rod 411 and a second cylinder body 412 sleeved on the second hydraulic rod 411. The lower end of the second hydraulic rod 411 is hinged to the bottom of the drill frame 20, and the upper end of the second hydraulic rod 411 extends upward. The upper end of the second cylinder body 412 is provided with a stroke sensor 413 for detecting the displacement of the second hydraulic rod 411. The middle part of the second cylinder body 412 is provided with an outwardly protruding cylindrical protrusion 414. The slide arm 42 is sleeved on the second cylinder body 412 and located below the cylindrical protrusion 414. The side of the slide arm 42 is connected to the end of the support beam 30. The upper end face of the frame arm 42 is provided with an upwardly extending lug plate 421, and a pin 422 is vertically inserted through the lug plate 421; the cross hinge seat 43 is sleeved on the second cylinder body 412 and located above the carriage arm 42. The cross hinge seat 43 is provided with a front and rear through hole 431, a left and right through hole 432 and a lug groove 433. The front and rear through hole 431 matches the cylindrical protrusion 414, which passes through the front and rear through hole 431. The lug groove 433 is opened on the bottom surface of the cross hinge seat 43 and is perpendicular to the left and right through hole 432. The lug groove 433 is used to accommodate the lug plate 421. The two ends of the pin 422 pass through the left and right through hole 432, forming a simply supported beam structure, which achieves a higher lifting force under the same volume.

[0144] Specifically, the pin 422 includes a cylindrical body portion 4221 and a cover plate portion 4222 connected to the outer end face of the body portion 4221. The left and right through holes 432 are countersunk holes. The countersunk steps of the left and right through holes 432 are located outside the lug groove 433 and close to the outer opening of the left and right through holes 432. When the pin 422 is inserted into the left and right through holes 432, the cover plate portion 4222 is in close contact with the countersunk steps, and the outer surface of the cover plate portion 4222 is flush with the edge of the outer opening of the left and right through holes 432. The countersunk steps are provided with a plurality of threaded holes evenly distributed along the axis of the left and right through holes 432, and the cover plate portion 4222 is provided with corresponding threaded holes. The bolt hole 4223 is a countersunk hole. The cover plate 4222 is locked onto the countersunk step by a locking bolt 44 that passes through the bolt hole 4223 and is threaded to the threaded hole. The outer end face of the locking bolt 44 is flush with the edge of the outer hole of the left and right through holes 432. The bottom surface of the cross hinge seat 43 is provided with a mounting groove 434. The bottom wall of the mounting groove 434 is provided with an upwardly extending upper semicircular hole 4341. A detachable clamping plate 4342 is connected in the mounting groove 434. The clamping plate 4342 is provided with a downwardly extending lower semicircular hole 4343. The lower semicircular hole 4343 is aligned with the upper semicircular hole 4341 and together they form the front and rear through holes 431.

[0145] In another embodiment, such as Figures 15 to 19As shown, the high-efficiency vertical shaft drilling rig for deep shaft construction in complex strata also includes a verticality detection system for real-time detection of the verticality of the drill bit assembly 60. The verticality detection system includes a hollow annular sleeve 71, a measuring cylinder 72, buoyancy fluid 73, a float 74, and a displacement sensor 75. The hollow annular sleeve 71 is coaxially fitted onto the connecting cylinder 63 and rotates synchronously with the connecting cylinder 63. The measuring cylinder 72 is fixed inside the hollow annular sleeve 71 and extends along a direction parallel to the axis of the hollow annular sleeve 71. The buoyancy fluid 73 is poured into the measuring cylinder 72, and the filling volume of the buoyancy fluid 73 is two-fifths of the volume of the measuring cylinder. The float 74 floats on the buoyancy fluid 73. The displacement sensor 75 is used to detect the displacement value of the float 74. There are at least two measuring cylinders 72 and they are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the axis of the hollow annular sleeve 71. The two measuring cylinders 72 are connected so that the buoyancy fluid 73 can move within the two measuring cylinders 72 following the tilt of the drill bit assembly 60.

[0146] The advantage of this setup is that it can accurately reflect the tilt of the drill bit assembly 60 by utilizing the change in the buoyancy fluid 73, and then digitize the data by using the displacement value of the float 74. By measuring the displacement value of the float 74 through the displacement sensor 75, the drilling verticality of the drill bit assembly 60 can be detected in real time without being affected by mud or sand, resulting in better accuracy of the measurement results.

[0147] Furthermore, the side wall of the measuring cylinder 72 is provided with a vertical through hole 721, and an arc-shaped tube 722 is connected between the vertical through holes 721 of the two measuring cylinders 72, so that the two measuring cylinders 72 are connected. The arc-shaped tube 722 is located inside the hollow annular sleeve 71, and the plane where the arc-shaped tube 722 is located is perpendicular to the axis of the hollow annular sleeve 71. The outer diameter of the float 74 matches the inner diameter of the measuring cylinder 72, so that the contact line 741 between the outer wall of the float 74 and the inner wall of the measuring cylinder 72 is an annular line. When the drill assembly 60 rotates, the buoyancy fluid 73 can be located below the contact line 741.

[0148] To facilitate the transmission of data detected by the displacement sensor 75, the high-efficiency vertical shaft drilling rig used for deep vertical shaft construction in complex strata also includes a processing system for receiving the displacement values ​​detected by the displacement sensor 75. The processing system calculates the inclination of the drill bit assembly 60 based on the displacement values, realizing real-time detection of the verticality of the excavation. The processing system includes a first relay module 81 located inside the hollow annular sleeve 71, a second relay module 82 suspended inside the shaft and located above the guide 62, and a processing center 83 set on the chassis 10 for calculating the inclination. The first relay module 81 is electrically connected to the displacement sensor 75, the second relay module 82 is wirelessly connected to the first relay module 81, and the second relay module 82 is electrically connected to the processing center 83 through a signal cable 823, so that the displacement values ​​detected by the displacement sensor 75 can be transmitted to the processing center 83 through the first relay module 81, the second relay module 82, and the signal cable 823.

[0149] Specifically, the first relay module 81 is equipped with a signal receiving unit, a signal processing unit, a wireless communication unit, and a power supply. The signal receiving unit is electrically connected to the displacement sensor 75 and the signal processing unit, and is used to receive the displacement value detected by the displacement sensor 75 and transmit it to the signal processing unit. The signal processing unit transmits the displacement value to the second relay module 82 through the wireless communication unit. The power supply is used to power the signal receiving unit, the signal processing unit, the wireless communication unit, and the displacement sensor. Furthermore, the first relay module 81 is also equipped with a self-testing unit, a protection unit, and a data storage unit electrically connected to the signal processing unit. The second relay module 82 is suspended in the vertical shaft along the shaft wall by a steel wire rope 821. The chassis 10 is also equipped with a steel wire rope winch 822 for winding and unwinding the steel wire rope 821.

[0150] To facilitate the arrangement of components within the hollow annular sleeve 71, an annular fixing plate 711 is further provided inside the hollow annular sleeve 71. The upper end of the measuring cylinder 72 is connected to the lower surface of the annular fixing plate 711. The first relay module 81 is disposed on the upper surface of the annular fixing plate 711. The displacement sensor 75 extends in a direction parallel to the measuring cylinder 72. The lower end of the displacement sensor 75 is connected to the float 74. The upper end of the displacement sensor 75 corresponding to one measuring cylinder 72 penetrates the annular fixing plate 711 and is connected to the upper surface of the annular fixing plate 711. The upper end of the displacement sensor 75 corresponding to the other measuring cylinder 72 is connected to the lower surface of the annular fixing plate 711.

[0151] To achieve synchronous rotation of the hollow annular sleeve 71 and the connecting cylinder 63, the upper end face of the hollow annular sleeve 71 is provided with an upwardly extending upper connecting bolt cylinder 712, which is used to accommodate the upper connecting bolt of the connecting guide 62 and the hollow annular sleeve 71. The lower end face of the hollow annular sleeve 71 is provided with a downwardly extending lower connecting bolt cylinder 713, which is used to accommodate the lower connecting bolt of the connecting center cylinder 6461 and the hollow annular sleeve 71.

[0152] This high-efficiency vertical shaft drilling rig, used for deep and large vertical shaft construction in complex strata, can meet the requirements of large-diameter (design value: 12m) and large-depth (design value: 1200m) deep and large vertical shaft construction, and ensure that the verticality of the excavation is controlled within 0.08%.

[0153] like Figure 20 As shown, the present invention also provides a construction method for constructing deep vertical shafts in complex formations, comprising:

[0154] 0. Construction Preparation

[0155] The construction site has access to water, electricity, gas, and roads, and the site is leveled.

[0156] 1. Site foundation construction and drilling rig track laying

[0157] The site foundation construction meets the relevant construction requirements for drilling rig assembly, segment prefabrication, etc. A continuous track is laid between the drilling rig assembly location and the lock joint to ensure that the drilling rig can move actively to the shaft opening after assembly.

[0158] 2. Lock construction

[0159] Construction of the shaft opening involves constructing a reinforced concrete foundation ring approximately 2m wide and 5m deep at the shaft opening, completing the interlock construction, and simultaneously reserving a circular channel for mud return on the side of the interlock, connected to the mud pit, and equipped with a switch gate. The shaft is then excavated to meet the air-lift reverse circulation requirements for slag removal during drilling operations.

[0160] 3. Drilling rig assembly and commissioning

[0161] The assembly and debugging of the drilling rig main unit, cutterhead and other components were completed, and all functions met the design and usage requirements.

[0162] 4. Construction of mud pits and mud preparation

[0163] While the lock-in construction and drilling rig assembly are underway, a mud pit is being built near the shaft opening.

[0164] 5. One-time drilling

[0165] For vertical shafts of 8m to 12m, a two-stage drilling process is adopted to avoid the problem of excessively large diameter of the excavation face in a single drilling operation. This would result in significant differences in the linear speed of the cutters inside and outside the cutterhead, leading to large differences in their lifespans. Furthermore, a single drilling operation with too large a diameter would require greater torque and lifting force.

[0166] Drill the pilot hole in one go to the target depth (actual shaft depth required + bottom segment thickness + filling layer thickness + first-stage drill bit height + center tube height).

[0167] The drilling is carried out using the high-efficiency vertical shaft drilling rig provided by this invention for the construction of deep vertical shafts in complex formations (no need to install a secondary cutterhead).

[0168] Because the cutterhead, cutting tools, drill pipe, etc. have a certain service life, the entire drilling system needs to be repeatedly pulled out of the well for inspection and maintenance during drilling.

[0169] 6. Verticality measurement

[0170] An ultrasonic logging tool is used to re-measure the completed hole from the first drilling operation, and the results are compared with those from the drilling rig's built-in measurement system. If the wellbore deviation exceeds the allowable value, hole cleaning and correction are performed to achieve the target value.

[0171] 7. Secondary drilling

[0172] After reaching the target depth in one drilling operation, a secondary cutterhead is installed and the guide vane is replaced on the high-efficiency vertical shaft drilling rig for deep and large vertical shaft construction in complex formations provided by this invention, and drilling continues to the target depth. Because an open face has been formed in the middle of the shaft after one drilling operation, the drilling face is also much smaller, significantly improving drilling efficiency. The requirements for drilling torque and lifting force are also reduced.

[0173] During drilling, the entire drilling system needs to be repeatedly pulled out of the well for inspection and maintenance.

[0174] 8. Verticality remeasurement

[0175] An ultrasonic logging tool is used to re-measure the completed secondary drilling hole, and the results are compared with those from the drilling rig's own measurement system. If the wellbore deviation exceeds the allowable value, hole cleaning and correction are performed until the target value is reached.

[0176] 9. Well washing and slurry preparation

[0177] 9.1 Adjust the mud parameters to the following parameters to meet the wellbore settling requirements.

[0178] Viscosity, density, sand content, pH value, wellbore water loss, wellbore sidewall mud cake thickness

[0179] 18~22s 1.05~1.2g / cm3 ≤1.0% 7~8 ≤36ml / h ≤1.5mm

[0180] 9.2 The mud in the wellbore is in a colloidal state and will not precipitate due to long-term standing.

[0181] 10. Wellbore prefabrication

[0182] Simultaneously with shaft drilling, the vertical shaft wall is prefabricated and cured in sections. The shaft wall structure is generally made of reinforced concrete or steel plate concrete, with higher strength requirements at the bottom and relatively lower requirements at the top. The overall strength, rigidity, and stability of the shaft wall structure meet the requirements. The bottom of the shaft wall has a U-shaped structure, followed by steel plate concrete and reinforced concrete structures, with the height of each section controlled between 6 and 8 meters.

[0183] 11. Lower shaft wall

[0184] The well wall sinking is achieved by utilizing the buoyancy generated by the mud on the well wall. When the buoyancy exceeds the weight, counterweight water is added to the well wall, causing it to sink slowly. To ensure safety and facilitate the connection of the well walls, its floating height in the mud must be controlled during sinking. The well walls are then aligned and welded together, with each section being joined sequentially.

[0185] 12. Wellbore straightening and strong fixation

[0186] The well wall is lowered to the bottom of the well for straightening. After straightening, the well wall is strongly fixed to the area around the lock to prevent the well wall from shifting or tilting due to cementing.

[0187] 13. Backfilling and cementing

[0188] After the wellbore is straightened, backfilling and cementing are carried out. Backfilling is performed from bottom to top. First, cement mortar is used to replace the mud at the bottom of the wellbore. The cement mortar is delivered through a grouting pipe pre-embedded in the lowest U-shaped segment. During the replacement process, the replacement volume and speed are carefully controlled to prevent the entire wellbore from bouncing due to increased buoyancy caused by the increased slurry density. The cementing cycle of the entire wellbore is controlled, and for an 800m deep vertical shaft, it is expected to be completed within 15 days.

[0189] 14. Drain the water from the well.

[0190] Once the cemented concrete reaches a certain strength, it generally takes at least 28 days to drain the heavy water from the shaft.

[0191] 15. Quality inspection of backfilling behind the wall

[0192] Personnel are lowered into the wellbore to inspect the quality of the backfill behind the wall. The backfill quality inspection involves installing a drilling device on an inspection pipe pre-embedded in the well wall, then using a pneumatic drill to drill through the well wall along the inspection pipe and into the backfill layer to a certain depth. The backfill quality is then checked by measuring the outflow of water.

[0193] 16. Secondary grouting and sealing

[0194] When the outflow exceeds the specification, grouting can be repeated until the outflow meets the specification, and then the inspection hole can be sealed with cementitious material.

[0195] 17. Construction completed.

[0196] Preferably, the construction of the lock joint, the assembly and commissioning of the drilling rig, the construction of the mud pit and the mud preparation are carried out simultaneously. The prefabrication of the well wall is carried out simultaneously with the construction of the lock joint, the assembly and commissioning of the drilling rig, the construction of the mud pit and the mud preparation, the first drilling, the verticality measurement, the second drilling, the verticality re-measurement, the well washing and the mud preparation.

[0197] The advantages of this method include:

[0198] 1. The various processes are connected in a reasonable manner, which shortens the construction period to the greatest extent.

[0199] 2. The two-stage drilling method has reasonable requirements for the performance of the drilling rig and high overall drilling efficiency.

[0200] 3. The verticality detection system can monitor the verticality of the shaft drilling in real time, avoiding the need for repeated logging during traditional shaft drilling; the ultrasonic logging tool only needs to perform re-testing after the first drilling, the second drilling, and the well wall sinking and cementing, saving a lot of logging time.

[0201] 4. The grouting pipe prefabricated inside the well wall can ensure the quality and safety of grouting.

[0202] 5. The well wall is firmly fixed to ensure its verticality.

[0203] The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention. Their purpose is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly. They should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit and essence of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. High-efficiency vertical shaft drilling rigs used for deep and large vertical shaft construction in complex formations, including: A chassis that can be movably installed at the shaft lock opening; The drill frame is mounted on the chassis and is shaped like a door frame. The drill frame includes two columns and a ring beam connected to the top of the two columns. A support beam that can be moved up and down between two longitudinal beams; A lifting system for driving the support beam to move up and down; The drill rod is suspended on the support beam, and the drill rod is composed of multiple drill rod segments connected sequentially from top to bottom; The drill bit assembly is connected to the bottom of the drill pipe; Its features are: The drill bit assembly includes a transition joint, a guide, a connecting cylinder, and a drill bit connected sequentially from top to bottom. The drill bit includes a primary cutter head, which includes a cutter head base plate and drilling tools connected to the lower surface of the cutter head base plate. The cutter head base plate is bowl-shaped and includes a central hexagonal plate and side plates that are connected around the plate and extend outward and upward. The drilling tools include a first tool located at the center of the plate, a second tool located on the plate and around the first tool, a third tool located at the connection between the plate and the side plates, a fourth tool located on the side plates and close to the third tool, and a fifth tool located on the side plates and close to the upper edge of the side plates. The first cutting tool extends upwards and inwards from the outside, with an angle of 5° to 9° between its cutting edge and the flat plate. The cutting edge of the second cutting tool is parallel to the flat plate. The third, fourth, and fifth cutting tools extend upwards and inwards from the inside. The third cutting tool includes an inner cutting tool located on the inside and an outer cutting tool located on the outside. The angle between the cutting edge of the inner cutting tool and the flat plate is 8° to 12°. The angle between the cutting edge of the outer cutting tool and the flat plate is 18° to 22°. The angle between the cutting edge of the fourth cutting tool and the flat plate is 28° to 32°. The angle between the cutting edge of the fifth cutting tool and the flat plate is 43° to 47°. This results in a high perimeter, a flat center, and an upwardly convex conical pile at the center of the excavation face.

2. The high-efficiency vertical shaft drilling rig for deep and large vertical shaft construction in complex formations according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle between the cutting edge of the first cutting tool and the plate is 7°, the angle between the cutting edge of the inner cutting tool and the plate is 10°, the angle between the cutting edge of the outer cutting tool and the plate is 20°, the angle between the cutting edge of the fourth cutting tool and the plate is 30°, and the angle between the cutting edge of the fifth cutting tool and the plate is 45°.

3. The high-efficiency vertical shaft drilling rig for deep and large vertical shaft construction in complex formations according to claim 2, characterized in that: There are six side plates, each corresponding to one side of the flat plate. The angle between the side plate and the flat plate is 30°. The edges of adjacent side plates, the edges of the side plates adjacent to the flat plate, and the edges of the flat plate are bent vertically upward to form flange strips. Adjacent flange strips are locked together by through bolts.

4. The high-efficiency vertical shaft drilling rig for deep and large vertical shaft construction in complex formations according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drilling tool is connected to the cutter head base plate via a tool holder. The tool holder includes a saddle-type tool holder corresponding to the first tool, the second tool, and the inner tool, and a can-type tool holder corresponding to the outer tool, the fourth tool, and the fifth tool. During connection, the inner or outer side of the connecting surface of the tool holder is ground to create a height difference between the inner and outer sides of the connecting surface of the tool holder, so that an angle is formed between the cutting edge of the tool and the plate.

5. The high-efficiency vertical shaft drilling rig for deep and large vertical shaft construction in complex formations according to claim 4, characterized in that, The method for arranging the drilling tools includes the following steps: a. Draw a bottom view of the cutter head base plate, mark the geometric center on the bottom view, and set up a two-dimensional coordinate system with the geometric center as the origin; b. Preset the tool holder positions and mark them on the bottom view to obtain the preset position coordinates of all tool holders: B1(x1, y1), B2(x2, y2), ..., Bn(xn, yn); c. Weigh each of the tool holders in sequence to obtain the tool holder weight values ​​G1, G2, ..., Gn; d. Weigh the tools corresponding to each tool holder in sequence to obtain tool weight values ​​g1, g2, ..., gn; e. Calculate the center of gravity position O(x0, y0) of all the tool holders and the tools, using the following formula: ; f. If x0 = 0 and y0 = 0, then the tool holder and the cutting tool are arranged on the cutter head base plate according to the preset position; if x0 ≠ 0 or y0 ≠ 0, then the preset position of the tool holder in step b is adjusted until x0 = 0 and y0 = 0, and then the tool holder and the cutting tool are arranged on the cutter head base plate according to the adjusted preset position.

6. The high-efficiency vertical shaft drilling rig for deep and large vertical shaft construction in complex formations according to claim 1, characterized in that: The primary cutter head also includes a cutter head bracket for supporting the cutter head base plate. The cutter head bracket includes a cylindrical bracket connected to the upper surface of the plate and a box beam bracket connected to the upper surface of the side plate. The axis of the cylindrical bracket passes through the center of the circumcircle of the plate and coincides with the axis of the connecting cylinder. The box beam bracket is connected to the side wall of the cylindrical bracket.

7. The high-efficiency vertical shaft drilling rig for deep and large vertical shaft construction in complex formations according to claim 6, characterized in that: The drill bit also includes a secondary cutter head, which includes a central cylinder, a cantilever support, an annular base plate, and a reaming tool. The central cylinder is coaxially arranged with the connecting cylinder, the upper end of the central cylinder is connected to the connecting cylinder, and the lower end of the central cylinder is connected to the cylindrical support. The cantilever support is connected to the side wall of the central cylinder and extends outward and upward at an angle. There are multiple cantilever supports, which are evenly distributed around the axis of the central cylinder. The annular base plate is connected to the bottom of all the cantilever supports, and the inner side of the annular base plate is lower than the outer side. The reaming tool is connected to the lower surface of the annular base plate. The reaming tool includes a sixth tool located on the inner side and a seventh tool located on the outer side. The angle between the cutting edge face of the sixth tool and the cutting edge face of the seventh tool is 5°, and the cutting edge face of the seventh tool is parallel to the cutting edge face of the fourth tool.

8. The high-efficiency vertical shaft drilling rig for deep and large vertical shaft construction in complex formations according to claim 7, characterized in that: The drill bit assembly also includes a slurry discharge assembly, which includes a slag collection trough and a slurry discharge pipe. The slag collection trough penetrates the cutter head base plate and extends radially along the cylindrical support. One end of the slag collection trough is close to the center of the flat plate, and the other end of the slag collection trough extends to the middle of the side plate. The upper end of the slurry discharge pipe extends upward along the center of the cylindrical support, the center of the central cylinder, the center of the connecting cylinder, and the center of the guide, and connects to the lower end of the transition joint and communicates with the inner cavity of the transition joint. The lower end of the slurry discharge pipe is bent downward and outward and aligned with the slag collection trough. The bending angle of the lower end of the slurry discharge pipe is not less than 45°.

9. The high-efficiency vertical shaft drilling rig for deep and large vertical shaft construction in complex formations according to claim 8, characterized in that: The slurry discharge assembly also includes a slag collection trough scraper for collecting slurry and a slag collection trough scraper for crushing slag. The slag collection trough scraper is connected to the trough edge of the slag collection trough and extends vertically downward. The lower end of the slag collection trough scraper is provided with a trapezoidal notch for slurry to pass through. The slag collection trough scraper is connected to the lower surface of the cutter head base plate and is arranged around the trough edge of the slag collection trough. The lowest point of the slag collection trough scraper is lower than the slag collection trough scraper and higher than the cutting edge of the second cutter by 150mm to 200mm.

10. The high-efficiency vertical shaft drilling rig for deep and large vertical shaft construction in complex formations according to claim 7, characterized in that: Both the drilling tool and the reaming tool are hobs. The cutting edge is a plane formed by the lowest point of the hob. The hob includes a three-foot wedge hob and a two-and-a-half-foot wedge hob. The first tool, the second tool, the inner tool, the outer tool, the fourth tool, the fifth tool, the sixth tool, and the seventh tool each include multiple hobs. The trajectories of adjacent hobs within the same tool are staggered to form an overlapping portion with a width of 15mm to 25mm.

11. The high-efficiency vertical shaft drilling rig for deep and large vertical shaft construction in complex formations according to claim 6, characterized in that: The edge of the side plate is provided with an arc-shaped notch for mud to pass through. There are multiple arc-shaped notches and they are evenly distributed around the axis of the cylindrical support. The arc height of the arc-shaped notch is 7.5% to 8.0% of the diameter of the cutter head bottom plate projected in the vertical direction.

12. The high-efficiency vertical shaft drilling rig for deep and large vertical shaft construction in complex formations according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drill pipe segment includes a double-layer drill pipe segment with air supply function. The double-layer drill pipe segment includes an outer tube, an inner tube passing through the outer tube, and a toothed nest rotatably and slidably fitted on the outer tube. The outer tube includes an outer tube body, an upper outer tube connector coaxially connected to the upper end of the outer tube body, and a lower outer tube connector coaxially connected to the lower end of the outer tube body. In adjacent double-layer drill pipe segments, the lower outer tube connector of the upper double-layer drill pipe segment is inserted into the upper outer tube connector of the lower double-layer drill pipe segment. The outer wall of the lower outer tube connector is provided with an annular flange for limiting the insertion depth of the lower outer tube connector. An air passage for supplying compressed air is formed between the outer wall of the inner tube and the inner wall of the outer tube. The outer wall of the upper connector of the outer tube is evenly distributed with external toothed inserts along the circumference. The upper edge of the external toothed insert is flush with the upper end face of the upper connector of the outer tube. The inner side wall of the toothed nest is provided with an internal toothed insert that matches the external toothed insert. The lower edge of the internal toothed insert is flush with the lower end face of the toothed nest. The internal toothed insert is offset and abuts against the lower part of the external toothed insert. The inner top wall of the toothed nest abuts against the upper end face of the annular flange, locking the adjacent double-layer drill pipe segments in the axial direction to transmit lifting force. The projection of the inner wall of the upper connector of the outer tube in the vertical direction is a regular polygon, forming a regular prism hole with the edge of the hole flush with the upper end face of the upper connector of the outer tube. The projection of the outer wall of the lower connector of the outer tube in the vertical direction is a regular polygon, forming a regular prism with the lower edge flush with the lower end face of the lower connector of the outer tube. The regular prism is located below the annular flange. The regular prism matches the regular prism hole and is inserted into the regular prism hole, locking the adjacent double-layer drill rod segments in the circumferential direction to transmit torque.

13. The high-efficiency vertical shaft drilling rig for deep and large vertical shaft construction in complex formations according to claim 12, characterized in that: The regular prism hole is any one of a regular square prism hole, a regular pentagonal prism hole, a regular hexagonal prism hole, a regular heptagonal prism hole, or a regular octagonal prism hole, and the axis of the regular prism hole coincides with the axis of the outer tube body.

14. The high-efficiency vertical shaft drilling rig for deep and large vertical shaft construction in complex formations according to claim 12, characterized in that: The connection between the outer tube body and the upper and lower connectors of the outer tube is provided with an annular welded positioning stop. The annular welded positioning stop is located on the inner wall of the outer tube body and expands outward. The lower end of the upper connector and the upper end of the lower connector are provided with an inwardly recessed annular welded positioning plate. The annular welded positioning plate is inserted into the annular welded positioning stop and fits against the annular welded positioning stop.

15. The high-efficiency vertical shaft drilling rig for deep and large vertical shaft construction in complex formations according to claim 12, characterized in that: The inner tube includes an inner tube body coaxially inserted inside the outer tube body, an upper inner tube connector coaxially connected to the upper end of the inner tube body, and a lower inner tube connector coaxially connected to the lower end of the inner tube body. The air passage is formed between the outer wall of the inner tube body and the inner wall of the outer tube body. The upper end of the upper inner tube connector is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the upper outer tube connector, and the lower end face of the lower inner tube connector is flush with the lower end face of the lower outer tube connector.

16. The high-efficiency vertical shaft drilling rig for deep and large vertical shaft construction in complex formations according to claim 15, characterized in that: The inner wall of the upper connector of the outer tube is provided with a step, the step is located below the regular prism hole, the outer wall of the upper connector of the inner tube is provided with an annular skirt, the outer wall of the annular skirt is sealed to the vertical surface of the step, and the bottom wall of the annular skirt abuts against the horizontal surface of the step, so that the annular skirt rests on the step.

17. The high-efficiency vertical shaft drilling rig for deep and large vertical shaft construction in complex formations according to claim 16, characterized in that: The upper end face of the annular skirt is coaxially provided with an annular groove, and the bottom of the lower connector of the outer tube is provided with a downwardly extending annular peripheral plate. The annular peripheral plate is inserted into the annular groove, and the outer wall of the annular peripheral plate is dynamically sealed to the side wall of the annular groove.

18. The high-efficiency vertical shaft drilling rig for deep and large vertical shaft construction in complex formations according to claim 17, characterized in that: The bottom wall of the annular groove is provided with a downwardly extending through hole. The through hole is an oblong hole extending along the circumferential direction of the annular groove. The through hole is connected to the air passage. There are multiple through holes, which are evenly distributed along the axis of the annular groove.

19. The high-efficiency vertical shaft drilling rig for deep and large vertical shaft construction in complex formations according to claim 15, characterized in that: In adjacent double-layer drill pipe sections, the lower inner tube connector of the upper double-layer drill pipe section is inserted into the upper inner tube connector of the lower double-layer drill pipe section. The lower end of the lower inner tube connector is provided with an annular inner shroud plate, which is inserted into the upper inner tube connector and dynamically sealed to the inner wall of the upper inner tube connector. The outer wall of the lower inner tube connector is connected to an outwardly extending positioning block. There are multiple positioning blocks evenly distributed along the axis of the lower inner tube connector, and there is a gap between the outer end face of the positioning block and the inner wall face of the lower outer tube connector.

20. The high-efficiency vertical shaft drilling rig for deep and large vertical shaft construction in complex formations according to claim 15, characterized in that, The method for manufacturing the double-layer drill pipe segments includes: S1. Construction preparation; S2. Fabricate the inner tube body, the upper inner tube connector, the lower inner tube connector, the outer tube body, the upper outer tube connector, the lower outer tube connector, and the toothed nest according to the drawings; S3. Weld the upper connector of the inner tube to the upper end of the inner tube body and the lower connector of the inner tube to the lower end of the inner tube body to obtain the inner tube; weld the upper connector of the outer tube to the upper end of the outer tube body to obtain component A; S4. Insert the inner tube into the component A from top to bottom until the lower connector of the inner tube protrudes from the lower end of the component A, and weld at least three positioning blocks evenly distributed along the axis of the lower connector of the inner tube to the outer wall of the lower connector of the inner tube. S5. Insert the toothed nest into component A from the lower connector of the inner tube; S6. Insert the lower outer tube connector along the positioning block from the lower end of the inner tube until the annular welded positioning plate at the upper end of the lower outer tube connector is inserted into the annular welded positioning stop at the lower end of component A. Weld the joint between the lower outer tube connector and component A from the outside to combine the lower outer tube connector and component A into an outer tube. S7. A sealing ring is fitted onto the inner tube connector, and the inner tube is continued to be inserted until the annular skirt of the inner tube connector abuts against the step on the inner wall of the outer tube connector. The joint between the annular skirt and the step is welded from above to fix the inner tube and the outer tube in place. S8. A sealing ring is fitted on the lower joint of the inner tube and the lower joint of the outer tube to form a double-layer drill pipe segment; S9. Fabricate multiple sections of the aforementioned double-layer drill pipe and perform interchangeability disassembly and assembly tests on the upper and lower connections, and reject defective products; S10. Complete the fabrication of the double-layer drill pipe segment.

21. The high-efficiency vertical shaft drilling rig for deep and large vertical shaft construction in complex formations according to claim 15, characterized in that: The inner tube body of the lowest double-layer drill rod segment has multiple rows of mixing air holes in the middle. Each row has multiple mixing air holes, which are evenly distributed along the axis of the inner tube body. The mixing air holes are used to connect the air passage and the inner cavity of the inner tube body.

22. The high-efficiency vertical shaft drilling rig for deep and large vertical shaft construction in complex formations according to claim 12, characterized in that: The upper end face of the tooth nest is provided with a downwardly extending through groove, which is aligned with the tooth socket of the inner tooth inlay. The width of the through groove in the circumferential direction of the tooth nest corresponds to the width of the tooth socket of the inner tooth inlay in the circumferential direction of the tooth nest. The tooth nest also includes a pluggable locking plate inserted into the through groove, the lower end of which extends downward into the tooth socket of the inner tooth inlay.

23. The high-efficiency vertical shaft drilling rig for deep and large vertical shaft construction in complex formations according to claim 22, characterized in that: The outer wall of the toothed nest is provided with a threaded hole extending in the radial direction of the toothed nest. The threaded hole is connected to the through groove and is used to connect a set screw that abuts against the locking plate. The upper end of the locking plate is connected to a handle seat for abutting against the upper surface of the toothed nest. The handle seat is connected to a handle for easy insertion and removal of the locking plate.

24. The high-efficiency vertical shaft drilling rig for deep and large vertical shaft construction in complex formations according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting system includes a lifting cylinder, a carriage arm, and a cross hinge. The lifting cylinder is disposed within the longitudinal beam and includes a hydraulic rod and a cylinder body sleeved on the hydraulic rod. The lower end of the hydraulic rod is hinged to the bottom of the drill frame, and the upper end of the hydraulic rod extends upward. The upper end of the cylinder body is provided with a stroke sensor for detecting the displacement of the hydraulic rod, and the middle of the cylinder body has an outwardly protruding cylindrical protrusion. The carriage arm is sleeved on the cylinder body and located below the cylindrical protrusion. The side of the carriage arm is connected to the end of the support beam. The upper end face of the carriage arm is provided with an upwardly extending lug plate, and a pin is vertically inserted through the lug plate; the cross hinge seat is sleeved on the cylinder body and located above the carriage arm. The cross hinge seat is provided with front and rear through holes, left and right through holes and lug grooves. The front and rear through holes match the cylindrical protrusions, and the cylindrical protrusions pass through the front and rear through holes. The lug grooves are opened on the bottom surface of the cross hinge seat and are perpendicular to the left and right through holes. The lug grooves are used to accommodate the lug plate. The two ends of the pin pass through the left and right through holes, forming a simply supported beam structure.

25. The high-efficiency vertical shaft drilling rig for deep and large vertical shaft construction in complex formations according to claim 24, characterized in that: The pin includes a cylindrical body and a cover plate connected to the outer end face of the body. The left and right through holes are countersunk holes. The countersunk steps of the left and right through holes are located outside the lug groove and close to the outer opening of the left and right through holes. When the pin passes through the left and right through holes, the cover plate is fitted and connected to the countersunk steps. The outer side of the cover plate is flush with the edge of the outer opening.

26. The high-efficiency vertical shaft drilling rig for deep and large vertical shaft construction in complex formations according to claim 25, characterized in that: The countersunk step is provided with a plurality of threaded holes evenly distributed along the axis of the left and right through holes. The cover plate is provided with bolt holes corresponding to the threaded holes one by one. The bolt holes are countersunk holes. The cover plate is locked onto the countersunk step by locking bolts that pass through the bolt holes and are threaded to the threaded holes. The outer end face of the locking bolt is flush with the edge of the outer opening of the left and right through holes.

27. The high-efficiency vertical shaft drilling rig for deep and large vertical shaft construction in complex formations according to claim 24, characterized in that: The bottom surface of the cross hinge seat is provided with a mounting groove, and the bottom wall of the mounting groove is provided with an upwardly extending upper semicircular hole. A detachable retaining plate is connected inside the mounting groove, and the retaining plate is provided with a downwardly extending lower semicircular hole. The lower semicircular hole is aligned with the upper semicircular hole and together they form the front and rear through holes.

28. The high-efficiency vertical shaft drilling rig for deep and large vertical shaft construction in complex formations according to claim 1, characterized in that: The chassis includes a chassis frame, a lifting and traveling mechanism, and a support platform. The chassis frame has a rectangular projection in the vertical direction. The chassis frame includes vertically connected crossbeams and longitudinal beams, with the longitudinal beams positioned above the rail groove. The lifting and traveling mechanism includes a lifting cylinder and a wheel assembly. The lifting cylinder includes a cylinder body embedded in the longitudinal beam and a hydraulic rod that can extend downward from the longitudinal beam. The wheel assembly includes a wheel seat and a wheel. The wheel seat is connected to the lower end of the hydraulic rod, and the wheel is rotatably mounted on the wheel seat and positioned directly above the rail in the rail groove. The support platform is connected to the lower surface of the longitudinal beam. The support platform is a cuboid and its width is greater than the width of the rail groove. There are multiple support platforms and multiple lifting and traveling mechanisms, which are spaced apart. There are no more than two lifting and traveling mechanisms between adjacent support platforms. When the hydraulic rod extends, the wheel can press against the rail and lift the chassis frame. When the hydraulic rod retracts, the wheel disengages from the rail, and the support platform presses against the support surface where the rail groove is located, thus supporting the chassis frame.

29. The high-efficiency vertical shaft drilling rig for deep and large vertical shaft construction in complex formations according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-efficiency vertical shaft drilling rig for deep and large vertical shaft construction in complex strata also includes a verticality detection system for real-time detection of the verticality of the drill bit assembly. The verticality detection system includes a hollow annular sleeve, a measuring cylinder, buoyancy fluid, a float, and a displacement sensor. The hollow annular sleeve is coaxially fitted onto the connecting cylinder and rotates synchronously with the connecting cylinder. The measuring cylinder is fixed inside the hollow annular sleeve and extends along a direction parallel to the axis of the hollow annular sleeve. The buoyancy fluid is poured into the measuring cylinder, and the amount of buoyancy fluid poured in is one-third to one-half of the internal volume of the measuring cylinder. The float floats on the buoyancy fluid. The displacement sensor is used to detect the displacement value of the float. There are at least two measuring cylinders symmetrically distributed on both sides of the axis of the hollow annular sleeve. These two measuring cylinders are connected so that the buoyancy fluid can move within the two measuring cylinders following the tilt of the drill bit assembly.

30. The high-efficiency vertical shaft drilling rig for deep and large vertical shaft construction in complex formations according to claim 29, characterized in that: The side wall of the measuring cylinder is provided with a vertical through hole, and an arc-shaped tube is connected between the vertical through holes of the two measuring cylinders to connect the two measuring cylinders. The arc-shaped tube is located inside the hollow annular sleeve, and the plane of the arc-shaped tube is perpendicular to the axis of the hollow annular sleeve. The outer diameter of the float matches the inner diameter of the measuring cylinder, so that the contact line between the outer wall of the float and the inner wall of the measuring cylinder is a circular line. When the drill assembly rotates, the buoyancy fluid is located below the contact line.

31. The high-efficiency vertical shaft drilling rig for deep and large vertical shaft construction in complex formations according to claim 29, characterized in that: The high-efficiency vertical shaft drilling rig used for deep vertical shaft construction in complex strata also includes a processing system for receiving the displacement values ​​detected by the displacement sensor. The processing system calculates the inclination of the drill bit assembly based on the displacement values, thereby achieving real-time detection of the tunneling verticality. The processing system includes a first relay module located inside the hollow annular sleeve, a second relay module suspended inside the vertical shaft and located above the guide, and a processing center located on the chassis for calculating the inclination. The first relay module is electrically connected to the displacement sensor, the second relay module is wirelessly connected to the first relay module, and the second relay module is electrically connected to the processing center via a signal cable, so that the displacement values ​​detected by the displacement sensor can be transmitted to the processing center via the first relay module, the second relay module, and the signal cable.

32. The high-efficiency vertical shaft drilling rig for deep and large vertical shaft construction in complex formations according to claim 31, characterized in that: The first relay module includes a signal receiving unit, a signal processing unit, a wireless communication unit, and a power supply. The signal receiving unit is electrically connected to the displacement sensor and the signal processing unit, and is used to receive the displacement value detected by the displacement sensor and transmit it to the signal processing unit. The signal processing unit transmits the displacement value to the second relay module through the wireless communication unit. The power supply is used to power the signal receiving unit, the signal processing unit, the wireless communication unit, and the displacement sensor.

33. The high-efficiency vertical shaft drilling rig for deep and large vertical shaft construction in complex formations according to claim 31, characterized in that: The second relay module is suspended inside the shaft by a steel wire rope along the shaft wall, and the chassis is also equipped with a steel wire rope winch for winding and unwinding the steel wire rope.

34. The high-efficiency vertical shaft drilling rig for deep and large vertical shaft construction in complex formations according to claim 31, characterized in that: The hollow annular sleeve is provided with an annular fixing plate. The upper end of the measuring cylinder is connected to the lower surface of the annular fixing plate. The first relay module is disposed on the upper surface of the annular fixing plate. The displacement sensor extends in a direction parallel to the measuring cylinder. The lower end of the displacement sensor is connected to the float. The upper end of the displacement sensor passes through the annular fixing plate and is connected to the upper surface of the annular fixing plate. Alternatively, the upper end of the displacement sensor is connected to the lower surface of the annular fixing plate.

35. The high-efficiency vertical shaft drilling rig for deep and large vertical shaft construction in complex formations according to claim 29, characterized in that: The upper end face of the hollow annular sleeve is provided with an upwardly extending upper connecting bolt sleeve, which is used to accommodate the upper connecting bolt connecting the central cylinder of the guide and the hollow annular sleeve. The upper end face of the upper connecting bolt sleeve abuts against the central cylinder of the guide. And / or, the lower end face of the hollow annular sleeve is provided with a downwardly extending lower connecting bolt sleeve, which is used to accommodate the lower connecting bolt connecting the central cylinder of the guide and the hollow annular sleeve. The lower end face of the lower connecting bolt sleeve abuts against the central cylinder of the guide.

36. Construction methods for deep, large vertical shaft construction in complex formations, including: Construction preparation, site foundation construction and drilling rig track laying, lock construction, drilling rig assembly and debugging, mud pit construction and mud preparation, primary drilling, verticality measurement, secondary drilling, verticality re-measurement, well washing and mud preparation, well wall prefabrication, well wall sinking, well wall straightening and strong fixing, backfilling and cementing, drainage, backfilling quality inspection, secondary grouting and sealing, and construction completion, characterized in that: the primary drilling and secondary drilling are carried out using the high-efficiency vertical shaft drilling rig for deep and large vertical shaft construction in complex strata as described in claim 1.

37. The construction method for deep vertical shaft construction in complex strata according to claim 36, characterized in that: The construction of the lock joint, drilling rig assembly and commissioning, mud pit construction and mud preparation are carried out simultaneously. The well wall prefabrication is carried out simultaneously with the construction of the lock joint, drilling rig assembly and commissioning, mud pit construction and mud preparation, primary drilling, verticality measurement, secondary drilling, verticality re-measurement, well washing and mud preparation.

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