Method for a terminal to transmit data in an unlicensed band and apparatus using the same

Abstract

A method for a terminal to transmit data in an unlicensed band and an apparatus using the same are provided. The method includes transmitting data to a base station through a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) in an unlicensed band, and receiving acknowledgement / negative-acknowledgement (ACK / NACK) information about the data from the base station in the unlicensed band, wherein the terminal receives timeline information from the base station, the timeline information informing a time relationship between a PUSCH transmission time point and an ACK / NACK information reception time point.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of patent application No. 201980054055.1 (PCT / KR2019 / 010066), filed with the China Patent Office on February 8, 2021, with an international application date of August 9, 2019, entitled "Method for a terminal to transmit data in a license-free frequency band and apparatus for using the method". Technical Field

[0002] This disclosure relates to wireless communication, and more particularly to a method for a UE to transmit data in a license-free frequency band and an apparatus for using the method. Background Technology

[0003] With an increasing number of communication devices requiring higher communication capacity, advanced mobile broadband communications are needed compared to existing radio access technologies (RATs). Massive machine-type communication (MTC), which provides various services anytime, anywhere by connecting multiple devices and objects, is also a major consideration in next-generation communications. Furthermore, the design of communication systems for services or user equipment (UEs) that are sensitive to reliability and latency is being discussed. The introduction of next-generation RATs that take into account enhanced mobile broadband communications, massive MTC, and ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC) is under discussion. In this disclosure, for ease of description, this technology may be referred to as a new RAT or a new radio (NR).

[0004] Cellular communication systems (such as long-term evolution (LTE) / NR systems) are also considering using the 2.4 GHz unlicensed band, which is mainly used by existing Wi-Fi systems, or the recently highlighted 5 GHz and 60 GHz unlicensed bands, in order to reduce traffic load.

[0005] Essentially, in unlicensed frequency bands, since the method of wireless transmission and reception is assumed to be performed through contention between communication nodes, each communication node is required to perform channel sensing before transmitting a signal to verify that no other communication node is currently transmitting a signal. For convenience, this operation is called Listen-Before-Speak (LBT) or the channel access procedure. Specifically, the operation of verifying whether different communication nodes are currently transmitting a signal is defined as carrier sensing (CS), and the determination that no different communication nodes are currently transmitting a signal is defined as a verified clear channel assessment (CCA).

[0006] For uplink data transmission by a UE in a license-free band, the base station first needs to successfully transmit an uplink license in the license-free band in the Level Bypass (LBT), and the UE also needs to successfully transmit uplink data in the LBT. That is, the UE can only attempt to transmit uplink data if a total of two LBTs (one for the base station and one for the UE) are successful. Furthermore, in LTE systems, there is a delay of at least 4 milliseconds between the uplink license and the uplink data scheduled through the uplink license. If another transmission node also existing in the license-free band is connected first during this time, the transmission of the scheduled uplink data may be delayed. Therefore, a method for improving the efficiency of uplink data transmission in license-free bands is being discussed. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Technical issues

[0008] This disclosure provides a method for a UE to transmit data in a license-free frequency band and an apparatus for using the method.

[0009] Technical solution

[0010] In one aspect, a method is provided for a user equipment (UE) to transmit data in a license-free frequency band. The method includes: transmitting data to a base station via a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) in the license-free frequency band; and receiving acknowledgment / negation response (ACK / NACK) information about the data from the base station in the license-free frequency band. The UE receives timeline information from the base station indicating the temporal relationship between the time point of transmitting the PUSCH and the time point of receiving the ACK / NACK information.

[0011] The method may also include sending capability information related to the UE's processing time to the base station.

[0012] The capability information may include information indicating the first time N1 spent by the UE to send the Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) after receiving the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) and the second time N2 spent by the UE to send the PUSCH after receiving the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDCCH).

[0013] Timeline information can be determined based on capability information.

[0014] Timeline information can be used to indicate at what point in time the data whose ACK / NACK information has been sent has been received, based on the first time K1 spent by the UE sending PUCCH after receiving PDSCH and the second time K2 spent by the UE sending PUSCH after receiving PDCCH.

[0015] The timeline information can indicate the smaller value between the first time point K1 and the second time point K2.

[0016] The timeline information can indicate at what point in time the data whose ACK / NACK information was received has been sent, based on the first time K1 (in timeslots) spent by the UE in sending PUCCH after receiving PDSCH, the second time K2 (in timeslots) spent by the UE in sending PUSCH after receiving PDCCH, the first time N1 (in symbols) spent by the UE in sending PUCCH after receiving PDSCH, and the second time N2 (in symbols) spent by the UE in sending PUSCH after receiving PDCCH.

[0017] Timeline information can indicate at what point in time the data whose ACK / NACK information was received has been sent, based on the value of a function of at least one of a first time K1 in timeslots, a second time K2 in timeslots, a first time N1 in symbols, and a second time N2 in symbols.

[0018] Timeline information can indicate values ​​shorter than 4 milliseconds (msec).

[0019] The resource used to send PUSCH can be a resource configured by higher-layer signals without uplink clearance, or ii) a resource configured by a combination of higher-layer signals and uplink clearance.

[0020] In the unlicensed frequency band, multiple data can be transmitted to the base station via PUSCH at multiple time points. In the unlicensed frequency band, the base station can receive ACK / NACK information for at least one of the multiple data, and the timeline information can indicate which of the multiple data is the ACK / NACK information for.

[0021] In another aspect, a user equipment (UE) is provided. The UE includes a transceiver for transmitting and receiving radio signals and a processor coupled to the transceiver for operation. The processor transmits data to a base station via a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) in a license-free band and receives acknowledgment / denial (ACK / NACK) information about the data from the base station in the license-free band. The UE also receives timeline information from the base station indicating the time relationship between the time point of transmitting the PUSCH and the time point of receiving the ACK / NACK information.

[0022] The UE can send capability information related to the UE's processing time to the base station.

[0023] The capability information may include information indicating the first time N1 spent by the UE to send the Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) after receiving the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) and the second time N2 spent by the UE to send the PUSCH after receiving the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDCCH).

[0024] Timeline information can be determined based on capability information.

[0025] In another aspect, a processor for a wireless communication device is provided. The processor controls the wireless communication device to: transmit data to a base station via a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) in a license-free band; and receive acknowledgment / denial (ACK / NACK) information about the data from the base station in the license-free band. The processor receives timeline information from the base station indicating the time relationship between the time point of transmitting the PUSCH and the time point of receiving the ACK / NACK information.

[0026] Beneficial effects

[0027] Unlicensed uplink transmissions can be performed in license-free frequency bands, which can lead to ambiguity because there is no license to indicate the timing of the received ACK / NACK for an uplink transmission. For example, when a UE receives an ACK / NACK after performing multiple uplink transmissions, the UE may have ambiguity about which uplink transmission the ACK / NACK is associated with. In this disclosure, the base station explicitly notifies the UE of the timing of the unlicensed uplink transmission and the timing of receiving the corresponding ACK / NACK in the license-free frequency band, thereby avoiding ambiguity. Therefore, valid uplink transmissions are possible in license-free frequency bands. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1A wireless communication system to which this disclosure can be applied is shown.

[0029] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating the wireless protocol architecture used for the user plane.

[0030] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating the wireless protocol architecture used for the control plane.

[0031] Figure 4 The architecture of a next-generation radio access network (NG-RAN) system employing NR is shown.

[0032] Figure 5 The functional division between NG-RAN and 5GC is shown.

[0033] Figure 6 An example of a frame structure that can be applied to NR is shown.

[0034] Figure 7 The time slot structure is shown.

[0035] Figure 8 CORESET is shown.

[0036] Figure 9 This is a diagram showing the differences between the relevant technology control area and the CORESET in NT.

[0037] Figure 10 An example of the frame structure for the new radio access technology is shown.

[0038] Figure 11 This is an abstract schematic diagram illustrating hybrid beamforming from the perspective of TXRU and physical antenna.

[0039] Figure 12 The synchronization signal / PBCH (SS / PBCH) block is schematically shown.

[0040] Figure 13 The method for the UE to obtain timing information is shown.

[0041] Figure 14 An example of the UE's system information acquisition process is shown.

[0042] Figure 15 The random access procedure is shown.

[0043] Figure 16 A power gradient counter is shown.

[0044] Figure 17 The concept of thresholds for SS blocks in relation to RACH resources is illustrated.

[0045] Figure 18 An example of a wireless communication system that supports license-free frequency bands is shown.

[0046] Figure 19 This demonstrates a method for allocating time resources across multiple time periods (TTIs) based on the SLIV method according to mirroring on / off.

[0047] Figure 20 This illustrates the case where non-contiguous CGU time slots are configured using a bitmap.

[0048] Figure 21 This illustrates the case where two consecutive CGU time slots are allocated using a bitmap.

[0049] Figure 22 This illustrates another case where two consecutive CGU time slots are allocated using a bitmap.

[0050] Figure 23 A method for a UE to transmit data in a license-free frequency band according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0051] Figure 24 The application is shown. Figure 23 Specific examples of the method.

[0052] Figure 25 An example of CGU-UCI mapping is shown.

[0053] Figure 26 Another example of CGU-UCI mapping is shown.

[0054] Figure 27 Another example of CGU-UCI mapping is shown.

[0055] Figure 28 This is a block diagram showing the components of the transmitting device (1810) and receiving device (1820) for implementing the present disclosure.

[0056] Figure 29 An example of the structure of the signal processing module in the transmitting device (1810) is shown.

[0057] Figure 30 Another example of the signal processing module structure in the transmitting device (1810) is shown.

[0058] Figure 31 An example of a wireless communication device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0059] Figure 32 Examples of 5G use cases to which the technical features of this disclosure are applicable are shown.

[0060] Figure 33AI device 100 is shown.

[0061] Figure 34 An AI server 200 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0062] Figure 35 AI system 1 is shown.

[0063] Figure 36 An example of a parity check matrix represented as a protograph is shown.

[0064] Figure 37 An example of a polar code encoder structure is shown.

[0065] Figure 38 An example of encoder operation for polar codes is illustrated schematically.

[0066] Figure 39 This is a flowchart illustrating an example of performing an idle mode DRX operation.

[0067] Figure 40 An example of idle mode DRX operation is illustrated schematically.

[0068] Figure 41 This is a flowchart illustrating an example of a method for performing C-DRX operations.

[0069] Figure 42 An example of DRX operation is illustrated schematically.

[0070] Figure 43 An example of power consumption based on UE state is illustrated schematically. Detailed Implementation

[0071] Figure 1 A wireless communication system to which this disclosure can be applied is shown. This wireless communication system may be referred to as an Evolved-UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) or a Long Term Evolution (LTE) / LTE-A system.

[0072] E-UTRAN includes at least one base station (BS) 20 that provides control and user planes to user equipment (UE) 10. UE 10 can be fixed or mobile and can be referred to by other terms such as mobile station (MS), user terminal (UT), subscriber station (SS), mobile terminal (MT), radio equipment, etc. BS 20 is typically a fixed station that communicates with UE 10 and can be referred to by other terms such as evolved Node B (eNB), base transceiver system (BTS), access point, etc.

[0073] The BS20s are interconnected via the X2 interface. The BS20s are also connected to the evolved packet core (EPC) 30 via the S1 interface, and more specifically, to the mobility management entity (MME) via the S1-MME and to the serving gateway (S-GW) via the S1-U.

[0074] EPC 30 includes an MME, an S-GW, and a Packet Data Network Gateway (P-GW). The MME holds UE access information or UE capability information, and this information is typically used for UE mobility management. The S-GW is a gateway with an E-UTRAN as its endpoint. The P-GW is a gateway with a PDN as its endpoint.

[0075] Based on the lower three layers of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model well-known in communication systems, the radio interface protocol between the UE and the network can be classified into Layer 1 (L1), Layer 2 (L2), and Layer 3 (L3). Among these, the Physical (PHY) layer, belonging to Layer 1, provides information transmission services using physical channels, while the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer, belonging to Layer 3, controls radio resources between the UE and the network. For this purpose, the RRC layer exchanges RRC messages between the UE and the BS.

[0076] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating the wireless protocol architecture used for the user plane. Figure 3 This diagram illustrates the wireless protocol architecture used for the control plane. The user plane is the protocol stack used for user data transmission. The control plane is the protocol stack used for control signal transmission.

[0077] refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 The PHY layer provides information transmission services to the upper layers via physical channels. The PHY layer connects to the Media Access Control (MAC) layer via a transport channel, which is the layer above the PHY layer. Data is transmitted between the MAC and PHY layers via transport channels. Transport channels are classified according to how data is transmitted via the radio interface and what characteristics of the data are transmitted.

[0078] Through the physical channel, data moves between different PHY layers, namely the PHY layer of the transmitter and the PHY layer of the receiver. The physical channel can be modulated according to an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme and uses time and frequency as radio resources.

[0079] The functions of the MAC layer include mapping between logical channels and transport channels, and multiplexing / demultiplexing transport blocks provided via physical channels on the transport channel of MAC Service Data Units (SDUs) belonging to logical channels. The MAC layer provides services to the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer through logical channels.

[0080] The RLC layer's functions include the cascading, splitting, and reassembling of RLC SDUs. To ensure various types of Quality of Service (QoS) requirements for radio bearers (RBs), the RLC layer provides three operating modes: Transparent Mode (TM), Unacknowledged Mode (UM), and Acknowledged Mode (AM). AM RLC provides error correction through Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ).

[0081] The RRC layer is defined only in the control plane. The RRC layer is related to the configuration, reconfiguration, and release of radio bearers, and is responsible for the control of logical channels, transport channels, and PHY channels. RB refers to the logical route provided by Layer 1 (PHY layer) and Layer 2 (MAC layer, RLC layer, and PDCP layer) to facilitate data transmission between the UE and the network.

[0082] The Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer on the user plane performs functions including the transmission of user data and header compression and encryption. The PDCP layer on the user plane performs functions including the transmission of control plane data and encryption / integrity protection.

[0083] RB configuration refers to the process of defining the characteristics of the radio protocol layer and channel to provide specific services and configuring each detailed parameter and operation method. RBs can be divided into two types: signaling RBs (SRBs) and data RBs (DRBs). SRBs are used as channels to transmit RRC messages on the control plane, while DRBs are used as channels to transmit user data on the user plane.

[0084] If an RRC connection is established between the UE's RRC layer and the E-UTRAN's RRC layer, the UE is in an RRC connected state. Otherwise, the UE is in an RRC idle state.

[0085] The downlink transport channels through which data is transmitted from the network to the UE include the Broadcast Channel (BCH) for transmitting system information and the Shared Downlink Channel (SCH) for transmitting user service or control messages. Service or control messages used for downlink multicast or broadcast services can be transmitted via the downlink SCH or via the Additional Downlink Multicast Channel (MCH). Meanwhile, the uplink transport channels through which data is transmitted from the UE to the network include the Random Access Channel (RACH) for transmitting initial control messages and the Shared Uplink Channel (SCH) for transmitting user service or control messages.

[0086] Logical channels placed above and mapped to the transport channel include the Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH), Paging Control Channel (PCCH), Common Control Channel (CCCH), Multicast Control Channel (MCCH), and Multicast Service Channel (MTCH).

[0087] A physical channel comprises several OFDM symbols in the time domain and several subcarriers in the frequency domain. A subframe comprises multiple OFDM symbols in the time domain. An RB (Resource Allocation Unit) is a resource allocation unit and comprises multiple OFDM symbols and multiple subcarriers. Furthermore, each subframe may use specific subcarriers of a specific OFDM symbol (e.g., the first OFDM symbol) for the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH), i.e., the L1 / L2 control channel. The Transmission Time Interval (TTI) is the unit of time used for subframe transmission.

[0088] The new radio access technologies (new RAT, NR) will be described below.

[0089] With an increasing number of communication devices requiring greater communication capacity, there is a need for improved mobile broadband communications compared to existing radio access technologies. Furthermore, massive machine-type communication (MTC), which provides various services by connecting numerous devices and objects, is one of the main issues to be considered in next-generation communications. In addition, communication system designs considering reliability / latency-sensitive services / UEs are being discussed. The introduction of next-generation radio access technologies considering enhanced mobile broadband communication (eMBB), massive MTC (mMTC), and ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) is discussed. For convenience, in this disclosure, such new technologies may be referred to as new radio access technologies (new RAT or NR).

[0090] Figure 4 The architecture of a next-generation radio access network (NG-RAN) system employing NR is shown.

[0091] refer to Figure 4 NG-RAN may include gNBs and / or eNBs that provide user plane and control plane protocol termination to the UE. Figure 4This illustrates the case where NG-RAN includes only gNBs. gNBs and eNBs are interconnected via the Xn interface. gNBs and eNBs connect to the fifth-generation (5G) core network (5GC) via the NG interface. Specifically, gNBs and eNBs connect to the access and mobility management function (AMF) via the NG-C interface, and connect to the user plane function (UPF) via the NG-U interface.

[0092] Figure 5 The functional division between NG-RAN and 5GC is shown.

[0093] refer to Figure 5 The gNB can provide functions such as inter-cell radio resource management (inter-cell RRM), radio bearer management (RB control), connection mobility control, radio access control, measurement configuration and provisioning, and dynamic resource allocation. The AMF can provide functions such as NAS security and idle-state mobility processing. The UPF can provide functions such as mobility anchoring and PDU processing. The SMF can provide functions such as UE IP address allocation and PDU session control.

[0094] Figure 6 An example of a frame structure that can be applied in NR is shown.

[0095] refer to Figure 6 A frame can consist of 10 milliseconds (ms) and include 10 subframes, each consisting of 1 ms.

[0096] Depending on the subcarrier spacing, a subframe may include one or more time slots.

[0097] Table 1 below shows the subcarrier spacing configuration μ.

[0098] [Table 1]

[0099]

[0100] Table 2 below shows the number of time slots (N) in a frame configured with subcarrier spacing μ. frame,μ slot ), number of time slots in subframes (N) subframe,μ slot ), Number of symbols in a time slot (N) slot symb )wait.

[0101] [Table 2]

[0102]

[0103] Figure 7 The time slot structure is shown.

[0104] refer to Figure 7 A time slot includes multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, when using normal CP, a time slot can include 14 symbols; when using extended CP, a time slot can include 12 symbols. Alternatively, when using normal CP, a time slot can include 7 symbols; when using extended CP, a time slot can include 6 symbols.

[0105] A carrier comprises multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. A resource block (RB) can be defined as multiple (e.g., 12) consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. A bandwidth part (BWP) can be defined as multiple consecutive (P)RBs in the frequency domain and can correspond to a set of parameters (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). A carrier can include up to N (e.g., 5) BWPs. Data communication can be performed through active BWPs. Each element in the resource grid can be called a resource element (RE) and can be mapped to a complex symbol.

[0106] The Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) may include one or more control channel elements (CCEs), as shown in Table 3 below.

[0107] [Table 3]

[0108] 1 1 2 2 4 4 8 8 16 16

[0109] In other words, PDCCH can be transmitted using resources comprising 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs. Here, a CCE comprises six resource element groups (REGs), and a REG comprises a resource block in the frequency domain and an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol in the time domain.

[0110] Meanwhile, in future wireless communication systems, a new unit called the Control Resource Set (CORESET) can be introduced. Terminals can receive the PDCCH from the CORESET.

[0111] Figure 8 CORESET is shown.

[0112] refer to Figure 8 CORESET includes N in the frequency domain. CORESET RB The number of resource blocks and N in the time domain CORESETsymb The number of symbols ∈ {1, 2, 3}. N can be provided by the base station via higher-layer signaling. CORESET RB and N CORESET symb .like Figure 8 As shown, a CORESET can include multiple CCEs (or REGs).

[0113] The UE can attempt to detect PDCCH in units of 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs in the CORESET. One or more CCEs that can be attempted for PDCCH detection can be referred to as PDCCH candidates.

[0114] Multiple CORESETs can be configured for the terminal.

[0115] Figure 9 This is a diagram showing the differences between the relevant technology control area and the CORESET in NT.

[0116] refer to Figure 9 In a wireless communication system of the relevant technology (e.g., LTE / LTE-A), the control area 300 is configured across the entire system frequency band used by the base station (BS). All terminals, except for some terminals that only support narrowband (e.g., eMTC / NB-IoT terminals), must be able to receive wireless signals across the entire system frequency band of the BS in order to properly receive / decode control information transmitted by the BS.

[0117] On the other hand, in NR, the aforementioned CORESET is introduced. CORESETs 301, 302, and 303 are radio resources used for control information to be received by the terminal, and only a portion of the system bandwidth can be used instead of the entire system bandwidth. The BS can allocate CORESETs to each UE and can transmit control information through the allocated CORESETs. For example, in Figure 9 In this configuration, the first CORESET 301 can be assigned to UE 1, the second CORESET 302 can be assigned to UE 2, and the third CORESET 303 can be assigned to UE 3. In NR, the terminal can receive control information from the BS without having to receive the entire system frequency band.

[0118] CORESET can include UE-specific CORESET for sending UE-specific control information and public CORESET for sending control information common to all UEs.

[0119] Simultaneously, depending on the application, NR may require high reliability. In such cases, the target block error rate (BLER) of downlink control information (DCI) transmitted via a downlink control channel (e.g., physical downlink control channel (PDCCH)) can be significantly reduced compared to conventional technologies. As an example of a method to meet the requirement of high reliability, it is possible to reduce the content included in the DCI and / or increase the amount of resources used for DCI transmission. Here, resources may include at least one of resources in the time domain, frequency domain, code domain, and spatial domain.

[0120] The following technologies / features can be applied in NR.

[0121] <Self-contained subframe structure>

[0122] Figure 10 An example of the frame structure for the new radio access technology is shown.

[0123] In NR, such as Figure 10 As shown, the structure in which the control channel and data channel are time-division multiplexed within one TTI can be considered a frame structure in order to minimize latency.

[0124] exist Figure 10 In the diagram, the shaded area represents the downlink control area, and the black area represents the uplink control area. The remaining area can be used for either downlink (DL) data transmission or uplink (UL) data transmission. This structure is characterized by sequentially performing DL and UL transmissions within a subframe, thus allowing DL data to be transmitted and UL ACK / NACK to be received within that subframe. This reduces the time required from the occurrence of a data transmission error to data retransmission, thereby minimizing latency in the final data transmission.

[0125] In this time-division multiplexing (TDD) subframe structure for data and control, time gaps may be needed for base stations and terminals to switch from transmit mode to receive mode or vice versa. Therefore, some OFDM symbols during the DL to UL switch can be set as guard periods (GP) in a self-contained subframe structure.

[0126] <Simulated Beamforming #1>

[0127] The wavelength is shortened in millimeter waves (mmW), and therefore a large number of antenna elements can be installed in the same area. That is, the wavelength is 1 cm at 30 GHz, and therefore a total of 100 antenna elements can be installed in a two-dimensional array with a spacing of 0.5λ (wavelength) in a 5×5 cm panel. Therefore, it is possible to use a large number of antenna elements to increase beamforming (BF) gain, thereby increasing coverage or improving throughput in mmW.

[0128] In this scenario, independent beamforming for each frequency resource could be performed by providing a transceiver unit (TXRU) to adjust the transmit power and phase of each antenna element. However, installing TXRUs for all approximately 100 antenna elements reduces cost efficiency. Therefore, a method is considered that maps a large number of antenna elements to a single TXRU and uses analog phase shifters to control the beam direction. This analog beamforming can only form a single beam direction across all frequency bands and therefore cannot provide frequency-selective beamforming.

[0129] Hybrid beamforming (BF) with a smaller number of B TXRUs than Q antenna elements can be considered an intermediate form between digital BF and analog BF. In this case, the number of beam directions that can be transmitted simultaneously is limited to B, although it depends on the method of connecting the B TXRUs and Q antenna elements.

[0130] <Simulated Beamforming #2>

[0131] When multiple antennas are used in an NR (Radio Frequency Identification) system, hybrid beamforming, a combination of digital and analog beamforming, emerges. Here, in analog beamforming (or RF beamforming), precoding (or combination) is performed at the RF end, thus achieving performance similar to digital beamforming while reducing the number of RF chains and D / A (or A / D) converters. For convenience, the hybrid beamforming structure can be represented by N TXRUs and M physical antennas. Then, digital beamforming for the L data layers to be transmitted at the transmitter can be represented by an N x L matrix, and the converted N digital signals are converted into analog signals via TXRUs, and analog beamforming, represented by an M x N matrix, is applied.

[0132] Figure 11 This is an abstract schematic diagram illustrating hybrid beamforming from the perspective of TXRU and physical antenna.

[0133] exist Figure 11In this context, the number of digital beams is L, and the number of analog beams is N. Furthermore, in NR systems, by designing the base station to change analog beamforming in units of symbols, the aim is to support more efficient beamforming for terminals located in specific areas. Additionally, when in... Figure 11 When N TXRUs and M RF antennas are defined as one antenna panel, the consideration is to introduce multiple antenna panels and independently mix beamforming in the NR system to suit the multiple antenna panels.

[0134] When a base station uses multiple analog beams as described above, the analog beams suitable for receiving signals may be different for the terminals, and therefore the following beam scanning operation is considered: at least for synchronization signals, system information and paging, the base station scans multiple analog beams to be applied for each symbol in a specific subframe (SF) so that all terminals can have a receiving opportunity.

[0135] Figure 12 The synchronization signal / PBCH (SS / PBCH) block is schematically shown.

[0136] refer to Figure 12 An SS / PBCH block can include a PSS and an SSS (each occupying one symbol and 127 subcarriers) and a PBCH (which spans three OFDM symbols and 240 subcarriers, one of which may include an unoccupied portion reserved for the SSS in the middle). The periodicity of the SS / PBCH block can be configured by the network, and the timing for transmitting the SS / PBCH block can be determined based on the subcarrier spacing.

[0137] Polar codes can be used in the PBCH. As long as the network does not configure the UE to assume a different subcarrier spacing, the UE can assume a subcarrier spacing dedicated to the frequency band of the SS / PBCH block.

[0138] The PBCH symbol carries its frequency reused DMRS. QPSK can be used for the PBCH. 1008 unique physical layer cell IDs can be assigned.

[0139] For a half-frame containing SS / PBCH blocks, the index of the first symbol of the candidate SS / PBCH block is determined according to the subcarrier spacing of the SS / PBCH block as described below.

[0140] Case A - 15kHz subcarrier spacing: The first symbol of the candidate SS / PBCH block has an index represented by {2,8}+14*n, where n = 0, 1 for carrier frequencies of 3 GHz or lower, and n = 0, 1, 2, 3 for carrier frequencies greater than 3 GHz and less than or equal to 6 GHz.

[0141] Case B - 30kHz subcarrier spacing: The first symbol of the candidate SS / PBCH block has an index represented by {4,8,16,20}+28*n, where n=0 for carrier frequencies of 3GHz or lower, and n=0,1 for carrier frequencies greater than 3GHz and less than or equal to 6GHz.

[0142] Case C - 30kHz subcarrier spacing: The first symbol of the candidate SS / PBCH block has an index represented by {2,8}+14*n, where n = 0, 1 for carrier frequencies of 3 GHz or lower, and n = 0, 1, 2, 3 for carrier frequencies greater than 3 GHz and less than or equal to 6 GHz.

[0143] Case D - 120kHz subcarrier spacing: The first symbol of the candidate SS / PBCH block has an index represented by {4, 8, 16, 20} + 28*n, where for carrier frequencies greater than 6GHz, n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18.

[0144] Subcarrier spacing for case E-240kHz: The first symbol of the candidate SS / PBCH block has an index represented by {8, 12, 16, 20, 32, 36, 40, 44} + 56*n, where n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 for carrier frequencies greater than 6 GHz.

[0145] Candidate SS / PBCH blocks in a half-frame are indexed in ascending order from 0 to L-1 on the time axis. The UE needs to determine two LSBs for SS / PBCH block indices of L=4 for each half-frame, and three LSBs for SS / PBCH block indices of L>4, based on a one-to-one mapping with the indices of the DM-RS sequences transmitted in the PBCH. For L=64, the UE needs to determine three MSBs for the SS / PBCH block indices of each half-frame using the PBCH payload bits.

[0146] The higher-layer parameter "SSB-transmitted-SIB1" can be used to set the index of the SS / PBCH block in which the UE cannot receive other signals or channels in an RE overlapping with the RE corresponding to the SS / PBCH block. Furthermore, the higher-layer parameter "SSB-transmitted" can be used to set the index of the SS / PBCH block for each serving cell in which the UE cannot receive other signals or channels in an RE overlapping with the RE corresponding to the SS / PBCH block. The setting made via "SSB-transmitted" can be overridden by the setting made via "SSB-transmitted-SIB1". The period of the half-frame used to receive the SS / PBCH block of each serving cell can be set via the higher-layer parameter "SSB-periodicityServingCell". When the UE does not receive a setting for the period of the half-frame used to receive the SS / PBCH block, the UE needs to assume the period of the half-frame. The UE can assume that the periodicity of all SS / PBCH blocks in the serving cell is the same.

[0147] Figure 13 The method for the UE to obtain timing information is shown.

[0148] First, the UE can obtain the six-bit SFN information from the master information block (MIB) received in the PBCH. Further, the UE can obtain the four-bit SFN from the PBCH transport block.

[0149] Secondly, the UE can obtain a half-frame indicator as part of the PBCH payload. In the case of less than 3 GHz, the half-frame indicator can be implicitly signaled as part of the PBCH DMRS with Lmax=4.

[0150] Finally, the UE can obtain the SS / PBCH block index through the DMRS sequence and the PBCH payload. That is, within a 5ms time period, the UE can obtain the 3-bit LSB of the SS block index through the DMRS sequence. Furthermore, the PBCH payload explicitly carries a 3-bit MSB of timing information (for frequencies exceeding 6GHz).

[0151] During initial cell selection, the UE can assume that half-frames with SS / PBCH blocks occur periodically in two-frame intervals. When an SS / PBCH block is detected, for FR1, k SSB ≤23, and for FR2, k SSB When k ≤ 11, the UE determines that there are control resources set for the Type0-PDCCH common search space. For FR1, k SSB>23, and for FR2, k SSB When the value is >11, the UE determines that there are no control resources set for the Type0-PDCCH common search space.

[0152] For a serving cell that does not send SS / PBCH blocks, the UE obtains time and frequency synchronization of the serving cell by receiving SS / PBCH blocks on the PCell or PSCell of the serving cell's cell group.

[0153] The acquisition of system information will be described below.

[0154] System information (SI) is divided into a main information block (MIB) and multiple system information blocks (SIBs), among which:

[0155] - The MIB is always sent on the BCH in 40-millisecond intervals, repeated within 80-millisecond intervals, and includes the parameters required to obtain the System Information Block type 1 (SIB1) from the cell;

[0156] SIB1 is transmitted periodically and repeatedly on the DL-SCH. SIB1 includes information about the availability and scheduling of other SIBs (e.g., periodicity or SI window size). Furthermore, SIB1 indicates whether the SIB (i.e., other SIBs) is periodically broadcast or provided upon request. When other SIBs are provided upon request, SIB1 includes information about the UE requesting the SIB;

[0157] - SIBs other than SIB1 are carried by System Information (SI) messages sent on the DL-SCH. Each SI message is sent within a periodically occurring time-domain window (called the SI window);

[0158] - For PSCells and SCells, the RAN provides the required SI via dedicated signaling. However, the UE needs to acquire the MIB of the PSCell in order to obtain the SFN timing of the SCH (which may differ from the MCG). When the associated SI of an SCell changes, the RAN will release and add the associated SCell. For PSCells, the SI can only be changed through a sync reconfiguration.

[0159] Figure 14 An example of the UE's system information acquisition process is shown.

[0160] refer to Figure 14 The UE can receive the MIB from the network, and then it can receive the SIB1. Subsequently, the UE can send a system information request to the network, and in response, it can receive a system information message from the network.

[0161] The UE can use the system information acquisition process to obtain access stratum (AS) and non-access stratum (NAS) information.

[0162] In the RRC_Idle and RRC_Inactive states, the user equipment needs to ensure (at least) valid versions of MIB, SIB1, and System Information Block Type X (according to the relevant RAT support for mobility controlled by the UE).

[0163] In RRC_connected state, the UE needs to ensure that the versions of MIB, SIB1 and System Information Block Type X are valid (based on mobility support for the relevant RAT).

[0164] The UE needs to store the relevant SI obtained from the currently camped / serving cell. The version of the SI obtained and stored by the UE is only valid for a certain period of time. For example, the UE can use this version of the stored SI after cell reselection, after returning from outside coverage, or after an indication of system information change.

[0165] Random access will be described below.

[0166] Table 4 summarizes the UE's random access process.

[0167] [Table 4]

[0168]

[0169] Figure 15 The random access procedure is shown.

[0170] refer to Figure 15 First, the UE can transmit the PRACH preamble as Msg 1 in the random access procedure via the uplink.

[0171] It supports two random access preamble sequences with different lengths. A long sequence of length 839 is used for subcarrier spacings of 1.25 kHz and 5 kHz, and a short sequence of length 139 is used for subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, and 120 kHz. The long sequence supports both unrestricted and restricted sets of Type A and Type B, while the short sequence can support only the unrestricted set.

[0172] Multiple RACH preamble formats are defined by one or more RACH OFDM symbols, different cyclic prefixes (CP), and guard times. The PRACH preamble settings to be used are provided to the UE as system information.

[0173] When there is no response to Msg1, the UE can retransmit the power-gradient PRACH preamble within a specified number of times. The UE calculates the PRACH transmission power for the retransmission of the preamble based on the most recently estimated path loss and the power gradation counter. The power gradation counter does not change when the UE performs a beam switching.

[0174] Figure 16 A power gradient counter is shown.

[0175] The UE can perform power easing for retransmissions of the random access preamble based on a power easing counter. Here, as mentioned above, the power easing counter does not change when the UE performs beam switching during a PRACH retransmission.

[0176] refer to Figure 16 When the UE retransmits a random access preamble for the same beam, the UE increments the power taper counter by 1; for example, the power taper counter increases from 1 to 2, and from 3 to 4. However, when the beam changes, the power taper counter does not change during PRACH retransmissions.

[0177] Figure 17 The concept of thresholds for SS blocks in relation to RACH resources is illustrated.

[0178] The UE knows the relationship between SS blocks and RACH resources through system information. The threshold for SS blocks in relation to RACH resources is based on RSRP and network configuration. The transmission or retransmission of the RACH preamble is based on SS blocks that meet the threshold. Therefore, in Figure 17 In the example, because SS block m exceeds the threshold of received power, the RACH preamble is sent or retransmitted based on SS block m.

[0179] Subsequently, when the UE receives a random access response on the DL-SCH, the DL-SCH can provide timing alignment information, RA preamble ID, initial uplink clearance, and temporary C-RNTI.

[0180] Based on this information, the UE can perform uplink transmission of Msg3 for the random access procedure on the UL-SCH. Msg3 may include the RRC connection request and the UE identifier.

[0181] In response, the network can transmit Msg4, which can be considered a contention resolution message, via the downlink. Once this message is received, the UE can enter the RRC connected state.

[0182] <Bandwidth Component (BWP)>

[0183] In NR systems, each component carrier (CC) can support a maximum of 400MHz. If a UE operating in such a wideband CC uses RF with all CCs continuously on, UE battery consumption may increase. Otherwise, considering use cases of operating in a wideband CC (e.g., eMBB, URLLC, mMTC, etc.), different frequency bands within the CC can support different sets of parameters (e.g., subcarrier spacing (SCS)). Otherwise, the UE may have different capabilities for the maximum bandwidth. With this in mind, the eNB can instruct the UE to operate only within a portion of the entire bandwidth of the wideband CC, and for convenience, this portion of the bandwidth is defined as the bandwidth portion (BWP). The BWP can consist of consecutive resource blocks (RBs) on the frequency axis and can correspond to a set of parameters (e.g., subcarrier spacing, cyclic prefix (CP) length, slot / slot duration, etc.).

[0184] Furthermore, even within a single CC, the eNB can configure multiple BWPs for a UE. For example, a BWP occupying a relatively small frequency domain can be set in the PDCCH monitoring slot, and PDSCHs indicated by the PDCCH can be scheduled on BWPs wider than that BWP. When UEs converge on a specific BWP, some UEs can be set to other BWPs for load balancing. Otherwise, considering the cancellation of inter-cell frequency domain interference between adjacent cells, BWPs on both sides of the bandwidth, except for some spectrum at the center of the bandwidth, can be configured in the same time slot. That is, the eNB can configure at least one DL / UL BWP for UEs associated with (=related to) the wideband CC, and activate at least one of the DL / UL BWPs configured at a specific time (via L1 signaling, MAC CE, or RRC signaling), and can instruct a handover to another configured DL / UL BWP (via L1 signaling, MAC CE, or RRC signaling), or a handover can occur on a timer basis when the timer value expires to the determined DL / UL BWP. Here, the activated DL / UL BWP is defined as the active DL / UL BWP. However, when the UE is in the initial access process or has not established an RRC connection, the UE may not receive the configuration for the DL / UL BWP. In this case, the DL / UL BWP assumed by the UE is defined as the initially active DL / UL BWP.

[0185] The channel access procedure under licensed-assisted access (LAA) will be described below. Here, LAA can refer to a method of performing data transmission and reception in an unlicensed frequency band in conjunction with an unlicensed frequency band (e.g., a Wi-Fi frequency band). Here, the cell accessed by the UE in the unlicensed frequency band can be referred to as a USCell (or LAA SCell), while the cell accessed by the UE in the licensed frequency band can be referred to as a PCell.

[0186] First, the downlink channel access process will be described.

[0187] An eNB operating with (multiple) LAA SCells needs to perform the following channel access procedure to access the channel through which (multiple) transmissions (multiple) LAA SCells are performed.

[0188] The channel access procedure for multiple transmissions including PDSCH / PDCCH / EPDCH will be described below.

[0189] When an idle channel is first sensed within the slot duration of the delay duration Td and the counter N is 0 in step 4, the eNB can perform transmissions including PDSCH / PDCCH / EPDCH on carriers performing multiple LAA SCell transmissions. The counter N is adjusted by sensing the additional slot duration of the multiple channels according to the following steps.

[0190] 1) N is set to N = N init Here, N init It is uniformly distributed between 0 and CW p Any number between 0 and 1. Then, the process proceeds to step 4.

[0191] 2) If N>0 and the eNB selects a counter, then set N=N-1.

[0192] 3) When a channel associated with the additional time slot duration is sensed and that additional time slot duration is idle, the process proceeds to step 4. Otherwise, the process proceeds to step 5.

[0193] 4) If N = 0, the process ends; otherwise, proceed to step 2.

[0194] 5) Sensing the channel until the additional delay duration T d A busy time slot was detected, or an additional delay duration T was added. d All time slots are sensed as idle until all time slots are detected as idle.

[0195] 6) If the channel is sensed during the additional delay duration T dIf the process is idle for the duration of all time slots, it proceeds to step 4. Otherwise, it proceeds to step 5.

[0196] If, after step 4 of this process, the eNB has not yet performed transmissions including PDSCH / PDCCH / EPDCH on the carrier(s) performing(multiple) LAA SCell transmissions(s), and if the eNB is ready to transmit PDSCH / PDCCH / EPDCH, then when the channel is sensed for at least one time slot duration T... sl The channel is idle and the delay duration T immediately preceding the transmission. d When idle for all time slot durations, the eNB can perform transmissions including PDSCH / PDCCH / EPDCH on the carrier. After the eNB is ready to perform a transmission, when the eNB initially senses the channel, when the eNB senses the channel for the time slot duration T... sl The channel is not idle, or a delay T is sensed immediately preceding the expected transmission. d When the channel is not idle during any time slot duration, the eNB senses the channel during the delay duration T. d The time slot is idle for the duration of the time slot, and then proceeds to step 1.

[0197] Delay duration T d Configured to immediately follow the duration m of the consecutive time slots p The T after that f =16μs duration. Here, the duration of each time slot is T. sl =9μs, and T f Included in T f The duration T of the idle time slot at the starting point sl .

[0198] When the eNB senses the channel for the time slot duration during the time slot duration, and the power detected by the eNB for at least 4 µs during the time slot duration is below the energy detection threshold X. Thresh At that time, the duration of the time slot T sl It is considered idle. Otherwise, the time slot duration T sl It is considered busy.

[0199] CW p (CW min,p ≤CW p ≤CW max,p (This is) a competitive window. CW p The application of this will be described in the context of the competition window application process.

[0200] Select CW before step 1 of the aforementioned process. min,p and CWmax,p .

[0201] As shown in Table 3, m p CW min,p and CW max,p Based on channel access priority related to eNB transmission.

[0202] X Thresh The adjustments will be described during the energy detection threshold adaptation process.

[0203] If N>0 during the aforementioned process, then when the eNB sends a discovery signal that does not include PDSCH / PDCCH / EPDCCH, the eNB should not reduce N in the duration of the (multiple) time slots that overlap with the discovery signal transmission.

[0204] Beyond the T given in Table 3 mcot,p During the duration, the eNB should not perform continuous transmissions on carriers that perform multiple transmissions of LAA SCell.

[0205] If for p=3 and p=4, other techniques can ensure the absence of shared carriers for a long period (e.g., according to a specified level), then T mcot,p =10ms. Conversely, T mcot,p =8ms.

[0206] Table 5 shows the channel access priority.

[0207] [Table 5]

[0208]

[0209] The channel access procedure for a transmission that includes discovery signal transmissions (multiple) without a PDSCH will be described below.

[0210] If immediately following the sensing of the channel at least T drs If the eNB is idle for less than 1 ms after a 25 μs sensing interval, it can transmit a discovery signal on a carrier performing multiple LAA SCell transmissions without a PDSCH. drs Configured to immediately follow a time slot duration T sl =T after 9μs f =16μs, and T f Including T f The duration T of the idle time slot at the starting point sl If the channel is sensed at T drs If the channel is idle during the time slot period T, then the channel is considered to be in T. drs The interior is empty.

[0211] The competition window adjustment process will be described below.

[0212] When the eNB performs a PDSCH transmission on a carrier that includes the channel access priority p, the eNB maintains the contention window value CW. p And adjust the CW used for transmission using the steps prior to step 1 of the aforementioned process. p .

[0213] 1) For all priorities p∈{1,2,3,4}, set CW p =CW min,p .

[0214] 2) If at least Z = 80% of the HARQ-ACK values ​​corresponding to (multiple) PDSCH transmissions are determined to be NACK in reference subframe k, then the process will CW p Increase to the next highest allowed value for all priorities p∈{1,2,3,4} and remain in step 2. Otherwise, the process proceeds to step 1.

[0215] The reference subframe k is a subframe in which the most recent transmission performed by the eNB on a carrier that is expected to be available for at least some HARQ-ACK feedback begins.

[0216] Given a reference subframe k, the eNB only needs to adjust the CW for all priorities p∈{1,2,3,4}. p The value is once.

[0217] If CW p =CW max,p Then it is used for CW p The next maximum allowed value for adjustment is CW. max,p .

[0218] When Z is determined

[0219] - If the (multiple) eNB transmissions available for HARQ-ACK feedback begin at the second time slot of subframe k, then the HARQ-ACK value corresponding to the (multiple) PDSCH transmissions in subframe k+1 can also be used by adding it to the HARQ-ACK value corresponding to the (multiple) PDSCH transmissions in subframe k.

[0220] -If the HARQ-ACK value corresponds to (multiple) PDSCH transmissions on a LAASCell allocated based on (E)PDCCH sent on the same LAASCell,

[0221] - If the eNB does not detect HARQ-ACK feedback for PDSCH transmission, or if the eNB detects a "DTX", "NACK / DTX", or "any" state, it is counted as NACK.

[0222] -If the HARQ-ACK value corresponds to (multiple) PDSCH transmissions on LAASCell allocated according to (E)PDCCH sent on another serving cell,

[0223] - If the eNB detects a HARQ-ACK feedback for the PDSCH transmission, then the "NACK / DTX" or "any" state is calculated as NACK, and the "DTX" state is ignored.

[0224] -If the eNB does not detect HARQ-ACK feedback for PDSCH transmission,

[0225] ---If the PUCCH format 1b for channel selection is expected to be used by the UE, the "NACK / DTX" state corresponding to "No Transmission" is calculated as NACK, and the "DTX" state corresponding to "No Transmission" is ignored. Conversely, HARQ-ACK for PDSCH transmission is ignored.

[0226] - If the PDSCH transmission has two codewords, then the HARQ-ACK value of each codeword is considered separately.

[0227] - The bundled HARQ-ACKs on M subframes are considered as M HARQ-ACK responses.

[0228] If the eNB performs transmissions on the channel starting at time t0, including a PDCCH / EPDCCH with DCI format 0A / 0B / 4A / 4B but excluding a PDSCH associated with channel access priority p, then the eNB maintains the contention window value CW. p And before step 1 of the above process, the following steps are used to adjust the CW used for transmission. p .

[0229] 1) For all priorities p∈{1,2,3,4}, set CW p =CW min,p .

[0230] 2) When from t0 to t0+T CO When the Type 2 channel access procedure has successfully received 10% or less of the UL transport blocks scheduled by the eNB within the interval, the procedure will CW p Increase to the next highest allowed value for all priorities p∈{1,2,3,4} and remain in step 2. Otherwise, the process proceeds to step 1.

[0231] Here, T is calculated as described below in the channel access procedure for (multiple) uplink transmissions. CO .

[0232] If CW p =CW max,p Used K times consecutively to generate N init This only applies to CW. p =CW max,p Used K times consecutively to generate N init The priority p will CW p Reset to CW min,p For each priority p ∈ {1, 2, 3, 4}, K is selected by eNB from the set of values ​​in {1, 2, ..., 8}.

[0233] The energy detection threshold adaptation process will be described below.

[0234] eNBs that are accessing carriers performing multiple LAA SCell transmissions need to set an energy detection threshold X. Thresh Set to be equal to or less than the maximum energy detection threshold X Thresh_max .

[0235] As described later, determine X Thresh_max .

[0236] -If other technologies can ensure the absence of shared carriers over a long period (e.g., according to specified levels),

[0237] --then X Thresh_max =min{T max +10dB,X r}

[0238] ---Xr is the maximum energy detection threshold defined in dB according to regulatory requirements when those requirements are defined. Conversely, X... r =T max +10dB.

[0239] -on the contrary,

[0240] --then X Thresh_max =max{-72+10*log10(BWMHz / 20Mhz)dBm,min{T max ,T max -T A +(P H +10*log10(BWMHz / 20MHz)-P TX )}}.

[0241] -Here,

[0242] - For transmissions including PDSCH(s), T A =10dB.

[0243] - For transmissions that include (multiple) discovery signal transmissions but do not have PDSCH, T A =5dB.

[0244] --P H =23dBm.

[0245] -PTX is the maximum eNB output power set in dBm for the carrier.

[0246] - Regardless of whether single-carrier or multi-carrier transmission is used, the eNB uses the maximum transmission power for the single-carrier setting.

[0247] --T max (dBm)=10*log10(3.16228*10 -8 (mW / MHz)*BWMHz(MHz)).

[0248] --BWMHz is the bandwidth of a single carrier measured in MHz.

[0249] The channel access procedure for transmissions on multiple carriers will be described below.

[0250] According to one of the procedures in Type A and Type B, which will be described later, the eNB can access multiple carriers that perform LAA SCell transmissions.

[0251] The Type A multicarrier access process will be described below.

[0252] According to the aforementioned channel access procedure for multiple transmissions including PDSCH / PDCCH / EPDCH, the eNB needs to perform a certain procedure on each carrier c. i Channel access is performed on ∈C. Here, C is a set of carriers intended to be transmitted by the eNB, i = 0, 1, ..., q-1, and q is the number of carriers intended to be transmitted by the eNB.

[0253] The counter N described above for each carrier c in the channel access process including DSCH / PDCCH / EPDCH(multiple) transmissions i (c_i) is used to determine and is represented as N c_i N c_i Maintained in type A1 or type A2.

[0254] Type A1 will be described below.

[0255] The counter N described above for each carrier c in the channel access process including DSCH / PDCCH / EPDCH(multiple) transmissions i To determine, and to be represented as N c_i .

[0256] If (for example, according to the specified level) it cannot be guaranteed in the long term that there are other technologies that do not share a carrier, then when the eNB stops on any one carrier c j During transmission on ∈C, while waiting for 4T sl After the duration or in N c_i After being reinitialized, the eNB can resume the use of each carrier c after sensing an idle time slot. i ≠c j N c_i reduce.

[0257] Type A2 will be described below.

[0258] The counter N described above for the channel access process including DSCH / PDCCH / EPDCH(multiple) transmissions is relative to carrier c. j ∈C to determine, and is represented as N c_j Here, c j It has the largest CW p The carrier wave value. For each carrier wave c i N c_i =N c_j When the eNB stops at N c_i When transmission occurs on any of the determined carriers, the eNB needs to reinitialize N for all carriers. c_i .

[0259] The Type B multicarrier access procedure will be described below.

[0260] carrier c j ∈C is selected by eNB as follows.

[0261] - In multiple carrier c i Before the corresponding transmission on ∈C, the eNB uniformly selects c randomly from C. j ,or

[0262] -eNB selects c every second j No more than once.

[0263] Here, C is a set of carriers intended to be transmitted by the eNB, i is 0, 1, ..., q-1, and q is the number of carriers intended to be transmitted by the eNB.

[0264] For carrier c j Transmission on the Internet

[0265] -eNB requires a channel access procedure on carrier c that includes modifications to the aforementioned PDSCH / PDCCH / EPDCH according to type B1 or type B as described below. j Upgrade channel access.

[0266] For the corresponding c i ∈C and c i ≠c j Transmission on carrier wave,

[0267] -For each carrier c i Immediately following carrier c j Before transmission, the eNB needs at least a sensing interval T mc =Sense carrier c within 25μs i And immediately after sensing carrier c i At least the sensing interval T mc After the internal space is idle, the eNB can then operate on carrier c. i Transmission is performed on the channel. If the channel is sensed within a given time interval T... mc Intrinsic carrier c j If the carrier c is idle for all time intervals during which idle sensing is performed, then the carrier c i Considered to be in T mc The interior is empty.

[0268] eNBs should not exceed the T values ​​given in Table 4. mcot,p The time period corresponding to c i ∈C,c i ≠c j Transmissions are performed continuously on the carrier. Here, the carrier c is used. j The channel access parameters determine T mcot,p The value of .

[0269] Type B1 will be described below.

[0270] For a set of carriers, maintain a single CW p value.

[0271] When CW p Determined for use as carrier c j When accessing the channel, step 2 described in the contention window adjustment process is modified as follows.

[0272] -If it corresponds to all carriers c i If at least Z = 80% of the HARQ-ACK values ​​in the reference subframe k ∈ C are determined to be NACK, then the process will CW pIncrease to the next highest allowed value of the corresponding priority p∈{1,2,3,4}. Otherwise, the process proceeds to step 1.

[0273] Type B2 will be described below.

[0274] The aforementioned contention window adjustment process is used for each carrier c. i ∈C independently maintains CW p .

[0275] When N init Determined for use as carrier c j When using carrier c j1 CW of ∈C p The value of c. Here, c j1 It is the carrier with the largest CW among all carriers in set c. p The carrier wave of the value.

[0276] The uplink channel access process will be described below.

[0277] The UE and eNB that schedule uplink transmissions for the UE need to perform the following procedures to access multiple channels that perform multiple transmissions for the UE.

[0278] The channel access procedure for uplink transmissions (multiple) will be described below.

[0279] The UE can access carriers performing uplink transmissions of (multiple) LAASCells according to either the Type 1 or Type 2 uplink channel access procedure. The Type 1 and Type 2 channel access procedures will be described later.

[0280] If the uplink clearance indication for scheduling PUSCH transmissions is a Type 1 channel access procedure, the UE needs to use a Type 1 channel access procedure to perform transmissions that include PUSCH transmissions, unless otherwise stated.

[0281] If the uplink clearance indication for scheduling PUSCH transmissions is a Type 2 channel access procedure, the UE needs to use the Type 2 channel access procedure to perform transmissions that include PUSCH transmissions, unless otherwise stated.

[0282] When a UE performs an SRS transmission that does not include a PUSCH transmission, the UE needs to use a Type 1 channel access procedure. The uplink channel access priority p=1 is used for SRS transmissions that do not include a PUSCH.

[0283] Table 6 shows the channel access priorities used for the uplink.

[0284] [Table 6]

[0285]

[0286] When the "UL Configuration for LAA" field is configured with "UL Offset" l and "UL Duration" d for subframe n,

[0287] If the end of UE transmission occurs within or before subframe n+1+d-1, then regardless of the channel access type signaled by the uplink for these subframes, the UE can transmit using channel access type 2 within subframe n+1+i, where i = 0, 1, ..., d-1.

[0288] When the UE uses PDCCH DCI format 0B / 4B and has already used a set of subframes n0, n1, ..., n w-1 The transmission including PUSCH was scheduled in subframe n k When the UE has not yet been connected to a channel for transmission, it needs to attempt to connect to the channel in subframe n according to the channel access type indicated in the DCI. k+1 Transmission takes place in the DCI. Here, k∈{0,1,…,w-2}, and w is the number of subframes scheduled as indicated in the DCI.

[0289] If the UE is scheduled to use one or more PDCCH DCI formats 0A / 0B / 4A / 4B in a set of subframes n0, n1, ..., n w-1 The transmission, including PUSCH, is performed without gaps and after a process of accessing the carrier in the uplink channel access procedure according to type 1 and type 2, in subframe n. k If the transmission is performed in n, then the UE can k Transmission continues in subsequent subframes. Here, k∈{0,1,…,w-1}.

[0290] If the start of a UE transmission in subframe n+1 immediately follows the end of a UE transmission in subframe n, the UE does not expect an indication of a different channel access type for transmissions in such subframes.

[0291] When the UE is scheduled to use one or more PDCCH DCI formats 0A / 0B / 4A / 4B in subframes n0, n1, ..., n w-1 The transmission is performed without gaps, and the subframe n of k1∈{0,1,…,w-2} has stopped. k1 Within or prior to the transmission, and sensing that the channel remains idle after the transmission has stopped, the UE can proceed in the next subframe n of k2∈{1,…,w-1}. k2 Transmission is performed using a Type 2 channel access procedure. If the channel sensed by the UE is not continuously idle after the UE stops transmitting, the UE can transmit in the next subframe n of k2∈{1,…,w-1}.k2 Using a subframe n k2 The uplink channel access priority type 1 channel access procedure indicated in the DCI is used to perform transmission.

[0292] If the UE receives UL clearance, the DCI instructs the PUSCH transmission to begin using a Type 1 channel access procedure in subframe n, and the UE has an ongoing Type 1 channel access procedure prior to subframe n.

[0293] - If the uplink channel access priority value p1 used for the continuous type 1 channel access procedure is equal to or greater than the uplink channel access priority value p2 indicated by the DCI, the UE can perform PUSCH transmission in response to UL permission by using the access carrier of the continuous type 1 channel access procedure.

[0294] - If the uplink channel access priority value p1 used for the continuous type 1 channel access procedure is less than the uplink channel access priority value p2 indicated by the DCI, then the UE needs to terminate the continuous channel access procedure.

[0295] If the UE is scheduled to perform a transmission on carrier set C in subframe n, the UL clearance indication for the PUSCH transmission on carrier set C is a type 1 channel access procedure, all carriers in carrier set C indicate the same "PUSCH start position", and the carrier frequencies of carrier set C are a subset of a predefined set of carrier frequencies.

[0296] - The UE can use the Type 2 channel access procedure on carrier c in the following situations. i The transfer is performed on ∈C.

[0297] --If it is immediately followed by the corresponding j Before UE transmission on carriers ∈C, i≠j, on carrier c i The above performs a type 2 channel access procedure, and

[0298] --When the UE has already accessed carrier c using the Type 1 channel access procedure j hour,

[0299] ---Here, before performing a Type 1 channel access procedure on any carrier in the carrier set C, carrier c j The UE selects carriers uniformly and randomly from the carrier set C.

[0300] When the eNB has already performed a transmission on a carrier according to a channel access procedure for transmissions including PDSCH / PDCCH / EPDCH(s), the eNB may instruct a Type 2 channel access procedure in the UL-licensed DCI that schedules transmissions including PUSCH(s) on the carrier in subframe n. Alternatively, when the eNB has already performed a transmission on a carrier according to a channel access procedure for transmissions including PDSCH / PDCCH / EPDCH(s), the eNB may instruct a Type 2 channel access procedure for transmissions including PUSCH(s) on the carrier to be performed in subframe n using the "UL Configuration of LAA" field. Alternatively, when subframe n starts at t0 and is at t0+T CO When generated within the end of the time interval, the eNB can schedule a transmission including PUSCH on the carrier in subframe n, which is connected by the eNB in ​​a time interval with T short_ul After a transmission on a carrier with a duration of 25 μs. Here, T CO =T mcot,p +T g ,

[0301] -t0 is the time when the eNB starts transmitting.

[0302] -T mcot,p The value is determined by the eNB, as described in the downlink channel access process.

[0303] -T g It is the total time interval of all gaps exceeding 25μs generated between downlink transmissions of the eNB and uplink transmissions scheduled by the eNB, as well as between any two uplink transmissions scheduled by the eNB starting from t0.

[0304] If continuous scheduling is possible, then the eNB needs to schedule in consecutive subframes at t0 and t0+T. CO Uplink transmission between them.

[0305] For eNB in ​​having T short_ul For uplink transmission on a carrier following a transmission on a carrier with a duration of 25 μs, the UE can use a type 2 channel access procedure.

[0306] If the eNB indicates in the DCI the type 2 channel access procedure for the UE, then the eNB indicates in the DCI the channel access priority for obtaining access to the channel.

[0307] The following section will describe the Type 1 uplink channel access procedure.

[0308] The channel is sensed first during the delay duration T. dAfter the UE becomes idle during the time slot duration and after counter N reaches 0 in step 4, it can perform a transmission using a Type 1 channel access procedure. The counter N is adjusted by sensing the channel with respect to the duration of (multiple) additional time slots, according to the following steps.

[0309] 1) Set N = N init Here, Ninit is uniformly distributed between 0 and CW. p Any number between 0 and 1. Then, the process proceeds to step 4.

[0310] 2) If N>0 and eNB selects a decrementing counter, then set N=N-1.

[0311] 3) If a channel with respect to the duration of the additional time slot is sensed and that additional time slot duration is idle, the process proceeds to step 4. Otherwise, the process proceeds to step 5.

[0312] 4) If N = 0, the process ends; otherwise, proceed to step 2.

[0313] 5) Sensing the channel until the additional delay duration T d A busy time slot is detected, or an additional delay duration T is sensed. d All time slots are idle until all time slots are available.

[0314] 6) If the channel is sensed during the additional delay duration T d If the process is idle for the duration of all time slots, it proceeds to step 4. Otherwise, it proceeds to step 5.

[0315] After step 4 of the above process, when the UE has not yet performed a transmission including PUSCH transmission on the carrier performing (multiple) LAA SCell transmissions, if the UE senses that the channel is at least T times the slot duration when it is ready to perform a transmission including PUSCH transmission... sl The channel is idle and the delay duration T immediately preceding the transmission including the PUSCH transmission is sensed. d If the UE is idle for all time slot durations, it can perform transmissions including PUSCH transmissions on the carrier. After the UE is ready to perform a transmission, if the UE has initially sensed the channel but has not sensed the channel for the duration T of the time slot... sl The channel is idle, or no delay duration T is sensed immediately preceding the expected transmission, including the PUSCH transmission. d If the channel is idle for any time slot duration, then the UE senses that the channel is idle for the delay duration T. d The time slot is idle for the duration of the time slot, and then proceeds to step 1.

[0316] Delay duration T d Configured to immediately follow the duration m of the consecutive time slots p The T after that f =16μs duration. Here, the duration of each time slot is T. sl =9μs, and T f Included in T f The duration T of the idle time slot at the starting point sl .

[0317] If the UE senses the channel during the time slot duration, and the power detected by the UE for at least 4 μs during the time slot duration is less than the energy detection threshold X Thresh Then the time slot duration T sl It is considered idle. Otherwise, the time slot duration T sl It is considered busy.

[0318] CW p (CW min,p ≤CW p ≤CW max,p (This is) a competitive window. CW p The adjustments will be described during the competition window adjustment process.

[0319] Select CW before step 1 above. min,p and CW max,p .

[0320] m p CW min,p and CW max,p The channel access priority is based on the signal sent to the UE, as shown in Table 4.

[0321] X Thresh The adaptation will be described later in the section on energy detection threshold adaptation.

[0322] The Type 2 UL channel access procedure will be described below.

[0323] If the uplink UE uses a type 2 channel access procedure for a transmission that includes PUSCH transmission, then immediately after sensing the channel at least T short_ul =25 25 is an idle period after which the UE can perform transmissions including PUSCH transmission. T short_ul Configured as T f =16μs duration, followed by T sl = 9μs one-shot duration, and T f Including T fThe duration T of the idle time slot at the starting point sl If the channel is at T short_ul If a channel is sensed as idle during the duration of a time slot, then the channel is considered to be in T. short_ul The interior is empty.

[0324] The competition window adjustment process will be described below.

[0325] If the UE performs transmission using a Type 1 channel access procedure associated with the channel access priority level p on the carrier, then prior to step 1 of the Type 1 uplink channel access procedure described above, the UE needs to use the following procedure to maintain the contention window value CW. p And adjust the CW used for these transmissions. p .

[0326] -If the NDI value for at least one HARQ procedure associated with HARQ_ID_ref is switched,

[0327] --then CW p =CW min,p It is set for all priorities p∈{1,2,3,4}.

[0328] -Conversely, CW p It is added to the next highest allowed value for all priorities p∈{1,2,3,4}.

[0329] HARQ_ID_ref is the reference subframe n ref The HARQ procedure ID of UL-SCH in the reference subframe n. ref It was determined as follows.

[0330] -When the UE is already in subframe n g When an uplink permission is received in subframe n w Subframe n of UL-SCH is transmitted during the UE access procedure using a Type 1 channel. g The nearest subframe before -3.

[0331] --If the UE is in subframe n0,n1,…,n w If a gapless transmission including UL-SCH is performed starting in subframe n0, then refer to subframe n. ref It is subframe n0,

[0332] --Conversely, refer to subframe n ref It is a subframe n w .

[0333] If the UE is scheduled to be in a set of subframes n0, n1, ..., n w-1If a Type 1 channel access procedure is used to perform a gapless transmission including PUSCH transmission, and no transmission including PUSCH transmission can be performed in the set of subframes, then the UE can maintain CW. p The value of , and does not change the CW of all priorities p∈{1,2,3,4}. p The value of .

[0334] If the reference subframe used for the final scheduling of the transmission is also n ref Then the UE can maintain the CW for all priorities p∈{1,2,3,4} using the Type 1 channel access procedure, just as in a transmission that includes the final scheduling of PUSCH transmissions. p The value of .

[0335] If CW p =CW max,p Then it is used for CW p The next maximum allowed value for adjustment is CW. max,p .

[0336] If CW p =CW max,p Used K times consecutively to generate N init This only applies to CW. p =CW max,p Used K times consecutively to generate N init The priority p will CW p Reset to CW min,p For each priority p ∈ {1, 2, 3, 4}, K is selected by UE from the set of values ​​in {1, 2, ..., 8}.

[0337] The energy detection threshold adaptation process will be described below.

[0338] UEs that have already accessed and are performing multiple transmissions on carriers of LAA SCell need to set the energy detection threshold X. Thresh Set below the maximum energy detection threshold X Thresh_max .

[0339] Determine X as follows Thresh_max .

[0340] - If the UE is configured by the higher-level parameter "maxEnergyDetectionThreshold-r14",

[0341] --then X Thresh_max It is set to the same value as the value signaled by the higher-level parameter.

[0342] -on the contrary,

[0343] --Then the UE needs to determine X' based on the default maximum energy detection threshold calculation process. Thresh_max This will be described later.

[0344] --If the UE is configured by the higher-level parameter "energyDetectionThresholdOffset-r14",

[0345] ---Then X Thresh_max X' is applied based on the offset value signaled by higher-level parameters. Thresh_max To set it up.

[0346] --on the contrary,

[0347] ---Then UE needs to set X Thresh_max =X' Thresh_max .

[0348] The calculation process for the default maximum energy detection threshold will be described below.

[0349] If the higher-level parameter "absenceOfAnyOtherTechnology-r14" indicates "true":

[0350] -Therefore, X' Thresh_max =min{T max +10dB,X r}

[0351] --X r This is the maximum energy detection threshold defined in dBm according to regulatory requirements. Conversely, X... r =T max +10dB.

[0352] on the contrary,

[0353] -then X' Thresh_max =max{-72+10*log10(BWMHz / 20MHz)dBm,min{T max ,T max -T A +(P H +10*log10(BWMHz / 20MHz)-P TX )}}

[0354] Here,

[0355] -T A =10dB

[0356] -P H =23dBm

[0357] -PTX Set to P CMAX_H,c .

[0358] -T max (dBm)=10*log10(3.16228*10 -8 (mW / MHz)*BWMHz(MHz))

[0359] --BWMHz is the bandwidth of a single carrier measured in MHz.

[0360] This disclosure will be described below.

[0361] With the increasing demand for greater communication capacity from various communication devices, the efficient use of limited frequency bands is becoming an increasingly important requirement for future wireless communication systems. Cellular communication systems (such as LTE / NR systems) are also considering using unlicensed frequency bands (such as the 2.4 GHz band commonly used by existing Wi-Fi systems or the emerging 5 GHz and 60 GHz bands) to reduce traffic load.

[0362] Figure 18 An example of a wireless communication system that supports license-free frequency bands is shown.

[0363] refer to Figure 18 Cells operating in licensed frequency bands (hereinafter also referred to as L-band) can be defined as L-cells, and the carrier of an L-cell can be referred to as (DL / UL)LCC. Furthermore, cells operating in unlicensed frequency bands (hereinafter also referred to as U-band) can be defined as U-cells, and the carrier of a U-cell can be referred to as (DL / UL)UCC. The carrier / carrier frequency of a cell can refer to the cell's operating frequency (e.g., center frequency). Cells / carriers (e.g., component carriers (CC)) can be collectively referred to as cells.

[0364] like Figure 18 As shown in (a), when the UE and the base station transmit and receive signals via LCC and UCC through carrier aggregation, the LCC can be set as the primary CC (PCC), and the UCC can be set as the secondary CC (SCC). Alternatively, as Figure 18 As shown in (b), the UE and the base station can transmit and receive signals through a single UCC or multiple UCCs via carrier aggregation. That is, without any LCCs, the UE and the base station can transmit and receive signals through only (multiple) UCCs.

[0365] In the following, the signal transmission / reception operations in the license-free band described above in this disclosure can be performed based on all the above deployment scenarios (unless otherwise stated).

[0366] In unlicensed frequency bands, it can be assumed that wireless transmission and reception are performed through contention between communication nodes. Therefore, each communication node is required to perform channel sensing before transmitting a signal to verify that no other communication node is currently transmitting a signal. For convenience, this operation is referred to as Listen-Before-Speak (LBT) or Channel Access Procedure (CAP).

[0367] Specifically, the operation of verifying whether different communication nodes are performing signal transmission is called carrier sensing (CS), and the determination that different communication nodes are not performing signal transmission is called verified free channel assessment (CCA).

[0368] In LTE / NR systems, base stations (eNBs) or UEs also need to perform License Bypass (LBT) for signal transmissions in the unlicensed band (U-band). When a base station or UE in an LTE / NR system transmits a signal, other communication nodes (such as Wi-Fi nodes) also need to perform LBT to avoid interference. For example, in the wireless standard (801.11ac), the Compatibility Channel Allocation (CCA) threshold is defined as -62dBm for non-Wi-Fi signals and -82dBm for Wi-Fi signals. That is, when receiving signals other than Wi-Fi signals at -62dBm or higher power, the station (STA, UE) or access point (AP) will not transmit a signal to avoid interference.

[0369] For a UE to transmit uplink data in a license-free frequency band, firstly, the base station needs to successfully perform UL-licensed transmission in the LBT (Local Level Bypass) within the license-free frequency band, and the UE also needs to successfully perform UL data transmission in the LBT. In other words, the UE can only attempt UL data transmission if both the base station's and UE's LBTs are successful.

[0370] Furthermore, in LTE systems, a delay of at least 4 milliseconds is required between UL licensing and the UL data scheduled through UL licensing. Therefore, if different transmission nodes coexisting in the license-free band achieve access first during their respective time periods, the scheduled UL data transmission may be delayed. For this reason, a method for improving the efficiency of UL data transmission in license-free bands is being discussed.

[0371] In LTE licensed-assisted access (LAA), the base station can report autonomous uplink (AUL) allowed / available subframes or time slots to the UE via an X-bit bitmap (e.g., X = 40 bits), and thus the base station can report autonomous UL transmissions of UL data to the UE without UL permission.

[0372] When an Automatic Transmission Activation (Automatic Tx Activation) indication is received, the UE can transmit uplink data in a subframe or time slot indicated by the bitmap without UL permission. Just as the base station transmits the PDCCH as scheduling information required for decoding, the UE can transmit the AUL UCI as information required by the base station for decoding the PUSCH when transmitting the PUSCH in the AUL when transmitting the PUSCH.

[0373] AUL UCI can include information required to receive AUL PUSCH, such as HARQ ID, new data indicator (NDI), redundancy version (RV), start AUL subframe (SF) location, last AUL SF location, and information for UE-initiated COTs to be shared with the base station.

[0374] Specifically, sharing a UE-initiated COT with the base station refers to the following operation, which enables the UE to transmit some of the occupied channels to the base station through a random backoff category 4 LBT (or type 1 channel access procedure), and enables the base station to send the PDCCH (and / or PDSCH) in a one-shot LBT of 25 microseconds when the channel is idle (using the time interval provided by the UE clearing the last symbol).

[0375] In NR, in order to support UL transmission with relatively high reliability and low latency, the base station also supports time-domain, frequency-domain and code-domain resources as configuration license type 1 (hereinafter also referred to as type 1) and configuration license type 2 (hereinafter also referred to as type 2) configured for the UE through i) higher-layer signals (e.g., RRC signaling) or ii) a combination of higher-layer signals and L1 (physical layer) signals (e.g., DCI).

[0376] The UE can perform UL transmissions using resources configured as Type 1 or Type 2 without receiving UL clearance from the base station. For Type 1, in the absence of L1 signaling, all permitted time periods, offsets relative to system frame number (SFN) = 0, time / frequency resource allocation, repetition count, DMRS parameters, modulation and coding scheme (MCS) / transport block size (TBS), power control parameters, etc., can be configured using only higher-layer signals (such as RRC signaling). For Type 2, the permitted time periods and power control parameters are configured via higher-layer signals (such as RRC signaling), and remaining resource information (e.g., initial transmission timing offset, time / frequency resource allocation, DMRS parameters, MCS / TBS, etc.) is indicated by the active DCI as an L1 signal.

[0377] In the HARQ-ACK feedback transmission method, the licensing methods for the configuration of AUL and NR of LTE LAA are significantly different for PUSCH transmitted by a UE without UL license and for the presence or absence of UCI transmitted with the PUSCH.

[0378] Regarding the HARQ-ACK feedback transmission method, in LTE LAA, explicit HARQ-ACK feedback information is sent via AUL-Downlink Feedback Information (DFI), while the HARQ procedure is (implicitly) determined using symbol index, symbol period, and as many equations as the number of HARQ procedures in the NR configuration's licensing method.

[0379] Regarding the UCI transmitted along with the PUSCH, in LTE LAA, information including the HARQ ID, NDI, and RV is transmitted as the AUL-UCI whenever an AUL PUSCH is sent. In the licensing method configured for NR, the time / frequency resources and DMRS resources used by the UE for PUSCH transmission are used to identify / identify the UE. However, in LTE LAA, the UE is identified / identified using DMRS resources and the UE ID explicitly included in the AUL-UCI transmitted along with the PUSCH.

[0380] This disclosure presents a method for allocating time-domain resources considering multiple parameter sets, and a method for sending an acknowledgment message after receiving an activation indication from the base station when the base station configures a license for the UE in a license-free frequency band. Additionally, this disclosure presents HARQ-ACK feedback timing for the base station for UL bursts (data) transmitted by the UE, UCI content, UCI mapping methods, and a method for supporting automatic retransmission in the absence of UL license.

[0381] In the following text, for convenience, the license for configuration in the license-free band is abbreviated as CGU, and the uplink control information (UCI) and downlink feedback information (DFI) that function similarly to AUL-UCI and AUL-DFI in CGU are referred to as CGU-UCI and CGU-DFI, respectively.

[0382] <3.1 Methods for configuring CGU resource allocation, activating confirmation message transmission, and autonomous retransmission>

[0383] [Proposed Method #1] A method for configuring or interpreting bitmaps differently based on parameter sets when time-domain resources used for CGU-PUSCH transmission are allocated by bitmaps.

[0384] Similar to LTE AUL, time slots capable of CGU-PUSCH transmission can also be configured in the bitmap of the CGU. For example, by defining 0 and 1 as time slots capable of CGU-PUSCH transmission and time slots that cannot be transmitted, respectively, a five-bit bitmap [0 1 10 1] can be configured for the UE via a higher-layer signal (e.g., an RRC signal). When a time slot is 1ms, the bitmap can be repeatedly applied according to a 5ms time period (i.e., subcarrier spacing (SCS) = 15kHz), and the UE can transmit CGU-PUSCH in a time slot set to 1.

[0385] Possible approaches include either initially configuring the bitmap based on the initial bandwidth portion (BWP) or the default SCS parameter set and interpreting the bitmap granularity differently depending on the changes in the SCS caused by changes in the BWP, or configuring the bits separately for each SCS.

[0386] For example, when the SCS increases to 30 kHz, each bit of the five-bit bitmap can be interpreted for two time slots. Alternatively, the base station can configure the bitmap (e.g., a 10-bit bitmap) for the 30 kHz SCS separately from the bitmap used for the 15 kHz SCS. As mentioned above, the base station can allow the UE to interpret the initially configured bitmap differently depending on the SCS, or it can configure separate bitmaps of different sizes for each SCS (the number of bits can be changed depending on the SCS). Alternatively, the base station can indicate to the UE the method to use (interpreting the bitmap differently depending on the SCS or providing separate bitmaps for each SCS).

[0387] [Proposed Method #2] The method is as follows: In this method, when the rescheduling UL permission or HARQ-ACK feedback result via CGU-DFI is not indicated until slot X of the HARQ procedure transmitted by the UE via CGI-PUSCH is indicated, the UE autonomously performs a retransmission.

[0388] In LTE LAA, the UE autonomously performs a retransmission when i) it receives a NACK feedback via AUL-DFI or ii) it does not receive a rescheduled UL permission and AUL-DFI until subframe X concerning the HARQ procedure sent via AUL-PUSCH.

[0389] Similarly, in the CGU, the UE can autonomously perform a retransmission when the time slot X of the HARQ process transmitted via CGU-PUSCH indicates a UL permission for rescheduling via CGU-DFI or a HARQ-ACK feedback result. Here, X can be a fixed value or a value that can be set by the base station. Furthermore, X can be set for each UE according to a parameter set, or the fixed value set for X can be interpreted and applied differently depending on the parameter set. For example, when X is set to 6 according to SCS = 15kHz, X can be interpreted and applied as 12 when SCS = 30kHz. Alternatively, X for SCS = 30kHz can be set separately for the UE from X for SCS = 15kHz.

[0390] [Proposed Method #3] is as follows: In this method, the UE sends an acknowledgment message to the base station by performing an LBT with a low CCA threshold or no CCA within the base station's COT, so as to quickly respond to the reception of the CGU-activated DCI.

[0391] In LTE AUL, resource allocation and activation can be performed using a combination of RRC signals (as higher-layer signals) and activation DCI (as L1 signals). In response to the reception of the activation DCI, the UE sends an acknowledgment message to the base station. However, there is a possibility that LBT (Local Bit Transfer) used for this transmission may be delayed or fail due to channel occupancy by different nodes, etc.

[0392] Similar to AUL, CGU can also be configured as a combination of RRC signal and activated DCI. Here, the acknowledgment message can be configured to be transmitted immediately without LBT when it is sent by increasing the CCA threshold or by sharing the COT of the base station within the CO, in order to increase the LBT success rate of the acknowledgment message used to activate DCI. Alternatively, when a PUSCH sharing the COT exists before CGU-PUSCH transmission, the acknowledgment message can be sent via PUCCH by adding the corresponding acknowledgment bit to the UCI payload. As described above, when the CCA threshold used to send the acknowledgment message is set higher than the CCA threshold used for other transmissions or when transmission is performed without LBT in the CCA, the acknowledgment message can be sent with a short delay time and a high transmission probability.

[0393] [Proposed Method #9] is as follows: When a base station indicates data scheduling in multiple CGU time slots (or CGU TTIs) to a UE using a time resource allocation method based on a licensing method configured according to NR-U, the method allocates multiple time slots or time resources for each time slot for CGU-PUSCH transmission using at least one of the following methods, wherein the time resource allocation method is an application of the time resource allocation method based on the licensing method configured according to NR.

[0394] (1) Option 1

[0395] A. The base station indicates a single combination of a start symbol index and a length or duration (e.g., {S0, L0}), and the UE interprets this information as follows.

[0396] i. This can be interpreted as each CGU time slot being allocated (continuous) time resources starting from S0 and having a length of L0.

[0397] ii. It can be assumed that CGU-PUSCH is transmitted for each time slot in the time resource.

[0398] (2) Option 2

[0399] A. The base station may indicate a single combination of a start symbol index and a length or duration (e.g., {S0, L0}), and the UE may interpret this information as follows.

[0400] i. can be interpreted as allocating (continuous) time resources from S0 in the first CGU time slot to E0 in the last CGU time slot (if L0 is positive).

[0401] ii. This can be interpreted as allocating (continuous) time resources from E0 in the first CGU time slot to S0 in the last CGU time slot (if L0 is negative).

[0402] iii. E0 refers to the index of the end symbol, and E0 = S0 + L0.

[0403] iv. It can be assumed that CGU-PUSCH is transmitted for each time slot in the time resource.

[0404] (3) Option 3

[0405] A. The base station may indicate a single combination of start symbol index and length (e.g., {S0, L0}) and mirroring (e.g., on / off) information, and the UE may interpret this information as follows.

[0406] i. can be interpreted as allocating (continuous) time resources from S0 in the first CGU time slot to E0 in the last CGU time slot (if mirroring is off).

[0407] ii. This can be interpreted as allocating (continuous) time resources from E0 in the first CGU time slot to S0 in the last CGU time slot (if mirroring is enabled).

[0408] iii. E0 refers to the index of the end symbol, and E0 = S0 + L0.

[0409] iv. It can be assumed that CGU-PUSCH is transmitted for each time slot in the time resource.

[0410] (4) Option 4

[0411] A. The base station can indicate N combinations of the start symbol index and length of N CGU slots (e.g., {S0, L0}, {S1, L1}, ..., {SN-1, LN-1}), and the UE can interpret this information as follows.

[0412] This can be interpreted as follows: every nth CGU time slot (n = 0, 1, ..., N-1) is allocated from S n Start and have L n The length of (continuous) time resources.

[0413] ii. It can be assumed that CGU-PUSCH transmission occurs for each CGU slot in the time resource.

[0414] (5) Option 5

[0415] A. The base station indicates a single combination of a start symbol index and a length or duration (e.g., {S0, L0}), and the UE interprets this information as follows.

[0416] i. can be interpreted as allocating time resources starting from S0 in the first CGU time slot and having a length that is a multiple of L0.

[0417] ii. It can be assumed that there is a CGU-PUSCH transmission per L0 in the time resource.

[0418] (6) Option 6

[0419] A. The base station indicates a single combination of a start symbol index and a length or duration (e.g., {S0, L0}), and the UE interprets this information as follows.

[0420] i. can be interpreted as allocating (continuous) time resources from S0 in the first CGU time slot to E0 in the last CGU time slot.

[0421] ii. E0 refers to the index of the end symbol, and E0 = S0 + L0 mod S. S refers to the number of symbols in the time slot, and S0 + L0 can be assigned as S or greater.

[0422] iii. It can be assumed that CGU-PUSCH transmission occurs for each CGU slot in the time resource.

[0423] After allocating transmission resources for each time slot, the data scheduling in the multiple CGU time slots (or CGU TTIs) mentioned above can be applied to the corresponding time slots.

[0424] The base station may support one or more of the aforementioned options and may indicate information about the option actually used to the UE via higher-layer signals and / or DCI.

[0425] When a base station indicates a single or multiple combinations of start symbol index and length to a UE, the base station can configure candidate groups of (multiple) combinations via higher-layer signals (such as RRC signaling) and can then indicate one of the candidate groups via DCI.

[0426] In the AUL of the LTE LAA system, a time-domain resource allocation method can be used, which configures the transmission of AUL-PUSCH subframes via a 40-bit RRC bitmap. In the NR-U system, CGU-PUSCH time resources can be allocated in bitmap format as in AUL, but CGU-PUSCH time resources can also be allocated using the time-domain resource allocation method specified in the NR configuration license.

[0427] NR configuration licensing is primarily divided into Type 1 and Type 2. In Type 1, time-frequency resources are allocated solely through RRC configuration. In Type 2, time-frequency resources are allocated through a combination of RRC configuration and DCI activation. However, both types essentially share the same time resource allocation method, where time resources are allocated by indicating / configuring time slots configured with an offset relative to SFN=0, the start symbol in the time slot, and the transmission length based on the symbol-based time period value T and the repetition K per subcarrier spacing (SCS), as well as the parameters 'timeDomainAllocation' and 'timeDomainOffset'.

[0428] For example, based on a 15kHz subcarrier spacing, when the offset is 0 and the period is T=56, K=2, S=3, and L=6, which is 4*14, the configured permitted resource time slots are time slot 1, time slot 2, time slot 5, time slot 6, time slot 9, time slot 10, etc., and six symbol resources from the third symbol in the corresponding time slot can be used for transmission.

[0429] The SLIV value indicated / configured by 'timeDomainAllocation' is defined as a predefined combination of the start symbol and the transmission length / duration. If the licensed time resource allocation method configured by NR is applied to CGU-PUSCH, it is necessary to interpret the S and L indicated by SLIV differently, taking into account the characteristics of NR-U systems operating in unlicensed bands.

[0430] For example, when consecutive time slots are allocated for CGU-PUSCH, NR PUSCH can transmit using only L symbols starting from symbol S in the time slot instead of all symbols in that time slot. Therefore, if transmission is completed before the last symbol of a time slot, transmission can only continue if Category 4LBT is performed again and Category 4LBT succeeds in the starting symbol of the next continuing time slot.

[0431] After allocating consecutive transmission time slot resources by repeating K or by allocating transmission time slot resources by separate per-slot allocation methods, the time resources for CGU-PUSCH in a single time slot or in N consecutive time slots can be allocated using the options described above. That is, the combination of the index of the start symbol in the CGU-PUSCH transmission time slot and the length of (consecutive) data transmission (based on the start symbol) can be indicated by the SLIV value (this method may be referred to as the SLIV method below).

[0432] When multi-TTI scheduling is indicated in the NR unlicensed band (U band) according to embodiments of this disclosure, the resource allocation method for a single time slot can also be widely applied to methods for allocating time resources across multiple time slots.

[0433] In one example, the base station indicates a single combination of the starting symbol index and length (e.g., {S0, L0}), and the UE can broadly interpret this information as allocating (continuous) time resources from S0 in the first TTI to E0 in the last TTI (Option 1). Here, E0 is S0+L, which can refer to the last symbol index.

[0434] An aspect to consider further is that, since the start symbol index and the last symbol index indicated by SLIV are values ​​used for data transmission in the same time slot (or the same TTI), the usual relationship of last symbol index > start symbol index is always established. However, since in the extended resource allocation method used for multi-TTI scheduling, the start symbol index is only applied to the first TTI and the last symbol index is only applied to the last TTI, the relationship of last symbol index ≤ start symbol index can also be established.

[0435] To express this relationship in the SLIV method, one could consider indicating a length with a negative value (Option 2) or performing a mirror, such that the start symbol index and the last symbol index are applied to the last TTI and the first TTI, respectively (Option 3).

[0436] Figure 19 This demonstrates a method for allocating time resources across multiple time periods (TTIs) based on the SLIV method according to mirroring on / off.

[0437] refer to Figure 19 The UE can interpret the allocation of (continuous) time resources from the start symbol index in the first TTI to the last symbol index in the last TTI (if mirroring is indicated as "off"). The UE can also interpret the allocation of (continuous) time resources from the last symbol index in the first TTI to the start symbol index in the last TTI (if mirroring is indicated as "on"). In other words, which of the first and last TTIs the start and last symbol indices are applied to can vary depending on the mirroring settings.

[0438] Alternatively, a general approach can be considered, in which the base station indicates N combinations of the start symbol index and length of N TTIs (e.g., {S0, L0}, {S1, L1}, ..., {S N-1 ,L N-1 (Option 4). The base station can configure (multiple) combined candidate groups via higher-level signals such as RRC signaling, and can then indicate one of the candidate groups via DCI.

[0439] [Proposed Method #10] The CGU time resource allocation method is a combination / hybrid of the bitmap-based per-slot time resource allocation method configured by RRC and proposed Method #9.

[0440] (1) All symbols in the time slots configured as CGU time slots in the bitmap and all symbols in a single time slot or multiple time slots allocated by the proposed method #9 can be allocated as CGU transmission time resources.

[0441] (2) Only symbols in the intersection of a time slot configured as a CGU time slot in the bitmap and a single or multiple time slots allocated by the proposed method #9 can be allocated as CGU transmission time resources.

[0442] Here, as in proposed method #1, a per-slot time resource allocation based on the bitmap can be configured for each parameter set, or a bit of the bitmap (each bit) can be interpreted differently depending on the parameter set.

[0443] Since time resources can be allocated for each time slot via a bitmap configured via RRC, the time slots capable of transmitting CGU-PUSCH can be determined. Furthermore, through the options proposed in method #9, single or multiple time slots and symbol unit time resources can be allocated in each time slot. Therefore, by combining or mixing these two methods, as in method (1), all symbols in a time slot allocated by these two resource allocation methods, or some symbols in a time slot, can be used as CGU-PUSCH transmission resources. Alternatively, as in method (2), when time resources are allocated by these two resource allocation methods, only time slots indicated / configured as transmission resources by either of these two resource allocation methods, or some symbols in that time slot, can be used as CGU-PUSCH transmission resources.

[0444] [Proposed Method #11] is as follows: In this method, the UE indicates that the feedback result was not received by the base station via CGU-PUSCH and requests feedback on the HARQ process transmitted via CGU-PUSCH (when there is no indication of UL permission or HARQ-ACK feedback result via CGU-DFI for a certain period of time).

[0445] In this method, if no UL permission for retransmission or feedback is received via CGU-DFI within a certain time period after sending a CGU-PUSCH about the HARQ procedure configured via CGU using the configured time-frequency resources, the UE indicates that no feedback was received from the base station when sending subsequent CGU-PUSCHes, thereby triggering feedback.

[0446] This time period can be a predefined time or a value that can be set / indicated by the base station, and whenever CGU-PUSCH is subsequently sent, information indicating that no feedback has been received can be sent to the base station via CGU-UCI.

[0447] Specifically, in the case of AUL in an LTE LAA system (where UE i) receives NACK feedback via AUL-DFI or ii) UE autonomously performs retransmission via AUL-PUSCH until subframe X of the HARQ procedure sent via AUL-PUSCH receives a rescheduled UL permission and AUL-DFI), UE may indicate that feedback has not yet been received via CGU-PUSCH sent after time slot Y (or Y ms), and UE may request feedback if it fails to receive feedback, CGU-DFI, or retransmission UL permission from the base station within time slot Y (or Y ms) after sending CGU-PUSCH.

[0448] [Proposed Method #12] The method is as follows: In this method, when the UE is instructed on the data scheduling in multiple CGU time slots through the permitted time resource allocation method configured by NR-U, the base station configures and indicates the multiple time slots or the time resources of each time slot for CGU-PUSCH transmission through higher layer signals (e.g., RRC signaling), physical layer signals (e.g., DCI), or a combination thereof (e.g., configuring and indicating a bitmap of X bits used to indicate the time slots that can be used for CGU transmission and CGU-PUSCH transmission units (2-symbols, 7-symbols, or 14-symbols) in the time slots).

[0449] As in the proposed method #1, an X-bit bitmap can be configured for each parameter set (e.g., subcarrier spacing), or each bit of the bitmap can be interpreted differently depending on the parameter set.

[0450] Similar to the time resource allocation method in AUL in LTE, the base station can configure CGU time slots capable of CGU-PUSCH transmission using an X-bit bitmap via higher-layer signals (e.g., RRC signaling). The CGU time slots corresponding to the bitmap configuration can repeat periodically.

[0451] The bitmap can be interpreted differently depending on the subcarrier spacing (SCS) of the CGU-PUSCH, or the bitmap can be configured for each SCS (see proposed method #1). Moreover, the transmission units (e.g., 2-symbol, 7-symbol, or 14-symbol) of the CGU-PUSCH to be transmitted in the CGU slot can be indicated and configured by i) physical layer signals (such as DCI), ii) RRC signals, or iii) combinations thereof.

[0452] For example, one of the 2-symbol, 7-symbol, or 14-symbol can be indicated by a specific 2-bit field in the CGU-activated DCI. Here, 2, 7, and 14 can correspond to a divisor of the number of symbols included in the time slot. If the number of symbols in the time slot changes, the CGU-PUSCH transmission unit can be defined as a divisor of the number of symbols in the time slot.

[0453] For example, when a CGU-PUSCH transmission unit is configured or indicated as 2-symbol, seven 2-symbol PUSCHs can be transmitted in each CGU time slot in the bitmap. When the transmission unit is configured as 7-symbol, two 7-symbol PUSCHs can be transmitted in each CGU time slot, and when the transmission unit is configured as 14-symbol, one PUSCH can be transmitted in each CGU time slot. When the transmission unit is 14-symbol, if the UE performs LBT at the time slot boundary of the CGU time slot but fails, the PUSCH transmission in the CGU time slot is discarded, and the UE can wait until the next configured CGU time slot and can attempt to retransmit the PUSCH.

[0454] However, in the case of 2-symbol or 7-symbol units, dropping can be performed based on each symbol in the CGU time slot. Therefore, in the case of 2-symbol units, there may be 7 opportunities to attempt PUSCH transmission within a time slot. Thus, a transmission unit in each time slot can be considered as multiple (PUSCH) start positions, at which the UE can perform transmission when LBT is successful. This time resource allocation method not only allows for flexible configuration of CGU time slots but also provides the UE with multiple opportunities to attempt LBT or transmission within a time slot.

[0455] [Proposed Method #13] is a method for allocating multiple CGU time slots and symbol unit resources in each time slot by combining / mixing a bitmap-based per-slot time resource allocation method configured via RRC and a permitted periodic time resource allocation method configured with SLIV and NR.

[0456] (1) CGU time slots can be allocated by sending an X-bit bitmap indicating the time slots that can be transmitted via higher-layer signals (e.g., RRC signaling).

[0457] (2) CGU-PUSCH transmission symbols can be allocated within a time slot assigned as a CGU time slot using (i) configured or indicated SLIV and (ii) periodicity.

[0458] (3) When allocating consecutive CGU time slots via a bitmap, CGU-PUSCH transmission symbols can be allocated without gaps, starting from the start symbol S indicated by SLIV in the first time slot of the consecutive time slot, to S+L in the last time slot. For example, the start symbol S can be determined based on the symbol in the first time slot, and S+L can be determined based on the symbol in the last time slot.

[0459] As in proposed method #1, a bitmap of X bits can be configured for each parameter set, or each bit of the bitmap can be interpreted differently depending on the parameter set. For example, assume that the time slot corresponding to the bit indicated by 1 in the bitmap is a time slot capable of CGU transmission, the periodicity is 7-symbol, the start symbol S indicated by SLIV is symbol #1, and the duration is indicated by L = 5.

[0460] Figure 20 The case of non-contiguous CGU time slots configured by a bitmap is shown.

[0461] refer to Figure 20 Starting with frame symbol #1, a CGU symbol of length 5 as indicated by SLIV is located in time slot 131, which is configured as a CGU time slot. Symbols #8 to #12 in the same time slot due to the periodicity of 7 are also assigned as CGUPUSCH transmission symbols. When LBT is attempted in symbol #1 of CGU time slot 131 and LBT is successfully performed, the UE can use 12 symbols from symbol #1 to symbol #12 to transmit CGU-PUSCH (CGU-PUSCH #1).

[0462] In this configuration, based on half-slots, symbols #1 to #6 can be configured as a single transport block (TB), and symbols #7 to #12 can be configured as different TBs. If the LBT fails in symbol #1, the UE can retry the LBT in symbol #8, which serves as the next starting position. If the LBT succeeds in symbol #8, the UE can use the five symbols from symbol #8 to symbol #12 to transmit CGU-PUSCH (CGU-PUSCH #2).

[0463] Figure 21 This illustrates the case where two consecutive CGU time slots are allocated using a bitmap.

[0464] refer to Figure 21Two consecutive CGU time slots can be allocated via a bitmap. In this case, when LBT succeeds in symbol #1 143 of the first CGU time slot 141, the UE can use all symbols from symbol #1 143 of the first time slot to symbol #5 144 of the second CGU time slot 142 corresponding to S+L to send CGU-PUSCH (CGU-PUSCH#1).

[0465] If LBT fails in symbol #1 143 of the first CGU time slot 141, the UE can retry LBT in symbol #8 145, which serves as the next start position. If LBT succeeds in symbol #8 145, the UE can use all symbols from symbol #8 145 of the first CGU time slot 141 to symbol #5 144 of the second CGU time slot 142 to transmit CGU-PUSCH (CGUPUSCH#2). If LBT fails at either start position of the first CGU time slot 141, the UE can retry LBT in symbol #1 146 of the second CGU time slot 142. If LBT succeeds in symbol #1 146 of the second CGU time slot 142, the UE can use symbols from symbol #1 146 to symbol #5 144 of the second CGU time slot 142 to transmit CGU-PUSCH (CGU PUSCH#3).

[0466] Figure 22 This illustrates another case where two consecutive CGU time slots are allocated using a bitmap.

[0467] refer to Figure 22 CGU-PUSCH (CGU-PUSCH#1) can also be sent in the last time slot 152 of consecutive CGU time slots 151 and 152 using all CGU resource symbols allocated according to SLIV and periodically.

[0468] When consecutive CGU time slots are allocated and CGU-PUSCH is transmitted using CGU resource symbols without gaps, the UE can transmit CGU-PUSCH by configuring an independent TB with half-time slot boundaries to avoid ambiguity with the base station.

[0469] <3.2 Method for setting the timeline between CGU-PUSCH and CGU-DFI>

[0470] [Proposed Method #4] The method is as follows: In this method, based on the UE capability information (N1 and N2) values ​​reported by the UE, the base station explicitly sets the time relationship between the CGU-PUSCH and the HARQ-ACK included in the CGU-DFI transmitted without permission.

[0471] The UE can first report its processing time-related capability values ​​N1 and N2 to the base station. Here, N1 can be the symbol-based time from receiving the PDSCH to sending the PUCCH, and N2 can be the symbol-based time from receiving the PDCCH to sending the PUSCH. Taking into account the UE's processing time capability and timing advance (TA), the base station can indicate to the UE the time slot-based time K1 for sending the PUCCH after receiving the PDSCH and the time slot-based time K2 for sending the PUSCH after receiving the PDCCH.

[0472] In LTE LAA, the UE may not expect the AUL-DFI to include HARQ-ACK feedback on the AUL-PUSCH transmitted in subframe n before subframe n+4. Similar to AUL-DFI, the base station can send HARQ-ACK feedback to the UE via CGU-DFI regarding CGU-PUSCH transmitted by the UE using resources configured without permission. Here, the base station can configure the relationship between the HARQ-ACK included in the CGU-DFI and when the PUSCH is transmitted for the UE. The timeline between CGU-DFI and CGU-PUSCH can be set by the base station for the UE using arbitrary values, or it can be set by the base station based on the capability information reported by the UE as described above (e.g., min(K1,K2), min(K1), or min(K2), where min(X,Y) refers to the minimum of X and Y, and min(X) refers to the minimum of value X). Furthermore, when no timeline settings for DFI and PUSCH are received from the base station, the UE can operate with assumed default values ​​(e.g., four time slots).

[0473] Figure 23 A method for a UE to transmit data in a license-free frequency band is illustrated according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0474] refer to Figure 23 The UE receives timeline information from the base station regarding the time relationship between the time point indicating the transmission of the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) and the time point indicating the ACK / NACK information of the PUSCH (S1210).

[0475] The UE transmits data to the base station via the PUSCH (specifically CGU-PUSCH) in the unlicensed frequency band (S1220). The resources used to transmit the PUSCH may be resources configured by higher-layer signals without uplink license, or ii) resources configured by a combination of higher-layer signals and uplink license.

[0476] The UE receives acknowledgment / denial (ACK / NACK) information from the base station in the license-free band (S1230). The ACK / NACK information can be received as the aforementioned CGU-DFI.

[0477] Although Figure 23 Not shown, but the method may also include sending capability information related to the UE's processing time to the base station. The capability information can be sent upon request from the base station (i.e., the network).

[0478] As described above, the capability information may include information indicating the first time N1 spent by the UE to send the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) after receiving the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) and the second time N2 spent by the UE to send the PUSCH after receiving the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH).

[0479] The base station can determine timeline information based on capability information. Specifically, timeline information can indicate at what point in time the data for which its ACK / NACK information was received has been sent, based on a first time K1 spent by the UE sending PUCCH after receiving PDSCH and a second time K2 spent by the UE sending PUSCH after receiving PDCCH. The first and second times can be times within a time slot. The timeline information can indicate the smaller value of the first time K1 and the second time K2.

[0480] The timeline information can be based on the first time slot (K1) spent by the UE in sending PUCCH after receiving PDSCH, the second time slot (K2) spent by the UE in sending PUSCH after receiving PDCCH, the first time (N1) spent by the UE in sending PUCCH after receiving PDSCH, and the second time slot (N2) spent by the UE in sending PUSCH after receiving PDCCH to indicate at what point in time the data whose ACK / NACK information was received has been sent.

[0481] Alternatively, timeline information can be based on the value of a function of at least one of a first time K1 in timeslots, a second time K2 in timeslots, a first time N1 in symbols, and a second time N2 in symbols to indicate at which point in time the data whose ACK / NACK information was received has been sent.

[0482] The timeline information can be interpreted differently depending on the parameter set, or it can be assigned a separate value. For example, when the timeline information is set to a value of 6 based on SCS = 15kHz, it can be interpreted as having a value of 12 for applications with SCS = 30kHz. Alternatively, the UE can be given a separate value for the timeline information at SCS = 30kHz from the value used for the timeline information at SCS = 15kHz.

[0483] Timeline information can indicate values ​​shorter than 4 milliseconds (msec). That is, depending on its capabilities, future UEs can have processing times shorter than the current 4 milliseconds, and therefore timeline information can indicate values ​​shorter than 4 milliseconds.

[0484] In examples applying this disclosure, multiple data points can be transmitted to a base station via PUSCH at multiple time points within a license-free frequency band, and ACK / NACK information for at least one of the multiple data points can be received from the base station within the license-free frequency band. In this case, the timeline information can indicate which of the multiple data points the ACK / NACK information pertains to.

[0485] Figure 24 The application is shown. Figure 23 Specific examples of the method.

[0486] The base station can perform the LBT procedure (S141), and then provide the UE with CGU activation information and / or CGU configuration information (S142). The CGU activation information and / or CGU configuration information can indicate, for example, the subframe or time slot used to transmit the CGU, and can include an X-bit bitmap. The CGU subframe or CGU time slot can be indicated by the bitmap. The CGU activation information and / or CGU configuration information can also include the aforementioned timeline information.

[0487] When the UE receives an indication to activate CGU transmission, the UE can transmit uplink data in the CGU subframe or CGU slot indicated by the bitmap without UL permission (S144 and S146). Here, the UE may need to perform the LBT procedure before CGU transmission (S143 and S145).

[0488] After this, the UE can receive ACK / NACK information for the PUSCH (CGU-PUSCH) from the base station (S148). In this case, the UE can know the time point of receiving the ACK / NACK information or which CGU-PUSCH the ACK / NACK information is about based on the timeline information.

[0489] <3.3 CGU-UCI Content and Mapping Methods>

[0490] [Proposed Method #5] includes information such as UL power or CCA threshold for UE transmission in the CGU-UCI content and uses this information when sharing a UE-initiated COT.

[0491] For example, if UE A sends CGU-PUSCH with uplink transmission power P1 and shares the COT obtained through LBT with the base station, the base station can attempt to send PDSCH to UE B within the shared COT of the UEs. In this case, when the CGU-UCI includes power-related information (such as UE A's uplink transmission power or CCA threshold) so that the base station can know that UE A is a cell-edge UE and therefore has a large uplink transmission power P1, the base station can adjust the CCA threshold to send PDSCH to different distant UEs within the shared CCA.

[0492] In another example, when a UE relatively close to the base station transmits CGU-PUSCH at low power, the downlink transmission power of the base station performing transmissions in a shared COT may need to be set to be less than or equal to the UE's transmission power. Here, when the UE's uplink transmission power is a specific value X or less, the base station may not perform downlink transmissions even if a COT sharing indication is received.

[0493] When a UE sends a CGU-PUSCH, if the threshold used for LBT is related to the UL power level and the UE's UL power used for transmission is low, then this power will only affect nodes within a relatively narrow range or nodes relatively close to the UE. Therefore, the CCA threshold is set relatively high. Specifically, the UE can divide its power level into non-contiguous Y-orders and can report the maximum power level less than the UL power for transmission via CGU-UCI. For example, if the UE's UL power can be reported via two fields included in CGU-UCI, the UE can compare its UL power with four non-contiguous power levels configured / indicated by the base station, select the maximum power level less than its own power, and signal the maximum value to the base station.

[0494] [Proposed Method #6] A method for using information related to NR UCI when NR UCI (e.g., HARQ-ACK) is mounted on CGU-PUSCH by adding information to the content of CGU-UCI.

[0495] In NR, when HARQ-ACK is carried on a PUSCH, it can be punctured or rate-matched depending on the payload size. Specifically, in the case of rate-matched HARQ-ACK, problems may arise when decoding the entire PUSCH if the base station misidentifies whether to apply the operation. Therefore, UL clearance indicates helpful information (e.g., HARQ-ACK payload size). Here, when UL clearance is sent in the form of fallback DCI, no helpful information is indicated, and thus the UE can autonomously determine whether to carry HARQ-ACK (e.g., depending on whether at least one PDSCH is received).

[0496] However, in the CGU, since DL clearances are likely to be missed due to LBT failures and interference from other nodes, and transmissions are performed without UL clearances, the help information shown above cannot be indicated. In this case, it may not be expected that the UE will autonomously determine whether to perform HARQ-ACK rate matching as it does in the NR. Therefore, it is worth considering signaling this to the CGU-UCI by adding information related to the NR UCI carried on the CGU-PUSCH to the contents of the CGU-UCI.

[0497] For example, it can be stable for the UE to transmit CGU-UCI by including the size of the HARQ-ACK payload configured by the UE and / or CSI Part I and / or CSI Part II and / or information about the HARQ-ACK target DL time slot, and the base station first decodes the CGU-UCI and decodes the remaining NR UCI and UL-SCH based on that information.

[0498] [Proposed Method #7] Based on the DMRS location in the time slot or a CGU-UCI mapping method that takes into account LBT faults.

[0499] Since CGU is transmitted in the unlicensed band, the UE needs to perform LBT operation first in order to transmit CGU-PUSCH. When there are transmissions by different RAN devices in the channel used for transmission and the measured energy value is greater than the CCA threshold, the channel is considered occupied. In this case, the transmission fails at the point where the transmission initial intent begins, and the transmission time is delayed. Therefore, the previous symbol of the time slot may be punctured, or an LBT failure may occur where the entire time slot is not transmitted.

[0500] Upon receiving the CGU-PUSCH, the base station can decode the CGU-UCI and, based on this information, decode the remaining portion. Therefore, if the relatively critical CGU-UCI is corrupted, decoding may not be able to proceed stably.

[0501] Therefore, the CGU-UCI, which includes crucial information for decoding the CGU-PUSCH, can be mapped sequentially in a frequency-priority manner, starting from the last symbol in a time slot that is relatively unlikely to be corrupted, even if the LBT fails or the transmission start time is delayed.

[0502] Figure 25 An example of CGU-UCI mapping is shown.

[0503] refer to Figure 25 CGU-UCI can be sequentially mapped to the subcarrier of the last symbol 161 in the time slot, and then sequentially mapped to the subcarrier of the previous symbol 162.

[0504] When an NR UCI is carried on a CGU-PUSCH, the CGU-UCI can be mapped first using the following method, and then the NR UCI (e.g., HARQ-ACK) can be mapped. According to this mapping method, the base station can first decode the CGU-UCI to identify the UE, or it can know information such as the HARQ-ACK of the NR UCI when a message about the NR UCI is included in the CGU-UCI, thus being useful for decoding the remainder of the CGU-PUSCH.

[0505] The base station can configure the UE to add multiple DMRSs to the time slot used for transmitting CGU-PUSCH, and the UE can map CGU-UCI starting from the symbol to the right of the symbol containing the last DMRS in a frequency-priority manner. In this mapping method, considering that the previous symbol and DMRS may be corrupted due to LBT failure (e.g., puncturing), mapping starts from the symbol to the right of the symbol containing the last DMRS, thereby reducing the probability of UCI loss.

[0506] Figure 26 Another example of CGU-UCI mapping is shown.

[0507] refer to Figure 26 Two DMRS, 171 and 172, can be configured in the CGU-PUSCH time slot. Here, the CGU-UCI can be mapped in a frequency-priority manner starting from symbol 173 to the right of the second DMRS symbol 172. If three DMRS are configured in the time slot, the CGU-UCI can be mapped starting from the symbol to the right of the third DMRS symbol.

[0508] Figure 27 Another example of CGU-UCI mapping is shown.

[0509] refer to Figure 27When the NR UCI is mounted on the CGU-PUSCH, the CGU-UCI can be mapped to a position preceding the mapping position of the NR UCI (e.g., HARQ-ACK). That is, the CGU-UCI can be mapped to the left (front) symbol 182 of the DMRS symbol 181, and the NR UCI (e.g., HARQ-ACK) can be mapped to the right (rear) symbol 183.

[0510] The advantage of this mapping method is that the base station first decodes the CGU-UCI and can use the included information about the payload size of the UCI NR or UCI NR to decode the remainder of the CGU-PUSCH. This CGU-UCI mapping method can also be applied when the NR UCI is not mounted on the CGU-PUSCH.

[0511] When NR UCI is carried on CGU-PUSCH and transmitted together Figure 27 The mapping method shown can be applied to the last DMRS symbol. That is, in a frequency-first manner, CGU-UCI can be mapped starting from the symbol located to the left of the last DMRS symbol, and UCI can be mapped starting from the symbol located to the right of the last DMRS symbol.

[0512] Similarly, according to this mapping method, the base station can first decode the CGU-UCI to identify the UE, or it can know information such as the HARQ-ACK of the NR UCI when a message about the NR UCI is included in the CGU-UCI, which is therefore useful for decoding the remainder of the CGU-PUSCH.

[0513] Furthermore, when an NR UCI is mounted on a CGU-PUSCH, the NR UCI can be mapped, thus preserving the number of resource elements (REs) to be mapped to the CGU-UCI. In other words, when calculating the number of REs to be mapped to each NR UCI from the total number of REs available on the CGU-PUSCH using α, the amount of REs to be mapped to the NR UCI can be calculated by pre-excluding the number of REs used for the CGU-UCI.

[0514] Assume X is the number of REs used for CGU-UCI. In the following equation for calculating the amount of REs to be mapped to NR UCI (HARQ-ACK), the number of REs used for CGU-UCI can be retained by subtracting X from the total number of REs available for CGU-PUSCH, after which the number of REs to be mapped to HARQ-ACK (i.e., NR UCI) can be calculated. The same method can be applied sequentially to NR UCI (such as other CSI Part I and / or CSI Part II) to calculate the amount of REs to be mapped. The amount of REs to be mapped to CSI Part I can be calculated by excluding the amount of REs to be mapped to CGU-UCI and HARQ-ACK from the total number of REs used for CGU-PUSCH.

[0515] This can be expressed as the following equation.

[0516] [Equation 1]

[0517]

[0518] In the above equation, O ACK Indicates the number of HARQ-ACK bits, where when 0 ACK When L is 360 or larger ACK If it is 11, otherwise, L ACK M represents the number of CRC bits. PUSCH sc N represents the number of frequency bands (subcarriers) used for scheduling PUSCH transmissions. PUSCH symb,all β represents the total number of OFDM symbols used for PUSCH transmission (including OFDM symbols used for DMRS). PUSCH offset Indicates β HARQ-ACK offset C UL-SCH K represents the number of UL-SCH code blocks used for PUSCH transmission. r Let M represent the size of the r-th code block of UL-SCH used for PUSCH transmission, and M UCI sc (l) indicates the number of resource elements available for UCI transmission in OFDM symbol l. α is a value set by higher-layer signals (parameters) (such as RRC signals). X indicates the number of resource elements (REs) used for CGU-UCI. l0 indicates the symbol index of the first OFDM symbol, which does not carry the DMRS of the PUSCH after the first DMRS symbol in the PUSCH transmission.

[0519] [Proposed Method #8] is a rate matching method for situations where CGU-PUSCH or (periodic or semi-static) PUCCH resources overlap with dynamic UL scheduling resources or are within an interval of X symbols from DL signal / channel transmission resources.

[0520] Here, dynamic UL scheduling can refer to dynamic PRACH or PUCCH resources indicated by (group) common DCI, and DL signals / channels can refer to SSB, CSI-RS (e.g., for measurement or beam management), paging / RMSI / OSI, etc.

[0521] (1) When (partially) overlapping with (candidate) resources, CGU-PUSCH or (periodic or semi-static) PUCCH can be discarded.

[0522] (2) When (partially) overlapping with (candidate) resources, CGU-PUSCH or (periodic or semi-static) PUCCH can be sent through some of its resources, and the time / frequency region of the resource used for transmission can be signaled.

[0523] This disclosure is not limited to direct communication between UEs, and can be used for uplink or downlink. Here, the base station or relay node can employ the methods described above.

[0524] Examples of the methods proposed above can also be included as one of the methods in the embodiments of this disclosure. And therefore, it is obvious that the above examples can be understood as types of proposed methods. Additionally, although the proposed methods described above can be implemented independently, they can also be implemented as a combination (or integration) of parts of the proposed methods. For information regarding the application or non-application of the proposed methods (or information regarding the rules of the proposed methods), rules can be defined such that this information can be communicated via a signal (e.g., a physical layer signal or a higher layer signal), which is predefined by the base station to the UE or predefined by the transmitting UE to the receiving UE.

[0525] Figure 28 This is a block diagram illustrating the components of a transmitting device 1810 and a receiving device 1820 for implementing the present disclosure. Here, the transmitting device and the receiving device may be a base station and a terminal, respectively.

[0526] Transmitting device 1810 and receiving device 1820 may each include transceivers 1812 and 1822 capable of transmitting or receiving radio frequency (RF) signals carrying information, data, signals, and messages; memories 1813 and 1823 for storing various types of information about communications in a wireless communication system; and processors 1811 and 1821 connected to components such as transceivers 1812 and 1822 and memories 1813 and 1823 and configured to control memories 1813 and 1823 and / or transceivers 1812 and 1822, such that the corresponding devices perform at least one of the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0527] Memory 1813 and 1823 can store programs for processing and control of processor 1811 and 1821, and temporarily store input / output information. Memory 1813 and 1823 can be used as buffers.

[0528] Processors 1811 and 1821 typically control the overall operation of various modules in transmitting and receiving devices. Specifically, processors 1811 and 1821 can perform various control functions for implementing this disclosure. Processors 1811 and 1821 may be referred to as controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, microcomputers, etc. Processors 1811 and 1821 can be implemented in hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. When this disclosure is implemented using hardware, processors 1811 and 1821 may include ASICs (application-specific integrated circuits), DSPs (digital signal processors), DSPDs (digital signal processing devices), PLDs (programmable logic devices), FPGAs (field programmable gate arrays), etc., configured to implement this disclosure. When the present disclosure is implemented using firmware or software, the firmware or software may be configured to include modules, programs or functions for performing the functions or operations of the present disclosure, and the firmware or software configured to implement the present disclosure may be included in processors 1811 and 1821 or stored in memories 1813 and 1823 and executed by processors 1811 and 1821.

[0529] The processor 1811 of the transmitting device 1810 can perform predetermined encoding and modulation on the signal and / or data to be transmitted to the outside, and then transmit the signal and / or data to the transceiver 1812. For example, the processor 1811 can perform demultiplexing, channel coding, scrambling, and modulation on the data string to be transmitted to generate codewords. The codewords may include information equivalent to a transport block, which is a data block provided by the MAC layer. A transport block (TB) can be encoded into a codeword. Each codeword can be transmitted to the receiving device through one or more layers. The transceiver 1812 may include an oscillator for up-conversion. The transceiver 1812 may include one or more transmission antennas.

[0530] The signal processing procedure of the receiving device 1820 can be the reverse of that of the transmitting device 1810. The transceiver 1822 of the receiving device 1820 can receive RF signals transmitted from the transmitting device 1810 under the control of the processor 1821. The transceiver 1822 may include one or more receiving antennas. The transceiver 1822 can down-convert the signals received through the receiving antennas to recover the baseband signal. The transceiver 1822 may include an oscillator for down-conversion. The processor 1821 can perform decoding and demodulation on the RF signals received through the receiving antennas to recover the data intended to be transmitted by the transmitting device 1810.

[0531] Transceivers 1812 and 1822 may include one or more antennas. According to embodiments of this disclosure, under the control of processors 1811 and 1821, the antennas can transmit signals processed by transceivers 1812 and 1822 to the outside, or receive RF signals from the outside and deliver RF signals to transceivers 1812 and 1822. The antennas may be referred to as antenna ports. Each antenna may correspond to a single physical antenna, or may be configured as a combination of multiple physical antenna elements. Signals transmitted from each antenna cannot be decomposed by receiving device 1820. A reference signal (RS) corresponding to the antenna transmission defines the antenna from the viewpoint of receiving device 1820 and allows receiving device 1820 to estimate the channel with respect to the antenna, regardless of whether the channel is a single radio channel from a physical antenna or a composite channel from multiple physical antenna elements including that antenna. That is, an antenna can be defined such that the channel carrying symbols on the antenna can be derived from the channel transmitting another symbol on the same antenna. Transceivers that support multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) functionality, which allows data to be transmitted and received using multiple antennas, can be connected to two or more antennas.

[0532] Figure 29 An example of the signal processing module structure in the transmitting device 1810 is shown. Here, signal processing can be performed by the processor of the base station / terminal (such as...). Figure 28 The processors 1811 and 1821 are used to execute this.

[0533] refer to Figure 29 The transmitting device 1810 included in the terminal or base station may include a scrambler 301, a modulator 302, a layer mapper 303, an antenna port mapper 304, a resource block mapper 305, and a signal generator 306.

[0534] Transmitting device 1810 can transmit one or more codewords. The coded bits in each codeword are scrambled by a corresponding scrambler 301 and transmitted through the physical channel. A codeword can be referred to as a data string and can be equivalent to a transport block, which is a data block provided by the MAC layer.

[0535] The scrambled bits are modulated into complex-valued modulation symbols by the corresponding modulator 302. Modulator 302 can modulate the scrambled bits according to a modulation scheme to arrange the complex-valued modulation symbols representing their positions on the signal constellation diagram. The modulation scheme is unrestricted; m-PSK (m-phase shift keying) or m-QAM (m-quadrature amplitude modulation) can be used to modulate the coded data. The modulator can be referred to as a modulation mapper.

[0536] Complex-valued modulation symbols can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by layer mapper 303. Complex-valued modulation symbols on each layer can be mapped by antenna port mapper 304 for transmission at the antenna port.

[0537] Each resource block mapper 305 can map the complex-valued modulation symbol for each antenna port to the appropriate resource element in a virtual resource block allocated for transmission. The resource block mapper can map virtual resource blocks to physical resource blocks according to an appropriate mapping scheme. The resource block mapper 305 can assign the complex-valued modulation symbol for each antenna port to the appropriate subcarrier and multiplex the complex-valued modulation symbol according to the user.

[0538] Depending on a specific modulation scheme (e.g., OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)), each signal generator 306 can modulate complex-valued modulation symbols (i.e., antenna-specific symbols) for each antenna port to generate complex-valued time-domain OFDM symbol signals. The signal generator can perform an IFFT (Inverse Fast Fourier Transform) on the antenna-specific symbols and can insert a CP (Cyclic Prefix) into the IFFT-operated time-domain symbols. The OFDM symbols undergo digital-to-analog conversion and up-conversion, and are then transmitted to the receiving device through each transmit antenna. The signal generator may include an IFFT module, a CP insertion unit, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), and an up-converter.

[0539] Figure 30Another example of the signal processing module structure in the transmitting device 1810 is shown. Here, signal processing can be performed by the processor of the terminal / base station (such as...). Figure 28 The processors 1811 and 1821 are used to execute this.

[0540] refer to Figure 30 The transmitting device 1810 included in a terminal or base station may include a scrambler 401, a modulator 402, a layer mapper 403, a precoder 404, a resource block mapper 405, and a signal generator 406.

[0541] The transmitting device 1810 can scramble the coded bits in the codeword using the corresponding scrambler 401, and then transmit the scrambled coded bits through the physical channel.

[0542] The scrambled bits are modulated into complex-valued modulation symbols by the corresponding modulator 402. The modulator can modulate the scrambled bits according to a predetermined modulation scheme to arrange the complex-valued modulation symbols representing the positions on the signal constellation diagram. The modulation scheme is unrestricted and can use π / 2-BPSK (π / 2-binary phase shift keying), m-PSK (m-phase shift keying), or m-QAM (m-quadrature amplitude modulation) to modulate the encoded data.

[0543] Complex-valued modulation symbols can be mapped to one or more transport layers by layer mapper 403.

[0544] Complex-valued modulation symbols on each layer can be pre-encoded by pre-encoder 404 for transmission at antenna ports. Here, the pre-encoder can perform transform precoding on the complex-valued modulation symbols, and then perform precoding. Alternatively, the pre-encoder can perform precoding without performing transform precoding. Pre-encoder 404 can process complex-valued modulation symbols using multiple transmission antennas according to MIMO, outputting antenna-specific symbols and assigning them to the corresponding resource block mapper 405. The output z of pre-encoder 404 can be obtained by multiplying the output y of layer mapper 403 by an N*M precoding matrix W. Here, N is the number of antenna ports, and M is the number of layers.

[0545] Each resource block mapper 405 maps the complex-valued modulation symbols for each antenna port to the appropriate resource element in the virtual resource block allocated for transmission.

[0546] Resource block mapper 405 can assign complex-valued modulation symbols to appropriate subcarriers and multiplex complex-valued modulation symbols according to users.

[0547] Each signal generator 406 can modulate complex-valued modulation symbols according to a specific modulation scheme (e.g., OFDM) to generate complex-valued time-domain OFDM symbol signals. The signal generator 406 can perform an IFFT (Inverse Fast Fourier Transform) on antenna-specific symbols and can insert a CP (Cyclic Prefix) into the IFFT-operated time-domain symbols. The OFDM symbols undergo digital-to-analog conversion and up-conversion, and are then transmitted to the receiving device through each transmit antenna. The signal generator 406 may include an IFFT module, a CP insertion unit, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), and an up-converter.

[0548] The signal processing procedure of the receiving device 1820 can be the reverse of that of the transmitting device. Specifically, the processor 1821 of the transmitting device 1810 decodes and demodulates the RF signal received through the antenna port of the transceiver 1822. The receiving device 1820 may include multiple receiving antennas, and the signals received through the receiving antennas are recovered into baseband signals and then multiplexed and demodulated according to MIMO to be recovered into a data string intended to be transmitted by the transmitting device 1810. The receiving device 1820 may include a signal recovery unit for recovering the received signals into baseband signals, a multiplexer for combining and multiplexing the received signals, and a channel demodulator for demodulating the multiplexed signal string into corresponding codewords. The signal recovery unit, multiplexer, and channel demodulator may be configured as integrated modules or independent modules for performing their functions. More specifically, the signal recovery unit may include an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for converting analog signals to digital signals, a CP removal unit for removing CP from digital signals, a FET module for applying an FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) to the CP-removed signal to output frequency domain symbols, and a resource element demapper / equalizer for recovering the frequency domain symbols into antenna-specific symbols. The antenna-specific symbols are then recovered to the transport layer by a multiplexer, and the transport layer recovers the symbols to codewords intended for transmission by a channel demodulator.

[0549] Figure 31 An example of a wireless communication device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0550] refer to Figure 31The wireless communication device (e.g., a terminal) may include at least one of the following: a processor 2310 (such as a digital signal processor (DSP) or microprocessor), a transceiver 2335, a power management module 2305, an antenna 2340, a battery 2355, a display 2315, a keyboard 2320, a global positioning system (GPS) chip 2360, a sensor 2365, a memory 2330, a subscriber identification module (SIM) card 2325, a speaker 2345, and a microphone 2350. Multiple antennas and multiple processors may be provided.

[0551] Processor 10 can implement the functions, processes and methods described in this specification. Figure 31 The processor 2310 in the middle can be Figure 28 The processors 1811 and 1821 are mentioned.

[0552] The memory 2330 is connected to the processor 2310 and stores information related to the operation of the processor. The memory can be located inside or outside the processor and can be connected to the processor via various technologies such as wired and wireless connections. Figure 31 The memory 2330 in the memory can be Figure 28 The memory units 1813 and 1823 are included.

[0553] Users can use various techniques (such as pressing buttons on keypad 2320 or activating sound using microphone 2350) to input various types of information (such as phone numbers). Processor 2310 can receive and process user information and perform appropriate functions, such as making a call using the entered phone number. In some cases, data can be retrieved from SIM card 2325 or memory 2330 to perform appropriate functions. In some cases, for user convenience, processor 2310 can display various types of information and data on display 2315.

[0554] Transceiver 2335 is connected to processor 2310 and transmits and / or receives RF signals. The processor can control the transceiver to initiate communication or transmit RF signals including various types of information or data (such as voice communication data). The transceiver includes a transmitter and a receiver for transmitting and receiving RF signals. Antenna 2340 facilitates the transmission and reception of RF signals. In some implementation examples, when the transceiver receives an RF signal, it can forward the signal and convert it to a baseband frequency for processing by the processor. The signal can be processed using various techniques, such as converting it into audible or readable information for output through speaker 2345. Figure 31 The transceiver in the middle can be Figure 28 The transceivers in the series are 1812 and 1822.

[0555] although Figure 31 Not shown, but various components such as a camera and a Universal Serial Bus (USB) port may be additionally included in the terminal. For example, the camera may be connected to the processor 2310.

[0556] Figure 31 This is an example of an implementation of a terminal, and the implementation examples in this disclosure are not limited thereto. The terminal does not necessarily need to include... Figure 31 All components are shown. That is to say, some components (such as keyboard 2320, GPS chip 2360, sensor 2365, and SIM card 2325) may not be required. In this case, they may not be included in the terminal.

[0557] Figure 32 Examples of 5G use cases to which the technical features of this disclosure are applicable are shown. Figure 32 The 5G use cases shown are for illustrative purposes only, and the technical features of this disclosure can also be applied to... Figure 32 Other 5G use cases not shown.

[0558] See Figure 32 The three main areas required for 5G include: (1) enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) areas; (2) massive machine-type communications (mMTC) areas; and (3) ultra-reliable low-latency communications areas. Some use cases may require multiple areas for optimization, while others may focus on only one key performance indicator (KPI). 5G supports these different use cases in a flexible and reliable manner.

[0559] eMBB focuses on overall improvements in data rates, latency, user density, and the capacity and coverage of mobile broadband connections. eMBB aims for a throughput of approximately 10Gbps. eMBB goes beyond basic mobile internet access, covering a rich array of interactive operations, cloud computing, and augmented reality media and entertainment applications. Data is a key driver in 5G, and this may not be the first time dedicated voice services have been offered in the 5G era. In 5G, voice is expected to be processed as a simple application using the data connection provided by the communication system. The primary reason for the increase in traffic volume is the increase in content size and the increase in the number of applications requiring high data rates. As more devices connect to the internet, streaming services (audio and video), as well as interactive video and mobile internet connectivity, will be widely used. Numerous applications require always-on connectivity to push real-time information and notifications to users. The use of cloud storage devices and applications on mobile communication platforms is rapidly growing and can be applied to both work and entertainment. Cloud storage devices are a specific use case that contributes to increased uplink data rates. 5G is also used for remote services in the cloud, and lower end-to-end latency is required to maintain a satisfactory user experience when using haptic interfaces. For example, in the entertainment sector, cloud gaming and video streaming are other key factors requiring enhanced mobile broadband capabilities. Entertainment is essential for smartphones and tablets that operate anywhere, including in highly mobile environments such as trains, cars, and airplanes. Another use case is augmented reality and information retrieval for entertainment. Here, augmented reality requires very low latency and massive amounts of instantaneous data.

[0560] mMTC is designed to enable communication between a large number of low-cost, battery-powered devices and is intended to support smart metering, distribution, workspaces, and applications including body sensors. mMTC aims to support approximately ten years of battery life and / or approximately one million devices per square kilometer. mMTC supports seamless connectivity of embedded sensors in any field and is one of the most widely used 5G applications. Potentially, the number of IoT devices is expected to reach 20.4 billion by 2020. Industrial IoT is one area where 5G plays a key role in enabling smart cities, asset tracking, smart utilities, and agricultural and security infrastructure.

[0561] URLLC enables devices and machines to communicate with high reliability, extremely low latency, and high availability, making it ideal for vehicle communication, industrial control, factory automation, remote surgery, smart grids, and public safety applications. URLLC aims for latency of approximately 1 ms. URLLC encompasses new services that will transform industries through remote control of critical infrastructure and ultra-reliable / low-latency links, such as those used in autonomous vehicles. Reliability and latency levels are critical for smart grid control, industrial automation, robotics, and drone control and coordination.

[0562] The following will describe in more detail what is included Figure 32 Multiple use cases within the triangle.

[0563] 5G is a technology used to deliver streaming speeds of hundreds of megabytes per second to gigabits per second, and can complement fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) and wired broadband (DOCSIS). This high speed is needed not only for virtual reality (VT) and augmented reality (AR), but also for TV with resolutions of 4K or higher (6K, 8K, or above). Many VR and AR applications involve immersive sporting events. Specific applications may require specialized network configurations. For example, for VR games, game companies may need to integrate core servers with the network operator's edge network servers to minimize latency.

[0564] The automotive sector is expected to be a significant new driver of 5G, with numerous applications for vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication. For example, passenger entertainment requires high capacity and high mobile broadband, as users will continue to expect high-quality connectivity regardless of their location and speed. Another use case in the automotive sector is AR dashboards. Drivers can use AR dashboards to identify objects in the dark on what they are seeing through the windshield. AR dashboards display information about the distance and movement of objects in an overlay format to inform the driver. In the future, wireless modules will enable communication between vehicles, information exchange between vehicles and supporting infrastructure, and information exchange between vehicles and various connected devices (e.g., pedestrian-accompanying devices). Safety systems provide alternative pathways for action, allowing drivers to drive safely and reducing the risk of accidents. The next step will be remotely controlled or autonomous vehicles, requiring highly reliable and very fast communication between different autonomous vehicles and / or between vehicles and infrastructure. In the future, autonomous vehicles will perform all driving activities, and drivers will only focus on traffic issues that vehicles cannot autonomously identify. The technological requirements for autonomous vehicles are ultra-low latency, high speed, and high reliability to elevate traffic safety to levels unattainable by humans.

[0565] In smart cities and smart homes, often referred to as smart societies, high-density wireless sensor networks will be embedded. These distributed networks of smart sensors will identify the cost-effectiveness and energy efficiency of maintenance in cities or homes. A similar setup can be established for each household. Temperature sensors, window and heating controllers, security systems, and home appliances will all be wirelessly connected. Many sensors typically require low data rates, low power consumption, and low cost. However, certain types of devices used for monitoring, for example, may require real-time HD video.

[0566] Because the consumption and distribution of energy, including heat or gases, are highly decentralized, automated control of distributed sensor networks is required. Smart grids collect information and interconnect sensors using digital information and communication technologies to act based on that information. This information can include supplier and consumer behavior, enabling smart grids to improve the distribution of fuels (such as electricity) in an efficient, reliable, economical, sustainable, and automated manner. A smart grid can be viewed as a sensor network with low latency.

[0567] The health sector has a multitude of applications that can benefit from mobile communications. Communication systems can support telemedicine to deliver clinical care in remote locations. Telemedicine helps reduce distance barriers and can improve access to healthcare services that are not consistently available in remote rural areas. Telemedicine is also used to save lives in emergency treatment and in emergency situations. Mobile communication-based wireless sensor networks can provide remote monitoring and sensing of parameters such as heart rate and blood pressure.

[0568] Wireless and mobile communications are becoming increasingly important in industrial applications. Cabling involves high costs for installation and maintenance. Therefore, the possibility of replacing cables with reconfigurable wireless links is an attractive aspect for various industrial sectors. However, for wireless links to replace cables, wireless connectivity needs to operate with latency, reliability, and capacity similar to that of cables, and needs to be managed in a simplified manner. Low latency and a very low error probability are new requirements for 5G connectivity.

[0569] Logistics and cargo tracking are important use cases for mobile communications, enabling the tracking of inventory and packages anywhere using location-based information systems. Logistics and cargo tracking use cases typically require low data rates but demand wide-ranging and reliable location information.

[0570] Artificial Intelligence (AI)

[0571] Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the field of study of artificial intelligence or the methods used to create it, while machine learning refers to the field of study of methods used to define and solve various problems within the field of AI. Machine learning is also defined as algorithms used to improve operational performance through stable operational experiences.

[0572] Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are models used for machine learning, and can refer to an overall problem-solving model comprising artificial neurons (nodes) that form a network through synapses. An artificial neural network can be defined by the connection patterns between neurons in different layers, the learning process that updates model parameters, and the activation functions that generate output values.

[0573] An artificial neural network may include an input layer, an output layer, and optionally one or more hidden layers. Each layer includes one or more neurons, and the artificial neural network may include synapses connecting the neurons. In an artificial neural network, each neuron may output the function value, weights, and bias of the activation function of the input signal received through the synapse.

[0574] Model parameters refer to the parameters determined through learning, and include the weights of synaptic connections and the biases of neurons. Hyperparameters refer to the parameters that are set before learning in a machine learning algorithm, and include the learning rate, number of iterations, mini-batch size, and initialization function.

[0575] Learning artificial neural networks can aim to determine model parameters used to minimize a loss function. The loss function can be used as an index to determine the optimal model parameters during the learning process of an artificial neural network.

[0576] Machine learning can be classified into supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning.

[0577] Supervised learning refers to the method of training an artificial neural network using labels provided for the learning data, where the labels indicate the correct answer (or outcome value) that the artificial neural network should infer when the learning data is input. Unsupervised learning refers to the method of training an artificial neural network without providing labels for the learning data. Reinforcement learning can be a training method used to train an agent defined in an environment to select an action or sequence of actions to maximize the cumulative reward in each state.

[0578] Machine learning implemented using deep neural networks (DNNs) that include multiple hidden layers in artificial neural networks is called deep learning, and deep learning is a part of machine learning. In the following text, machine learning is interpreted as including deep learning.

[0579] <Robot>

[0580] A robot can be defined as a machine that uses its own capabilities to handle or operate a given task. In particular, a robot that has the ability to recognize its environment and make autonomous judgments to perform operations can be called an intelligent robot.

[0581] Depending on their purpose or field, robots can be categorized into industrial robots, medical robots, home robots, military robots, etc.

[0582] Robots may include actuators or drives including motors to perform various physical operations, such as moving robot joints. Furthermore, mobile robots may include wheels, brakes, propellers, etc., in the drive to move on the ground or fly in the air.

[0583] <Self-driving or autonomous driving>

[0584] Autonomous driving refers to the technology of driving itself, and autonomous vehicles are vehicles that operate without user intervention or with minimal user intervention.

[0585] For example, autonomous driving may include technologies for keeping in a lane while driving, technologies for automatically adjusting speed (such as adaptive cruise control), technologies for automatically driving along a predetermined route, and technologies for driving by automatically setting a route when a destination is set.

[0586] Vehicles may include vehicles with only internal combustion engines, hybrid vehicles with both internal combustion engines and electric motors, and electric vehicles with only electric motors. They may include not only automobiles, but also trains, motorcycles, etc.

[0587] Autonomous vehicles can be considered as robots with autonomous driving capabilities.

[0588] Extended Reality (XR)

[0589] Extended reality refers to virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR). VR technology is a computer graphics technology that provides real-world objects and backgrounds only in CG images; AR technology is a computer graphics technology that provides virtual CG images on top of real object images; and MR technology is a computer graphics technology that provides virtual objects that are mixed and combined with the real world.

[0590] Similar to AR technology, MR technology displays real and virtual objects together. However, in AR, virtual objects are used to complement real objects, while in MR, virtual and real objects are treated as equals.

[0591] XR technology can be applied to head-mounted displays (HMDs), head-up displays (HUDs), cellular phones, tablet PCs, laptops, desktop computers, TVs, digital signage, and more. Devices that use XR technology can be called XR devices.

[0592] Figure 33 AI device 100 is shown.

[0593] AI device 100 can be configured as a fixed or mobile device, such as a TV, projector, cellular phone, smartphone, desktop computer, laptop computer, digital broadcasting terminal, personal digital assistant (PDA), portable multimedia player (PMP), navigation system, tablet PV, wearable device, set-top box (STB), DMB receiver, radio, washing machine, refrigerator, desktop computer, digital signage, robot, or vehicle.

[0594] refer to Figure 33 The terminal 100 may include a communication unit 110, an input unit 120, a learning processor 130, a sensing unit 140, an output unit 150, a memory 170, and a processor 180.

[0595] The communication unit 110 can use wired or wireless communication technologies to send data to and receive data from external devices (such as other AI devices 100a to 100e and AI server 200). For example, the communication unit 110 can send sensor information, user input, learning models, and control signals to external devices, and receive sensor information, user input, learning models, and control signals from external devices.

[0596] Here, the communication technology used by the communication unit 110 may be, for example, Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5G, Wireless LAN (WLAN), Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Infrared Data Association (IrDA), ZigBee, or Near-Field Communication (NFC).

[0597] Input unit 120 can acquire various types of data.

[0598] Here, the input unit 120 may include a camera for inputting image signals, a microphone for receiving audio signals, and a user input unit for receiving information input from the user. Here, the camera or microphone can be regarded as a sensor, and the signals obtained from the camera or microphone can be referred to as sensing data or sensor information.

[0599] Input unit 120 can acquire the input data used for model learning and the input data to be used when the learned model obtains output. Input unit 120 can also acquire unprocessed input data, in which case processor 180 or learning processor 130 can extract input features by preprocessing the input data.

[0600] The learning processor 130 can use learning data to train a model configured with an artificial neural network. Here, the trained artificial neural network can be referred to as a learning model. The learning model can be used to infer the result value of new input data other than the learning data, and the inferred value can be used as a basis for determining any operation.

[0601] Here, the learning processor 130 can perform AI processing together with the learning processor 240 of the AI ​​server 200.

[0602] Here, the learning processor 130 may include memory integrated or configured with the AI ​​device 100. Alternatively, the learning processor 130 may be configured using memory 170, external memory directly coupled to the AI ​​device 100, or memory stored in an external device.

[0603] The sensing unit 140 can use various sensors to acquire at least one of the following: internal information on the AI ​​device 100, surrounding environment information, and user information.

[0604] Here, the sensors included in the sensing unit 140 may include proximity sensors, illuminance sensors, accelerometers, magnetic sensors, gyroscopes, inertial sensors, RGB sensors, IR sensors, fingerprint sensors, ultrasonic sensors, optical sensors, microphones, lidar, and radar.

[0605] The output unit 150 can generate visual output, auditory output, or tactile output.

[0606] Here, the output unit 150 may include a display that outputs visual information, a speaker that outputs auditory information, and a tactile module that outputs tactile information.

[0607] The memory 170 can store data for various functions of the AI-assisted device 100. For example, the memory 170 can store input data, learning data, learning models, and learning history acquired by the input unit 120.

[0608] The processor 180 can determine at least one executable operation of the AI ​​device 100 based on information determined or generated using data analysis algorithms or machine learning algorithms. The processor 180 can control the components of the AI ​​device 100 to perform the determined operation.

[0609] For this purpose, processor 180 may request, retrieve, receive, or utilize data from learning processor 130 or memory 170, and may control the components of AI device 100 to perform predictable operations or the at least one of the executable operations determined to be desired.

[0610] When it is necessary to connect an external device to perform a defined operation, the processor 180 can generate control signals to control the external device and send the generated control signals to the external device.

[0611] The processor 180 can acquire intent information corresponding to user input and can determine the user's needs based on the acquired intent information.

[0612] Here, the processor 180 may use at least one of a speech-to-text (STT) engine for converting speech input into a string and a natural language processing (NLP) engine for obtaining intent information corresponding to the user input.

[0613] Here, at least one of the STT engine or NLP engine may be at least partially configured with an artificial neural network that learns according to a machine learning algorithm. Furthermore, at least one of the STT engine or NLP engine may be learned by the learning processor 130, by the learning processor 240 of the AI ​​server 200, or by distributed processing of the learning processors 130 and 240.

[0614] The processor 180 can collect historical information, including the operations of the AI ​​device 100 or feedback from user operations, and can store the collected historical information in the memory 170 or the learning processor 130, or send the collected historical information to an external device, such as the AI ​​server 200. The collected historical information can be used to update the learning model.

[0615] The processor 180 can control at least some of the components of the AI ​​device 100 to drive an application stored in the memory 170. Furthermore, the processor 180 can operate two or more components of the AI ​​device 100 in a combined manner to drive the application.

[0616] Figure 34 An AI server 200 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0617] refer to Figure 34AI server 200 can refer to a device that trains an artificial neural network using machine learning algorithms or uses a trained artificial neural network. AI server 200 can be configured with multiple servers to perform distributed processing and can be defined as a 5G network. AI server 200 can be included as a component of AI device 100 to perform at least a portion of AI processing together with AI device 100.

[0618] AI server 200 may include communication unit 210, memory 230, learning processor 240 and processor 260.

[0619] The communication unit 210 can transmit data to and receive data from external devices (such as AI device 100).

[0620] The memory 230 may include a model storage unit 231. The model storage unit 231 may store a model (or artificial neural network) 231a that is being learned or has been learned by the learning processor 240.

[0621] The learning processor 240 can use learning data to train the artificial neural network 231a. The learning model can be installed in the AI ​​server 200 of the artificial neural network or installed in an external device (such as AI device 100).

[0622] The learning model can be configured in hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. When the learning model is configured partially or entirely in software, one or more instructions forming the learning model can be stored in memory 230.

[0623] The processor 260 can use a learning model to infer the result value of new input data, and can generate response or control commands based on the inferred result value.

[0624] Figure 35 AI system 1 is shown.

[0625] refer to Figure 35 In AI system 1, at least one of AI server 200, robot 100a, self-driving vehicle 100b, XR device 100c, smartphone 100d, or home appliance 100e is connected to a cloud network. Here, the robot 100a, self-driving vehicle 100b, XR device 100c, smartphone 100d, or home appliance 100e that applies AI technology can be referred to as AI devices 100a to 100e.

[0626] Cloud network 10 can refer to a network that is part of or exists within a cloud computing infrastructure. Here, cloud network 10 can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G or Long Range Evolution (LTE) network, or a 5G network.

[0627] The devices 100a to 100e and 200 included in the AI system 1 may be connected to each other via the cloud network 10. Specifically, the devices 100a to 100e and 200 may communicate with each other via a base station, or may directly communicate with each other without using a base station.

[0628] The AI server 200 may include a server that performs AI processing and a server that performs operations on big data.

[0629] The AI server 200 may be connected via the cloud network 10 to at least one of the robot 100a, the self-driving vehicle 100b, the XR device 100c, the smartphone 100d and the household appliance 100e, which are AI devices included in the AI system 1, and may assist at least a part of AI processing of the connected devices 100a to 100e.

[0630] The AI server 200 may train an artificial neural network according to a machine learning algorithm for the AI devices 100a to 100e, may directly store a learning model, or may transmit the learning model to the AI devices 100a to 100e.

[0631] The AI server 200 may receive input data from the AI devices 100a to 100e, may infer a result value for the received input data using the learning model, may generate a response or a control command based on the inferred result value, and may transmit the response or the control command to the AI devices 100a to 100e.

[0632] Alternatively, the AI devices 100a to 100e may directly infer a result value for input data using the learning model, and may generate a response or a control command based on the inferred result value.

[0633] Hereinafter, various embodiments of the AI devices 100a to 100e to which the foregoing technology is applied will be described. Figure 2 The AI devices 100a to 100e shown in Figure 3 are specific examples of the AI device 100 shown in

[0634] <AI+Robot>

[0635] The robot 100a may be configured as a guiding robot, a conveying robot, a cleaning robot, a wearable robot, an entertainment robot, a pet robot, an unmanned aerial robot, etc. in combination with AI technology.

[0636] The robot 100a may include a robot control module that controls operations, and the robot control module may refer to a software module or a hardware chip for implementing the software module.

[0637] The robot 100a may acquire status information about the robot 100a, may detect (recognize) surrounding environments and objects, may generate map data, may determine travel routes and driving plans, may determine responses to user interactions, or may determine operations using sensor information acquired from various types of sensors.

[0638] Here, the robot 100a may determine a travel route and a driving plan using sensor information acquired from at least one of a lidar, a radar, and a camera.

[0639] The robot 100a may perform the foregoing operations using a learning model configured with at least one artificial neural network. For example, the robot 100a may use the learning model to recognize surrounding environments and objects, and may determine operations using information about the recognized surrounding environments and / or objects. Here, the learning model may be learned directly by the robot 100a, or may be learned from an external device such as the AI server 200.

[0640] Here, the robot 100a may perform an operation by directly generating a result using the learning model, or may perform an operation by transmitting sensor information to an external device such as the server 200 and receiving the correspondingly generated result.

[0641] The robot 100a may determine a travel route and a driving plan using at least one of map data, object information detected from sensor information, or object information acquired from an external device, and may control a driver to drive the robot 100a according to the determined travel route and driving plan.

[0642] Map data may include object identification information about various objects arranged in a space where the robot 100a travels. For example, map data may include object identification information about fixed objects such as walls or doors and movable objects such as potted plants or tables. The object identification information may include names, types, distances, positions, and the like.

[0643] The robot 100a may control the driver to perform operations or driving based on a user's control / interaction. Here, the robot 100a may acquire intention information about an interaction according to a user's motion or utterance, may determine a response based on the acquired intention information, and may operate accordingly.

[0644] <AI+Autonomous Driving>

[0645] The self-driving vehicle 100b may be configured as a mobile robot, a vehicle, an unmanned aerial vehicle, or the like in combination with AI technology.

[0646] The self-driving vehicle 100b may include a self-driving control module that controls self-driving functions, and the self-driving control module may refer to a software module or a hardware chip for implementing the software module. The self-driving control module may be included as a component in the self-driving vehicle 100b, or it may be configured as a separate piece of hardware outside the self-driving vehicle 100b and may be connected to the self-driving vehicle 100b.

[0647] The self-driving vehicle 100b can acquire status information about itself, detect (identify) the surrounding environment and objects, generate map data, determine driving routes and driving plans, or use sensor information acquired from various types of sensors to determine operations.

[0648] Here, similar to robot 100a, self-driving vehicle 100b can use sensor information obtained from at least one of the sensors, including lidar, radar, and camera, to determine the driving route and driving plan.

[0649] Specifically, the self-driving vehicle 100b can identify the environment or objects in a blind spot or area at a certain distance by receiving sensor information from an external device, or it can directly receive the identified information about the environment or objects from an external device.

[0650] The self-driving vehicle 100b can perform the aforementioned operations using a learning model configured with at least one artificial neural network. For example, the self-driving vehicle 100b can use the learning model to identify the surrounding environment and objects, and can use information about the identified surrounding environment and / or objects to determine a driving route. Here, the learning model can be learned directly by the self-driving vehicle 100b, or it can be learned from an external device such as an AI server 200.

[0651] Here, the self-driving vehicle 100b can perform operations by directly generating results using a learning model, or by transmitting sensor information to an external device such as server 200 and receiving the corresponding results.

[0652] The self-driving vehicle 100b can use at least one of map data, object information detected from sensor information, or object information obtained from external devices to determine a driving route and driving plan, and can control the driver to drive the self-driving vehicle 100b according to the determined driving route and driving plan.

[0653] Map data may include object identification information about various objects arranged in a space (e.g., a road) where the self-driving vehicle 100b travels. For example, map data may include object identification information about stationary objects (such as street lamps, rocks or buildings) and movable objects (such as vehicles or pedestrians). The object identification information may include names, types, distances, positions, etc.

[0654] The self-driving vehicle 100b may be controlled by a driver based on user control / interaction to perform operation or driving. Here, the self-driving vehicle 100b may acquire interaction intent information according to a user's actions or utterances, may determine a response based on the acquired intent information, and may operate accordingly.

[0655] <AI+XR>

[0656] In combination with AI technology, the XR device 100c may be configured as a head-mounted display (HMD), a vehicle-mounted head-up display (HUD), a television, a cellular phone, a smart phone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, a digital signage, a vehicle, a fixed robot or a mobile robot.

[0657] The XR device 100c may analyze 3D point cloud data or image data acquired via various sensors or from an external device to generate position data and attribute data about 3D points, thereby obtaining information about surrounding spaces or real objects, rendering an XR object to be output and outputting the XR object. For example, the XR device 100c may output an XR object that includes additional information related to the identified object.

[0658] The XR device 100c may use a learning model configured with at least one artificial neural network to perform the foregoing operations. For example, the XR device 100c may use a learning model to identify a real object from 3D point cloud data or image data, and may provide information corresponding to the identified real object. Here, the learning model may be directly learned by the XR device 100c, or may be learned from an external device such as the AI server 200a.

[0659] Here, the XR device 100c may perform operations by directly generating results using the learning model, or may perform operations by transmitting sensor information to an external device such as the server 200 and receiving the correspondingly generated results.

[0660] <AI+Robot+Autonomous Driving>

[0661] In combination with AI technology and autonomous driving technology, the robot 100a may be configured as a guiding robot, a handling robot, a cleaning robot, a wearable robot, an entertainment robot, a pet robot, an unmanned aerial robot, etc.

[0662] The robot 100a that applies AI technology and autonomous driving technology can refer to a robot with autonomous driving function or a robot 100a that interacts with a self-driving vehicle 100b.

[0663] Robots with autonomous driving capabilities 100a refer to devices that can move autonomously along a given line of movement or determine their own line of movement and move accordingly without user control.

[0664] The robot 100a and the self-driving vehicle 100b, both equipped with autonomous driving capabilities, can use a common sensing method to determine at least one of the following: a travel route or a driving plan. For example, the robot 100a and the self-driving vehicle 100b can use information sensed by lidar, radar, or a camera to determine at least one of the following: a travel route or a driving plan.

[0665] The robot 100a that interacts with the self-driving vehicle 100b can exist separately from the self-driving vehicle 100b and can be associated with autonomous driving functions inside or outside the self-driving vehicle 100b, or can perform operations associated with users riding in the self-driving vehicle 100b.

[0666] Here, the robot 100a interacting with the self-driving vehicle 100b can control or assist the autonomous driving function of the self-driving vehicle 100b by acquiring sensor information (instead of the self-driving vehicle 100b) and providing the sensor information to the self-driving vehicle 100b, or by acquiring sensor information, generating surrounding environment information or object information and providing this information to the self-driving vehicle 100b.

[0667] Alternatively, a robot 100a interacting with the self-driving vehicle 100b can control the functions of the self-driving vehicle 100b by monitoring the user riding in the self-driving vehicle 100b or by interacting with the user. For example, when it is determined that the driver is drowsy, the robot 100a can activate the autonomous driving function of the self-driving vehicle 100b, or it can assist the driver in controlling the self-driving vehicle 100b. Here, the functions of the self-driving vehicle 100b controlled by the robot 100a can include not only autonomous driving functions, but also functions provided by a navigation system or stereo system provided in the self-driving vehicle 100b.

[0668] Alternatively, a robot 100a that interacts with the self-driving vehicle 100b may provide information or assist the functions of the self-driving vehicle 100b outside the self-driving vehicle 100b. For example, the robot 100a may provide the self-driving vehicle 100b with traffic information including signal information like an intelligent traffic light, or may interact with the self-driving vehicle 100b like an automatic charger for electric vehicles to automatically connect the charger to a charging inlet.

[0669] <AI+机器人+XR>

[0670] In combination with AI technology and XR technology, the robot 100a may be configured as a guiding robot, a handling robot, a cleaning robot, a wearable robot, an entertainment robot, a pet robot, an unmanned aerial robot, etc.

[0671] The robot 100a to which XR technology is applied may refer to a robot that is controlled in an XR image / interacts with an XR image. In this case, the robot 100a is different from an XR device 100c and may be connected thereto.

[0672] When the robot 100a to be controlled in an XR image / interacting with an XR image acquires sensor information from a sensor including a camera, the robot 100a or the XR device 100c may generate an XR image based on the sensor information, and the XR device 100c may output the generated XR image. The robot 100a may operate based on a control signal input through the XR device 100c or interaction with a user.

[0673] For example, a user may identify an XR image corresponding to the visual angle of the robot 100a remotely connected through an external device such as the XR device 100c, may adjust an autonomous driving route of the robot 100a, may control the operation or driving of the robot 100a, or may identify information about a neighboring object through interaction.

[0674] <AI+自动驾驶+XR>

[0675] In combination with AI technology and XR technology, the self-driving vehicle 100b may be configured as a mobile robot, a vehicle, an unmanned aerial robot, etc.

[0676] The self-driving vehicle 100b to which XR technology is applied may refer to a self-driving vehicle having a device that provides an XR image or a self-driving vehicle to be controlled in an XR image / interacting with an XR image. In particular, the self-driving vehicle 100b to be controlled in an XR image / interacting with an XR image is different from the XR device 100c and may be connected thereto.

[0677] The self-driving vehicle 100b, equipped with a device for providing XR images, can acquire sensor information from sensors including cameras and can output XR images generated based on the acquired sensor information. For example, the self-driving vehicle 100b may include a HUD to output XR images, thereby providing passengers with XR objects corresponding to real objects on a screen.

[0678] Here, when an XR object is output to a HUD, at least a portion of the XR object can be output to overlap with the real object viewed by the passenger. However, when an XR object is output to a display provided in the autonomous vehicle 100b, at least a portion of the XR object can be output to overlap with an object on the screen. For example, the autonomous vehicle 100b can output XR objects corresponding to objects such as lanes, another vehicle, traffic lights, traffic signs, motorcycles, pedestrians, buildings, etc.

[0679] When the autonomous vehicle 100b, which is to be controlled / interact with an XR image, acquires sensor information from sensors including a camera, the autonomous vehicle 100b or the XR device 100c can generate an XR image based on the sensor information, and the XR device 100c can output the generated XR image. The autonomous vehicle 100b can operate based on control signals input through the XR device 100c or through interaction with the user.

[0680] The channel coding scheme will be described below.

[0681] Channel coding schemes according to some embodiments of this disclosure may generally include low-density parity-check (LDPC) coding schemes for data and polarization coding schemes for control information.

[0682] The network / UE can perform LDPC coding on a PDSCH / PUSCH with two base graphs (BGs). Here, BG1 can be associated with 1 / 3 of the mother code rate, while BG2 can be associated with 1 / 5 of the mother code rate.

[0683] For encoding control information, various encoding schemes are supported, such as repetitive encoding, simplex encoding, and Reed-Muller encoding. When the control information length is greater than 11 bits, polar encoding can be used. The master code size can be 512 for downlink and 1024 for uplink. Uplink control information encoding schemes are summarized in the table below.

[0684] [Table 8]

[0685] 1 Duplicate Codes 2 Simplex code 3-11 Reed-Muller code >11 Polar codes

[0686] Polar coding schemes can be used for PBCH. This coding scheme can be the same as that used for PDCCH.

[0687] The LDPC encoding structure will be described below.

[0688] LDPC codes are (n,k) linear block codes defined by a sparse parity check matrix H in a null space of (nk)×n.

[0689] The LDPC codes applicable to some embodiments of this disclosure can be represented as follows.

[0690] [Equation 2]

[0691] HxT0

[0692]

[0693] Figure 36 An example of a parity check matrix represented as a protograph is shown.

[0694] Specifically, Figure 36 The parity check matrix, which shows the correlation between indicator variable nodes and check nodes, is represented as the original model graph.

[0695] For example, refer to Figure 36 The variable nodes v1, v2, v3, v4, v6 and v7 are associated with the check node c1, and the check nodes c2, c3 and c4 are associated with the variable node v8.

[0696] Figure 37 An example of a polar code encoder structure is shown.

[0697] Specifically, Figure 37 (a) shows an example of the basic modules of a polar code. Figure 37 (b) shows the basic matrix.

[0698] Polar codes are known to be codes that can achieve channel capacity in a discrete memoryless channel (B-DMC) with binary input. That is, channel capacity can be obtained when the code block size N increases to infinity.

[0699] Figure 38 An example of encoder operation for polar codes is illustrated schematically.

[0700] refer to Figure 38Polar code encoders can perform channel combining and channel splitting. Specifically, a polar code encoder can combine existing channels into a vector channel, or it can split a vector channel into multiple new channels. For example, the existing channels before being combined into a single vector channel can be uniform, and the multiple new channels into which a vector channel is divided can be polarized.

[0701] Discontinuous reception (DRX)

[0702] Discontinuous reception (DRX) refers to an operating mode that enables a UE to reduce battery consumption and receive downlink channels intermittently. In other words, a UE configured with DRX can receive UL signals intermittently, thereby reducing power consumption.

[0703] DRX operations are performed within a DRX cycle that indicates a periodic repetition of the on duration. The DRX cycle includes an on duration and a sleep duration (or an opportunity for DRX). The on duration indicates the period during which the UE monitors the PDCCH to receive it.

[0704] DRX can be performed in Radio Resource Control (RRC) Idle (or Mode), RRC Inactive (or Mode), or RRC Connected (or Mode). In RRC Idle and RRC Inactive, DRX can be used to receive paging signals discontinuously.

[0705] -RRC_Idle State: A state in which no radio connection (RRC connection) has been established between the base station and the UE.

[0706] -RRC_Inactive State: A radio connection (RRC connection) has been established between the base station and the UE, but the radio connection is disabled.

[0707] -RRC_Connection Status: The status of a radio connection (RRC connection) established between the base station and the UE.

[0708] DRX can be broadly categorized into Idle Mode DRX, Connected DRX (C-DRX), and Extended DRX.

[0709] DRX applied in idle state can be called idle mode DRX, and DRX applied in connected state can be called connected mode DRX (C-DRX).

[0710] Extended / enhanced DRX (eDRX) is a mechanism that enables the extension of idle mode DRX and C-DRX cycles, and can be primarily used for (large-scale) IoT applications. Whether eDRX is allowed in idle mode DRX can be configured based on system information (e.g., SIB1). SIB1 can include parameters indicating whether eDRX is allowed. These parameters indicate whether extended idle mode DRX is permitted.

[0711] <Idle Mode DRX>

[0712] In idle mode, the UE can use DRX to reduce power consumption. A paging opportunity (PO) is a subframe in which the paging-radio network temporary identifier (P-RNTI) can be sent via the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), MTC PDCCH (MPDCCH), or narrowband PDCCH (NPDCCH) (addressing paging messages for NB-IoT).

[0713] In a P-RNTI transmitted via MPDCCH, the PO can indicate the start subframe of MPDCCH repetition. In the case of a P-RNTI transmitted via NPDCCH, when the subframe determined based on the PO is not a valid NB-IoT downlink subframe, the PO can indicate the start subframe of NPDCCH repetition. Therefore, the first valid NB-IoT downlink subframe after the PO is the start subframe of NPDCCH repetition.

[0714] A paging frame (PF) is a radio frame that can include one or more paging opportunities. When using DRX, the UE only needs to monitor one PO for each DRX cycle. A paging narrow band (PNB) is a narrow band through which the UE receives paging messages. PF, PO, and PNB can be determined based on DRX parameters provided through system information.

[0715] Figure 39 This is a flowchart illustrating an example of performing an idle mode DRX operation.

[0716] refer to Figure 39 The UE can receive idle mode DRX configuration information from the base station via higher-layer signaling (e.g., system information) (S21).

[0717] The UE can determine the paging frame (PF) and paging opportunity (PO) based on idle mode DRX configuration information to monitor the PDCCH during the paging DRX cycle (S22). In this case, the DRX cycle may include an on duration and a sleep duration (or an opportunity for DRX).

[0718] The UE can monitor the PDCCH in the PO of the determined PF (S23). Here, for example, the UE monitors only one subframe (PO) for each paging DRX cycle. Furthermore, when the UE receives a PDCCH scrambled with P-RNTI during the on duration (i.e., when paging is detected), the UE can switch to connected mode and can send data to and receive data from the base station.

[0719] Figure 40 An example of idle mode DRX operation is illustrated schematically.

[0720] refer to Figure 40 A paging of a UE occurs when there is a service directed to the UE in the RRC_Idle state (hereinafter referred to as the Idle state). The UE can wake up periodically (i.e., every (paging) DRX cycle) and can monitor the PDCCH. When there is no paging, the UE can switch to the connected state, receive data, and can enter sleep mode again if no data is available.

[0721] <Connectivity Mode DRX (C-DRX)>

[0722] C-DRX refers to DRX applied in RRC connection mode. C-DRX DRX cycles can include short DRX cycles and / or long DRX cycles. Here, short DRX cycles can be optional.

[0723] When C-DRX is configured, the UE can perform PDCCH monitoring during the enabled duration. If a PDCCH is successfully detected during PDCCH monitoring, the UE can operate (or run) an inactive timer and remain awake. However, if a PDCCH is not successfully detected during PDCCH monitoring, the UE can enter a sleep state after the enabled duration expires.

[0724] When C-DRX is configured, the PDCCH reception timing (e.g., time slots with PDCCH search space) can be configured discontinuously based on C-DRX configuration. However, when C-DRX is not configured, the PDCCH reception timing (e.g., time slots with PDCCH search space) can be configured continuously in this disclosure.

[0725] PDCCH monitoring can be limited to the time period set as the measurement interval, regardless of the C-DRX configuration.

[0726] Figure 41 This is a flowchart illustrating an example of a method for performing C-DRX operations.

[0727] The UE can receive RRC signaling (e.g., MAC-MainConfig IE) including DRX configuration information from the base station (S31).

[0728] DRX configuration information may include the following information.

[0729] -onDurationTimer: The number of PDCCH subframes that can be continuously monitored at the beginning of the DRX loop.

[0730] -drx-InactivityTimer: The number of PDCCH subframes that the UE can continuously monitor when decoding a PDCCH with scheduling information.

[0731] -drx-RetransmissionTimer: The number of PDCCH subframes to continuously monitor when HARQ retransmission is expected.

[0732] -longDRX-Cycle: Enables the duration of the cycle.

[0733] -drxStartOffset: The subframe number at which the DRX loop begins.

[0734] -drxShortCycleTimer: The number of short DRX cycles

[0735] -shortDRX-Cycle: DRX loops through as many drxShortCycleTimers as possible when a Drx-InactivityTimer expires.

[0736] Furthermore, when DRX is set to "on" via the DRX command of the MAC command element (CE) (S32), the UE monitors the PDCCH during the on duration of the DRX cycle based on the DRX configuration (S33).

[0737] Figure 42 An example of DRX operation is illustrated schematically.

[0738] When a UE receives scheduling information (e.g., DL permission) in the RRC_connected state (hereinafter referred to as the connected state), the UE can run the DRX inactivity timer and the RRC inactivity timer.

[0739] When the DRX inactivity timer expires, DRX mode can be initiated. The UE wakes up during the DRX cycle and can monitor the PDCCH for a predetermined time (on a duration timer).

[0740] In this case, if short DRX is configured, when a UE starts the DRX mode, the UE starts with a short DRX cycle first, and then enters a long DRX cycle after the short DRX cycle expires. Herein, the long DRX cycle may correspond to a multiple of the short DRX cycle. In the short DRX cycle, the UE may wake up more frequently. After an RRC inactivity timer expires, the UE may transition to an idle state and perform idle mode DRX operation.

[0741] <IA / RA+DRX operation>

[0742] Figure 43 schematically shows an example of power consumption according to UE states.

[0743] With reference to Figure 43 , after the UE is powered on, the UE performs a startup procedure for loading an application, an initial access / random access procedure for downlink and uplink synchronization with a base station, and a registration procedure with a network. Herein, the current consumption (or power consumption) in each procedure is shown in Figure 42 .

[0744] When the transmission power of the UE is high, the current consumption of the UE may increase. Further, when there is no traffic to be received by the UE or no traffic to be transmitted to the base station, the UE transitions to an idle mode to reduce power consumption and performs idle mode DRX operation.

[0745] When a paging (e.g., a call) occurs during idle mode DRX operation, the UE may transition from the idle mode to a connected mode through a cell setup procedure, and can transmit data to and receive data from the base station.

[0746] When there is no data received from the base station or transmitted to the base station within a specified time in connected mode or at a set time, the UE may perform connected mode DRX (C-DRX).

[0747] When extended DRX (eDRX) is configured for the UE through higher layer signaling (e.g., system information), the UE may perform eDRX operation in idle mode or connected mode.

Claims

1. A method for a base station (BS) to send downlink feedback information (DFI), the method comprising: Sending higher-layer signals to the user equipment (UE), the higher-layer signals including i) information on resources that can be used to transmit the UE's Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), and ii) information on duration; Without sending dynamic permission for the PUSCH, the PUSCH is received from the UE through the first resource in the resources; as well as The DFI, comprising a valid Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) ACK message for the PUSCH, is sent to the UE via a second resource. The duration of the second resource following the first resource.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The PUSCH reception and DFI transmission are performed in the license-free band.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The duration is given in symbolic units.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The duration of the first symbol of the second resource following the last symbol of the first resource.

5. A base station (BS), comprising: At least one transceiver; At least one memory; and At least one processor, operatively connected to the at least one transceiver and the at least one memory, Wherein, the at least one memory stores instructions, the instructions being executed by the at least one processor to cause the at least one processor to perform an operation, the operation including: Sending higher-layer signals to the user equipment (UE), the higher-layer signals including i) information on resources that can be used to transmit the UE's Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), and ii) information on duration; Without sending dynamic permission for the PUSCH, the PUSCH is received from the UE via the first resource among the resources; and The UE is sent a downlink feedback information (DFI) including a valid hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ-ACK) response for the PUSCH, wherein the DFI is sent via a second resource. The duration of the second resource following the first resource.

6. The BS according to claim 5, wherein, The PUSCH reception and DFI transmission are performed in the license-free band.

7. The BS according to claim 5, wherein, The duration is given in symbolic units.

8. The BS according to claim 5, wherein, The duration of the first symbol of the second resource following the last symbol of the first resource.

Images