torque output assembly

Abstract

The present application relates to torque transmission technical field, first aspect discloses a kind of torque output assembly, including centring sleeve, power input end rotates around rotation axis, power output end inside forms operation hole, the axis of operation hole substantially coincides with rotation axis, the depth of operation hole is greater than the thickness of workpiece;The free end of power output end extends laterally outwardly, to form abutting portion;The end face of abutting portion away from power input end is recessed inwardly, to form centring recess;The depth of centring recess is less than the thickness of workpiece, recess is through with operation hole, centring recess applies centripetal force to workpiece when centring sleeve rotates, to guide workpiece into operation hole.The beneficial effects of the present application are: with the help of centring sleeve, centring before coupling and torque transmission after coupling can be successfully completed, so that the centring sleeve and workpiece can be quickly positioned, improve the work efficiency, reduce the attitude requirement of centring sleeve (relative to workpiece) when centring.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mechanical transmission technology, and in particular to a torque output component, a wrench, a torque output mechanism, a wrench, a wrench control method, and a wrench assembly. Background Technology

[0002] In mechanical engineering, the following scenarios are frequently required: frequent coupling and decoupling of the power output component (such as a shaft) of a device from a workpiece. When coupled, the power output shaft can output torque to the workpiece, thereby making the workpiece work (when the workpiece is a bolt, nut, or other locking component, the workpiece's operation is reflected in the rotation of the locking component while simultaneously locking or loosening); when decoupled, the torque transmission between the power output component and the workpiece is cut off, and torque is no longer transmitted.

[0003] To address the aforementioned scenarios, mechanical engineering typically employs clutches. However, these clutches are often overly complex, especially in situations where the positioning accuracy between the power output component and the workpiece is not critical, such as when various handheld devices (torque wrenches) output torque. The added size and weight due to the clutch are particularly unnecessary. Furthermore, the complex clutch structure leads to a greater number of components and increased cost. Clutch operation also reduces torque transmission efficiency, and the increased noise and vibration from the transmission of various parts during clutch operation further complicates or even prevents manual operation. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a torque output component, a wrench, a torque output mechanism, a wrench control method, and a wrench assembly to solve the aforementioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a solution for dealing with frequent coupling and decoupling between the power output component and the workpiece when the positioning accuracy requirements (positioning the power output component of the output torque to the workpiece) are not high.

[0005] A first aspect of the present invention provides a torque output assembly, comprising a centering sleeve, the centering sleeve having: The power input end can be driven to rotate about the rotation axis; Power output end, of which: The power output end has a working hole that matches the outer contour of the workpiece. The axis of the working hole is substantially coincident with the axis of rotation, and the depth of the working hole is greater than the thickness of the workpiece. The free end of the power output end extends laterally outward to form an abutment portion. The abutment portion is recessed inward from the end face opposite to the power input end to form a centering groove. The depth of the centering groove is less than the thickness of the workpiece. The centering groove communicates with the working hole. When the centering sleeve rotates, the centering groove applies a centripetal force to the workpiece to guide the workpiece into the working hole. The centering groove has a distal end, and the distance from the distal end to the rotation axis is ≥ 1.5 times the radius of the working hole.

[0006] A second aspect of the present invention discloses a wrench, comprising a bracket, a power mechanism, and the aforementioned torque output assembly, wherein: The power mechanism drives the centering sleeve to rotate around the rotation axis. The power mechanism is flexibly connected to the bracket to allow the power mechanism to laterally tilt relative to the bracket. The working hole mates with the nut end of the nut or screw.

[0007] A third aspect of the present invention discloses a torque output mechanism, which includes the above-mentioned torque output components, wherein there are at least two torque output components and they are mounted on the same bracket; A power output shaft, wherein the power input end is movably mounted on the power output shaft along the rotation axis or in a direction parallel to the rotation axis; The second thrust member is located between the power output shaft and the centering sleeve, and is used to generate a thrust that separates the power output shaft from the centering sleeve.

[0008] A fourth aspect of the present invention discloses a wrench, comprising a power mechanism and the aforementioned torque output mechanism, wherein: The power mechanism drives the power output shaft to rotate around the rotation axis, and the power mechanism is flexibly connected to the bracket to allow the power mechanism to yaw laterally relative to the bracket; The working hole mates with the nut end of the nut or screw.

[0009] The fifth aspect of this invention discloses a method for controlling the above-mentioned wrench, comprising the steps of: From the moment the nut abuts against the centering groove or the nut is inserted into the working hole, the centering sleeve first moves at a speed V 定心 Rotate, then move at a speed of V 作业 Rotation, V 定心 <V 作业 .

[0010] The sixth aspect of this invention discloses a wrench assembly, comprising: Any of the aforementioned wrenches; A railcar includes a frame and wheels rotatably mounted on the frame, wherein the frame is driven to move along the rails by means of the rolling of the wheels along the rails; The bracket is mounted on the railcar in a vertical and / or horizontal working position via the connecting assembly.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is that, with the help of the centering sleeve, the following actions can be completed sequentially: Before coupling, centering is performed manually using a centering sleeve or a device equipped with a centering sleeve, so that the workpiece can be completely placed in the centering groove in the transverse direction (in a plane perpendicular to the depth direction of the centering groove). Then, the centering sleeve starts to rotate around the rotation axis under the drive of a power output component. At this time, with the help of the structural design of the centering groove, the centering sleeve applies a centripetal force (pointing to the central axis of the working hole) to the workpiece. Under the action of this centripetal force, the workpiece moves towards the central axis of the working hole. That is, while the centering groove rotates around the rotation axis, it will move closer to the workpiece in the transverse direction. Whether the workpiece itself will rotate depends on the relationship between the component of the centripetal force in the normal direction (perpendicular to the radial direction in the transverse plane) and the frictional torque experienced by the workpiece when it is rotated, until the outer edge of the workpiece completely falls into the inner edge of the working hole, preparing for the workpiece to enter the working hole in the longitudinal direction (depth direction of the working hole). After coupling, the torque is transmitted so that when the outer edge of the workpiece falls completely into the inner edge of the working hole, at least part of the workpiece can be locked into the working hole under its own weight and / or the hand force applied by the user. That is, the rotation of the centering sleeve can drive the workpiece to rotate, thereby coupling and transmitting torque. The workpiece works under the action of this torque (output torque, which is specifically reflected in the tightening or loosening of the nut end of the nut or bolt when the centering sleeve is installed with the wrench). The workpiece rotates synchronously with the centering sleeve under the constraint of the inner edge contour of the working hole. Due to the presence of the centering groove, the following working conditions exist in some processes: part of the workpiece is located in the centering groove and the other part is located in the working hole in the axial direction. Under the condition that the positioning gap between the working hole and the workpiece is constant, the workpiece is only partially located in the working hole in the height direction. This allows for a relatively large runout between the working hole and the workpiece (relative to the workpiece being completely located in the working hole in the height direction). This large runout reduces the requirements for the workpiece to enter the working hole from the centering groove (the angle between the axis of the centering sleeve and the central axis of the workpiece). In other words, it is beneficial for the workpiece to enter the working hole from the centering groove, reducing the posture requirements of the centering sleeve relative to the workpiece during centering (coupling). At the same time, it is also beneficial for the decoupling between the centering sleeve and the workpiece. That is, when the angle between the rotation axis of the centering sleeve and the central axis of the workpiece is relatively large, the two can be separated, reducing the posture requirements of the centering sleeve relative to the workpiece during decoupling. Attached Figure Description

[0012] To make the advantages of the invention more readily apparent, the invention briefly described above will be described in more detail with reference to the specific embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. It will be understood that these drawings depict only typical embodiments of the invention and should not be construed as limiting its scope of protection. The invention is described and explained with reference to the drawings to provide additional features and details.

[0013] Figure 1 This is a first-view perspective three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of a centering sleeve, wherein the centering groove has a variable depth; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure from a second-person perspective; Figure 3 for Figure 1 The top view, that is, the view from the side of the power input end; Figure 4 for Figure 3 Sectional view of mid-section AA; Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram from another embodiment of the centering sleeve, wherein the centering groove has a constant depth or a variable depth. Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram from another embodiment of the centering sleeve, wherein the centering groove has a uniform depth; Figure 7 for Figure 6 Sectional view of mid-section AA; Figure 8 This is a first-view perspective structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of a power output component in its assembled state, wherein: the centering groove has a variable depth, the positioning groove is not through, and there are two positioning elements; Figure 9 for Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure from a second-person perspective; Figure 10 for Figure 9 Top view; Figure 11 for Figure 10 Sectional view of mid-section AA; Figure 12 for Figure 11 A magnified view of a portion of region Z in the middle; Figure 13 for Figure 8 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the power output shaft in the embodiment; Figure 14 This is a first-view perspective structural diagram of the assembly state of another embodiment of the power output component, wherein: the centering groove has a variable depth, the positioning groove is through to form a positioning hole, and the positioning element is a rod that passes laterally through the positioning hole; Figure 15 for Figure 14A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure from a second-person perspective; Figure 16 for Figure 15 Top view; Figure 17 for Figure 16 Sectional view of mid-section AA; Figure 18 for Figure 17 A magnified view of a portion of region Z in the middle; Figure 19 for Figure 14 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the power output shaft in the embodiment; Figure 20 A three-dimensional structural diagram of an embodiment of a wrench; Figure 21 for Figure 20 The schematic diagram of a portion of the hidden support structure is intended to illustrate the connecting bolts between the support and the flexible (elastic) component. Figure 22 for Figure 21 The diagram also shows a three-dimensional structure of another part of the support, which is intended to illustrate the flexible component (elastic component) and the connecting bolts connecting the support and the flexible component (elastic component). Figure 23 A first-view perspective three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of an embodiment of a wrench assembly; Figure 24 for Figure 23 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure from a second-person perspective; Figure 25 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of using a wrench assembly to install (rail) fastener bolts; Figure 26 for Figure 23 Sectional view of mid-section AA; Figure 27 This is a control block diagram of an embodiment of a wrench control method; Figure 28 This is a control block diagram of yet another embodiment of the wrench control method; Figure 29 This is a control block diagram of another embodiment of the wrench control method.

[0014] The attached figures are labeled as follows: 1. Torque output component; 11. Centering sleeve; 111. Power input end; 1111. Square hole; 1112. Limiting hole; 112. Rotation axis; 113. Power output end; 114. Working hole; 1141. Limiting part; 1142. Opening; 115. Abutting part; 1151. Abutting plane; 116. Centering groove; 1161. Bottom surface; 1162. Guide surface; 1163. Tangent end; 117. Dynamic balance adjustment structure; 118. Sliding part; 119. Limiting groove; 12. First thrust component; 121. Longitudinal cavity; 13. Power take-off shaft; 131. Stroke adjustment end; 132. Stroke adjustment groove; 133. Stroke adjustment hole; 14. Second thrust component; 15. Positioning component; 151. First end of positioning component; 152. Second end of positioning component; 16. Limiting components; 17. Yaw gap; 2. Bracket; 21. Elastic element; 22. Connecting bolt; 3. Processor; 4. Workpiece; 41. Nut; 42. Screw; 5. Parts; 51. The surface of parts; 61. Position detection sensor; 62. Timer; 63. Rotation angle detection sensor; 7. Railcar; 71. Frame; 72. Wheels; 73. Linkage mechanism; 81. Inserted post; 82. Rotating cylinder; 9. Steel rails; 1-1 Torque output mechanism; 1-2 Power mechanism; 1-2-1 Housing of the power mechanism; 1-2-2 Rechargeable battery; 1-1-1, Wrench; 1-1-1-1, Wrench assembly. Implementation

[0015] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that embodiments of the invention may be practiced without one or more of these details. In other instances, certain technical features well-known in the art have not been described in order to avoid confusion with embodiments of the invention.

[0016] To fully understand the embodiments of the present invention, detailed structures will be presented in the following description. Obviously, the implementation of the embodiments of the present invention is not limited to the specific details familiar to those skilled in the art. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below; however, in addition to these detailed descriptions, the present invention may have other embodiments.

[0017] In the description of this invention, the term "A and / or B" refers to all possible combinations of A and B, such as only A, only B, or A and B. The terms "at least one A or B" or "at least one of A and B" have a similar meaning to "A and / or B" and can include only A, only B, or A and B. The singular terms "a" or "this" can also include plural forms. The terms "inner side," "outer side," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "top," "bottom," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the invention and do not require the invention to be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention. The terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. In addition, in the description of this invention, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0018] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings: The first aspect of this invention discloses a torque output component 1, see [link to previous document]. Figures 1 to 19 It includes a centering sleeve 11, which has a power input end 111 and a power output end 113. The power input end 111 is configured to be driven, such as having a square hole 1111, so that the power output component with a square drive part can output torque through the power input end 111. Of course, the power input end 111 can also be configured to be driven in other ways. After being driven, the power input end 111 rotates around the rotation axis 112 (R as shown in the figure).

[0019] In order to achieve torque transmission after coupling with workpiece 4, a working hole 114 is formed inside the power output end 113 to match the outer contour of workpiece 4. The axis of the working hole 114 is basically coincident with the rotation axis 112. This basic coincidence can be complete coincidence or it can be slightly offset by a small distance (such as 1 / 30 of the diameter of the working hole 114). The depth of the working hole 114 is greater than the thickness of the workpiece 4 to ensure that the workpiece 4 can be completely inserted into the working hole 114 and to be suitable for workpieces with greater thickness.

[0020] The free end of the power output end 113 extends laterally outward to form an abutment portion 115. The abutment portion 115 is recessed inward from the end face away from the power input end 111 to form a centering groove 116. The depth of the centering groove 116 is less than the thickness of the workpiece 4, so that the workpiece 4 can at least partially enter the working hole 114 in the longitudinal direction after the lateral movement of the workpiece 4 is covered by the edge of the working hole 114, and is thus limited by the inner edge of the working hole 114 to complete the torque transmission. The centering groove 116 is in communication with the working hole 114. When the centering sleeve 11 rotates, the centering groove 116 applies a centripetal force to the workpiece 4 to guide the workpiece 4 into the working hole 114.

[0021] With the help of the centering sleeve 11, the following actions can be performed in sequence: Before coupling, centering is performed manually using the centering sleeve 11 or a device equipped with the centering sleeve 11, so that the workpiece 4 is completely placed within the centering groove 116 in the transverse direction (in a plane perpendicular to the depth direction of the centering groove 116). More precisely, the workpiece 4 is located within the area covered by the rotation of the centering groove 116 around the rotation axis 112. Then, driven by a power output component, the centering sleeve 11 begins to rotate around the rotation axis 112. At this time, with the help of the structural design of the centering groove 116, the centering sleeve 11 applies centripetal force (pointing towards the center of the working hole 114) to the workpiece 4. The centripetal force causes the workpiece 4 to move toward the central axis of the working hole 114. That is, while the centering groove 116 rotates around the rotation axis 112, it will move closer to the workpiece 4 in the transverse direction. Whether the workpiece 4 itself will rotate depends on the relationship between the component of the centripetal force in the tangential direction (perpendicular to the radial direction in the transverse plane) and the frictional torque experienced by the workpiece 4 when it is rotated. This continues until the outer edge of the workpiece 4 completely falls into the area defined by the inner edge of the working hole 114, preparing the workpiece 4 to enter the working hole 114 in the longitudinal direction (depth direction of the working hole 114).

[0022] After coupling, the torque is transmitted so that when the outer edge of the workpiece 4 falls completely into the inner edge of the working hole 114, at least part of the workpiece 4 can be locked into the working hole 114 under its own weight and / or the hand force applied by the user. That is, the rotation of the centering sleeve 11 can drive the workpiece 4 to rotate, thereby coupling and transmitting torque. The workpiece 4 works under the action of this torque (output torque, which is specifically reflected in the tightening or loosening of the nut 41 or the nut end 421 of the bolt when the centering sleeve 11 is installed with the wrench 1-1-1). The workpiece 4 rotates synchronously with the centering sleeve 11 under the constraint of the inner edge contour of the working hole 114.

[0023] Due to the presence of the centering groove 116, the following working conditions exist in some processes: part of the workpiece 4 is located in the centering groove 116 in the axial direction, and another part is located in the working hole 114. Under the condition that the positioning gap between the working hole 114 and the workpiece 4 is constant, the workpiece 4 is only partially located in the working hole in the height direction. This allows for a relatively large sway between the working hole 114 and the workpiece 4 (relative to the workpiece 4 being completely located in the working hole 114 in the height direction). This large sway reduces the workpiece 4's entry into the working hole from the centering groove 116. The requirements for hole 114 (the angle between the axis of the centering sleeve 11 and the central axis of the workpiece 4) are that the workpiece 4 can enter the working hole 114 from the centering groove 116, reducing the posture requirements of the centering sleeve 11 relative to the workpiece 4 during centering (coupling); at the same time, it also facilitates the decoupling between the centering sleeve 11 and the workpiece 4, that is, when the angle between the rotation axis 112 of the centering sleeve 11 and the central axis of the workpiece 4 is relatively large, the two can be separated, reducing the posture requirements of the centering sleeve 11 relative to the workpiece 4 during decoupling.

[0024] The free end of the power output terminal 113 extends laterally outward to form an abutment portion 115. The depth of the working hole 114 is greater than the thickness of the workpiece 4. With this configuration, after the workpiece 4 is inserted into the working hole 114 (the workpiece 4 is coupled to the centering sleeve 11 to transmit torque), the workpiece 4 inserted therein can be limited by: closing or at least closing the end of the working hole 114 away from the centering groove 116 to form a limiting portion 1141; and the depth of the abutment portion 115 from the end of the centering groove 116 to the limiting portion 1141 being greater than or equal to the thickness of the workpiece 4. The depth of the centering groove 116 is increased so that after the workpiece 4 is inserted into the working hole 114 (located between the opening 1142 and the limiting part 1141 of the working hole 114 along the depth direction of the working hole 114), the abutment part 115 can always be in close contact with the surface of a part 5 (the workpiece 4 moves relative to the part 5, and the part 5 is stationary relative to the centering sleeve 11), thereby providing a stable support for the operation of the centering sleeve 11, improving the reliability of the operation, and avoiding the need to apply a lifting force to the manual equipment when driving the centering sleeve 11 manually. The centering groove 116 has a distal end (the point at which the distance to the rotation axis is the greatest), and the distance from the distal end to the rotation axis is greater than or equal to 1.5 times the radius of the working hole. This setting allows workpieces that are far from the rotation axis to enter the centering groove 116, thereby collecting workpieces that are even farther from the rotation axis into the centering groove 116 and completing the centering. (It should be noted that there is a relative movement between the centering sleeve 11 and the workpiece 4. If the workpiece 4 is taken as a reference, the centering sleeve 11 is moving.)

[0025] The first structure of the centering groove 116 is that it has an inclined surface or a curved surface, see further. Figures 1-4 , Figures 8 to 12 , Figures 14 to 18Under the weight of the handheld device (with the sleeve attached) and / or the hand force applied by the user, the inclined or curved surface exerts an oblique reaction force on the workpiece 4. This reaction force has a lateral component that always points towards the working hole 114. At this time, the depth of the centering groove 116 gradually decreases along the direction away from the rotation axis 112. The other component of this reaction force exerts pressure on the workpiece 4 in the direction away from the power input end 111. By applying this pressure, the centering sleeve 11 can apply downward pressure to the workpiece 4. The ratio of the two components can be adjusted by setting the slope of the inclined or curved surface (the change in rotation axis 112 / the change in lateral direction) to an appropriate value. For example, to obtain a larger lateral component, the slope is <0.2.

[0026] It should also be noted that the centering groove 116 is coaxial with the working hole 114, that is, the central axis of the centering groove 116 coincides with the axis of the working hole 114, which facilitates the workpiece 4 to enter the working hole 114 from the centering groove 116 and to exit the working hole 114 to enter the centering groove 116.

[0027] The inventors discovered that the depth of the centering groove 116 gradually decreases along the direction away from the rotation axis 112, that is, in the lateral direction, the depth of the centering groove 116 gradually decreases from the rotation axis 112 outwards, that is, it has a maximum depth at a position immediately adjacent to the rotation axis 112 (the position coinciding with the working hole 114). (Continue to the previous section...) Figure 11 and Figure 17 If the maximum depth is too small, the lateral force received by the workpiece 4 will be too small (given a fixed lateral dimension of the centering groove 116), which is not conducive to centering (the workpiece 4 enters the working hole 114 from the centering groove 116). If the maximum depth is too large, the lateral force received by the workpiece 4 will be too large (given a fixed lateral dimension of the centering groove 116). This excessive force will cause excessive impact on the edge of the workpiece 4 (the edge in contact with the inclined or curved surface). This excessive impact is not conducive to the smooth entry of the workpiece 4 from the centering groove 116 into the working hole 114 (it may cause the workpiece 4 to collide with the centering groove on one side). If the groove 116 contacts the workpiece 4, and then the lateral separation is too large, the lateral relative velocity will be too large. The workpiece 4 will not have enough time to enter the working hole 114 and will cross the working hole 114. The workpiece 4 will then contact the centering groove 116 on the other side, resulting in centering failure. If the maximum depth is too large, the joint thickness between the workpiece 4 and the working hole 114 will be too small, which will place too high a demand on the strength of the workpiece 4 or the working hole 114. If the strength requirement is not met, it will inevitably be damaged. Based on this consideration, the inventor made the setting that 1 / 20 of the thickness of the workpiece 4 ≤ the maximum depth of the centering groove 116 ≤ 1 / 2 of the thickness of the workpiece 4.

[0028] It should also be noted that the centering groove 116 is a rotating structure with the rotation axis 112 as its axis, so that the force applied to the workpiece 4 at any position equidistant from the rotation axis 112 is consistent, maintaining the reliability of the operation. The longitudinal cross-sectional shape of the centering groove 116 can be trapezoidal (as shown in the figure, the shape of the centering groove 116 is a part of a cone), parabolic, or other shapes, as long as it satisfies the aforementioned depth variation (gradually decreasing along the direction away from the rotation axis 112).

[0029] When the centering groove 116 is a conical surface, such as Figure 11 As shown, the included angle between the generatrices on the two opposite sides forming the centering groove 116 is α, where α ≥ 120°. This angle range is meaningful when the workpiece 4 is the nut end of a nut 41 or a screw 42. Commonly, the nut end of a nut 41 or screw 42 has a 30° chamfer at its edge, and the included angle between the two chamfered edges of its longitudinal section (the longitudinal section through the axis) is 120°. Therefore, α ≥ 120°, which ensures that the generatrices are in close contact with the chamfered edges (when α = 120°, the conical surface of the centering groove 116 and the chamfered surface are in surface contact, increasing the contact area and reducing wear on the workpiece 4 during the centering process). Alternatively, the generatrices may contact the edge line of the nut 41 or the edge line of the nut end of the screw 42, thereby ensuring that the centering groove 116 has a wide range of applications (it can center nuts 41 or bolt nut ends 421 with chamfers less than 30°).

[0030] Another possible structure for the centering groove 116 is that the centering groove 116 has a guide surface 1162, such as... Figures 5 to 7 As shown, the guide surface 1162 is parallel to the rotation axis 112 and gradually extends from the far end (towards the rotation axis 112) to the side of the working hole 114 away from the far end. At this time, as the centering sleeve 11 rotates, the guide surface 1162 always adheres to the side of the workpiece 4 from the side. The guide surface 1162 applies a lateral force (i.e., the aforementioned centripetal force) to the workpiece 4 that is always oriented towards the axis of the working hole 114. As the centering sleeve 11 continues to rotate, the portion of the guide surface 1162 adhering to the workpiece 4 gradually extends from the far end... The workpiece 4 gradually transitions to the side of the working hole 114 away from the far end. When the transition reaches this position (considering factors such as manufacturing and assembly errors and the convenience of centering, more accurately, the position near this point), the workpiece 4 can be directly aligned with the working hole 114 in the lateral direction. At this time, driven by the weight of the handheld device (with the sleeve attached) and / or the hand force applied by the user, the workpiece 4 slides into the working hole 114, thus completing a fast and accurate centering, so that the workpiece 4 and the centering sleeve 11 can be quickly coupled and torque can be transmitted.

[0031] Another structure of the centering groove 116 can be a combination of the aforementioned inclined surface (or curved surface) and a guide surface 1162 parallel to the rotation axis 112. In this case, a greater centripetal force can be generated, or the curvature of the guide surface 1162 and / or the inclination of the inclined surface can be reduced to achieve the same centripetal force. Under the action of at least one of the following: the weight of the handheld device (with the sleeve attached), the hand force applied by the user, and the driving rotational force, the inclined surface or curved surface applies an oblique reaction force to the workpiece 4. This reaction force has a component pointing towards the working hole 114. In this case, the centering groove 116 includes a bottom surface 1161 and a guide surface 1162. The bottom surface 1161 is a flat surface perpendicular to the rotation axis 112, or the depth of the bottom surface 1161 gradually decreases in the direction away from the rotation axis 112.

[0032] The centripetal force can be only a lateral component without applying an oblique force to the workpiece 4, so that the workpiece 4 is driven to center and the force on the workpiece 4 is minimized. This avoids excessive force that could cause the workpiece 4 to be worn or even destroyed (especially in the early stage of coupling or the late stage of decoupling, when the joint length between the workpiece 4 and the working hole 114 is small, the force is greatly increased, and the stress increases sharply). At this time, the bottom surface 1161 is a flat surface perpendicular to the rotation axis 112. The guide surface 1162 extends from the far end to the side of the working hole 114 away from the far end, which is basically parallel to the rotation axis 112. That is, the guide surface 1162 extends from the far end in a spiral direction in the lateral direction. Only a lateral centripetal force is applied to the workpiece 4 through the side of the guide surface 1162, so as to guide the centering process of the workpiece 4 with the minimum driving force.

[0033] It should also be noted that one structure of the centering groove 116 is a circular groove (the projection in the cross section perpendicular to the rotation axis 112 is the prototype), the guide surface 1162 has a tangent end 1163 that is tangent to the working hole 114, and the distance to the rotation axis R gradually increases in the direction away from the tangent end 1163.

[0034] The inventors also discovered that, under the premise that only the guide surface 1162 provides the lateral centripetal force, the centering groove 116 is bound to be offset (the central axis X of the centering groove 116 is kept at a certain distance from the rotation axis 112). At this time, the side with the centering groove 116 has a relatively smaller mass and moment of inertia than the side without the centering groove 116. Therefore, when the centering sleeve 11 rotates, the presence of the centering groove 116 causes the centering sleeve 11 to have an uneven distribution of moment of inertia and unstable rotation. Based on this consideration, the inventors designed a dynamic balance adjustment structure 117 at the abutment part 115 to balance the uneven distribution of moment of inertia caused by the reduction in weight corresponding to the centering groove 116, thereby enabling the centering sleeve 11 to rotate smoothly.

[0035] One arrangement of the dynamic balancing adjustment structure 117 is as follows: there are multiple structures, and their numbers gradually increase in the direction away from the centering groove 116. That is, the smaller the distance to the centering groove 116 (the central axis), the sparser the distribution; the larger the distance to the centering groove 116, the denser the distribution. This is to balance the uneven distribution of the rotational inertia. The dynamic balancing adjustment structure 117 is a weight-reducing structure, such as... Figures 5 to 7 The weight reduction hole is shown.

[0036] When using the aforementioned centering groove 116 of uniform depth, if the depth of the centering groove 116 is too large or too small, the undesirable result of varying depth will occur. Therefore, to avoid this, the inventors designed the depth of the centering groove 116 to be 1 / 20 of the workpiece 4 thickness ≤ 1 / 2 of the workpiece 4 thickness. As a more specific solution, the depth of the centering groove 116 is 1 / 5 of the workpiece 4 thickness.

[0037] The end of the abutment portion 115 extends laterally outward to form an abutment plane 1151, which is perpendicular to the rotation axis 112. As described above, by setting the end of the working hole 114 away from the centering groove 116 to be closed or at least closed to form a limiting portion 1141, the workpiece 4 inserted therein can be limited; the depth of the abutment portion 115 from the end of the centering groove 116 to the limiting portion 1141 is greater than or equal to the thickness of the workpiece 4 plus the depth of the centering groove 116, so that after the workpiece 4 is inserted into the working hole 114 (located between the opening 1142 of the working hole 114 and the limiting portion 1141 along the depth direction of the working hole 114), the abutment portion 115 can always be in close contact with the surface of a part 5 (the workpiece 4 moves relative to the part 5, and the part 5 is stationary relative to the centering sleeve 11), thereby providing a stable support for the operation of the centering sleeve 11. Based on the abutment plane 1151, a stable support surface is formed, which is conducive to stable operation.

[0038] After the workpiece 4 is inserted into the working hole 114, it remains in close contact with the surface 51 of the locked part of the workpiece 4 under its own weight and / or the force applied by the user, against the plane 1151.

[0039] The variable depth centering groove 116 is coaxial with the working hole 114, while the constant depth centering groove 116 is eccentric (not coaxial with the working hole 114). Therefore, under the same conditions, the structure of the variable depth centering groove 116 makes the lateral dimension of the abutment portion 115 smaller than that of the constant depth centering groove 116. When the abutment portion 115 is disc-shaped, its diameter is even smaller.

[0040] It should also be noted that a sliding portion 118 is provided at the junction of the centering groove 116 and the working hole 114 to facilitate the switching of the workpiece 4 between the centering groove 116 and the working hole 114. Through this sliding portion 118, during centering, once the edges of the workpiece 4 are within the range defined by the sliding portion 118, it can quickly slide into the working hole 114; similarly, it also facilitates the decoupling between the centering sleeve 11 and the workpiece 4. As shown in the figure, the sliding portion 118 is chamfered. Of course, in order to ensure the engagement length between the workpiece 4 and the working hole 114, the sliding part may not be provided, especially the variable depth centering groove 116. The variable depth centering groove 116 has a better centering effect than the constant depth centering groove 116 (for the variable depth centering groove 116, as long as the workpiece 4 is located in the centering groove 116, it will receive pressure from the inclined surface or curved surface, that is, it will generate a centripetal force that pushes the workpiece towards the working hole 114; for the constant depth centering groove 116, the workpiece 4 may separate from the guide surface 1162 during the movement, and the workpiece 4 will contact another position of the guide surface 1162 as the two continue to move relative to each other. During the time interval between the separation and contact, the workpiece 4 will not be subjected to the centripetal force that pushes it towards the working hole 114), so the sliding part may not be involved.

[0041] The torque output assembly 1 may further include a first thrust member 12, which is located within the working hole 114 and is used to push the workpiece 4, which is inserted into the working hole 114, toward the power output end 113. The first thrust member 12 is an elastic element (shown in the figure as a cylindrical helical spring, but it can also be any one of a pagoda spring, wave spring, disc spring, elastic pad, or gas spring). The first elastic end of the first thrust member 12 is fixed to the end of the working hole 114 facing the power input end 111, and the second elastic end of the first thrust member 12 is movable along the depth direction of the working hole 114. Under the action of the first thrust member 12, the workpiece 4 within the working hole 114 is always subjected to the thrust of the first thrust member 12, thereby maintaining an elastic contact. In addition, when two or more torque output components 1 are used together to output torque to two workpieces 4, the first thrust member 12 inside the centering sleeve 11 is compressed to different degrees, which can be suitable for scenarios where the workpieces 4 are of different heights. The higher workpiece 4 enters the working hole 114 to a greater depth, and the corresponding first thrust member 12 is compressed more, while the lower workpiece 4 enters the working hole 114 to a less depth, and the corresponding first thrust member 12 is compressed less.

[0042] When the workpiece 4 is rotated, there is a longitudinal displacement relative to the centering sleeve 11 (e.g., if the workpiece 4 is a nut 41 or the nut end 421 of a bolt, as the workpiece 4 is locked, the root of its working hole 114 moves toward the opening 1142). At this time, the thrusting action of the first thrust member 12 on the workpiece 4 becomes particularly important. This thrusting action helps to force the centering sleeve 11 and the workpiece 4 to separate from each other, avoid or at least reduce the frictional resistance caused by the relative longitudinal displacement between the two, protect the inner surface of the workpiece 4 and the working hole 114, and improve the service life.

[0043] Furthermore, in the free state, the distance from the second elastic end of the first thrust member 12 to the end face of the power output end 113 is less than the thickness of the workpiece 4. That is, at the decoupled end, the first thrust member 12 can still apply a thrust to the workpiece 4 to facilitate the workpiece 4's removal from the working hole 114. Of course, the distance from the second elastic end of the first thrust member 12 to the end face of the power output end 113 should not be too small, as this would hinder the coupling of the workpiece 4.

[0044] The second aspect of this invention discloses a wrench 1-1-1, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 20 This wrench is suitable for tightening or loosening the nut end 421 of a nut 41 or bolt. It includes a power mechanism 1-22 and any of the aforementioned torque output components 1. The power mechanism 1-22 drives a centering sleeve 11 to rotate around a rotation axis 112, and the working hole 114 engages with the nut end of the nut 41 or bolt 42. Since the structure, working principle, working process, and beneficial effects of the torque output component 1 have been fully and thoroughly explained, any wrench 1-1-1 using any of the aforementioned torque output components 1 also has the same working principle, working process, and beneficial effects, and will not be repeated here. The wrench 1-1-1 using this torque output component 1 can be of any type, thus possessing the aforementioned "centering" and other effects.

[0045] The inventors also discovered that to ensure a larger sway range and to cover more workpieces laterally (to guide workpieces 4 that are laterally deviated from the rotation axis R to the working hole 114 during centering), the sway clearance 17 needs to be increased. However, an excessively large sway clearance 17 would cause frequent and high-impact interactions between the power output shaft 13 and the power input end 111. These impacts could potentially damage the impacting part, causing plastic deformation and connection failure. Based on this, the inventors sought a solution to satisfy a larger sway range without increasing the sway clearance 17. One solution is to flexibly connect the power mechanism 1-2 to the support 2, allowing the power mechanism 1-2 to sway laterally relative to the support 2. A specific example of this flexible connection is that the support 2 is connected to an elastic element 21 via a connecting bolt 22, and the elastic element 21 is connected to the housing 1-2-1 of the power mechanism (which can be another connecting bolt). The elastic element 21 can be a spring, an elastic pad, etc. As shown in the figure, the elastic element 21 is an elastic pad, and there are four elastic elements 21 evenly arranged around the rotation axis R. Of course, there can also be three or more elastic elements. There can also be one elastic element 21, which is coaxial with the power output shaft 13 in the free state. However, compared with multiple elastic elements, it should have a larger lateral dimension to obtain substantially equal lateral stiffness (the degree of lateral sway allowed).

[0046] In addition, the wrench 1-1-1 can also be used as an impact wrench 1-1-1, with the power mechanism 1-22 driving the centering socket 11 to rotate intermittently around the rotation axis 112. This makes it suitable for scenarios involving intermittent torque transmission.

[0047] The inventors discovered that under certain working conditions, it is necessary to simultaneously output torque to at least two workpieces 4 with fixed relative positions. For example, in the railway transportation industry, the spacing of fastener bolts on sleepers is constant (even when turning, the spacing of fastener bolts on the same sleeper remains constant, regardless of the angle). Therefore, for fastener bolts with constant spacing, multiple simultaneous operations can be performed to improve work efficiency. Based on this consideration, the third aspect of the present invention discloses a torque output mechanism 1-1, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 25 and Figure 26 It includes: Any of the aforementioned torque output components 1, wherein there are at least two torque output components 1, and they are mounted on the same bracket 2; The power output shaft 13 and the power input end 111 are movably mounted on the power output shaft 13 along the rotation axis 112 or in a direction parallel to the rotation axis 112; The second thrust member 14 is located between the power output shaft 13 and the centering sleeve 11, and is used to generate a thrust that separates the power output shaft 13 from the centering sleeve 11.

[0048] Since the structure, working principle, working process, and beneficial effects of the torque output component 1 have been fully and thoroughly explained, any wrench 1-1-1 using any of the aforementioned torque output components 1 will have the same working principle, working process, and beneficial effects, and will not be repeated here. The wrench 1-1-1 using this torque output component 1 can be of any type, thus possessing the aforementioned "centering" and other effects. Simultaneously, the power output shaft 13 can move longitudinally (in a direction parallel to or coinciding with the rotation axis 112) relative to the centering sleeve 11, making it suitable for situations where multiple workpieces 4 are uneven in height. The higher workpiece 4 compresses the second thrust member 14 more, while the lower workpiece 4 compresses the second thrust member 14 less, thereby enabling simultaneous torque output to multiple workpieces 4.

[0049] More advantageously, the torque output assembly 1 can be made by combining the first thrust member 12 with the second thrust member 14, thereby making it applicable to multiple workpieces 4 with a greater height difference.

[0050] By setting at least two torque output components 1, each torque output component 1 can output torque to a workpiece 4, thus enabling multi-station implementation.

[0051] It should also be noted that at least two torque output components 1 are evenly arranged around a central axis. This central axis can coincide with the rotation axis 112, thereby forming a configuration in which at least two torque output components 1 are evenly distributed around the rotation axis 112, resulting in a reasonable center of gravity arrangement that is conducive to operation.

[0052] The inventors also discovered that the rail is fixed by fasteners on both sides, and the fasteners are fixed to the sleepers by fastener bolts. To improve the assembly efficiency of the fastener bolts, the applicant filed a patent application with authorization publication number CN217861019U. The existing technical problems include: the fixed distance between the two sleeves of the double-ended bolt wrench is only applicable when the distance between the fastener bolts is essentially uniform. However, due to assembly and other reasons, the actual distance deviation between the two fastener bolts on the left and right sides of the rail is relatively large. In this case, the two fastener bolts cannot be simultaneously installed into the sleeves of the utility model, making the operation difficult or even impossible. This invention provides the concept, and the fourth aspect of the present invention discloses a wrench 1-1-1, see [link to invention]. Figure 20 and Figure 24 It includes a power mechanism 1-22 and any of the aforementioned torque output mechanisms 1-1. The power mechanism 1-22 drives the power output shaft 13 to rotate around the rotation axis 112. The working hole 114 engages with the nut end of the nut 41 or the screw 42. This wrench 1-1-1 possesses the characteristics of any of the aforementioned torque output mechanisms 1-1, and will not be described again.

[0053] The torque output mechanism 1-1 also includes a power output shaft 13, with the power input end movably mounted on the power output shaft 13 along the rotation axis 112 or in a direction parallel to the rotation axis 112. The power mechanism 1-2 drives the power output shaft 13 to rotate around the rotation axis 112. The power mechanism 1-2 is flexibly connected to the bracket 2 to allow the power mechanism 1-2 to laterally tilt relative to the bracket 2. This flexible structure allows the power mechanism 1-2, along with the power output shaft 13 and the centering sleeve 11 following the transmission path, to tilt relative to the bracket 2. This flexible connection structure allows the distance between at least two sleeves 11 to adjust with the fastening bolts (including...). Figure 26 The positions of the screw 42 and the nut 41 that mates with the screw 42 change accordingly. When the positional deviation between the fastener bolts (due to various errors such as installation) is relatively large, the centering groove 116 of the centering sleeve 11 can guide at least two screws 42 and nuts 41 that mate with the screw 42 with large positional deviations into the working hole 114. Then, the power mechanism 1-2 is started to drive the power output shaft 13 and the centering sleeve 11 to rotate in sequence, thereby realizing the pre-tightening or loosening of multiple fastener bolts with distance deviations at the same time, improving the work efficiency.

[0054] The inventors also discovered that, in order to ensure a larger yaw rate to cover more workpieces laterally (to guide workpieces 4 that are laterally deviated from the rotation axis R to the working hole 114 during centering, and to accommodate situations where the axes of at least two workpieces 4 are not parallel during torque transmission), the yaw clearance 17 needs to be increased. However, an excessively large yaw clearance 17 would cause frequent and high-impact interactions between the power output shaft 13 and the power input end 111. These impacts could potentially damage the impact section, causing plastic deformation and connection failure. Based on this, the inventors sought a solution to achieve a larger yaw rate without increasing the yaw clearance 17, such as... Figure 20 , Figure 21 and Figure 22 As shown, the power mechanism 1-2 is flexibly connected to the bracket 2 to allow the power mechanism 1-2 to laterally tilt relative to the bracket 2. One specific method of the flexible connection is that the bracket 2 is connected to the elastic element 21 via connecting bolts 22, and the elastic element 21 is in turn connected to the housing 1-2-1 of the power mechanism (which may be connected by another bolt). The elastic element 21 can be a spring, an elastic pad, etc. The figure shows the case where the elastic element 21 is an elastic pad, and there are four elastic elements 21 evenly arranged circumferentially around the rotation axis R. Of course, there can also be three or more elastic elements. The elastic element 21 can also be a single element, coaxial with the power output shaft 13 in the free state, but it should have a larger lateral dimension than multiple elements to obtain substantially equal lateral stiffness (the degree of lateral tilt).

[0055] The power mechanism 1-2 can be a motor powered by a rechargeable battery 1-2-2. The motor drives the power output shaft through a reducer (such as a planetary gear reducer). This is a standard setting, so it will not be described in detail.

[0056] The wrench 1-1-1 employing the torque output mechanism 1-1 is an impact wrench 1-1-1, and the power mechanism 1-22 drives the power output shaft 13 to rotate intermittently around the rotation axis 112. A structure of the wrench 1-1-1 using this torque output component 1 can be found in the applicant's previously filed and authorized utility model patent (authorization announcement number CN217861019U), which is also an impact wrench 1-1-1.

[0057] It should also be noted that the first thrust member 12 needs to occupy a certain volume of working hole 114 in the depth direction. Therefore, the depth of working hole 114 should be sufficient, and its minimum depth should satisfy ≥ the length of the first thrust member 12 in the free state + 19 / 20 of the thickness of workpiece 4.

[0058] It should be further noted that a certain distance is maintained between the first thrust member 12 and the inner wall of the working hole 114, so that the first thrust member 12 can move or freely extend and retract relative to the inner wall of the working hole 114. Simultaneously, when the first thrust member 12 is a cylindrical helical spring, the longitudinal cavity 121 inside the cylindrical helical spring is significant for the following working condition: when tightening the nut 41, the screw 42 cooperating with the nut 41 can enter the longitudinal cavity 121. That is, the diameter of the longitudinal cavity 121 should be larger than the outer diameter of the screw 42 cooperating with the nut 41, and the outer diameter of the cylindrical helical spring should be smaller than the outer diameter of the nut 41.

[0059] It should also be noted that the second thrust component 14 is any one of a pagoda spring, wave spring, cylindrical helical spring, disc spring, elastic pad, or gas spring. The second thrust component 14 is a pagoda spring, with the small end of the pagoda spring abutting against the power output shaft 13. A space is formed between the small end of the pagoda spring and the centering sleeve 11, allowing other moving parts to enter. The large end of the pagoda spring abuts against the centering sleeve 11.

[0060] The inventors have provided a guide structure for the power output shaft 13 and / or the power input end 111 to guide the longitudinal (in a direction that coincides with or is parallel to the rotation axis 112) movement between the centering sleeve 11 and the power input end 111.

[0061] The guide structure has a yaw gap 17 to allow the centering sleeve 11 to yaw laterally (perpendicular to the cross-section of the power transmission path between the power output shaft 13 and the centering sleeve 11) relative to the power output shaft 13. For example, a universal joint with lateral limit can be provided between the power output shaft 13 and the centering sleeve 11. Due to the existence of this yaw gap 17, the centering sleeve 11 is allowed to swing laterally relative to the power output shaft 13 to a certain extent. This allowed swing facilitates the centering action of the workpiece 4 (the workpiece 4 enters the working hole 114 from the centering groove 116). Specifically, the centering sleeve 11 can swing laterally (relative to the power output shaft 13) outward at a certain angle. In addition, the distance of the deviation of the far end of the centering groove 116 relative to the rotation axis 112 makes the rotation of the centering sleeve 11 (rotation about the rotation axis 112) more efficient. It also has the ability to revolve (around the axis of the power output shaft 13). The centering groove 116 can cover a larger radius as the centering sleeve 11 rotates, thereby covering the workpiece 4 that is farther away from the axis of the power output shaft 13 within the centering groove 116, thus increasing the range of workpiece 4 "collected" by the centering groove 116. From another perspective, the lateral extension of the centering groove 116 can also be reduced accordingly (the aforementioned yaw allows for an appropriate reduction in the distance or angle between the axis of rotation 112 and the axis of the power output shaft 13), which also reduces the lateral extension length of the abutment portion 115. In particular, the lateral extension of the abutment portion 115 with equal depth is larger than that of the abutment portion 115 of the centering groove 116 with variable depth. The abutment portion 115 has a smaller lateral extension and smaller volume, reducing the volume and weight, and also reducing the aforementioned uneven distribution of rotational inertia.

[0062] As described above, the yaw trajectory of the centering sleeve 11 relative to the power output shaft 13 can be a conical surface (the surface shape formed after the rotation axis 112 yaws around the yaw trajectory). Of course, the centering sleeve 11 can yaw within a yaw cross section relative to the power output shaft 13, with the rotation axis 112 located within the yaw cross section. Structurally, as shown in the figure, the power output shaft 13 and the power input end 111 are connected by a positioning member 15, which is fixed within a limiting hole 1112 formed in the power input end 111. It should be noted that the positioning member 15 only has a limiting function and does not transmit torque. This is achieved through the size of the yaw gap 17. That is, after yaw, when the centering sleeve 11 and the power output shaft 13 are circumferentially limited (meeting the condition for torque transmission), a certain gap remains between the positioning member 15 and the power output shaft 13, and between the positioning member 15 and the power input end 111.

[0063] One way in which the centering sleeve 11 is movable longitudinally relative to the power output shaft 13 is as follows: the end of the power output shaft 13 near the centering sleeve 11 forms a stroke adjustment end 131, and the stroke adjustment end 131 constructs a stroke adjustment groove 132 extending along its own axial direction; the positioning member 15 is slidably installed in the stroke adjustment groove 132. In the initial state, as shown in the figure, the second thrust member 14 applies a thrust, and the positioning member 15 drives the centering sleeve 11 to move to the lower dead center (the positioning member 15 abuts against the end of the stroke adjustment groove 132 facing the power output end 113); during operation, as the centering sleeve 11 is subjected to pressure from the workpiece 4 or part 5, it moves upward, thereby compressing the second thrust member 14. When the operation ends, the pressure is released, and under the action of the second thrust member 14, it returns to the initial state.

[0064] When the stroke adjustment end 131 is working, it needs to withstand torque. Therefore, in order to ensure its strength, there are at least two stroke adjustment grooves 132, which are not transversely connected. The first end 151 of the positioning member is in a clearance fit with the stroke adjustment groove 132 in the transverse direction, and the second end 152 of the positioning member is fixed in the limiting hole 1112. The first end 151 of the positioning member can be spherical. The contact between the first end 151 of the positioning member and the forming adjustment groove only serves as a longitudinal limit and is not subject to torque. The torque is transmitted by the combination between the power output shaft 13 and the power input end 111. As shown in the figure, the stroke adjustment end 131 forms a square cross-section, and the power input end 111 forms a square hole 1111 that fits with the clearance of the square cross-section (the clearance corresponds to the aforementioned wobble clearance 17). The torque is transmitted through the combination of the square cross-section and the square hole 1111. At this time, there are at least two positioning members 15. When installing, they need to be inserted from the outer end of the limiting hole 1112. One structure of the positioning member 15 is a set screw.

[0065] Another structure of the stroke adjustment groove 132 is that there are two stroke adjustment grooves 132 that are horizontally connected to form a stroke adjustment hole 133. The positioning member 15 is in a clearance fit with the stroke adjustment hole 133 in the horizontal direction. In this case, the positioning member 15 is one, and only one installation is required, which simplifies the assembly process.

[0066] The wrench 1-1-1 may also include a limiting member 16 (such as an O-ring) that allows for elastic deformation in the lateral direction. The limiting member 16 is fixed to the power input end 111. As shown in the figure, a lateral (annular) extending limiting groove 119 is provided on the outer periphery of the power input end 111. The limiting member 16 is fitted into the limiting groove 119. The limiting hole 1112 and the limiting groove 119 are at least partially connected. The figure shows the two at the same height. Of course, there may be a small deviation in their heights, as long as the limiting hole 1112 and the limiting groove 119 are at least partially connected. Furthermore, the limiting hole 1112 is at least partially blocked from the outside, thereby constraining the positioning member 15 within the limiting groove. Within the positioning hole 1112, the positioning member 15 is prevented from dislodging from the limiting hole 1112. This is especially meaningful when the adjusting hole is laterally through-hole. In this case, the limiting member 16 can be a single optical axis that passes through the limiting hole 1112. This optical axis is directly clearance-fitted into the adjusting hole. When the limiting member 16 is subjected to axial force (due to manufacturing or assembly errors when transmitting torque), it can move freely along the axial direction until it is constrained by the limiting member 16, which allows for elastic deformation laterally. Under this constraint, when the axial force decreases or disappears, the limiting member 16 resets the positioning member 15, thereby preventing damage or deformation from the axial force.

[0067] The inventors also discovered that centering the workpiece 4 (sliding from the centering groove 116 into the working hole 114) requires a certain amount of time. If the rotational speed of the centering sleeve 11 during the centering stage is the same as that during the torque transmission stage, the excessively fast rotational speed during the centering stage causes the workpiece 4 to not have enough time to be centered, and the centering groove 116 becomes misaligned with the workpiece 4 (especially the structure where the centering groove 116 is offset relative to the rotation axis 112), resulting in centering failure. At the same time, this excessively fast rotational speed will cause severe impact on the workpiece 4, the centering groove 116, and the working hole 114, which may damage the contact points and lead to damage to part 5. Based on the above considerations, a rotational speed V is adopted during the centering stage. 定心 Drive centering sleeve 11, during torque transmission stage, transfer V 作业 Drive centering sleeve 11, V 定心 <V 作业 This is to avoid the above problems, thereby ensuring effective centering and preventing damage to each component, thus guaranteeing service life.

[0068] Additionally, it should be noted that, as Figure 23 and Figure 24 As shown, when workpiece 4 is a connecting part for fixing rail 9, it includes screw 42 and nut 41 that is threadedly engaged with screw 42. In this case, part 5 is a fastener (applied to rail).

[0069] The fifth aspect of this invention discloses a control method for any of the above-described wrenches 1-1-1, comprising the steps of: From the moment the workpiece 4 abuts against the centering groove 116 or the nut 41 is engaged in the working hole 114 until the workpiece 4 is fully inserted into the working hole 114 (i.e., during the aforementioned centering stage), the centering sleeve 11 first moves at a speed V 定心 Rotate; During the torque transmission phase, with speed V 作业 Rotation, V 定心 <V 作业 This control method can be implemented using a computer program, such as the computer program that can be run by the processor 3 mentioned above or another processor 3.

[0070] One logic for determining the centering stage and torque transmission stage is based on the detected position of workpiece 4 relative to centering sleeve 11 (detected using various position detection sensors 61, such as contact switches, displacement sensors, etc.) to distinguish between the centering stage and torque transmission stage. See [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 27 , specifically: If workpiece 4 abuts against centering groove 116, but workpiece 4 has not yet entered working hole 114, workpiece 4 is still in the centering stage, and centering sleeve 11 is driven at a low speed V. 定心 Rotation; if workpiece 4 gets stuck in working hole 114, workpiece 4 has entered working hole 114, workpiece 4 is in the torque transmission stage, driving centering sleeve 11 at a high speed V 作业 Rotate.

[0071] Another logic for determining the centering stage and torque transmission stage is (through timer 62) delay control, that is, the centering sleeve 11 moves at a speed V. 定心 Rotation time T 定心 (e.g., 1 second later) See Figure 28 With speed V 作业 Rotate.

[0072] Another logic for determining the centering phase and torque transmission phase is as follows: See Figure 29 Based on the rotation number control of the centering sleeve 11, the centering sleeve 11 first moves at a speed V 定心 Rotate N×180° (where N is the number of circumferential centering grooves 116, as shown in the figure, where there is only one circumferentially varying depth centering groove 116; the number of rotations can be determined by a rotation angle detection sensor 63, such as a rotary encoder, capable of detecting the rotation angle), and then move at a speed V. 作业 Rotation, where N is a positive integer.

[0073] The inventors discovered that if the aforementioned wrench 1-1-1 relies entirely on the user's hand operation, it increases user fatigue and demands excessive skill from the user. Therefore, the fifth aspect of this invention discloses a wrench assembly 1-1-1-1, as follows: Figure 23 and Figure 24 As shown, it includes: Any of the above-mentioned wrenches 1-1-1; The railcar 7 includes a frame 71 and wheels 72 rotatably mounted on the frame 71. The wheels 72 roll along the rails, causing the frame 71 to move along the rails. The connecting component and bracket 2 can be installed on the railcar 7 in a vertical and / or horizontal working posture, thereby keeping the wrench 1-1-1 in a vertical (centering sleeve 11 is vertical and the centering groove 116 is at the lowest point) state and a horizontal (centering sleeve 11 is horizontal) state respectively. The vertical working posture can be used to work on the fastener bolts, and the horizontal working posture can be used to work on the bolts / nuts 41 at the connection of the two rail joints.

[0074] To maintain the wrench 1-1-1 in a vertical operating position, one structure of the connecting assembly includes a insertion post 81 and a rotating cylinder 82. The insertion post 81 is fixed to the bracket 2 or the frame 71, and correspondingly, the rotating cylinder 82 is fixed to the frame 71 or the bracket 2. The insertion post 81 is rotatably mounted inside the rotating cylinder 82 along a vertical axis. By inserting the insertion post 81 into the rotating cylinder 82, the insertion post 81 can rotate freely around the vertical axis, thereby adjusting the position of the wrench 1-1-1 in the horizontal plane. Of course, the figure also shows that the insertion post 81 is vertically mounted on the frame 71 via a linkage mechanism 73 for adjusting the height of the wrench 1-1-1, which will not be described again.

[0075] In order to keep the wrench 1-1-1 in a vertical working state, one structure of the connecting assembly is that the insert 81 can be suspended below the frame 71 by a flexible element (such as a rope).

[0076] The processor may include one or more processing cores. It connects to various parts of the server via various interfaces and lines, executing instructions, programs, code sets, or instruction sets stored in memory, and accessing data stored in memory to perform various server functions and process data. Optionally, the processor may be implemented using at least one of the following hardware forms: Digital Signal Processing (DSP), Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), and Programmable Logic Array (PLA). The processor may integrate one or more of the following: Central Processing Unit (CPU), Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), and modem. The CPU primarily handles the operating system, user interface graphics, and applications; the GPU is responsible for rendering and drawing the content displayed on the screen; and the modem handles wireless communication. It is understood that the modem may also be implemented as a separate chip without being integrated into the processor.

Claims

1. A torque output component, characterized in that, Includes a centering sleeve, said centering sleeve having: The power input end can be driven to rotate about the rotation axis; Power output end, of which: The power output end has a working hole that matches the outer contour of the workpiece. The axis of the working hole is substantially coincident with the axis of rotation, and the depth of the working hole is greater than the thickness of the workpiece. The free end of the power output terminal extends laterally outward to form an abutment portion; The end face of the abutting portion opposite to the power input end is recessed inward to form a centering groove; The depth of the centering groove is less than the thickness of the workpiece. The centering groove is in communication with the working hole. When the centering sleeve rotates, the centering groove applies a centripetal force to the workpiece to guide the workpiece into the working hole. The centering groove has a distal end, and the distance from the distal end to the rotation axis is ≥ 1.5 times the radius of the working hole; The abutting part has a dynamic balance adjustment structure to balance the uneven distribution of rotational inertia caused by the reduction in weight corresponding to the centering groove.

2. The torque output component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The depth of the centering groove gradually decreases along the direction away from the rotation axis.

3. The torque output component according to claim 2, characterized in that, The centering groove is coaxial with the working hole.

4. The torque output component according to claim 2, characterized in that, 1 / 20 of the workpiece thickness ≤ the maximum depth of the centering groove ≤ 1 / 2 of the workpiece thickness.

5. The torque output component according to claim 2, characterized in that, The centering groove has a rotating structure with the rotation axis as its axis.

6. The torque output component according to claim 5, characterized in that, The centering groove is part of a conical surface.

7. The torque output component according to claim 6, characterized in that, The centering groove is conical in shape, and the included angle between the generatrices on the two opposite sides forming the centering groove is α, where α ≥ 120°.

8. The torque output component according to claim 1, characterized in that, The centering groove includes: The bottom surface is a flat surface perpendicular to the axis of rotation, or the depth of the bottom surface gradually decreases along the direction away from the axis of rotation; The guide surface extends substantially parallel to the axis of rotation and gradually extends from the distal end to the side of the working hole opposite to the distal end.

9. The torque output component according to claim 8, characterized in that, The centering groove is a circular groove, and the guide surface has a tangent end that is tangent to the working hole.

10. The torque output component according to claim 9, characterized in that, The dynamic balancing adjustment structure comprises multiple structures, and its distribution density gradually increases along the direction away from the centering groove.

11. The torque output component according to claim 10, characterized in that, The dynamic balance adjustment structure is a weight reduction structure.

12. The torque output component according to claim 8, characterized in that, The depth of the centering groove is less than or equal to 1 / 20 of the workpiece thickness.

13. The torque output component according to claim 12, characterized in that, The depth of the centering groove is 1 / 5 of the workpiece thickness.

14. The torque output assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that, The end of the abutting portion extends laterally outward to form an abutting plane, which is perpendicular to the rotation axis.

15. The torque output component according to claim 14, characterized in that, After the workpiece is inserted into the working hole, the abutment plane remains in close contact with the surface of the part that the workpiece is locked under its own weight and / or the force applied by the user.

16. The torque output assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that, The abutment part is disc-shaped.

17. The torque output assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that, A sliding part is provided at the junction of the centering groove and the working hole to facilitate the switching of the workpiece position between the centering groove and the working hole.

18. The torque output assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that, It also includes the first thrust component, wherein: The first thrust member is located inside the working hole and is used to push the workpiece stuck in the working hole toward the power output end.

19. The torque output component according to claim 18, characterized in that, The first thrust member is an elastic member. The first elastic end of the first thrust member is fixed to the end of the working hole facing the power input end, and the second elastic end of the first thrust member is movable along the depth direction of the working hole.

20. The torque output component according to claim 19, characterized in that, In the free state, the distance from the second elastic end of the first thrust member to the end face of the power output end is less than the thickness of the workpiece.

21. A wrench, characterized in that, It includes a bracket, a power mechanism, and a torque output assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein: The power mechanism drives the centering sleeve to rotate around the rotation axis. The power mechanism is flexibly connected to the bracket to allow the power mechanism to laterally tilt relative to the bracket. The working hole mates with the nut end of the nut or screw.

22. The wrench according to claim 21, characterized in that, The wrench is an impact wrench, and the power mechanism drives the centering sleeve to rotate intermittently around the rotation axis.

23. A torque output mechanism, characterized in that, include: The torque output assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein there are at least two torque output assemblies and they are mounted on the same bracket; A power output shaft, wherein the power input end is movably mounted on the power output shaft along the rotation axis or in a direction parallel to the rotation axis; The second thrust member is located between the power output shaft and the centering sleeve, and is used to generate a thrust that separates the power output shaft from the centering sleeve.

24. The torque output mechanism according to claim 23, characterized in that, The at least two torque output components are evenly arranged around a central axis.

25. A wrench, characterized in that, Includes a power mechanism and a torque output mechanism as described in claim 23 or 24, wherein: The power mechanism drives the power output shaft to rotate around the rotation axis, and the power mechanism is flexibly connected to the bracket to allow the power mechanism to yaw laterally relative to the bracket; The working hole mates with the nut end of the nut or screw.

26. The wrench according to claim 25, characterized in that, The wrench is an impact wrench, and the power mechanism drives the power output shaft to rotate intermittently around the rotation axis.

27. The wrench according to claim 26, characterized in that, The second thrust component is any one of the following: pagoda spring, wave spring, cylindrical helical spring, disc spring, elastic pad, and gas spring.

28. The wrench according to claim 27, characterized in that, The second thrust component is a pagoda spring, with the small end of the pagoda spring abutting against the power output shaft and the large end of the pagoda spring abutting against the centering sleeve.

29. The wrench according to any one of claims 25 to 28, characterized in that, The power output shaft and / or the power input end are provided with a guide structure such that the power input end is movably mounted on the power output shaft along the rotation axis or in a direction parallel to the rotation axis. The guide structure has a yaw gap to allow the centering sleeve to yaw laterally relative to the power output shaft.

30. The wrench according to claim 29, characterized in that, The centering sleeve can deflect relative to the power output shaft within a deflection section, the rotation axis is located within the deflection section, the power output shaft is connected to the power input end through a positioning member, and the positioning member is fixed in a limiting hole formed in the power input end.

31. The wrench according to claim 30, characterized in that, The end of the power output shaft near the centering sleeve forms a stroke adjustment end, and the stroke adjustment end constructs a stroke adjustment groove extending along its own axial direction. The positioning element is slidably mounted in the stroke adjustment groove.

32. The wrench according to claim 31, characterized in that, The stroke adjustment groove is at least two and is not transversely connected. The first end of the positioning member is in lateral clearance fit with the stroke adjustment groove, and the second end of the positioning member is spherical.

33. The wrench according to claim 31, characterized in that, The stroke adjustment groove consists of two slots that are horizontally connected to form a stroke adjustment hole, and the positioning member is in a clearance fit with the stroke adjustment hole in the horizontal direction.

34. The wrench according to claim 30, characterized in that, It also includes a limiting member that allows for elastic deformation in the lateral direction, the limiting member being fixed to the power input end and at least partially blocking the limiting hole from the outside.

35. The wrench according to claim 29, characterized in that, It also includes a processor, which is configured as follows: During the centering phase, the centering sleeve is driven by the power mechanism at a speed V. 定心 Rotate; During the torque transmission phase, the centering sleeve is driven by the power mechanism at a speed V. 作业 Rotation, V 定心 <V 作业 .

36. A method for controlling a wrench according to any one of claims 25 to 35, characterized in that, Including the following steps: During the centering phase, the centering sleeve is driven at a speed V. 定心 Rotate; During the torque transmission phase, the centering sleeve is driven at a speed V. 作业 Rotation, V 定心 <V 作业 .

37. The wrench control method according to claim 36, wherein the position of the workpiece is detected. If the workpiece abuts against the centering groove, the centering sleeve is driven at a speed V. 定心 Rotate; If the workpiece gets stuck in the working hole, drive the centering sleeve at a speed V. 作业 Rotate.

38. The wrench control method according to claim 36, characterized in that, Drive the centering sleeve at a speed V 定心 Rotation time T 定心 Then at a speed V 作业 Rotate.

39. The wrench control method according to claim 38, characterized in that, The centering sleeve first moves at a speed V 定心 Rotate N×180°, then move at a speed of V 作业 Rotation, where N is a positive integer.

40. A wrench assembly, characterized in that, include: The wrench according to any one of claims 25 to 35; A railcar includes a frame and wheels rotatably mounted on the frame, wherein the frame is driven to move along the rails by means of the rolling of the wheels along the rails; The bracket is mounted on the railcar in a vertical and / or horizontal working position via the connecting assembly.

41. The wrench assembly according to claim 40, characterized in that, The connecting assembly includes a post and a rotating cylinder, wherein: The insertion post is fixed to the bracket or the vehicle frame, and correspondingly, the rotating cylinder is fixed to the vehicle frame or the bracket; The insert is rotatably mounted inside the rotating cylinder along a vertical axis.

42. The wrench assembly according to claim 41, characterized in that, The connecting assembly also includes a flexible component, through which the insertion post is suspended below the vehicle frame.

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