Method and device for testing ion erosion of marine structure in large water level difference tidal environment

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of large water level difference tidal environment under marine structure ion erosion test method and device, belong to building engineering durability problem research technical field, the present application is by controlling water level fluctuation time, in each tidal cycle with test component model in large water level difference tidal environment under marine structure ion erosion test device local water level duration process instead of actual engineering component in the ion erosion law of entire tidal cycle process, realize the transmission law of erosion ion in actual engineering component under the condition of large water level difference in laboratory limited height space, solved the problem that current test method and device cannot simulate marine structure ion erosion under large water level difference tidal environment in laboratory limited height space.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of building engineering durability research, specifically, it relates to a method and apparatus for testing ion erosion of marine structures under tidal conditions with large water level differences. Background Technology

[0002] Reinforced concrete and steel structures are commonly used in nearshore construction projects. The tidal action of the ocean causes building components to be in an alternating wet and dry state, which accelerates the corrosion of engineering components by harmful ions such as chloride, magnesium, and sulfate in seawater, and reduces the service life of the building.

[0003] Current traditional experimental methods for studying the ion erosion patterns under tidal action include the natural immersion method and the tidal circulation method. The natural immersion method uses the drying-to-wetting time ratio (dry-to-wet ratio) to represent the environment of structures at different elevations under tidal action, immersing the specimen in the erosion solution for a period of time according to the dry-to-wet ratio before drying. The tidal circulation method places the specimen in a tidal circulation device, simulating tidal changes with continuous small water level fluctuations. The natural immersion method neglects the influence of complex factors such as drying-to-wetting frequency and capillary adsorption on the structure. While the traditional tidal circulation method considers both the dry-to-wetting ratio and the drying-to-wetting frequency on engineering components, the experimental results using small water level differences deviate from the real tidal environment, and continuous large water level differences are difficult to achieve within the limited height space of a laboratory. Therefore, this invention discloses a method and device for testing the ion erosion of marine structures under tidal conditions with large water level differences, solving the problem that the traditional tidal circulation method cannot simulate large water level differences within the limited height space of a laboratory. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To overcome the problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a method and apparatus for simulating ion erosion of marine structures under large water level difference tidal conditions. By controlling the rise and fall time of the water level, the local water level duration within the test device for ion erosion of marine structures under large water level difference tidal conditions is measured during each tidal cycle.

[0005] The process replaces the actual ion erosion law of engineering components throughout the tidal cycle, realizing the simulation of the transport law of erosion ions in engineering components under large water level difference in a laboratory space with limited height. The obtained ion erosion law is more consistent with the actual situation under large water level difference environment than the traditional test scheme.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: A method for testing the ion erosion of marine structures under large water level difference tidal conditions is proposed. In each tidal cycle, the local water level duration of the test component model in the marine structure ion erosion test device under large water level difference tidal conditions is used to replace the ion erosion law of the actual engineering component in the entire tidal cycle.

[0007] The actual engineering components are located near the high tide level, that is, near the crest of the tidal wave. The following method is used to simulate the tidal process in each cycle: Step S1-1: Inject simulated seawater solution into the ion erosion test device. The water level rises to the highest water level H of the ion erosion test device in time t1, thereby simulating the tidal process at the actual engineering component location. Step S1-2: After the water level reaches the highest water level H of the ion erosion test device, simulated seawater solution is extracted from the ion erosion test device. The water level drops to a waterless state in time t2, thereby simulating the ebb tide process at the actual engineering component location. Step S1-3: Then, keep the ion etching test device in a waterless state for a period of time t3 to simulate the ion etching process of actual engineering components during low tide. The times thigh1, thigh2, and thigh3 can be determined based on equations (1) and (2), and the specific calculation method is as follows: t Grade 1 = t high arcsin in, A > H (1) t High 3 = T _ t Grade 11 t Grade 2 (2) In the formula, thigh1 is the time it takes for the solution to rise from the bottom of the test component model to the highest water level H of the ion erosion test device; thigh2 is the time it takes for the solution to fall from the highest water level H of the ion erosion test device to the bottom of the test component model; thigh3 is the time the ion erosion test device remains in a waterless state; T is the tidal period; A is... Tidal range; H is the highest water level of the ion erosion test apparatus.

[0008] The actual engineering components are located near low tide, that is, near the trough of the tidal wave. The following method is used to simulate the tidal process in each cycle: Step S2-1: Inject simulated seawater solution into the ion erosion test device. The water level rises from t1 to the highest water level H in the ion erosion test device to simulate the tidal process at the actual engineering component location. Step S2-2: After step S2-1, keep the test device at the H water level for t low for 2 hours to simulate the ion erosion process of actual engineering components during the high tide stage; Step S2-3: Extract the simulated seawater solution from the ion erosion test device, and the water level drops to a anhydrous state within time tlow3, so as to simulate the ebb process at the position of actual engineering components, and the above steps are cycled within each cycle T; The above-mentioned times tlow1, tlow2, and tlow3 can be determined based on formula (3) and formula (4), and the specific calculation method is as follows: t tlow1= t low arcsin wherein, A > H (3) t tlow2= T _ t tlow1 _ t tlow3 (4) In the formula, tlow1 is the time for the solution to rise from the bottom of the component to the highest water level H of the ion erosion test device; tlow2 is the time for the ion erosion test device to maintain an anhydrous state; tlow3 is the time for the solution to drop from the highest water level H of the ion erosion test device to the bottom of the test component model; T is the tidal cycle; A is the tidal range; H is the highest water level of the ion erosion test device.

[0009] The actual engineering component is located at the middle tide level, that is, any position between the peak and trough of a tidal wave, and the following method is used to simulate the tidal process in each cycle: Step S3-1: Inject the simulated seawater solution into the ion erosion test device, and the water level rises to the highest water level H of the ion erosion test device within time tmid1, so as to simulate the flood process at the position of the actual engineering component; Step S3-2: After the water level reaches the highest water level H of the ion erosion test device, keep it stationary within time tmid2, so as to simulate the tidal process above the position where the actual engineering component is located; Step S3-3: Extract the simulated seawater solution from the ion erosion test device, and the water level drops to an anhydrous state within time tmid3, so as to simulate the ebb process at the position of the actual engineering component; Step S3-4: Then keep the ion erosion test device in an anhydrous state for time tmid4, so as to simulate the tidal process below the position of the actual engineering component; The above-mentioned times tmid1, tmid2, tmid3, and tmid4 can be determined based on formula (5) and formula (6), and the specific calculation method is as follows: t tmid1= t mid arcsin wherein, A > H (5) t t2 = t t4 = ( T - t t1 - t t3 ) / 2 (6) in the formula, t1 is the time for the water level to rise from the bottom of the test component model to the highest water level H of the ion erosion test device; t2 is the time for the water level of the ion erosion test device to maintain the highest water level H of the ion erosion test device; t3 is the time for the solution to drop from the highest water level H of the ion erosion test device to the bottom of the test component model; t4 is the time for the ion erosion test device to maintain a water-free state; T is the tidal cycle; A is the tidal range; H is the highest water level of the ion erosion test device.

[0010] An ion erosion test device for marine structures in tidal environment with large water level difference comprises an environment water tank 1, an operation table 2, a control system 3, a flow pump 4, a water pipe 5, a connecting pipe 6, a humidifying device 7 and a test water tank 10, wherein the environment water tank 1 is installed at the bottom of the operation table 2, the test water tank 10 is communicated with the environment water tank 1 through the water pipe 5, an overflow hole 11 for limiting the highest water level of the test water tank 10 is formed in the upper side wall of the test water tank 10, the flow pump 4 is installed on the water pipe 5, the humidifying device 7 is installed at the top of the test water tank 10, the humidifying device 7 is connected with the environment water tank 1 through the connecting pipe 6, and the flow pump 4 and the humidifying device 7 are connected with the control system 3.

[0011] further, a temperature and humidity sensor 8 is installed in the test water tank 10, and the temperature and humidity sensor 8 is connected to

[0012] the control system 3.

[0013] further, an infrared heating lamp 9 is installed in the test water tank 10, and the infrared heating lamp 9 is connected with the control system 3.

[0014] further, a dehumidifying device is installed at the top of the test water tank 10, the dehumidifying device is an air suction system, and the dehumidifying device is connected with the control system 3.

[0015] Beneficial effects of the present invention: This invention controls the rise and fall of water levels, and within each tidal cycle, uses the local water level duration within the test component model in a marine structure ion erosion test device under large water level difference tidal conditions to replace the ion erosion law of the actual engineering component during the entire tidal cycle. This allows for the simulation of the transport law of erosion ions in actual engineering components under large water level difference conditions within a limited height space in the laboratory, solving the problem that current test methods and devices cannot simulate the ion erosion of marine structures under large water level difference tidal conditions within a limited height space in the laboratory. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 is a flowchart of the experimental method of the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the principle of simulating a large water level difference tidal environment (high tide level) in this invention; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the principle of simulating a large water level difference tidal environment (intermediate tide level) according to the present invention; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the principle of simulating a large water level difference tidal environment (low tide) in this invention; Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the mechanism of the marine structure ion erosion test device under large water level difference tidal environment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of the present invention clearer, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, so as to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art.

[0018] An ion erosion testing device for marine structures under large water level difference tidal conditions mainly includes an environmental water tank 1, an operating platform 2, a control system 3, a flow pump 4, water pipes 5, connecting pipes 6, a humidification device 7, and a test water tank 10. The environmental water tank 1 is installed at the bottom of the operating platform 2. The test water tank 10 is connected to the environmental water tank 1 via the water pipes 5. An overflow hole 11 is provided on the upper side wall of the test water tank 10 to limit its maximum water level. That is, the water level height of the test water tank 10 limited by the overflow hole 11 is the highest water level H of the test component model 12 in the ion erosion testing device when simulating the ion erosion law of actual engineering components throughout the entire tidal cycle. A flow pump 4 is installed on the water pipes 5. The humidification device 7 is installed on the top of the test water tank 10 and is connected to the environmental water tank 1 via the connecting pipes 6. The flow pump 4 and the humidification device 7 are connected to the control system 3. The solution in the test tank and the environmental tank is exchanged under the control of a flow pump to realize the change of liquid level in the test tank, simulating the rise and fall of tides. By controlling the rise and fall time of the water level, the local water level duration at the location of the engineering component is simulated, replacing the entire tidal cycle process. This realizes the simulation of the transport law of erosion ions in engineering components under large water level difference in a limited laboratory space. It solves the problem that it is difficult to simulate the ion erosion phenomenon under large water level difference tidal environment in a limited laboratory space. The obtained ion erosion law is more consistent with the actual situation under large water level difference environment than traditional test methods.

[0019] The test component model 12 is installed in the test water tank 10. Simulated seawater solution is injected into the test device. The solutions in the test water tank and the environmental water tank are exchanged under the control of the flow pump to realize the liquid level change in the test tank and simulate the rise and fall of tides. The ambient temperature and humidity are detected by the temperature and humidity sensor 8. The humidification device 7, dehumidification device and infrared heating lamp 9 are controlled by the control system 3 to regulate the ambient temperature and humidity, simulating the temperature and humidity under the marine tidal environment. By controlling the rise and fall time of the water level, the local water level duration process at the location of the engineering component is simulated, replacing the entire tidal cycle process. The obtained component ion erosion law is more consistent with the actual situation under the large water level difference environment than the traditional test method.

[0020] The test water tank 10 is equipped with a temperature and humidity sensor 8, which is connected to the control system.

[0021] 3. Connection.

[0022] The test water tank 10 is equipped with an infrared heating lamp 9, which is connected to the control system 3. The dehumidification device and the infrared heating lamp control the temperature and humidity of the test water tank to simulate the temperature and humidity under marine tidal conditions.

[0023] The humidification device 7 is an atomizing spray head. The test water tank 10 is equipped with a dehumidification device on top, which is an air extraction system connected to the control system 3. The ambient temperature and humidity are detected by the temperature and humidity sensor 8, and the control system 3 controls the operation of the humidification device 7, the dehumidification device, and the infrared heating lamp 9 to regulate the ambient temperature and humidity, simulating the temperature and humidity under ocean tidal conditions.

[0024] A method for testing the ion erosion of marine structures under large water level difference tidal conditions is proposed. In each tidal cycle, the local water level duration of the test component within the marine structure ion erosion test device under large water level difference tidal conditions is used to replace the ion erosion law of the engineering component during the entire tidal cycle.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] The engineering components are located near the high tide level, i.e., near the tidal wave crest. The following method is used to simulate the tidal process in each cycle: Step S1-1: Inject simulated seawater solution into the ion erosion test device. The water level rises to the highest water level H of the ion erosion test device in time t1, thereby simulating the tidal process near the high tide level. Step S1-2: After the water level reaches the highest water level H of the ion erosion test device, simulated seawater solution is extracted from the ion erosion test device. The water level drops to a waterless state in time t2, thereby simulating the ebb tide process near the high tide level. Step S1-3: Then, keep the ion etching test device in a waterless state for a period of time t3 to simulate the ion etching process of the test component during the low tide stage. The times thigh1, thigh2, and thigh3 can be determined based on equations (1) and (2), and the specific calculation method is as follows: t Grade 1 = t high arcsin in, A > H (1) t High 3 = T _ t Grade 11 t Grade 2 (2) In the formula, t_high1 is the time it takes for the solution to rise from the bottom of the test component to the highest water level H of the ion erosion test device; t_high2 is the time it takes for the solution to fall from the highest water level H of the ion erosion test device to the bottom of the test component; t_high3 is the time it takes for the ion erosion test device to remain in a waterless state; T is the tidal period; A is the tidal range; and H is the highest water level of the ion erosion test device.

[0027] Based on the simulated marine environment, with a tidal cycle of T=24h, a tidal range of A=2.5m, an ambient temperature of 30℃, and an ambient relative humidity of 75%, the ion erosion pattern of the concrete structure at the most unfavorable location in the entire tidal environment was determined.

[0028] As shown in Figure 1, the height H in this embodiment is taken as the limit water level that the test auxiliary device can bear, which is 0.5m. The tidal range A = 2.5m that needs to be simulated is greater than the maximum water level H = 0.5m that the ion erosion test device disclosed in this invention can bear. The following method is used to simulate the tidal process of this large water level difference.

[0029] As shown in Figure 2, the test component model 12 is located near the high tide level. Based on the above tidal range A, tidal period T, and the highest water level H of the ion erosion test device, the values ​​of t_high1, t_high2, and t_high3 are determined to be 213 min, 213 min, and 1014 min respectively using equations (1) and (2) of this test method.

[0030] like Figure 5 As shown, the test component model 12 was placed in the ion erosion test device, and the following three steps were executed sequentially within each 24-hour tidal cycle. Step 1: For 213 minutes, the flow pump 4 injected simulated seawater solution from the environmental water tank 1 into the test water tank, raising the water level to 0.5m, thus simulating the high tide process near the high tide level; Step 2: After the water level reached the highest water level H=0.5m of the ion erosion test device, the flow pump reversed to extract simulated seawater solution from the test water tank, and the water level dropped to a waterless state within 213 minutes, thus simulating the low tide process near the high tide level; Step 3: The test water tank was then left waterless for 1014 minutes, and the flow pump was turned off, thus simulating the ion transport process of concrete during the low tide stage. The temperature and humidity sensor, humidification and dehumidification device, and infrared heating lamp worked together to maintain a constant ambient temperature of 30℃ and relative humidity of 75% in the marine tidal zone.

[0031] Steps 1-3 above are repeated within each 24-hour cycle to simulate the water level duration near high tide under conditions of large tidal range. After reaching the predetermined age, the specimen is removed for further experiments.

[0032] Using the water level duration process in the above method to represent the entire tidal cycle process, the ion transport law of concrete in this environment is equivalent to the complete tidal process, reflecting the ion transport law near the most unfavorable position of concrete.

[0033] Example 2

[0034] The engineering component is located near low tide, i.e. near the trough of the tidal wave. The following method is used to simulate the tidal process in each cycle: Step S2-1: Inject simulated seawater solution into the ion erosion test device. The water level rises from t1 to the highest water level H in the ion erosion test device to simulate the tidal process near the low tide level. Step S2-2: After step S2-1, keep the test device at the H water level for t low for 2 hours to simulate the ion erosion process of the component during the high tide stage; Step S2-3: Extract simulated seawater solution from the ion erosion test device. The water level drops to a waterless state at time t3 to simulate the ebb tide process near the low tide level. The above steps are repeated in each cycle T. The times t_low1, t_low2, and t_low3 mentioned above can be determined based on equations (3) and (4), and the specific calculation method is as follows: t Low 1 = t Low arcsin in, A > H (3) t Low 2 = T _ t Low 1 t Low 3 (4) In the formula, t_low1 is the time it takes for the solution to rise from the bottom of the component to the highest water level H of the ion erosion test device; t_low2 is the time it takes for the ion erosion test device to remain in a waterless state; t_low3 is the time it takes for the solution to fall from the highest water level H of the ion erosion test device to the bottom of the test component; T is the tidal period; A is the tidal range; and H is the highest water level of the ion erosion test device.

[0035] Based on the simulated marine environment, the tidal period T = 12 hours, the tidal range A = 5.0 meters, and the ambient temperature is 30°C.

[0036] With an ambient relative humidity of 70%, the ion corrosion behavior of the steel structural component under study was determined in the underwater and low-tide areas.

[0037] As shown in Figure 1, in this embodiment, the height H is taken as the overflow hole height that the ion erosion test device can bear, which is 0.5m. The tidal range A = 5.0m to be simulated is greater than the maximum bearing water level H = 0.5m of the ion erosion test device disclosed in this invention. The following method is used to simulate the tidal process of the steel structure component.

[0038] As shown in Figure 3, the steel structure component is near the low tide level. Based on the above tidal range, tidal cycle and the position of the steel structure component, the values ​​of t_low1, t_low2 and t_low3 are determined to be 74 min, 74 min and 572 min respectively using equations (3) and (4) of this test method.

[0039] like Figure 5 As shown, the test component model 12 simulating a steel structure component is placed in the test water tank 10 of the ion erosion test device. During each tidal cycle of 12 hours, the following three steps are executed sequentially: Step 1: Simulated seawater solution is injected into the test water tank from the ambient water tank using a flow pump over 74 minutes, raising the water level to 0.5m, thus simulating the high tide process near the low tide level; Step 2: The test water tank 10 is then kept at the water level for 572 minutes, and the flow pump is turned off; Step 3: The flow pump is reversed, and the simulated seawater solution is extracted from the test water tank 10 over 74 minutes, lowering the water level to a dry state, thus simulating the low tide process near the low tide level. Temperature and humidity sensors, humidification and dehumidification devices, and infrared heating lamps work together to maintain a constant ambient temperature of 30℃ and relative humidity of 70% in the marine tidal zone.

[0040] Steps 1-3 above are repeated within each 12-hour cycle to simulate the water level process near the steel structure component under conditions of large tidal range. After reaching the predetermined age, the test component is removed for further experiments.

[0041] Example 3

[0042] The engineering component is located at the intermediate tidal level, that is, any position between the crest and trough of the tidal wave. The tidal process is simulated in each cycle using the following method: Step S3-1: Inject simulated seawater solution into the ion erosion test apparatus, and at time t1, the water level is... The water level rises to the highest water level H in the ion erosion test device to simulate the tidal process at the location of the actual engineering component. Step S3-2: After the water level reaches the highest water level H of the ion erosion test device, it remains stationary for 2 time t to simulate the tidal process above the actual engineering specimen location. Step S3-3: Extract the simulated seawater solution from the ion erosion test device, and the water level drops to a anhydrous state after time t3, so as to simulate the ebb process at the position of the actual engineering test piece; Step S3-4: Then keep the ion erosion test device in an anhydrous state for time t4, so as to simulate the tidal process below the position of the actual engineering test piece; The above times t1, t2, t3 and t4 can be determined based on formula (5) and formula (6), and the specific calculation method is as follows: t t1= t T / π arcsin wherein, A 2H / A H (5) t t2 = t t4 = ( T T - t t1 - t t3) / 2 (6) In the formula, t1 is the time from the bottom of the test component model rising to the highest water level H of the ion erosion test device; t2 is the time for the ion erosion test device to maintain the highest water level H of the ion erosion test device; t3 is the time for the solution to drop from the highest water level H of the ion erosion test device to the bottom of the test component model; t4 is the time for the ion erosion test device to maintain the anhydrous state; T is the tidal cycle; A is the tidal range; H is the highest water level of the ion erosion test device.

[0043] According to the simulated marine environment, the tidal cycle T=24h, the tidal range A=5.0m, the ambient temperature is 20°C, the ambient relative humidity is 75%, the steel structure component as the research object is in the underwater area and low tide area, and the ion corrosion law of the reinforced concrete component is determined.

[0044] As shown in Figure 1, in this embodiment, the height H is the height of the overflow hole that the ion erosion test device can carry

[0045] 0.7m, the tidal range A=5.0m to be simulated is greater than the maximum carrying water level H=0.5m of the ion erosion test device disclosed by the present invention, and the following method is used to simulate the tidal process where the steel structure component is located.

[0046] As shown in Figure 3, the steel structure member is located near the low tide level. According to the above-mentioned tidal range, tidal period and position of the steel structure member, t1, t2, t3, t4 are determined by formulas (5) and (6) of the present test method to be 64min, 656min, 64min and 656min respectively.

[0047] As Figure 5 shown, the test member model 12 simulating a steel structure member is placed into the test water tank 10 of the ion erosion test device, and the following 4 steps are sequentially performed within 12h of each tidal cycle. Step 1: Inject simulated seawater solution into the ion erosion test device, and the water level rises to the overflow hole height of 0.7m within 64min, so as to simulate the high tide process near the position of actual engineering members; Step 2: After the water level reaches the overflow hole height of 0.7m, it remains stationary for 656min, so as to simulate the tidal process above the position of actual engineering members; Step 3: Pump out the simulated seawater solution from the ion erosion test device, and the water level drops to a anhydrous state within 64min, so as to simulate the ebb tide process near the position of actual engineering members; Step 4: Then keep the ion erosion test device in an anhydrous state for 656min, so as to simulate the tidal process below the position of actual engineering members; The temperature and humidity sensor, the humidification and dehumidification device, and the infrared heating lamp work cooperatively to keep the environmental temperature of the marine tidal zone at 20°C and the relative humidity constant at 75%.

[0048] The above steps 1 to 4 are cycled every 24h in each cycle, which realizes the simulation of the water level duration process near the reinforced concrete member in the environment with large tidal range. After reaching the predetermined age, the test member is taken out for further experiments.

[0049] By controlling the time of water level fluctuation, the present invention replaces the ion erosion law of engineering members during the whole tidal cycle with the local water level duration process of the test member in the marine structure ion erosion test device under the large water level difference tidal environment in each tidal cycle, realizes simulating the transmission law of erosive ions in engineering members under the large water level difference condition in the limited height space of the laboratory, and solves the problem that current test methods and devices cannot simulate the ion erosion of marine structures in the large water level difference tidal environment in the limited height space of the laboratory.

[0050] Finally, it should be noted that the above preferred embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention without limitation. Although the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that various changes can be made in form and details without departing from the scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for testing ion erosion of marine structures under tidal conditions with large water level differences, characterized in that: Within each tidal cycle, the local water level duration within the marine structure ion erosion test device under large water level difference tidal conditions is used to represent the ion erosion pattern of the actual engineering component throughout the entire tidal cycle. The actual engineering component is located near the high tide level, i.e., near the tidal wave crest. The following method is used to simulate the tidal process in each cycle: Step S1-1: Inject simulated seawater solution into the ion etching test apparatus, with the water level at t. 高1 The water level rises to the highest water level H of the ion erosion test device over time, thus simulating the tidal process near actual engineering components. Step S1-2: After the water level reaches the highest water level H of the ion erosion test device, a simulated seawater solution is drawn from the ion erosion test device, with the water level at t. 高2 The time is reduced to a waterless state to simulate the ebb tide process near actual engineering components; Step S1-3: Then allow the ion etching test apparatus to operate at t 高3 The system remains waterless for a period of time to simulate the ion erosion process of actual engineering components during low tide. The time t 高1 t 高2 t 高3 It can be determined based on equations (1) and (2), and the specific calculation method is as follows: （1） （2） In the formula, t 高1 The time it takes for the solution to rise from the bottom of the test component to the highest water level H in the ion etching test apparatus; t 高2 The time it takes for the highest water level H in the self-ion erosion test apparatus to fall to the bottom of the test component model; t 高3 The time during which the ion erosion test apparatus is kept in a waterless state; T is the tidal period; A is the tidal range; H is the highest water level of the ion erosion test apparatus.

2. The method for testing ion erosion of marine structures under tidal conditions with large water level differences according to claim 1, characterized in that: The engineering component is located at the intermediate tidal level, that is, any position between the crest and trough of the tidal wave. The tidal process is simulated in each cycle using the following method: Step S3-1: Inject simulated seawater solution into the ion etching test apparatus, at t 中1 The water level rises to the highest water level H of the ion erosion test device over time, thus simulating the tidal process at the location of the actual engineering component; Step S3-2: After the water level reaches the highest water level H of the ion erosion test device, at t 中2 It remains stationary for a period of time to simulate the tidal process above the location of actual engineering components; Step S3-3: Draw simulated seawater solution from the ion erosion test apparatus, with the water level at t. 中3 The time is reduced to a waterless state to simulate the ebb tide process at the actual location of the engineering component; Step S3-4: Then keep the ion etching test apparatus in an anhydrous state. 中4 Time is used to simulate the tidal process beneath the actual location of engineering components; The above time t 中1 t 中2 t 中3 t 中4 It can be determined based on equations (5) and (6), and the specific calculation method is as follows: （5） （6） In the formula, t 中1 The time it takes for the water level to rise from the bottom of the test component to the highest water level H in the ion etching test apparatus; t 中2 The time during which the ion etching test apparatus maintains its highest water level H; t 中3 The time it takes for the highest water level H in the self-ion erosion test apparatus to drop to the bottom of the test component model; t 中4 The time during which the ion etching test apparatus is kept in an anhydrous state; T is the tidal period; A is the tidal range; H is the highest water level of the ion etching test apparatus.

3. A method for testing ion erosion of marine structures under tidal conditions with large water level differences, as described in any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that: The ion erosion test device includes an environmental water tank (1), an operating table (2), a control system (3), a flow pump (4), a water pipe (5), a connecting pipe (6), a humidification device (7), and a test water tank (10). The environmental water tank (1) is installed at the bottom of the operating table (2). The test water tank (10) is connected to the environmental water tank (1) through the water pipe (5). An overflow hole (11) for limiting the maximum water level is opened on the upper side wall of the test water tank (10). The flow pump (4) is installed on the water pipe (5). The humidification device (7) is installed on the top of the test water tank (10). The humidification device (7) is connected to the environmental water tank (1) through the connecting pipe (6). The flow pump (4) and the humidification device (7) are connected to the control system (3).

4. The method for testing ion erosion of marine structures under tidal conditions with large water level differences according to claim 3, characterized in that: The test water tank (10) is equipped with a temperature and humidity sensor (8), which is connected to the control system (3).

5. The method for testing ion erosion of marine structures under tidal conditions with large water level differences according to claim 4, characterized in that: The test water tank (10) is equipped with an infrared heating lamp (9), which is connected to the control system (3).

6. A test method for ion erosion of marine structures under tidal conditions with large water level differences, as described in claim 4 or 5, characterized in that: The test water tank (10) is equipped with a dehumidification device on top. The dehumidification device is an air suction system and is connected to the control system (3).

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