Rock-burst-resistant anchor rod

Abstract

The application provides an anti-rock-burst anchor rod, and relates to the technical field of anchor rods, which comprises a sliding rod, an elastic rod, a combined component, a strain sensor, a strain indicator and an end rod. When rock burst or rock movement occurs, under the impact or extrusion of the rock, the sliding rod moves to the inside of the elastic rod and compresses the elastic member, so that the elastic rod slides to the end rod in the combined component; when the elastic rod drives the strain sensor to contact the end rod, the strain sensor is deformed under pressure, and the strain sensor feeds back the signal generated by the deformation under pressure to the strain indicator, so that the staff can know the pressure condition of the sliding rod; in addition, the anchor rod can absorb the kinetic energy of the rock to a certain extent when rock burst occurs, slow down the speed of the rock, reduce the harmfulness of the rock to the surrounding things, so that the anchor rod is not easy to fall off from the installation hole, and the safety of the tunnel construction site is further enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of anchor bolt technology, and more specifically, to an anti-rockburst anchor bolt. Background Technology

[0002] Rockburst is a geological hazard that occurs in underground engineering projects when excavation disturbance causes the ejection of rock fragments from surrounding rock that has accumulated high elastic strain energy. Rockburst disasters typically damage machinery and equipment, delay project progress, and when a rockburst occurs, the elastic energy stored in the surrounding rock is suddenly released and largely converted into kinetic energy, seriously threatening the personal safety of engineering workers, affecting construction progress and quality, and sometimes even inducing earthquakes.

[0003] To ensure the safe and smooth construction of the project, effective support is required for the working face and surrounding rock. Rock bolt support is currently the most commonly used support method. However, most existing rock bolts are rigid structures, which have weak pressure absorption capacity when subjected to rockburst impacts and are prone to falling off at the installation point. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The problem that this invention aims to solve is that most existing anchor bolts are rigid structures, which have a weak ability to absorb pressure when subjected to rockburst impacts and are prone to falling off from the installation point.

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides an anti-rockburst anchor bolt, comprising a sliding rod, an elastic rod, a combined component, a strain sensor, a strain indicator, and an end rod. The elastic rod includes a rod body and an elastic element. The rod body is hollow inside and open at one end. The combined component is hollow inside and open at both ends. One end of the sliding rod is slidably mounted inside the rod body through the open end of the rod body. One end of the elastic rod and one end of the end rod are slidably mounted relative to each other inside the combined component through the open ends of the combined component. The strain sensor is mounted on the end of the elastic rod facing the end rod. One end of the elastic element is used to connect to the sliding rod, and the other end of the elastic element is used to pass through the rod body and connect to the strain sensor. The strain indicator is located at the end rod, and the strain sensor and the strain indicator are electrically connected.

[0006] Optionally, the rockburst-resistant anchor bolt further includes a rolling element, which is rotatably mounted in the inner cavity of the end rod and is used to guide the wire between the strain sensor and the strain indicator.

[0007] Optionally, the rockburst-resistant anchor bolt further includes a tray and a shock absorber, the tray being mounted on the end rod, and a plurality of the shock absorbers being arranged around the end rod, with the plurality of the shock absorbers mounted on the tray.

[0008] Optionally, the rockburst-resistant anchor bolt further includes damping plates, and a plurality of the damping plates are installed on the side of the tray away from the combined component, and the plurality of damping plates are electrically connected to the strain indicator respectively.

[0009] Optionally, the rockburst-resistant anchor bolt further includes pressure sensors, with multiple pressure sensors respectively installed at the end of the end rod away from the combined component and at the end of the shock absorber away from the combined component, and the multiple pressure sensors are electrically connected to the strain indicator.

[0010] Optionally, the rockburst-resistant anchor bolt further includes an expansion mechanism, which is mounted on the sliding rod. The expansion mechanism includes expansion components, and multiple expansion components are arranged circumferentially along the sliding rod to prevent the sliding rod from falling out of the rock strata.

[0011] Optionally, the expansion assembly includes a push rod, a first elastic element, and multiple expansion units. The sliding rod is provided with a guide groove, and the push rod is slidably installed in the guide groove. The first elastic element is installed in the guide groove. One end of the push rod is connected to the first elastic element, and the other end of the push rod is used to extend out from the guide groove in the sliding rod. Multiple storage slots are provided on the side wall of the sliding rod, and multiple expansion units are installed one-to-one in the multiple storage slots. One end of the expansion unit is rotatably installed in the storage slot, and the push rod is used to drive the expansion unit to rotate out of the storage slot.

[0012] Optionally, a connecting rod is provided between the expansion unit and the push rod, one end of the connecting rod is rotatably mounted on the push rod, and the other end of the connecting rod is rotatably mounted on the expansion unit, with the acute-angle opening between the connecting rod and the push rod facing the direction of the strain sensor.

[0013] Optionally, the expansion unit includes an expansion rod, a bidirectional column, an elastic cover, a fixing rod, a first claw unit, and a second claw unit. The end of the expansion rod furthest from the combined component is rotatably mounted in the receiving groove. One end of the connecting rod is rotatably mounted in the middle of the expansion rod. The other end of the expansion rod is provided with a second chamber. One end of the bidirectional column is slidably mounted in the second chamber, and the other end of the bidirectional column is slidably mounted in the protective cover. The fixing rod is mounted at the other end of the bidirectional column. The protective cover has a through hole for the fixing rod to be removed from the protective cover. The elastic cover is installed between the protective cover and the other end of the expansion rod, and the elastic cover is used to protect the bidirectional column. The first claw unit is installed in the first chamber of the protective cover, and the second claw unit is installed in the second chamber. The first claw unit and the second claw unit are used to insert into the rock strata to prevent the sliding rod from falling out of the rock strata.

[0014] Optionally, the first claw unit includes a first claw, a first guide block, and a second elastic element. Multiple first claws are circumferentially arranged around the fixed rod. One end of each first claw is rotatably mounted on the other end of the bidirectional column. The first guide block is mounted on the inner wall of the first chamber away from the bidirectional column, and the first guide block guides the first claw to extend from a hole in the side wall of the protective cover. Both ends of the second elastic element are respectively mounted on the other end of the bidirectional column and the inner wall of the first chamber. The second claw unit includes a second claw, a second guide block, and a third elastic element. Multiple second claws are circumferentially arranged. One end of each second claw is rotatably mounted on the inner wall of the second chamber away from the bidirectional column. The second guide block is mounted on one end of the bidirectional column, and the second guide block guides the second claw to extend from a hole in the side wall of the expansion rod. Both ends of the third elastic element are respectively mounted on one end of the bidirectional column and the inner wall of the second chamber.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention provides an anti-rockburst anchor bolt. One end of the sliding rod is first installed into a pre-drilled hole. When a rockburst or rock movement occurs, the sliding rod, slidably installed within an elastic rod, with an elastic element within the rod, moves inward under the impact or pressure of the rock, compressing the elastic element. This causes the elastic rod to slide towards the end rod within the assembly. When the elastic rod brings the strain sensor into contact with the end rod, the elastic element within the elastic rod compresses the strain sensor, causing it to deform. The strain sensor feeds back the signal generated by this deformation to a strain indicator, allowing workers to understand the pressure on the sliding rod and predict rock movement, enabling them to take more preventative and hazard-avoidance measures before a rockburst occurs. Furthermore, the sliding arrangement between the sliding rod, elastic rod, assembly, and end rod can absorb the kinetic energy of the rock during a rockburst, slowing its speed and reducing its harmfulness to surrounding objects. This also makes the anchor bolt less likely to detach from the installation hole, further enhancing the safety of tunnel construction. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a rockburst-resistant anchor bolt according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of an expansion mechanism inside a sliding rod in an embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of an expansion unit in an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0017] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Sliding rod; 2. Elastic rod; 3. Combined component; 4. Strain sensor; 5. Rolling element; 6. Tray; 7. Shock absorber; 8. Strain indicator; 9. Damping plate; 10. End rod; 11. Pressure sensor; 12. Expansion rod; 13. Push rod; 14. Connecting rod; 15. Guide groove; 16. First elastic element; 17. Receiving groove; 18. Bidirectional column; 19. Elastic cover; 20. First claw; 21. First guide block; 22. Fixing rod; 23. First chamber; 24. Second elastic element; 25. Second chamber; 26. Second claw; 27. Second guide block; 28. Third elastic element. Detailed Implementation

[0018] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0019] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of the invention described herein can be implemented in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein.

[0020] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "embodiment," "one embodiment," and "one implementation" indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or implementation is included in at least one embodiment or implementation of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or implementation. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or implementations.

[0021] Figure 1A schematic diagram of a rockburst-resistant anchor bolt according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. The rockburst-resistant anchor bolt includes a sliding rod 1, an elastic rod 2, a combined component 3, a strain sensor 4, a strain indicator 8, and an end rod 10. The elastic rod 2 includes a rod body and an elastic element. The rod body is hollow inside and open at one end. The combined component 3 is hollow inside and open at both ends. One end of the sliding rod 1 is slidably installed in the rod body through the open end of the rod body. One end of the elastic rod 2 and one end of the end rod 10 are respectively slidably installed in the combined component 3 through the open ends of the combined component 3. The strain sensor 4 is installed at the end of the elastic rod 2 facing the end rod 10. One end of the elastic element is used to connect to the sliding rod 1, and the other end of the elastic element is used to pass through the rod body and connect to the strain sensor 4. The strain indicator 8 is disposed at the end rod 10, and the strain sensor 4 and the strain indicator 8 are electrically connected.

[0022] Specifically, the elastic element can be a spring or a sheet, or other elastic element with tensile and restoring properties. In engineering applications, anchor bolt holes are set, and drilling rigs are used to create holes with a depth greater than the appropriate length of the anchor bolt. Anchor bolts are then laid appropriately around the working face to protect the entire working face. Concrete is sprayed onto the outside of the anchor bolts to form a lining, and a protective net can be installed on the outermost layer as needed. The anchor bolts of this invention are then installed into the drilled holes. Due to the installation of anchor bolts in the surrounding rock, the mechanical state of the surrounding rock itself changes. The anchor bolt support forms a unified and stable rock band around the roadway, improving the stability of the roadway through the combined action of the anchor bolts and the surrounding rock.

[0023] In this embodiment, the end of the sliding rod 1 is first installed into a pre-drilled hole. When a rockburst or rock movement occurs, the sliding rod 1 is slidably installed inside the elastic rod 2, and the elastic rod 2 has an elastic element inside. Under the impact or compression of the rock, the sliding rod 1 moves inward and compresses the elastic element, causing the elastic rod 2 to slide towards the end rod 10 in the combined component 3. When the elastic rod 2 drives the strain sensor 4 to contact the end rod 10, the elastic element inside the elastic rod 2 compresses the strain sensor 4, causing the strain sensor 4 to deform under pressure. The strain sensor 4 feeds back the signal generated by the deformation to the strain indicator 8, so that the staff can understand the pressure condition of the sliding rod 1, which helps the staff predict the movement of the rock and take more protective and risk avoidance work before a rockburst occurs. In addition, the sliding arrangement between the sliding rod 1, the elastic rod 2, the combined component 3, and the end rod 10 can absorb the kinetic energy of the rock to a certain extent during a rockburst, slow down the speed of the rock, reduce the damage of the rock to the surrounding objects, and make the anchor less likely to fall out of the installation hole, further enhancing the safety of tunnel construction.

[0024] In one embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 1The rockburst-resistant anchor bolt also includes a rolling element 5, which is rotatably installed in the inner cavity of the end rod 10. The rolling element 5 is used to guide the wire between the strain sensor 4 and the strain indicator 8, placing the wire inside the end rod 10 to prevent damage. The rolling element 5 also helps to organize the wire's arrangement, facilitating maintenance. Alternatively, the rolling element 5 can protrude from the end rod 10, meaning its diameter is larger than the end rod 10's diameter, with the wire passing through either inside or from the side of the rolling element 5. Because the rolling element 5 protrudes from the end rod 10, when rock impacts its location, the rolling element 5 rolls, dissipating the impact force and allowing the rock to pass through the side of the end rod 10.

[0025] In one embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 1 The rockburst-resistant anchor bolt also includes a tray 6 and a shock absorber 7. The tray 6 is mounted on the end rod 10, and multiple shock absorbers 7 are arranged around the end rod 10. These shock absorbers 7 can be hydraulic shock absorbers, which internally consist of a floating piston, hydraulic oil, and an inner tube. Installing multiple shock absorbers 7 is to counteract the impact force from external objects on the anchor bolt, prevent damage, and increase its service life. In addition, the cavity of the combined component 3, the interior of the tray 6, and the interior of the end rod 10, except for the rolling element 5, are filled with shock-absorbing material, which can be shock-absorbing rubber, foam energy-absorbing material, or honeycomb energy-absorbing material.

[0026] In one embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 1 The rockburst-resistant anchor bolt also includes damping plates 9. Multiple damping plates 9 are installed on the side of the tray 6 away from the combined component 3, and each damping plate 9 is electrically connected to the strain indicator 8. The multiple damping plates 9 can monitor in real time whether there are falling rocks or other foreign objects accumulating on the tray 6. When the signal fed back by the multiple damping plates 9 on the strain indicator 8 is abnormal, it reminds the staff to maintain the anchor bolt in a timely manner. The damping plates 9 may be covered with rubber material, or the damping plates 9 may be made of rubber material.

[0027] In one embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 1The rockburst-resistant anchor bolt also includes pressure sensors 11. Multiple pressure sensors 11 are respectively installed at the end of the end rod 10 away from the combined component 3 and at the end of the shock absorber 7 away from the combined component 3. Each pressure sensor 11 is electrically connected to the strain indicator 8. The multiple pressure sensors 11 can provide feedback on the magnitude of the impact force of external objects on the anchor bolt via the strain indicator 8. When the impact force exceeds the anchor bolt's bearing capacity, personnel should promptly inspect the site and replace the damaged anchor bolt. Alternatively, if multiple pressure sensors 11 provide continuous signals to the strain indicator 8, it indicates that the anchor bolt has been continuously impacted by external objects, possibly due to rockfall or cracking around the anchor bolt or between two adjacent anchor bolts. Personnel should be alerted to promptly inspect the site.

[0028] When a rockburst occurs in an underground project, the energy released by the surrounding rock acts on the anchor bolt. The sliding rod 1 and elastic rod 2 at its front end work together, while the spring plays a major role in shock absorption and vibration reduction through deformation. The spring's displacement can be monitored by the strain sensor 4, which displays the real-time strain change on the strain indicator 8 on the tray 6. After stress redistribution and equilibrium, the anchor bolt has the ability to recover within its yield limit. Additionally, the rolling element 5 rotates under force, providing a pressure relief effect. The tray 6, with its internal regularly circular rubber filling, also acts as a shock absorber, absorbing impact. Simultaneously, the damper 7 installed on the tray 6 converts kinetic energy into potential energy through piston and hydraulic oil operation during severe rockburst impacts, achieving a shock absorption effect. The anchor bolt of this invention has multiple functions of pressure relief, shock absorption, and energy absorption, significantly improving its energy absorption and pressure relief capabilities.

[0029] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of an expansion mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. The rockburst-resistant anchor bolt further includes an expansion mechanism, which is installed on the sliding rod 1 and is used to prevent the sliding rod 1 from falling out of the rock layer. The expansion mechanism includes expansion components, and a plurality of expansion components are arranged circumferentially along the sliding rod 1 and installed on the sliding rod 1 to prevent the sliding rod 1 from falling out of the rock layer.

[0030] For example, the expansion component can be an airbag or a trigger-type airbag mounted on the sliding rod 1. When the sliding rod 1 is compressed or the airbag is impacted, the airbag inflates, increasing the resistance between the sliding rod 1 and the mounting hole; for example, the expansion component can also be... Figure 2The expansion rod 12 shown can be connected to the sliding rod 1 by a spring. When the sliding rod 1 moves into the mounting hole, the spring between the expansion rod 12 and the sliding rod 1 is compressed. When the sliding rod 1 tries to exit the hole, the free end of the expansion rod 12 protrudes from the sliding rod 1 due to the resistance of the hole wall and the outward squeezing force of the spring, preventing the sliding rod 1 from exiting the mounting hole further. Therefore, the multiple expansion mechanisms arranged around the sliding rod 1, each including multiple expansion components, can increase the resistance between the sliding rod 1 and the mounting hole, making it difficult for the sliding rod 1 to exit the mounting hole and enhancing the rock burst resistance of the rock strata.

[0031] In one embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 2 The expansion assembly includes a push rod 13, a first elastic element 16, and multiple expansion units. A guide groove 15 is provided on the sliding rod 1. The push rod 13 is slidably installed in the guide groove 15. The first elastic element 16 is installed in the guide groove 15. One end of the push rod 13 is connected to the first elastic element 16. The other end of the push rod 13 is used to extend out of the guide groove 15 in the sliding rod 1. Multiple storage slots 17 are provided on the side wall of the sliding rod 1. Multiple expansion units are installed one-to-one in the multiple storage slots 17. One end of the expansion unit is rotatably installed in the storage slot 17. The push rod 13 is used to drive the expansion unit to rotate out of the storage slot 17.

[0032] Specifically, when a rockburst occurs or the rock strata deform or shift, the rock moves closer to the sliding rod 1, and the rock squeezes the push rod 13, causing the push rod 13 to squeeze the first elastic element 16 and move it into the sliding rod 1. The push rod 13 drives the expansion unit to rotate out of the receiving groove 17, so that the expansion unit abuts against the wall of the mounting hole. The more severe the rock squeezes or impacts the push rod 13, the greater the squeezing force of the expansion unit against the wall of the mounting hole, the greater the resistance to the expansion unit, and the more difficult it is for the sliding rod 1 to exit from the mounting hole.

[0033] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of an expansion mechanism inside a sliding rod in an embodiment of the present invention is shown. A connecting rod 14 is provided between the expansion unit and the push rod 13. One end of the connecting rod 14 is rotatably mounted on the push rod 13, and the other end of the connecting rod 14 is rotatably mounted on the expansion unit. The acute-angle opening between the connecting rod 14 and the push rod 13 faces the direction of the strain sensor 4.

[0034] Specifically, when push rod 13 moves into sliding rod 1, push rod 13 drives connecting rod 14 to rotate, the acute angle between push rod 13 and connecting rod 14 gradually increases, and connecting rod 14 gradually changes from an inclined state to a vertical state, so that connecting rod 14 drives expansion unit to move out of storage slot 17.

[0035] In one embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 3 The expansion unit includes an expansion rod 12, a bidirectional column 18, an elastic cover 19, a fixing rod 22, a first claw unit, and a second claw unit. The end of the expansion rod 12 furthest from the combined component 3 is rotatably mounted in the receiving groove 17. One end of the connecting rod 14 is rotatably mounted in the middle of the expansion rod 12. The other end of the expansion rod 12 is provided with a second chamber 25. One end of the bidirectional column 18 is slidably mounted in the second chamber 25, and the other end of the bidirectional column 18 is slidably mounted in the protective cover. The fixing rod 22 is mounted at the other end of the bidirectional column 18. The protective cover has a through hole for the fixing rod 22 to be removed from the protective cover. The elastic cover 19 is installed between the protective cover and the other end of the expansion rod 12. The elastic cover 19 is used to protect the bidirectional column 18. The first claw unit is installed in the first chamber 23 of the protective cover, and the second claw unit is installed in the second chamber 25. The first claw unit and the second claw unit are used to insert into the rock strata to prevent the sliding rod 1 from falling out of the rock strata.

[0036] Specifically, when the expansion rod 12 is removed from the receiving groove 17, it drives the bidirectional column 18, the elastic cover 19, and the protective cover to move out of the receiving groove 17 together. The protective cover abuts against the inner wall of the anchor bolt mounting hole, and is squeezed. The elastic cover 19 is compressed accordingly. The bidirectional column 18 moves into the first chamber 23 and the second chamber 25. The fixing rod 22 moves out of the first chamber 23 and inserts into the side wall of the anchor bolt mounting hole, thus fixing one end of the expansion rod 12. When the rock further compresses the push rod 13, the expansion rod 12 cannot move because the fixing rod 22 is inserted into the side wall of the mounting hole. The entire anchor bolt will not move outward in the mounting hole, improving the stability of the anchor bolt against the rock. In addition, as the distance between the two ends of the bidirectional column 18 entering the first chamber 23 and the second chamber 25 increases, the bidirectional column 18 drives the first and second claw units to extend out of the first and second chambers 23 and into the anchor bolt mounting hole, enhancing the fixing strength of the expansion rod 12.

[0037] In one embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 3The first claw unit includes a first claw 20, a first guide block 21, and a second elastic element 24. Multiple first claws 20 are arranged circumferentially around the fixed rod 22. One end of each first claw 20 is rotatably mounted on the other end of the bidirectional post 18. The first guide block 21 is mounted on the inner wall of the first chamber 23 away from the bidirectional post 18. The first guide block 21 guides the first claws 20 to extend from holes in the side wall of the protective cover. The two ends of the second elastic element 24 are respectively mounted on the other end of the bidirectional post 18 and the first chamber 23. On the inner wall of 3; the second claw unit includes a second claw 26, a second guide block 27 and a third elastic element 28. A plurality of second claws 26 are arranged circumferentially. One end of the second claw 26 is rotatably mounted on the inner wall of the second chamber 25 away from the bidirectional column 18. The second guide block 27 is mounted on one end of the bidirectional column 18. The second guide block 27 is used to guide the second claw 26 to extend out from the hole opened on the side wall of the expansion rod 12. The two ends of the third elastic element 28 are respectively mounted on one end of the bidirectional column 18 and on the inner wall of the second chamber 25.

[0038] Specifically, as the expansion rod 12 is continuously withdrawn from the receiving groove 17, the cover and the anchor bolt mounting hole are continuously squeezed, and the distance between the two ends of the bidirectional column 18 entering the first chamber 23 and the second chamber 25 continuously increases. The second elastic element 24 and the third elastic element 28 are squeezed, and the first guide block 21 and the second guide block 27 respectively guide the first claw 20 and the second claw 26 to extend out from the first chamber 23 and the second chamber 25. This is equivalent to many "barbs" extending out of the expansion rod 12, which enhances the ability of the expansion rod 12 to "grip" the rock and further enhances the stability of the expansion rod 12, making it difficult for the sliding rod 1 to withdraw from the mounting hole.

[0039] While the present invention has been disclosed above, it is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can make various modifications and alterations without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention; therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope defined in the claims.

Claims

1. A rockburst-resistant anchor bolt, characterized in that, The assembly includes a sliding rod (1), an elastic rod (2), a combined component (3), a strain sensor (4), a strain indicator (8), and an end rod (10). The elastic rod (2) includes a rod body and an elastic element. The rod body is hollow inside and open at one end. The combined component (3) is hollow inside and open at both ends. One end of the sliding rod (1) is slidably installed inside the rod body through the open end of the rod body. One end of the elastic rod (2) and the end rod (10) are respectively slidably installed in the combined component (3) through the open end of the combined component (3). The strain sensor (4) is installed at the end of the elastic rod (2) facing the end rod (10). One end of the elastic element is used to connect with the sliding rod (1), and the other end of the elastic element is used to pass through the rod body and connect with the strain sensor (4). The strain indicator (8) is located at the end rod (10), and the strain sensor (4) is electrically connected to the strain indicator (8).

2. The rockburst-resistant anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a rolling element (5) which is rotatably mounted in the cavity of the end rod (10) and is used to guide the wire between the strain sensor (4) and the strain indicator (8).

3. The rockburst-resistant anchor bolt according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a tray (6) and a damper (7), the tray (6) being mounted on the end rod (10), and a plurality of the dampers (7) being arranged around the end rod (10), the plurality of dampers (7) being mounted on the tray (6).

4. The rockburst-resistant anchor bolt according to claim 3, characterized in that, It also includes damping plates (9), a plurality of the damping plates (9) are mounted on the side of the tray (6) away from the combined member (3), and the plurality of the damping plates (9) are electrically connected to the strain indicator (8).

5. The rockburst-resistant anchor bolt according to claim 3, characterized in that, It also includes pressure sensors (11), and multiple pressure sensors (11) are respectively installed at one end of the end rod (10) away from the combined member (3) and at one end of the shock absorber (7) away from the combined member (3), and multiple pressure sensors (11) are respectively electrically connected to the strain indicator (8).

6. The rockburst-resistant anchor bolt according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, It also includes an expansion mechanism, which is mounted on the sliding rod (1). The expansion mechanism includes expansion components, and multiple expansion components are arranged circumferentially along the sliding rod (1). The multiple expansion components are mounted on the sliding rod (1) to prevent the sliding rod (1) from falling out of the rock strata.

7. The rockburst-resistant anchor bolt according to claim 6, characterized in that, The expansion assembly includes a push rod (13), a first elastic element (16), and multiple expansion units. A guide groove (15) is provided on the sliding rod (1). The push rod (13) is slidably installed in the guide groove (15). The first elastic element (16) is installed in the guide groove (15). One end of the push rod (13) is connected to the first elastic element (16). The other end of the push rod (13) is used to extend out from the guide groove (15) in the sliding rod (1). Multiple storage slots (17) are provided on the side wall of the sliding rod (1). Multiple expansion units are installed in the multiple storage slots (17) one by one. One end of the expansion unit is rotatably installed in the storage slot (17). The push rod (13) is used to drive the expansion unit to rotate out from the storage slot (17).

8. The rockburst-resistant anchor bolt according to claim 7, characterized in that, A connecting rod (14) is provided between the expansion unit and the push rod (13). One end of the connecting rod (14) is rotatably mounted on the push rod (13), and the other end of the connecting rod (14) is rotatably mounted on the expansion unit. The acute angle opening between the connecting rod (14) and the push rod (13) faces the direction of the strain sensor (4).

9. The rockburst-resistant anchor bolt according to claim 8, characterized in that, The expansion unit includes an expansion rod (12), a bidirectional column (18), an elastic cover (19), a fixing rod (22), a first claw unit, and a second claw unit. One end of the expansion rod (12) away from the combined component (3) is rotatably mounted in the receiving slot (17). One end of the connecting rod (14) is rotatably mounted in the middle of the expansion rod (12). The other end of the expansion rod (12) is provided with a second chamber (25). One end of the bidirectional column (18) is slidably mounted in the second chamber (25), and the other end of the bidirectional column (18) is slidably mounted in the cover. The fixing rod (22) is installed at the other end of the bidirectional column (18). The protective cover is provided with a through hole for the fixing rod (22) to move out of the protective cover. The elastic cover (19) is installed between the protective cover and the other end of the expansion rod (12). The elastic cover (19) is used to protect the bidirectional column (18). The first claw unit is installed in the first chamber (23) of the protective cover, and the second claw unit is installed in the second chamber (25). The first claw unit and the second claw unit are used to insert into the rock layer to prevent the sliding rod (1) from falling out of the rock layer.

10. The rockburst-resistant anchor bolt according to claim 9, characterized in that, The first claw unit includes a first claw (20), a first guide block (21), and a second elastic element (24). Multiple first claws (20) are arranged circumferentially around the fixed rod (22). One end of each first claw (20) is rotatably mounted on the other end of the bidirectional column (18). The first guide block (21) is mounted on the inner wall of the first chamber (23) away from the bidirectional column (18). The first guide block (21) guides the first claw (20) to extend from the hole in the side wall of the protective cover. The two ends of the second elastic element (24) are respectively mounted on the other end of the bidirectional column (18) and the first chamber (23). The second claw unit includes a second claw (26), a second guide block (27) and a third elastic element (28). Multiple second claws (26) are arranged circumferentially. One end of the second claw (26) is rotatably mounted on the inner wall of the second chamber (25) away from the bidirectional column (18). The second guide block (27) is mounted on one end of the bidirectional column (18). The second guide block (27) is used to guide the second claw (26) to extend out from the hole opened on the side wall of the expansion rod (12). The two ends of the third elastic element (28) are respectively mounted on one end of the bidirectional column (18) and the inner wall of the second chamber (25).

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