Fluidized bed reactor system allowing particle sampling during ongoing reaction

Abstract

A fluidized gas reactor includes a reaction chamber including a bed of particles; a gas distribution plate having a plurality of openings therethrough, wherein each opening communicates with the reaction chamber; and a plurality of vertical fluidizing gas input tubes, each fluidizing gas input tube in fluid communication with one of the openings of the gas distribution plate. Each fluidizing gas input tube is configured to receive fluidizing gas and deliver the fluidizing gas to the reaction chamber. A fluidizing gas source provides a flow of fluidizing gas to the fluidizing gas input tubes. A cooling system prevents the fluidizing gas from reacting before entering the reaction chamber. The cooling system has a fluid inlet; a cooling fluid flow path in fluid communication with the fluid inlet, the cooling fluid flow path configured to cool each fluidizing gas input tube; and a fluid outlet in fluid communication with the cooling fluid flow path.

Description

[0001] Divisional application

[0002] This application is a divisional application of Chinese Patent Application No. 202080057210.8, filed on June 25, 2020, entitled "Fluidized bed reactor system that allows particle sampling during an ongoing reaction". Background Technology

[0003] 1. Public domain

[0004] This disclosure generally relates to fluidized bed reactors. In various embodiments, this disclosure generally relates to a system for recovering particulate samples from a fluidized bed reactor without interrupting an ongoing reaction. In various embodiments, this disclosure relates to a system for supplying coolant to a fluidized bed gas supply line in a fluidized bed reactor.

[0005] 2. Relevant Technical Descriptions

[0006] It is well known that fluidized bed reactor systems are used in conjunction with locally cooled gas distribution plates, where cooling channels allow cooling fluid to be delivered through a jacket configured around the gas ejector. The locally cooled gas distribution plate helps prevent wall deposits from forming around the orifices. However, the gas ejector only allows gas to be delivered from the pressurization chamber to the reaction chamber and does not allow for the recovery of particulate samples while gas continues to be ejected. Furthermore, the gas ejector cools the fluidizing gas at or near the gas distribution plate and may not be effective in preventing the reaction of the reacting gases within the pressurization chamber.

[0007] It is also well known that fluidized bed reactors are used via fluidizing gas flow through an ejector and a particle extraction channel near the ejector, where the gas flow into the reactor can be used to prevent or reduce particle flow through the particle extraction channel. The fluidizing gas can be introduced to the bottom of the reactor, and particle extraction can be initiated by reducing the gas flow through the particle extraction channel. However, this only allows particle sampling from a single point in the fluidized bed. Ideally, it should selectively allow particle extraction from any point among multiple points in the fluidized bed.

[0008] This disclosure describes a system for recovering particulate samples from a fluidized bed reactor without interrupting an ongoing reaction. This disclosure also describes a system for supplying coolant to a fluidized bed gas supply line in a fluidized bed reactor. These systems can be implemented through various embodiments disclosed herein. These embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or limit possible advantages, which can be achieved based on the teachings of this disclosure. Various objects and advantages of the various embodiments disclosed herein will be apparent from the description herein, or can be learned from practicing various embodiments, as described herein or modified in view of any variations that may be apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the invention resides in the novel methods, arrangements, combinations, and modifications disclosed herein in various embodiments. Summary of the Invention

[0009] In view of the current need for improved methods for removing entrained particles from exhaust gas streams, a brief overview of various exemplary embodiments is presented. Some simplifications and omissions may be made in the following overview, which are intended to highlight and introduce some aspects of the various exemplary embodiments, but do not limit the scope of the invention. Preferred exemplary embodiments sufficient to allow those skilled in the art to make and use the concepts of the invention will be described in detail below.

[0010] The various embodiments disclosed herein relate to fluidized bed reactors configured to allow the recovery of particulate samples without interrupting an ongoing reaction. In various embodiments, the fluidized bed reactor includes a reaction chamber comprising a particle bed; and a gas distribution plate having a plurality of openings therethrough, each opening communicating with the reaction chamber. The reactor also includes a plurality of fluidizing gas inlet pipes, each fluidizing gas inlet pipe in fluid communication with one of the openings of the gas distribution plate, wherein each fluidizing gas inlet pipe is configured to receive fluidizing gas and deliver the fluidizing gas to the reaction chamber via the gas distribution plate. A fluidizing gas source is configured to provide a fluidizing gas flow to the fluidizing gas inlet pipes. Various embodiments of the reactor include a plurality of particle outlets, each particle outlet located in one of the fluidizing gas inlet pipes. The fluidizing gas source is configured to selectively prevent fluidizing gas flow to any one of the fluidizing gas inlet pipes; and each particle outlet is configured to receive particles from the particle bed while preventing fluidizing gas flow to the corresponding fluidizing gas inlet pipe.

[0011] In various embodiments, the fluidizing gas source is configured to selectively prevent fluidizing gas from flowing to any one of the fluidizing gas inlet pipes, without preventing fluidizing gas from flowing to the other fluidizing gas inlet pipes. In various embodiments, the fluidizing gas source includes a plurality of fluidizing gas supply pipes, each fluidizing gas supply pipe being in fluid communication with a corresponding fluidizing gas inlet pipe, wherein each fluidizing gas supply pipe includes a valve configured to selectively prevent fluidizing gas from flowing to the corresponding fluidizing gas inlet pipe.

[0012] In various embodiments, the fluidizing gas source includes a plurality of fluidizing gas supply pipes, each fluidizing gas supply pipe being in fluid communication with a corresponding fluidizing gas input pipe. Each fluidizing gas supply pipe includes a first valve configured to be in a first position, wherein:

[0013] The first position selectively prevents the fluidizing gas from flowing to the corresponding fluidizing gas inlet pipe; and

[0014] The corresponding fluidizing gas inlet pipe includes a second valve configured to allow particles to flow from the particle bed to the particle outlet when the first valve is in the first position. Similarly, in various embodiments, the first valve is also configured to be in a second position, wherein the second position allows fluidizing gas to flow to the corresponding fluidizing gas inlet pipe; and the second valve is configured to prevent particles from the particle bed from flowing to the particle outlet when the first valve is in the second position. In various embodiments, the first valve and the second valve allow fluidizing gas to flow to the corresponding fluidizing gas inlet pipe; or allow particles to flow from the particle bed through the fluidizing gas inlet pipe to the particle outlet; and do not allow fluidizing gas and particles to flow simultaneously through the fluidizing gas inlet pipe.

[0015] In various embodiments, the fluidized gas reactor includes a cooling system comprising a fluid inlet; a coolant flow path in fluid communication with the fluid inlet, the coolant flow path being configured to cool each fluidized gas inlet pipe; and a fluid outlet in fluid communication with the coolant flow path. The fluid inlet may include an input manifold. The coolant flow path may include a plurality of cooling jackets, each cooling jacket surrounding one of the fluidized gas inlet pipes; and each cooling jacket is in fluid communication with the input manifold. The fluid outlet may include an output manifold in fluid communication with each cooling jacket.

[0016] In various embodiments, the fluidized gas reactor includes a cooling system comprising a fluid inlet; a coolant flow path in fluid communication with the fluid inlet; and a fluid outlet in fluid communication with the coolant flow path. The coolant flow path may include a plurality of cooling jackets, each surrounding one of the fluidized gas inlet pipes; and the coolant flow path may be configured to provide a coolant flow from the fluid inlet to the fluid outlet, wherein the coolant flow passes sequentially through the plurality of cooling jackets. In various embodiments, the coolant flow path includes a plurality of cooling jackets, each surrounding one of the fluidized gas inlet pipes; and the coolant flow path is configured to provide a coolant flow from the fluid inlet to the fluid outlet, wherein the coolant flow passes parallel to the plurality of cooling jackets.

[0017] In some embodiments, the fluidized gas reactor may include a separation chamber located above the reaction chamber; and a conical deceleration chamber located between the reaction chamber and the separation chamber. In various embodiments, the diameter of the separation chamber is 1.5 to 10 times, 2 to 5 times, 2.25 to 4 times, or about 2.5 times larger than the diameter of the reaction chamber.

[0018] In various embodiments, the fluidized gas reactor includes a reaction chamber with graphite walls configured to be heated to about 600°C to about 2200°C, or 800°C to about 2000°C, or 1250°C to about 1800°C. The fluidized gas reactor may include a reaction chamber with graphite walls configured to be heated between about 600°C and about 2200°C; and at least one of the deceleration chamber and the separation chamber has graphite walls configured to be heated between about 600°C and about 2200°C.

[0019] The various embodiments disclosed herein relate to a fluidized gas reactor, including a reaction chamber having a particle bed; a gas distribution plate having a plurality of through openings therethrough, each opening communicating with the reaction chamber; and a plurality of fluidized gas inlet pipes, each of the fluidized gas inlet pipes being in fluid communication with one of the openings in the gas distribution plate. Each fluidized gas inlet pipe is configured to receive fluidized gas and deliver fluidized gas to the reaction chamber. The reactor may include a fluidized gas source configured to provide a fluidized gas flow to the fluidized gas inlet pipes; and a cooling system. In various embodiments, the cooling system includes a fluid inlet; a coolant flow path in fluid communication with the fluid inlet, the coolant flow path being configured to cool each fluidized gas inlet pipe; and a fluid outlet in fluid communication with the coolant flow path.

[0020] The various embodiments disclosed herein relate to a fluidized gas reactor configured to allow the recovery of particulate samples without interrupting an ongoing reaction, comprising a reaction chamber having a particle bed; a gas distribution plate having a plurality of through openings therethrough; and a plurality of fluidized gas inlet pipes in fluid communication with one of the conical pipes of the gas distribution plate. In various embodiments, each fluidized gas inlet pipe has a gas inlet opening and a particle outlet opening. A fluidized gas source is configured to provide a flow of fluidized gas to the gas inlet opening of the fluidized gas inlet pipe. In various embodiments, the reactor includes a valve system configured to selectively prevent fluidized gas flow to the gas inlet opening of any one of the fluidized gas inlet pipes; and to allow particles to flow from the particle bed to the particle outlet opening while preventing fluidized gas flow to the gas inlet opening. The valve system is configured to selectively prevent fluidized gas flow to the gas inlet opening of any one of the fluidized gas inlet pipes without preventing fluidized gas flow to the gas inlet openings of the other fluidized gas inlet pipes. The valve system can be configured to prevent particles from flowing from the particle bed to the particle outlet unless the fluidizing gas stops flowing to the gas inlet. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To better understand the various exemplary embodiments, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0022] Figure 1 A fluidized bed reactor with multiple gas inlet pipes is shown, each gas inlet pipe configured to deliver fluidizing gas to the reaction chamber;

[0023] Figure 2 It shows according to Figure 1 A fluidized bed reactor with multiple gas inlet pipes, one of which is configured to allow the collection of particulate samples from the fluidized bed;

[0024] Figures 3 to 5 It shows according to Figure 1 Various embodiments of a fluidized bed reactor having multiple gas inlet pipes, wherein the gas inlet pipes are configured with a cooling system;

[0025] Figures 6 to 8 Four different views of a system providing a gas inlet pipe to a fluidized bed reactor are shown, the gas inlet pipe being configured with a cooling jacket system;

[0026] Figure 9 It shows the relationship with Figures 6 to 8 The gas distribution plate connected to the system in the middle;

[0027] Figures 10A to 10F The gas inlet pipe and Figure 9Various arrangements of the gas distribution plate are shown;

[0028] Figure 11 An apparatus for use in conjunction with a fluidized bed reactor is shown, which is used to separate fine particles from a fluidizing gas; and

[0029] Figure 12 The apparatus shown in Figure 10 is used in conjunction with a fluidized bed reactor. Detailed Implementation

[0030] Referring now to the accompanying drawings, in which the same numbers denote the same components or steps, a wide range of exemplary embodiments are disclosed herein. Figure 1 A fluidized bed reactor is shown, configured to allow the recovery of particulate samples without interrupting the ongoing reaction.

[0031] 1. Particle sampling during fluidization process

[0032] Figure 1 The fluidized bed reactor includes a reaction chamber 1 having a particle bed 2. A gas distribution plate 3 forms the bottom of the reaction chamber 1 and has a conical gas inlet opening 9 extending therethrough. Multiple vertically arranged fluidizing gas inlet pipes 4 deliver fluidizing gas to the reaction chamber 1, each fluidizing gas inlet pipe being in fluid communication with one of the openings 9 in the gas distribution plate 3. Fluidizing gas is delivered from a fluidizing gas source to each fluidizing gas inlet pipe 4 via fluidizing gas supply pipes 5. Each fluidizing gas supply pipe 5 is in fluid communication with a corresponding fluidizing gas inlet pipe 4, and each fluidizing gas supply pipe 5 is configured to provide a fluidizing gas flow to the corresponding fluidizing gas inlet pipe 4. Figure 1 The fluidized bed reactor also includes multiple particle outlets 8, each particle outlet 8 being located at or connected to one of the fluidizing gas inlet pipes 4.

[0033] In various embodiments, the fluidizing gas source is configured to selectively block the flow of fluidizing gas to any one of the fluidizing gas inlet pipes 4. Each particle outlet is configured to receive particles from the particle bed while simultaneously blocking the flow of fluidizing gas to the corresponding fluidizing gas inlet pipe. (Reference) Figure 1 Each particle outlet 8 is connected to one of the fluidizing gas inlet pipes 4 via a valve 7, wherein each valve 7 is closed. Each fluidizing gas supply pipe 5 is connected to one of the fluidizing gas inlet pipes 4 via a valve 6. Figure 1In this configuration, each valve 6 is open, and each valve 7 is closed. Fluidizing gas is supplied through pipe 5 in the direction of arrow A to fluidizing gas inlet pipe 4, where the fluidizing gas flows from the first portion 5a of the fluidizing gas supply pipe 5 through valve 6, and then through the second portion 5b of the fluidizing gas supply pipe 5 to the fluidizing gas inlet pipe 4. The fluidizing gas then flows through the fluidizing gas inlet pipe 4 in the direction of arrow A, enters the reaction chamber 1 through opening 9, and fluidizes the particle bed 2.

[0034] In various embodiments, the fluidizing gas includes the reaction gas used to deposit a carbon or ceramic coating on particles 2. In this case, it is desirable to obtain a sample of the particles in the bed for analysis of the coating. It is also desirable to obtain a sample of the particles in the bed without interrupting the deposition reaction. Figure 2 As shown, Figure 1 The valve system in the device allows for the acquisition of such samples.

[0035] exist Figure 2 In this process, the fluidizing gas is supplied to the fluidizing gas inlet pipe 4 through two pipes 5 in the direction of arrow A passing through valve 6, and then flows into the fluidizing gas inlet pipe 4. The fluidizing gas then flows through the fluidizing gas inlet pipe 4 in the direction of arrow A, enters the reaction chamber 1 through opening 9, and fluidizes the particle bed 2. In the fluidizing gas inlet pipe 4, which receives the fluidizing gas from pipe 5, valve 7 is closed. Figure 2 As shown, no fluidizing gas is received in the third fluidizing gas inlet pipe 4 because valve 6a (corresponding to...) Figure 1 One of the valves (6) in the fluidizing gas inlet pipe 5a is closed, preventing the fluidizing gas from flowing out of pipe 5a. In the third fluidizing gas inlet pipe 4, valve 7a between the particle outlet 8 and the fluidizing gas inlet pipe 4 is open. This allows the particle sample 2 in reaction chamber 1 to fall through the fluidizing gas inlet pipe 4 to the particle outlet 8 in the direction of arrow C, allowing the recovery of the particle sample from the fluidized bed from the particle outlet 8. Since the fluidizing gas continues to enter the reaction chamber through the other pipes 4 in the direction of arrow B, the recovery of the particle sample does not interrupt the ongoing deposition reaction in reaction chamber 1. Furthermore, the positive pressure in the reaction chamber as the fluidizing gas enters the reaction chamber through pipe 4 in the direction of arrow B can aid in particle recovery by blowing particles in the direction of arrow C.

[0036] Figure 3 A fluidized bed reactor with a reaction chamber 1 is shown, wherein the fluidized bed reactor has a particle bed 2. A gas distribution plate 3 has a conical gas inlet opening 9 extending through it. Multiple fluidizing gas inlet pipes 4 (two such as...) are also shown. Figure 3As shown, although more may be used, the fluidizing gas is delivered to the reaction chamber 1 in the direction of arrow B. The fluidizing gas is delivered from the fluidizing gas source to each fluidizing gas inlet pipe 4 via fluidizing gas supply pipe 5. Each fluidizing gas supply pipe 5 is in fluid communication with the corresponding fluidizing gas inlet pipe 4, and each fluidizing gas supply pipe 5 is configured to provide a fluidizing gas flow to the corresponding fluidizing gas inlet pipe 4. Figure 1 The fluidized bed reactor also includes multiple particle outlets 8, each particle outlet 8 being located at or connected to one of the fluidizing gas inlet pipes 4.

[0037] exist Figure 3 In the reaction chamber 1, there are walls 10 made of a conductive material (e.g., conductive carbon, such as graphite). The graphite walls of the reaction chamber are resistive (in... Figure 3 (Represented as resistor 10a). Power supply 11 supplies current to resistive graphite wall 10 through circuit 12, heating reaction chamber 1 to a temperature between approximately 600°C and approximately 2200°C.

[0038] In various embodiments, various materials can be deposited on the core particles in the reaction chamber. Fluidized bed chemical vapor deposition (FBCVD) can be used to deposit materials in single-crystalline, polycrystalline, and amorphous coatings on the core fluidized bed particles. These coatings include silicon, silicon dioxide, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, pyrolytic carbon, diamond, graphite, fluorocarbons, tungsten, titanium nitride, and high-dielectric dielectrics.

[0039] In various embodiments, pyrolytic carbon (PyC) can be deposited on the core particles using acetylene or an acetylene / propylene mixture at a deposition temperature of 1250 to 1450 °C via FBCVD. Silicon can be deposited on the core particles via FBCVD utilizing the pyrolytic decomposition of silanes, followed by deposition on a fluidized bed formed at 650 °C. Silicon carbide (SiC) can be deposited on the core particles using FBCVD of CH3SiCl3 at 1500 °C using a hydrogen carrier gas.

[0040] In various embodiments, the core particles can be sequentially coated with multiple layers. For example, nuclear fuel particles can be produced by sequentially coating UO2 core particles. UO2 particles can be coated with a porous carbon layer by depositing a dense carbon layer from ethylene in an inert carrier gas at 1250°C, followed by depositing carbon from an acetylene / propylene mixture in an inert carrier gas at 1300°C. A silicon carbide layer is deposited on the dense carbon layer by extraction from CH3SiCl3 using a hydrogen carrier gas at 1500°C. Finally, a dense carbon outer layer is deposited from an acetylene / propylene mixture in an inert carrier gas at 1300°C. The resulting particles are called TRISO coated particles.

[0041] In various embodiments, the fluidized bed in the fluidized bed reactor according to claim 1 may comprise core particles, and as... Figure 1 As shown, the fluidized gas containing reactants can flow into the reaction chamber 1 from various inlet pipes 4 through openings 9 in the gas distribution plate 3. After allowing the reaction to proceed for a period of time, a valve 6 can be closed (e.g., Figure 2 As shown in valve 6a), the fluidizing gas flow through one input pipe 4 is cut off, and the fluidizing gas flows through the remaining input pipe 4 without interrupting the fluidization of the particle bed. Figure 2 As shown, one of the valves 7 (e.g.) Figure 2 As shown in valve 7a, located in the inlet pipe connected to valve 6a, opening the valve 7 allows the particulate sample to fall through inlet pipe 4 to particulate outlet 8 for recovery and analysis. For example, if pyrolytic carbon deposits on the core particles, the carbon-coated particulate sample can be recovered through inlet pipe 4 and particulate outlet 8 after the reaction is allowed to continue for a certain period of time without interrupting the fluidization process through the remaining inlet pipe 4. If analysis reveals that the coating of the sample particles is uneven or incomplete, pyrolytic carbon deposition is allowed to continue in the reaction chamber. If the particles are found to have a complete coating, deposition can be stopped and the particles can be recovered.

[0042] If the particles are coated in multiple layers in sequence, the particles can be sampled and analyzed at each coating step without interrupting the fluidization process.

[0043] 2. Cooling system

[0044] Heating the interior of reaction chamber 1 to between approximately 600°C and 2200°C during high-temperature FBCVD reactions can have adverse side effects, namely, heating the fluidizing gas in the fluidizing gas inlet pipe 4 before it enters reaction chamber 1. If the fluidizing gas contains reactive gases, this can cause reaction products, such as carbon or ceramic layers, to deposit inside pipe 4, thereby reducing the flow rate of the fluidizing gas or completely blocking its flow. This can be reduced or prevented by using a suitable cooling system.

[0045] This cooling system, such as Figure 3 As shown. Each fluidizing gas inlet pipe 4 enters the pressurization chamber 17 below the gas distribution plate 3. Each fluidizing gas inlet pipe 4 is surrounded by a hollow sheath 14. The coolant can be water or steam, which enters the first sheath 14 through the coolant inlet pipe 13. After the first sheath 14 is filled, the coolant flows out of the sheath 14 through the coolant flow pipe 15 and flows to the second sheath 14. After the second sheath 14 is filled, the coolant flows out of the second sheath 14 through the coolant outlet pipe 16. Figure 3In this embodiment, the coolant flows sequentially through the cooling jacket 14. This reduces the likelihood that the fluidizing gas in the fluidizing gas inlet pipe 4 or these pipes will be overheated by the high-temperature gas inside the reaction chamber 1. It also reduces the rate at which carbon or ceramic reaction products are deposited on the inner surface of the pipe 4.

[0046] Another cooling system such as Figure 4 As shown. Each fluidizing gas inlet pipe 4 enters the pressurization chamber 17 below the gas distribution plate 3. The coolant is preferably a gas 18 such as steam, which enters the pressurization chamber 17 through the coolant inlet pipe 13a. After the pressurization chamber 17 is filled, the coolant flows out of the pressurization chamber 17 through the coolant outlet pipe 16. This reduces the possibility of the high-temperature gas inside the reaction chamber 1 overheating the interior of the pressurization chamber 17, and avoids the high-temperature gas inside the reaction chamber 1 overheating the fluidizing gas in the fluidizing gas inlet pipe 4. Similarly, this reduces the rate at which reaction products deposit on the inner surface of the pipe 4.

[0047] The third type of cooling system, such as Figure 5 As shown. Fluidizing gas inlet pipes 4 are contained within pressurization chamber 17. Each fluidizing gas inlet pipe 4 is surrounded by a hollow sheath 14. The coolant, which can be water or steam, enters the inlet manifold 19 from the coolant inlet pipe 13. The coolant flow is distributed from the inlet manifold 19 to each sheath 14. Figure 5 Two jacketed inlet pipes are shown, but more jacketed inlet pipes can be used if needed. After each jacket 14 is filled, coolant flows out of the jacket 14 and into the outlet manifold 20. Coolant flows out of the booster chamber 17 from the outlet manifold 20 through the coolant outlet pipe 16. Figure 5 In this embodiment, the coolant flows parallel through each cooling jacket 14. This allows for a more uniform heat distribution within the pressurization chamber compared to the coolant flowing sequentially through each cooling jacket 14. If the coolant flows sequentially through the cooling jackets, the time it takes for the coolant to absorb heat from the fluidizing gas inlet pipe 4 is shorter when entering the first cooling jacket compared to when entering the last cooling jacket; therefore, the efficiency of heat removal from the fluidizing gas inlet pipe 4 decreases with increasing distance from the coolant inlet. If the coolant flows parallel through the cooling jackets, the coolant arrives at each cooling jacket 14 approximately simultaneously, and thus heat is removed from each fluidizing gas inlet pipe 4 with similar efficiency.

[0048] like Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, each fluidizing gas supply pipe 5 passes through a cooling jacket 14 before intersecting with the corresponding fluidizing gas inlet pipe 4. This cools the fluidizing gas before it enters the inlet pipe 4, preventing reactant materials in the fluidizing gas from reacting to form solid carbon or ceramic materials that would accumulate at the opening between the supply pipe 5 and the inlet pipe 4. This reduces the likelihood of preventing the fluidizing gas from flowing into the inlet pipe 4.

[0049] Similarly, Figure 3 As shown, the fluidizing gas inlet pipe 4 extends downward beyond the lower surface of the pressurization chamber 17. For each inlet pipe 4, a valve 7 is located at the junction between the inlet pipe 4 and the particle outlet 8, below the pressurization chamber 17.

[0050] like Figure 3 As shown, each fluidizing gas supply pipe 5 has a valve 6 that prevents fluidizing gas from flowing to the corresponding input pipe 4. Each valve 6 operates independently. By closing the valve 6 in the corresponding supply pipe 5, the flow of fluidizing gas to any one input pipe 4 can be prevented, without preventing the flow of fluidizing gas to each of the remaining input pipes.

[0051] After selecting input tube 4 and preventing fluidizing gas from flowing into it, valve 7 at the lower end of the selected input tube is opened, and the particle sample in the particle bed falls through the selected input tube and through the open valve 7 to the particle outlet 7. As the particles are collected, they fall through the area of ​​input tube 4 cooled by cooling jacket 5, thereby slowing the reaction rate between any reactive gas in tube 4 and the particle surface. After collecting the particle sample, valve 7 is closed and valve 6 is opened, allowing fluidizing gas to flow through the selected input tube 4. Therefore, this arrangement allows the particle sample for analysis to be recovered from the particle outlet 8 connected to the first input tube 4, while allowing fluidizing gas to continue flowing into reaction chamber 1 through all remaining input tubes. Thus, the collection of the particle sample does not interrupt the reaction between the fluidizing gas and the particle bed in chamber 1.

[0052] Figure 6 and Figure 7 A set of components including a fluidizing gas inlet pipe and a cooling system is shown, designed for installation in the pressurization chamber of a fluidizing gas reactor, located below the gas distribution plate. Figure 6 and Figure 7 In this embodiment, there are two cooling jackets 14. Fluidizing gas inlet pipe 4 (e.g.) Figure 7 (As shown) passes through each cooling jacket, through the distribution plate 3 ( Figure 6 and Figure 7 The opening 9 (not shown) delivers the fluidizing gas into the reaction chamber. Plate 22 (as shown) Figure 7 (As shown) to stabilize the cooling jackets and keep them in a fixed relative orientation; plate 22 can also be fixed to the inner wall of the pressurization chamber.

[0053] The lower end of each cooling jacket may terminate at the second stabilizing plate 23 (e.g., Figure 7 As shown), the lower end of each cooling jacket can be fixed to the bottom of the pressurization chamber. Figure 6 and Figure 7 (Not shown in the diagram). The fluidizing gas inlet pipe 4 within each external cooling jacket 14 leads to valve 7. When valve 7 is open, particles from the fluidized bed reactor enter particle outlet pipe 8 through valve 7 and then fall into sampling chamber 24.

[0054] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, coolant inlet 13 delivers coolant to the first cooling jacket 14. The coolant then flows from the first cooling jacket 14 to the second cooling jacket 14, and then exits the pressurization chamber through coolant outlet 16. The coolant then flows between the cooling jackets 14 through pipe 15. Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the fluidizing gas is delivered to each fluidizing gas inlet pipe 4 via a corresponding fluidizing gas supply pipe 5, which passes through a cooling jacket 14 before intersecting with the inlet pipe 4. Alternatively, as... Figure 7 As shown, the fluidizing gas supply pipe 5 passes through the solid cylinder 14c before intersecting with the input pipe 4, wherein the cylinder 14c is located below the coolant inlet 13. Valve 6 allows temporary cessation of the fluidizing gas supply to each input pipe so that particulate samples can be collected in the corresponding sampling chamber 24 by opening valve 7.

[0055] Figure 8 It shows the view from the direction of arrow 8. Figure 7 Components. In Figure 8 In the view, the upper side of the sampling chamber 24 can be seen to be a cooling jacket 14. The first cooling jacket 14 has a fluid inlet 13 that draws coolant into the jacket 14. The coolant exits the first cooling jacket 14 through a pipe 15 and enters the second cooling jacket 14. Then, the coolant exits the second cooling jacket through a coolant outlet 16. Each cooling jacket 14 has a fluidizing gas supply pipe 4 at its center, allowing the temperature of the fluidizing gas to be regulated through indirect heat exchange with the coolant. Each fluidizing gas supply pipe 4 supplies fluidizing gas through a supply pipe 5a leading to the valve 6, and then through a pipe 5b.

[0056] Figure 9 It shows Figure 7 The device together with the cross-section of the gas distribution plate 3. For example... Figure 9 As shown, plate 3 has a cylindrical wall 3a and a conical gas distribution surface 9, which surrounds the opening of fluidizing gas supply pipe 4. Adjacent gas distribution holes 9 may contact each other at the ridged edge 9a. The surface of the conical gas distribution hole 9 may intersect with the cylindrical wall 3a at the edge 9b.

[0057] Figures 10A to 10F Various configurations of the gas distribution plate 3 are shown for use with three fluidizing gas supply pipes 4 ( Figure 10A and Figure 10B ); Four fluidizing gas supply pipes 4 ( Figure 10C and Figure 10D ); or five fluidizing gas supply pipes 4 ( Figure 10E and Figure 10FThey are used together. Each plate has multiple openings, each corresponding to the upper opening of the fluidizing gas supply pipe 4; and a conical surface 9 surrounding each opening at the bottom of the plate 3. Each pair of adjacent conical surfaces 9 intersects at the ridge edge 9a.

[0058] Back Figure 3 The reaction chamber 1 has walls 10 made of a conductive material, such as conductive carbon or graphite. Fluidizing gas flows through the reaction chamber 1 in the direction of arrow B and exits through the outlet pipe 1a. As the fluidizing gas flows through the reaction chamber 1, the particles 2 in the particle bed are fluidized. Typically, the particle bed comprises particles of a range of sizes, including large and small particles. As the fluidizing gas flows through the particle bed, the gas flow causes larger particles to move within the particle bed without escaping from its surface. However, smaller particles may be entrained in the fluidizing gas flow because they have greater buoyancy in the fluidizing gas flow. These small particles escape from the surface of the fluidized bed and may exit the reactor 1 through pipe 1a. This reduces the yield of the reaction between the particles and reactants in the fluidized bed and necessitates the placement of a device at the outlet of pipe 1a to recover or recycle entrained small particles. This helps prevent entrained small particles from entering the fluidizing gas outlet pipe 1a.

[0059] 3. Separation of fine particles

[0060] Figure 11 A device 25 for recovering entrained small particles from a fluidized gas stream flowing through a tubular fluidized gas reactor is shown. The device 25 is configured above a chamber 1 of the tubular fluidized gas reactor. The device 25 includes a lower end having an opening 26 of diameter x, configured to receive fluidized gas from a reaction chamber; and a tubular separation chamber 30 of diameter nx above the opening, where n is between 1.5 and 10. In various embodiments, the inner diameter of the separation chamber is 1.5 to 10 times (n is 1.5 to 10), 2 to 5 times, 2.25 to 4 times, or about 2.5 times larger than the diameter of the reaction chamber. In various embodiments, a conical deceleration chamber connects the opening 26 and the deceleration chamber, and the angle y between the plane m defining the lower boundary of the separation chamber 30 and the conical inner wall of the deceleration chamber 29 is between 15° and 75°, between 25° and 65°, between 30° and 60°, between 40° and 50°, or about 45°. Two openings 31 on the wall of separation chamber 30 allow the fluidizing gas to exit separation chamber 30 after entering deceleration chamber through opening 26.

[0061] The edge of opening 26 is defined by a raised edge 28. Indentation 27 is defined by a horizontal surface at the lower edge of the vertical outer surface of edge 28 and the outer surface of the wall of deceleration chamber 29. Edge 28 and indentation 27 are used to mount device 25 to the upper edge of reaction chamber 1.

[0062] like Figure 12As shown, device 25 can be used with a fluidized gas reactor, typically as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the fluidized gas reactor has a reaction chamber 1 with an opening 35 at its upper end. Around the outer edge of the opening 35, the reaction chamber 1 has a raised edge 34, which is fitted into an indentation 27 of the device 25. The reaction chamber 1 also has an indentation 33 that accommodates the raised edge 28 in the device 25. The opening at the top of the device 1 can be closed with a cover 32.

[0063] like Figure 11 As shown, the fluidizing gas flows from the fluidizing gas supply pipe 5a through the fluidizing gas input pipe 4 and enters the reaction chamber 1 through the opening 9 in the gas distribution plate 3. Then, the fluidizing gas leaves the reaction chamber through the opening 26 and enters the device 25. In the device 25, the fluidizing gas enters the deceleration chamber 29 at a first velocity, carrying entrained fine particles from the fluidized bed in the reaction chamber 1. As the fluidizing gas passes through the deceleration chamber, the cross-sectional area through which the gas passes increases, and the gas velocity decreases until the fluidizing gas leaves the deceleration chamber 29 at a second velocity, which is lower than the first velocity, and enters the separation chamber 30. Figure 12 In the apparatus, the cross-sectional area of ​​reaction chamber 1 is x, and the cross-sectional area of ​​separation chamber 30 is 2.5x. When the fluidizing gas flows from reaction chamber 1 to separation chamber 30 through deceleration chamber 29, the gas flow velocity is reduced by a factor of 10.

[0064] As the velocity of the fluidizing gas in separation chamber 30 decreases, the buoyancy of the entrained fine particles in the fluidizing gas decreases as the fluidizing gas passes through reaction chamber 1. Therefore, the fine particles tend to detach from the fluidizing gas stream before entering outlet 31, i.e., they separate from the fluidizing gas stream. The separated particles fall into reaction chamber 1 through deceleration chamber 29. The conical inner surface of deceleration chamber 29 facilitates the transport of the separated particles from separation chamber 30 to reaction chamber 1. After the fine particles are separated, the fluidizing gas leaves the separation chamber through outlet 31 and enters outlet pipe 1a. Figure 12 As shown, outlet pipe 1a can directly carry the fluidizing gas out of separation chamber 30. Alternatively, opening 31 can transport the fluidizing gas from separation chamber 30 to the outer shell chamber, sealing reaction chamber 1 and device 25. The fluidizing gas can then leave the outer shell chamber through a set of outlet pipes.

[0065] Although various embodiments have been described in detail, it should be understood, with particular reference to certain aspects, that other embodiments of the invention can be implemented, and its details can be modified in various obvious ways. As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, variations and modifications may be affected while remaining within the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the foregoing disclosure, description, and drawings are for illustrative purposes only and do not limit the invention in any way, which is defined only by the claims.

Claims

1. A fluidized gas reactor, comprising: a. A reaction chamber, the reaction chamber comprising a particle bed; b. A gas distribution plate having a plurality of through openings therethrough, wherein each opening communicates with the reaction chamber; c. A plurality of fluidizing gas inlet pipes, each of the fluidizing gas inlet pipes being in fluid communication with one of the openings of the gas distribution plate; Each fluidizing gas inlet pipe is configured to receive fluidizing gas and deliver the fluidizing gas to the reaction chamber; d. A fluidizing gas source, wherein the fluidizing gas source is configured to provide a fluidizing gas flow to each fluidizing gas inlet pipe; e. A cooling system, the cooling system comprising: fluid inlet; A coolant flow path in fluid communication with the fluid inlet, the coolant flow path being configured to cool each fluidizing gas inlet pipe; and A fluid outlet that is in fluid communication with the coolant flow path; The fluidized gas reactor further includes: f. Multiple particle outlets, each particle outlet located at the lower end of one of the fluidizing gas inlet pipes; Wherein, the fluidizing gas source is configured to selectively prevent the fluidizing gas from flowing to any of the fluidizing gas inlet pipes; and Each particle outlet is configured to receive particles from the particle bed while preventing fluidizing gas from flowing to the corresponding fluidizing gas inlet pipe.

2. The fluidized gas reactor according to claim 1, wherein: The fluid inlet includes an input manifold; The coolant flow path includes multiple cooling jackets, wherein: Each cooling jacket surrounds one of the fluidized gas inlet pipes; and Each cooling jacket is in fluid communication with the input manifold; and The fluid outlet includes an output manifold that is in fluid communication with each cooling jacket.

3. The fluidized gas reactor according to claim 1, wherein: The coolant flow path includes multiple cooling jackets, each of which surrounds one of the fluidizing gas inlet pipes; and The coolant flow path is configured to provide a coolant flow from the fluid inlet to the fluid outlet, wherein the coolant flow passes sequentially through the plurality of cooling jackets.

4. The fluidized gas reactor according to claim 1, wherein: The coolant flow path includes multiple cooling jackets, each of which surrounds one of the fluidizing gas inlet pipes; and The coolant flow path is configured to provide a coolant flow from the fluid inlet to the fluid outlet, wherein the coolant flow flows parallel through the plurality of cooling jackets.

5. The fluidized gas reactor according to claim 1, wherein, The fluidized gas reactor further includes: The separation chamber located above the reaction chamber; and A conical deceleration chamber between the reaction chamber and the separation chamber; The diameter of the separation chamber is 1.5 to 10 times the diameter of the reaction chamber.

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