A railway engineering construction project risk management method and system

Abstract

The present application provides a kind of railway engineering construction project risk management method and system, belong to engineering project risk prediction management technical field, collect railway engineering construction project data information;Establish / update project information base, construct the risk management model based on DoDAF, determine risk management implementation details;According to the determined risk management implementation details and the risk management model based on WBS constructed, in combination with the project data information updated according to project progress, and the risk management process corresponding to project execution process, determine the risk management report scheme of each stage.The present application considers railway construction engineering project to each participating unit as main body, responsible for risk management in different life cycle phases has essential characteristics;It can guide each engineering participating unit to carry out risk identification, risk assessment, risk control and other work systematically and systematically, implement risk management responsibility;Provide technical support for realizing the safety, stability, quality, environment, time limit for a project, investment and other goals of railway construction engineering.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of engineering project risk management technology, specifically to a risk management method and system for railway engineering construction projects based on DoDAF and WBS. Background Technology

[0002] Railway engineering construction projects are extremely complex systems engineering projects that comprehensively consider diverse social and natural conditions. They are characterized by large investments, long construction periods, high technical standards, complex internal structures, and extensive external connections. During this process, numerous and constantly changing uncertainties exist, which may lead to excessive expenditures, substandard quality, project delays, and even engineering safety accidents. Therefore, systematic risk management for railway engineering construction projects is necessary.

[0003] Generally speaking, risk management for railway construction projects requires a systematic and comprehensive approach, including risk planning, risk identification, risk assessment, risk control, and post-risk evaluation. This approach aims to achieve closed-loop management of safety risks, reduce risk disasters, and mitigate their impact.

[0004] Railway construction projects are high-risk projects, facing risks including geological disaster risks, natural environment risks, construction risks, and equipment operation risks. Common risk management methods for railway construction projects include: WBS-RBS-based project risk management, phased project risk management, and PDCA-based construction project quality control.

[0005] (1) Project Risk Management Based on WBS-RBS. WBS-RBS is a method for identifying engineering risks that can be used to grasp the overall picture of an engineering project and delve into the specific details of engineering construction. Its risk identification process generally includes three steps: ① Constructing the WBS, that is, decomposing the entire engineering project into several independent work units layer by layer; ② Constructing the RBS, that is, decomposing the potential risks of the entire engineering project layer by layer, until the attributes of various risks are similar; ③ Using the RBS as rows and the WBS as columns, establishing a WBS-RBS coupling matrix to form a mapping relationship between risks and work activities. Due to the hierarchical relationship between the WBS and the RBS, the matrices they form also have a hierarchical relationship, and thus the collection of these matrices forms a risk pyramid model.

[0006] (2) Phased Project Risk Management. Engineering projects are diverse and possess distinct individual characteristics. Domestic and international research indicates that conducting research and practice in three phases—risk identification, risk assessment, and risk control—is a common approach to risk management, with practical and frequently used methods for each phase. Common methods for risk identification include expert surveys, fault tree analysis, scenario analysis, checklists, and scene analysis. These methods typically consider multiple factors such as politics, construction, economy, operation, market, and nature, and are applied throughout the entire project lifecycle. Risk assessment is a comprehensive evaluation of various risks, requiring consideration of their probability of occurrence, impact, and consequences. This information is then integrated to determine the priority and management strategies for each risk. Common methods include statistical methods, grey system theory, survey scoring, analytic hierarchy process (AHP), Monte Carlo simulation, and fuzzy set theory. Risk control involves developing appropriate risk management measures to control the probability and impact of various risks. Common measures include risk prevention, risk mitigation, risk transfer, and risk response to achieve effective risk control.

[0007] (3) Construction Project Quality Control Based on PDCA. Construction project quality control aims to manage project risks to the greatest extent possible. This model is based on PDCA and mainly consists of four parts: Plan, Do, Check, and Act. Since Do and Act mainly address issues on the construction site, this project focuses on the Plan, Check, and Act phases. The Plan phase mainly studies three aspects: ① the five major factors affecting project quality and how to control them, including personnel, machinery, materials, methods, and environment; ② relevant quality control methods during the construction phase, including: quality functions and tasks during the construction phase, the systematic organization of construction project quality control, the basis for quality control during the construction phase, the quality control procedures of construction supervision, and how the supervision unit controls the quality of the construction contractor; ③ the Check phase mainly studies two aspects: dynamic tracking and monitoring of quality during construction and phased inspection and acceptance during the construction process.

[0008] The WBS-RBS-based project risk management method combines work breakdown structure and risk decomposition structure to construct a WBS-RBS coupling matrix, decomposing and refining the work and risks at each stage, and proposing a risk management technique focused on risk identification. While this method emphasizes specific execution and does not systematically consider the systemic characteristics of railway construction projects, such as the involvement of different construction units and the entire lifecycle, it is a mature risk management tool with wide applications across various industries and provides strong technical support for risk management in railway construction projects.

[0009] While phased risk management for railway construction projects offers specific and feasible methods for each phase, the phase division based on risk identification, risk assessment, and risk control is entirely based on the risk itself. This is fundamentally different from the approach of railway construction projects, where each participating unit is responsible for risk management at different lifecycle stages. Consequently, it is difficult to systematically address the impact of the connections and interactions between different lifecycle stages.

[0010] Although the PDCA-based construction project quality control model takes into account the four stages of planning, execution, inspection and action, it focuses on project quality control, which differs somewhat from the content studied in risk management. Summary of the Invention

[0011] The purpose of this invention is to provide a risk management method and system for railway engineering construction projects based on DoDAF and WBS, so as to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the background art.

[0012] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0013] On the one hand, the present invention provides a risk management method for railway engineering construction projects, including:

[0014] Collect data and information on railway engineering construction projects;

[0015] A project information database is established / updated based on the collected data and information of railway engineering construction projects; the project information database is used to store the collected project data and information, and to update / supplement necessary data and information according to the survey, design and construction progress of the engineering construction projects;

[0016] Based on the project data stored and updated in the project information database, a risk management model based on DoDAF is constructed;

[0017] Based on the constructed DoDAF-based risk management model, the detailed rules for risk management implementation are determined;

[0018] Based on the established risk management implementation details, a risk management model based on WBS is constructed.

[0019] Based on the constructed WBS-based risk management model, combined with project data updated according to project progress, and the project execution process and its corresponding risk management process, a risk management reporting scheme for each stage is determined.

[0020] Furthermore, a project information database is established / updated based on the collected railway engineering construction project data. This database comprises five components: a relational database, a document database, a graph database, a file system, and streaming data storage. The relational database stores structured railway line data using tables and relational models, and employs a structured query language for data management and querying. The file system uses a hierarchical folder and file structure. The document database stores semi-structured and unstructured data related to railway engineering construction projects in document form. The graph database stores data in graph form, using entities and their relationships as the basic units of data to represent the relationships and connections within railway engineering construction project information. Real-time data streaming storage is suitable for scenarios requiring real-time monitoring and processing of project information in railway engineering construction projects. It utilizes real-time data streaming storage technology to receive and process real-time generated project information, and supports real-time querying and analysis.

[0021] Furthermore, DoDAF-based risk management modeling includes: clarifying the risk management objectives of the railway construction project based on macro-level information; determining the scope of risk management required; constructing appropriate view models using different view types within the DoDAF framework, according to standardized or agreed-upon structures and elements; identifying and describing the relationships between models; and adjusting, continuously optimizing, and improving the established models as needed based on project progress and application feedback. The different view types within the DoDAF framework include panoramic view models, standard view models, project view models, system view models, and data and information view models.

[0022] Furthermore, a risk management model based on WBS is constructed, including: determining the scope and content of railway engineering construction projects; using the WBS method to decompose the work at each stage and form a decomposition structure diagram for each stage; and determining a risk management plan for railway engineering construction projects.

[0023] Furthermore, the risk response strategies and measures in the risk countermeasures table should be integrated into the project plan and budget to ensure that risk management activities receive appropriate resources and time support. Risk management plans and contingency plans should be developed, risk control measures should be implemented, and the results of risk treatment should be dynamically managed. When residual risks do not meet expectations, risk treatment measures should be adjusted in a timely manner, and preventive and mitigation measures should be taken.

[0024] Secondly, this invention provides a risk management system for railway engineering construction projects, comprising:

[0025] The collection module is used to collect data and information on railway engineering construction projects;

[0026] The information database construction module is used to establish / update a project information database based on the collected railway engineering construction project data; the project information database is used to store the collected project data and to update information according to the survey, design and construction progress of the engineering construction project.

[0027] The first building module is used to construct a DoDAF-based risk management model based on the project data information stored and updated in the project information repository;

[0028] The module is used to determine the risk management implementation details and build a WBS-based risk management model based on the constructed DoDAF-based risk management model.

[0029] The second building module is used to build a WBS-based risk management model based on the defined risk management implementation details;

[0030] The strategy output module is used to determine the risk management reporting scheme for each stage based on the constructed WBS-based risk management model, combined with project data updated according to project progress, as well as the project execution process and its corresponding risk management process.

[0031] Thirdly, the present invention provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium for storing computer instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the railway engineering construction project risk management method based on DoDAF and WBS as described above.

[0032] Fourthly, the present invention provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when run on one or more processors, is used to implement the railway engineering construction project risk management method based on DoDAF and WBS as described above.

[0033] Fifthly, the present invention provides an electronic device, comprising: a processor, a memory, and a computer program; wherein the processor is connected to the memory, the computer program is stored in the memory, and when the electronic device is running, the processor executes the computer program stored in the memory to cause the electronic device to execute instructions for implementing the railway engineering construction project risk management method based on DoDAF and WBS as described above.

[0034] The beneficial effects of this invention are: it fully considers the essential characteristics of railway construction projects, in which each participating unit is responsible for risk management at different stages of the life cycle; it can guide construction, survey and design, construction, and supervision units to systematically and systematically carry out risk identification, risk assessment, and risk control, thereby fulfilling risk management responsibilities; and it provides technical support for achieving the goals of safety, stability, quality, environment, schedule, and investment in railway construction projects. Attached Figure Description

[0035] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0036] Figure 1 This is a diagram showing the relationship between the participating construction units, risk management modeling, and related results described in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the railway engineering construction project risk management method based on DoDAF and WBS as described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the specific process of risk management for railway engineering construction projects for surveying and design units, as described in an embodiment of the invention. Detailed Implementation

[0039] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0040] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0041] Those skilled in the art will understand that, unless specifically stated otherwise, the singular forms “a,” “an,” “the,” and “the” used herein may also include the plural forms. It should be further understood that the term “comprising” as used in this specification means the presence of the stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or groups thereof.

[0042] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be further explained and described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. However, the specific embodiments do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of the present invention.

[0043] Those skilled in the art should understand that the accompanying drawings are merely schematic diagrams of embodiments, and the components in the drawings are not necessarily essential for implementing the present invention.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] In this embodiment 1, a railway engineering construction project risk management system is first provided, including: a collection module for collecting railway engineering construction project data; an information database construction module for establishing / updating a project information database based on the collected railway engineering construction project data; the project information database is used to store the collected project data and update information according to the survey, design, and construction progress of the engineering construction project; a first construction module for constructing a DoDAF-based risk management model based on the project data stored and updated in the project information database; a determination module for determining risk management implementation details based on the constructed DoDAF-based risk management model; a second construction module for constructing a WBS-based risk management model based on the determined risk management implementation details; and a strategy output module for determining risk management reporting schemes for each stage based on the constructed WBS-based risk management model, combined with project data updated according to project progress, and the project execution process and its corresponding risk management process.

[0046] In this embodiment 2, the above-described system is used to implement a risk management method for railway engineering construction projects, including: using a collection module to collect data information on railway engineering construction projects; using a database construction module to establish / update a project information database based on the collected data information; the project information database is used to store the collected project data information and update information according to the survey, design, and construction progress of the engineering construction project; using a first construction module to construct a DoDAF-based risk management model based on the project data information stored and updated in the project information database; using a determination module to determine risk management implementation details based on the constructed DoDAF-based risk management model; using a second construction module to construct a WBS-based risk management model based on the determined risk management implementation details; and using a strategy output module to determine the risk management reporting scheme for each stage based on the constructed WBS-based risk management model, combined with the project data information updated according to project progress, and the project execution process and its corresponding risk management process.

[0047] A project information database is established / updated based on collected railway engineering construction project data. This database comprises five components: a relational database, a document database, a graph database, a file system, and streaming data storage. The relational database stores structured railway line data using tables and relational models, and employs a structured query language for data management and retrieval. The file system uses a hierarchical folder and file structure. The document database stores semi-structured and unstructured data related to railway engineering construction projects in document form. The graph database stores data in graph form, using entities and their relationships as the basic units to represent the relationships and connections within railway engineering construction project information. Real-time data streaming storage is suitable for scenarios requiring real-time monitoring and processing of project information in railway engineering construction projects. It utilizes real-time data streaming storage technology to receive and process real-time generated project information, and supports real-time querying and analysis.

[0048] DoDAF-based risk management modeling includes: defining the risk management objectives of a railway construction project based on macro-level information; determining the scope of risk management; constructing appropriate view models using different view types within the DoDAF framework, according to standardized or agreed-upon structures and elements; identifying and describing the relationships between models; and adjusting, continuously optimizing, and improving the established models as needed based on project progress and application feedback. The different view types within the DoDAF framework include panoramic view models, standard view models, project view models, system view models, and data and information view models.

[0049] Constructing a risk management model based on WBS includes: determining the scope and content of work for railway engineering construction projects; using the WBS method to decompose the work at each stage and generate decomposition structure diagrams for each stage; and determining a risk management plan for railway engineering construction projects.

[0050] Integrate the risk response strategies and measures in the risk countermeasures table into the project plan and budget to ensure that risk management activities receive appropriate resources and time support. Develop risk management plans and contingency plans, implement risk control measures, and dynamically manage the results of risk treatment. When residual risks do not meet expectations, risk treatment measures should be adjusted in a timely manner, and preventive and mitigation measures should be taken.

[0051] Example 2

[0052] This embodiment 2 provides a risk management method for railway engineering construction projects based on DoDAF and WBS. Taking a surveying and design unit as an example, the specific implementation process of this method is given. Finally, a relationship diagram of the participating parties in a railway engineering construction project and their risk management scope is provided to guide construction, surveying and design, construction, and supervision units to systematically and comprehensively carry out risk identification, risk assessment, and risk control using the DoDAF and WBS-based risk management method proposed in this patent, and to implement risk management responsibilities. In this embodiment, the concepts involved include DoDAF (Department of Defense Architecture Framework), AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process), PDCA (Plan, Do, Check, Act), WBS (Work Breakdown Structure), and RBS (Risk Breakdown Structure).

[0053] In this second embodiment, the risk management framework for railway engineering construction projects for all participating parties is introduced as follows:

[0054] The participating entities in railway engineering construction projects include the construction unit, surveying and design unit, construction unit, and supervision unit. Each unit is responsible for different stages of risk management throughout the entire life cycle of the railway engineering construction project, formulating risk management implementation methods / detailed rules to guide and supervise various risk management tasks within its jurisdiction, and compiling periodic risk management reports based on the actual work progress. The relationships between the participating construction units, risk management modeling, and related deliverables are as follows: Figure 1 As shown.

[0055] The construction unit is the organizing and implementing body of the railway construction project, directly responsible for achieving the construction goals, and bears overall responsibility for the project quality. It organizes, guides, and supervises all participating parties in risk management, reviews risk management reports, and makes corresponding decisions. (In conjunction with...) Figure 2The process shown involves the construction unit completing the following steps through risk management modeling and output based on DoDAF and WBS: ① Formulating project risk management implementation methods, project risk acceptance criteria, and risk control principles; ② Organizing, guiding, and supervising the surveying and design units in carrying out risk management work, including: conducting risk technical briefings, reviewing risk management reports at the feasibility study, preliminary design, and construction drawing stages and making corresponding decisions, supervising and coordinating relevant issues in the risk management work of the surveying and design units, and labor management systems; ③ When necessary, entrusting relevant professional institutions to conduct risk monitoring for railway engineering construction projects; ④ Organizing, guiding, and supervising the construction units in carrying out risk management work, including: reviewing risk management reports at the construction stage and making corresponding decisions, supervising and coordinating relevant issues in the risk management work, improving labor management systems, and checking the compliance of labor use, legal subcontracting, and civilized construction, establishing coordination and communication mechanisms and contingency plans with local authorities, and promptly handling stability risks during the construction process; ⑤ Organizing, guiding, and supervising the supervision units in carrying out risk management work, including: supervising and coordinating relevant issues in the risk management work, and improving labor management systems; ⑥ After project completion, organizing all participating parties or entrusting a third party to conduct post-construction risk assessment.

[0056] The surveying and design unit is responsible for risk management during the feasibility study, preliminary design, and construction drawing stages. (Combined with...) Figure 2 The process shown involves the surveying and design unit completing the following steps through risk management modeling and output based on DoDAF and WBS: ① Developing detailed implementation rules for risk management in the design phase; ② Conducting risk management according to the design phase, determining risk control measures and precautions for risk prevention; ③ Developing optimized engineering measures to avoid stability risks caused by land acquisition and demolition, environmental pollution, and water system damage; ④ Compiling a risk management report for the feasibility study phase; ⑤ Compiling a risk management report for the preliminary design phase; ⑥ Compiling a risk management report for the construction drawing phase; ⑦ Proposing risk treatment opinions based on risk monitoring results; ⑧ Providing technical briefings on relevant risks to the construction unit and participating in risk assessments during construction.

[0057] The construction company is responsible for risk management during the construction phase. (Combined with...) Figure 2The process shown involves the construction unit completing the following steps through risk management modeling and output based on DoDAF and WBS: ① Verifying the risk assessment results at the construction drawing stage; ② Developing detailed rules for risk management implementation during the construction stage; ③ Conducting risk management during the construction stage, implementing risk control measures and risk prevention requirements; ④ Dynamically tracking risk changes and adjusting risk control measures promptly based on risk monitoring; ⑤ Developing and implementing risk emergency plans; ⑥ Providing risk briefings and pre-job training to construction personnel and being responsible for risk announcements at the construction site; ⑦ Improving labor management systems, standardizing subcontracting behavior, and strengthening civilized construction; ⑧ Establishing coordination and communication mechanisms and contingency plans with local authorities to promptly address stability risks during the construction process; ⑨ After project completion, compiling a construction stage risk management report and conducting post-construction risk assessments.

[0058] The supervision unit participates in risk management during the construction phase. Combined with... Figure 2 As shown in the process, the supervision unit completes the following through the risk management modeling and output process based on DoDAF and WBS: ① Formulate detailed rules for risk management implementation; ② Participate in risk management during the construction phase; ③ Review construction risk disposal measures, risk monitoring plans, special construction plans and emergency plans; ④ Supervise and inspect labor management, subcontracting behavior and civilized construction; ⑤ Supervise, inspect and record the implementation of risk control measures.

[0059] In this embodiment 2, the main process of the proposed railway engineering construction project risk management method based on DoDAF and WBS is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, it includes:

[0060] Step 1: Collect necessary data and information for railway engineering construction projects. Generally, risk management throughout the entire lifecycle of railway engineering construction projects spans the four stages of feasibility study, preliminary design, construction drawings, and construction. The data and information required for each stage differ, but all risk management efforts rely on information and data from the railway engineering construction project.

[0061] Step 2: Establish / update the project information database. The project information database is primarily used to store the project information and data collected in Step 1, as well as key information supplemented according to the survey, design, and construction progress of the engineering construction project.

[0062] Step 3: Risk Management Modeling Based on DoDAF. This step mainly involves building a top-level model of the risk management system architecture for railway engineering construction projects based on DoDAF. This model will guide the establishment of the project information database, the formulation of risk management implementation rules, the WBS modeling process, and some product outputs.

[0063] Step 4: Develop detailed risk management implementation rules. Using the DoDAF perspective models established in Step 3, this step outlines the basis for developing the detailed risk management implementation rules, including railway project overview, risk identification, risk estimation, risk control, risk monitoring and early warning, emergency plans, and information reporting mechanisms.

[0064] Step 5: Risk Management Modeling Based on WBS. The WBS groups project elements based on deliverables. Building upon the DoDAF risk management model established in Step 3 and the risk management implementation details determined in Step 4, it summarizes and defines the entire scope of the project. Each lower level represents a more detailed definition of the project work. The general steps include: first, rationally defining the scope and content of the railway engineering construction project; second, using the WBS method to decompose the work at each stage, forming separate decomposition structure diagrams; and finally, proposing a risk management plan for the railway engineering construction project.

[0065] Step 6: Supplement necessary project data and information according to project progress. Based on the project execution process and its corresponding risk management process, supplement necessary testing, measurement, and technical data to meet the needs of the next stage of risk management.

[0066] Step 7: Output Risk Management Results. This step mainly builds upon the results of the previous steps, using the risk management content and processes of the feasibility study, preliminary design, construction drawings, and construction phases as a foundation to prepare risk management reports for each stage.

[0067] Example 3

[0068] This embodiment 3 provides a risk management method for surveying and design units. The surveying and design units are responsible for risk management during the feasibility study, preliminary design, and construction drawing stages, combined with... Figure 2 The diagram illustrates a risk management process for railway engineering construction projects based on DoDAF and WBS. The specific process for risk management in railway engineering construction projects, geared towards surveying and design units, is as follows: Figure 3 As shown.

[0069] Step 1: Collect and update information on railway engineering construction projects. This mainly includes: ① Collecting high-level information such as the scope of risk management for this railway engineering construction project and the standards and specifications on which it is based; ② Collecting pre-feasibility study reports and approval opinions; ③ Natural, geographical, and regional geological data along the route; ④ Data on major adverse geological conditions and special soils and rocks; ⑤ Data on the culture, lifestyle, religious beliefs, and social customs of the project location; ⑥ Current status and planning of military protected areas, environmentally sensitive areas, and important infrastructure that may affect the route plan, as well as buildings and structures; ⑦ Local development plans that may affect the scale of the railway project and the route plan; ⑧ Data on existing facilities and external power supply access conditions; ⑨ Data on risk control measures and risk prevention experience of similar projects.

[0070] Step 2: Based on the data and project information collected in Step 1, establish / update the project information database. This database includes five aspects: relational database, document database, graph database, file system, and streaming data storage. Specifically: ① The relational database (RDBMS) stores structured data such as railway line parameters through tables and relational models, and can use Structured Query Language (SQL) for data management and querying. Data management systems that can be used include MySQL, Oracle, and SQL Server. ② The file system adopts a hierarchical folder and file structure to more conveniently organize and manage documents related to railway engineering construction projects. ③ The document database stores semi-structured and unstructured data such as documents, pictures, and videos related to railway engineering construction projects in document form. Document databases such as MongoDB and CouchDB can be used to store flexible and dynamic project information. ④ The graph database stores data in the form of graphs, using entities (nodes) and the relationships between them (edges) as the basic units of data to effectively represent the relationships and connections in railway engineering construction project information. Graph databases such as Neo4j and ArangoDB can be used to store information such as the project's organizational structure and personnel relationships. ⑤ Real-time data stream storage is suitable for scenarios that require real-time monitoring and processing of project information in railway engineering construction projects. By adopting real-time data stream storage technology, it can receive and process project information generated in real time, and support real-time query and analysis.

[0071] Step 3: DoDAF-based Risk Management Modeling. This process mainly includes the following steps: ① Based on macro-level information such as the background and significance of the railway engineering construction project, clarify the risk management objectives of the project, such as ensuring timely delivery, operating within budget, and reducing safety risks. ② Determine the scope of risk management, involving the natural, social, geological, and technical systems, various stages, processes, and key stakeholders involved in the railway engineering construction project's risk management. ③ Using different view types in the DoDAF framework, such as the panoramic view (AV) model, standard view (StdV) model, project view (PV) model, system view (SV) model, and data and information view (DIV) model, construct appropriate view models according to the structures and elements agreed upon in standards or industry best practices. Then, identify and use relationship diagrams, cross-referencing, etc., to describe the relationships between models to enhance their coherence and consistency. Further review and verify each model to ensure its accuracy, consistency, and completeness. Finally, based on project progress and application feedback, adjust, continuously optimize, and improve the established models as needed. ④ Use the DoDAF data and information perspective model in conjunction with step 2, and guide the establishment of the project information database.

[0072] Step 4: Develop detailed risk management implementation rules. This process includes the following steps: ① The risk management implementation entity uses the DoDAF perspective models established in Step 3 to review the basis for developing the detailed risk management implementation rules, including railway project overview, risk identification, risk estimation, risk control, risk monitoring and early warning, emergency plans, and information reporting mechanisms. ② Supplement necessary organizational management systems, on-site warning signs, and on-site equipment and facility deployment. ③ Based on the document format requirements for risk management implementation rules shown in the DoDAF StdV model results, and combined with the specific content reviewed in Steps ① and ②, develop detailed risk management implementation rules applicable to this project.

[0073] Step 5: Feasibility Phase WBS Risk Management Modeling. This process is completed under the guidance of the risk management implementation rules established in Step 4. Specific steps include: ① Developing the project's WBS based on the scope and objectives of risk management for the railway engineering construction project as described in the AV model established in Step 3. ② Decomposing the railway engineering construction project's risk management according to the project process from the perspectives of natural risks, social risks, geological risks, and technical risks, into manageable projects, tasks, sub-tasks, work, and daily activities, forming a hierarchical structure to ensure the completeness and operability of the WBS. ③ Analyzing and reviewing each WBS task and sub-task using methods such as checklists, expert surveys, brainstorming, and analytic hierarchy process (AHP), identifying potential risk sources related to them, providing detailed descriptions of each risk source, listing the causes, characteristics, and expected consequences of each risk component, and forming a risk indicator system. ④ Using methods such as brainstorming, checklists, expert surveys, Monte Carlo methods, analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and risk matrix methods, the initial risks are estimated. The probability and loss of each risk factor in relation to the target risk are determined, and the degree of influence of each risk factor on the target risk is analyzed. The risks are then ranked according to the product of their influence and probability to determine their priority and importance. ⑤ Based on the unit project, the above risks are evaluated by specialty to determine the initial risk level, formulate corresponding risk treatment plans or measures, and re-evaluate the risks to identify residual risks. ⑥ Based on the risk assessment results obtained in ⑤, risk control measures are proposed from the perspectives of avoidance, mitigation, transfer, and acceptance, according to risk acceptance criteria. A risk countermeasures table is compiled by integrating initial risks, design or construction countermeasures, and residual risks. ⑦ Integrate risk response strategies and measures into project plans and budgets to ensure that risk management activities receive appropriate resources and time support. Develop risk management plans and contingency plans, implement risk control measures, and dynamically manage the results of risk handling. When residual risks do not meet expectations, risk handling measures should be adjusted promptly, and preventative and mitigation measures should be taken to ensure timely handling and control of risks. ⑧ Establish an effective risk communication and reporting mechanism, regularly communicating identified risks, response strategies, control measures, and risk status with the project team and stakeholders to ensure information transmission and sharing. ⑨ Conduct post-construction risk assessments after the completion of railway construction projects to confirm and evaluate the effectiveness of risk management work, comprehensively summarize the lessons learned in the risk management process, and form a closed-loop management system.

[0074] Step 6: Compile the Feasibility Study Phase Risk Management Report. This step is mainly based on the results of the previous steps, and uses the risk management content and process of the feasibility study phase as a foundation to compile a feasibility study phase risk management report. The report mainly includes the risk assessment conclusions and risk control measures for key projects, risk management suggestions and precautions for the next stage, and a stability risk assessment report.

[0075] Step 7: Supplement necessary project data and information, such as the preliminary survey, and collect data for assessing risk probability and consequences. Specific steps in this process include: ① Collecting supplementary feasibility study documents and their approval opinions; ② Collecting supplementary feasibility study risk management results and their review opinions; ③ Collecting supplementary reports and their approval opinions for individual projects such as environmental impact assessment, soil and water conservation plans, land reclamation plans, geological hazard risk assessment, mineral resource overlay assessment, seismic safety assessment, flood control impact assessment, navigation feasibility study, and land pre-approval; ④ Collecting supplementary relevant plans along the railway line; ⑤ Collecting supplementary preliminary survey data.

[0076] Step 8: WBS Risk Management Modeling in the Preliminary Design Phase. Based on the results of the comprehensive WBS risk management model established in Step 5 above, and combined with the supplementary information collected in Step 7, further risk management modeling work is carried out based on the WBS, including the preparation of risk plans applicable to the preliminary design phase, identification of known risks, proposal of various risk response principles, identification of newly emerging risks, determination of risk categories, prediction of risk occurrence locations, assessment of risk levels, determination of risk treatment measures and dynamic monitoring methods, clarification of residual risks, and proposal of risk management recommendations for the construction drawing phase.

[0077] Step 9: Prepare the preliminary design phase risk management report. This step is mainly based on the results of the above steps, and uses the risk management content and process of the preliminary design phase as a foundation to prepare a preliminary design phase risk management report, which mainly consists of a project risk management report and a professional risk management report.

[0078] Step 10: Supplement necessary project data and information, such as supplementary surveys and measurements. Specific steps in this process include: ① collecting supplementary preliminary design documents and approval opinions; ② collecting supplementary preliminary design risk management reports and their review opinions; ③ collecting supplementary survey and measurement data, relevant planning data, and related agreements; ④ collecting supplementary individual assessment reports and their approval (reply) opinions for environmental impact, soil and water conservation, geological hazards, mineral resource overlay, earthquake safety, flood control impact, and land pre-approval, etc., and further refining the materials required for risk assessment.

[0079] Step 11: WBS Risk Management Modeling in the Construction Drawing Phase. Based on the improved WBS risk management model results from Step 8, and combined with the supplementary information collected in Step 10, further risk management modeling work is carried out based on the WBS, including: developing a risk plan applicable to the construction drawing phase; proposing corresponding principles for various risks; verifying known risks; identifying newly emerging risks; assessing risk levels; improving risk handling measures and dynamic monitoring methods; proposing interface risk management strategies; clarifying residual risks; and providing risk management recommendations for the construction phase.

[0080] Step 12: Compile the risk management report for the construction drawing phase. This step is mainly based on the results of the above steps, and uses the risk management content and process of the construction drawing phase as a foundation to compile a risk management report for the construction drawing phase, which mainly consists of a project risk management report and a professional risk management report.

[0081] Example 4

[0082] In this embodiment 4, a description of the differences in risk management processes for other participating parties is presented.

[0083] The construction unit is the organizing and implementing body of the railway construction project, directly responsible for achieving the construction goals, and bears overall responsibility for the project quality. It organizes, guides, and supervises all participating parties in risk management, reviews risk management reports, and makes corresponding decisions. (In conjunction with...) Figure 2 The risk management process for railway engineering construction projects based on DoDAF and WBS, as shown, differs from the risk management process for surveying and design units in the following main ways: ① The main steps include: collecting and updating railway engineering construction project information, establishing / updating a project information database, DoDAF-based risk management modeling, formulating risk management implementation methods, WBS-based risk management modeling, organizing, guiding, and supervising all participating parties in carrying out risk management work, and outputting risk management results. ② The collected and updated railway engineering construction project information needs to be supplemented with risk management reports for each stage, relevant issues in the risk management work of all participating parties, and labor management systems. ③ Organizing, guiding, and supervising all participating parties in carrying out risk management work mainly includes: organizing design units to conduct risk technical briefings, reviewing risk management reports for each stage and making corresponding decisions, entrusting relevant professional institutions to conduct risk monitoring when necessary, supervising and coordinating the handling of relevant issues in the risk management work of all participating parties, improving labor management systems and checking the standardized employment, legal subcontracting, and civilized construction of all participating units, and organizing all participating parties or entrusting a third party to conduct post-construction risk assessments after project completion. ④ Outputs include: project risk management implementation methods, project risk acceptance criteria and risk control principles, coordination and communication mechanisms and contingency plans with local authorities, and records and summaries of risk management at each stage of project execution.

[0084] The construction unit is responsible for risk management during the construction phase, in conjunction with Figure 2The risk management process for railway engineering construction projects based on DoDAF and WBS, as shown, differs from the risk management process for surveying and design units in the following main ways: ① The main steps include: collecting and updating railway engineering construction project information, establishing / updating a project information database, DoDAF-based risk management modeling, formulating detailed implementation rules for risk management during the construction phase, WBS risk management modeling during the construction phase, and compiling a risk management report for the construction phase. ② The collected and updated railway engineering construction project information includes: construction drawing design documents and technical disclosure materials, risk management reports for the construction drawing phase and their review opinions, pre-construction and construction process survey data, and relevant agreements. ③ The risk management report for the construction phase includes three parts: a project risk management report, a site risk management report, and a post-risk assessment report.

[0085] The supervision unit participates in risk management during the construction phase, combining Figure 2 The risk management process for railway engineering construction projects based on DoDAF and WBS, as shown, differs from the risk management process for surveying and design units in the following main ways: ① The main steps include: collecting and updating railway engineering construction project information, establishing / updating a project information database, DoDAF-based risk management modeling, formulating detailed implementation rules for risk management during the construction phase, WBS risk management modeling during the construction phase, and participating in and recording various risk management tasks during the construction phase. ② The collected and updated railway engineering construction project information includes: construction risk handling measures, risk monitoring plans, special construction plans and emergency plans, labor management, subcontracting behavior, civilized construction status, and the implementation status of risk control measures. ③ Participating in and recording various risk management tasks during the construction phase mainly refers to participating in various risk management tasks during the construction phase, supervising and inspecting the implementation of risk control measures, and recording the results.

[0086] Example 5

[0087] This embodiment 5 provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium for storing computer instructions. When these computer instructions are executed by a processor, they implement the railway engineering construction project risk management method based on DoDAF and WBS as described above. The method includes:

[0088] Collect data and information on railway engineering construction projects;

[0089] A project information database is established / updated based on the collected data of railway engineering construction projects; the project information database is used to store the collected project data and to update information according to the survey, design and construction progress of the engineering construction projects.

[0090] Based on the project data stored and updated in the project information database, a risk management model based on DoDAF is constructed;

[0091] Based on the constructed DoDAF-based risk management model, the detailed rules for risk management implementation are determined;

[0092] Based on the established risk management implementation details, a risk management model based on WBS is constructed.

[0093] Based on the constructed WBS-based risk management model, combined with project data updated according to project progress, and the project execution process and its corresponding risk management process, a risk management reporting scheme for each stage is determined.

[0094] Example 6

[0095] This embodiment 6 provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when run on one or more processors, implements the railway engineering construction project risk management method based on DoDAF and WBS as described above. The method includes:

[0096] Collect data and information on railway engineering construction projects;

[0097] A project information database is established / updated based on the collected data of railway engineering construction projects; the project information database is used to store the collected project data and to update information according to the survey, design and construction progress of the engineering construction projects.

[0098] Based on the project data stored and updated in the project information database, a risk management model based on DoDAF is constructed;

[0099] Based on the constructed DoDAF-based risk management model, the detailed rules for risk management implementation are determined;

[0100] Based on the established risk management implementation details, a risk management model based on WBS is constructed.

[0101] Based on the constructed WBS-based risk management model, combined with project data updated according to project progress, and the project execution process and its corresponding risk management process, a risk management reporting scheme for each stage is determined.

[0102] Example 7

[0103] This embodiment 7 provides an electronic device, including: a processor, a memory, and a computer program; wherein, the processor is connected to the memory, and the computer program is stored in the memory. When the electronic device is running, the processor executes the computer program stored in the memory to cause the electronic device to execute instructions to implement the railway engineering construction project risk management method based on DoDAF and WBS as described above. The method includes:

[0104] Collect data and information on railway engineering construction projects;

[0105] A project information database is established / updated based on the collected data of railway engineering construction projects; the project information database is used to store the collected project data and to update information according to the survey, design and construction progress of the engineering construction projects.

[0106] Based on the project data stored and updated in the project information database, a risk management model based on DoDAF is constructed;

[0107] Based on the constructed DoDAF-based risk management model, the detailed rules for risk management implementation are determined;

[0108] Based on the established risk management implementation details, a risk management model based on WBS is constructed.

[0109] Based on the constructed WBS-based risk management model, combined with project data updated according to project progress, and the project execution process and its corresponding risk management process, a risk management reporting scheme for each stage is determined.

[0110] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of the present invention can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0111] This invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0112] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0113] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment, whereby a series of operational steps are performed to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0114] While the specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, this is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that, based on the technical solutions disclosed in the present invention, various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative effort should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A risk management method for railway engineering construction projects, characterized in that, include: Collect data and information on railway engineering construction projects; Establish / update a project information database based on the collected data and information from railway engineering construction projects; The project information database is used to store collected project data and information, as well as update information according to the survey, design and construction progress of engineering construction projects; Based on the project data stored and updated in the project information database, a DoDAF-based risk management model is constructed. This DoDAF-based risk management modeling includes: clarifying the risk management objectives of the railway construction project based on macro-level information; determining the scope of risk management; constructing appropriate view models using different view types in the DoDAF framework, according to standardized or agreed-upon structures and elements; identifying and describing the relationships between models; and adjusting, continuously optimizing, and improving the established models as needed based on project progress and application feedback. The different view types in the DoDAF framework include panoramic view models, standard view models, project view models, system view models, and data and information view models. Based on the constructed DoDAF-based risk management model, the detailed rules for risk management implementation are determined; Based on the established risk management implementation details, a WBS-based risk management model is constructed. This WBS-based risk management model includes: defining the scope and content of the railway engineering construction project; using the WBS method to decompose the work at each stage and forming a decomposition structure diagram for each stage; and determining a risk management plan for the railway engineering construction project. Based on the constructed WBS-based risk management model, combined with project data updated according to project progress, and the project execution process and its corresponding risk management process, a risk management reporting scheme for each stage is determined.

2. The risk management method for railway engineering construction projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, A project information database is established / updated based on collected railway engineering construction project data. This database comprises five components: a relational database, a document database, a graph database, a file system, and streaming data storage. The relational database stores structured railway line data using tables and relational models, and employs a structured query language for data management and retrieval. The file system uses a hierarchical folder and file structure. The document database stores semi-structured and unstructured data related to railway engineering construction projects in document form. The graph database stores data in graph form, using entities and their relationships as the basic units to represent the relationships and connections within railway engineering construction project information. Real-time data streaming storage is suitable for scenarios requiring real-time monitoring and processing of project information in railway engineering construction projects. It utilizes real-time data streaming storage technology to receive and process real-time generated project information, and supports real-time querying and analysis.

3. The risk management method for railway engineering construction projects according to claim 1, characterized in that, Integrate the risk response strategies and measures in the risk countermeasures table into the project plan and budget to ensure that risk management activities receive appropriate resources and time support. Develop risk management plans and contingency plans, implement risk control measures, and dynamically manage the results of risk treatment. When residual risks do not meet expectations, risk treatment measures should be adjusted in a timely manner, and preventive and mitigation measures should be taken.

4. A risk management system for railway engineering construction projects, characterized in that, include: The collection module is used to collect data and information on railway engineering construction projects; The information database construction module is used to establish / update a project information database based on the collected railway engineering construction project data; the project information database is used to store the collected project data and to update information according to the survey, design and construction progress of the engineering construction project. The first construction module is used to build a DoDAF-based risk management model based on project data stored and updated in the project information database. This DoDAF-based risk management modeling includes: clarifying the risk management objectives of the railway construction project based on macro-information; determining the scope of risk management; using different view types in the DoDAF framework, constructing appropriate view models according to the structure and elements of specifications or conventions; identifying and describing the relationships between models; and adjusting, continuously optimizing, and improving the established models as needed based on project progress and application feedback. The different view types in the DoDAF framework include panoramic view models, standard view models, project view models, system view models, and data and information view models. The module is used to determine the implementation details of risk management based on the constructed DoDAF-based risk management model; The second construction module is used to build a WBS-based risk management model based on the determined risk management implementation details. The WBS-based risk management model includes: determining the scope and content of the railway engineering construction project; using the WBS method to decompose the work of each stage and form a decomposition structure diagram for each stage; and determining the risk management plan for the railway engineering construction project. The strategy output module is used to determine the risk management reporting scheme for each stage based on the risk management implementation details, combined with project data information updated according to project progress, as well as the project execution process and its corresponding risk management process.

5. A computer program product, characterized in that, It includes a computer program, which, when run on one or more processors, is used to implement the risk management method for railway engineering construction projects as described in any one of claims 1-3.

6. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is used to store computer instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the railway engineering construction project risk management method as described in any one of claims 1-3.

7. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: The electronic device includes a processor, a memory, and a computer program; wherein the processor is connected to the memory, the computer program is stored in the memory, and when the electronic device is running, the processor executes the computer program stored in the memory to cause the electronic device to execute instructions that implement the railway engineering construction project risk management method as described in any one of claims 1-3.

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