Lamp, device and method for plant cultivation

Abstract

A lamp (2) for plant cultivation having at least one light source (16) for generating light for cultivating at least one plant (4) to be cultivated, at least one detection device (22) for detecting at least one state parameter of the plant (4) and at least one adjustment device (7) for displacing the at least one light source (16) relative to the plant (4) depending on the at least one state parameter. A device (1) and a method for plant cultivation are also described.

Description

[0001] Invention Field

[0002] The contents of German patent application DE 10 2021 202 877.2 are incorporated herein by reference.

[0003] This invention relates to a lamp and apparatus for plant cultivation. It also relates to a method for plant cultivation. Background Technology

[0004] Lamps used for plant cultivation are known from existing technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The object of this invention is to improve a lamp for plant cultivation, and in particular to provide a lamp that can provide efficient illumination for the plants to be cultivated.

[0006] This objective is achieved by a lamp for plant cultivation. The lamp has at least one light source for generating light for cultivating at least one plant to be cultivated, at least one detection device for detecting at least one state parameter of the at least one plant to be cultivated, and at least one adjustment device for shifting the at least one light source relative to the at least one plant to be cultivated based on the at least one state parameter detected by the at least one detection device. The lamp has at least one light source for generating light for cultivating at least one plant to be cultivated and at least one detection device for detecting at least one state parameter of the at least one plant to be cultivated. Furthermore, the lamp has at least one adjustment device for shifting the at least one light source relative to the at least one plant to be cultivated based on the at least one state parameter detected by the at least one detection device. The at least one adjustment device is specifically configured to automatically shift the at least one light source relative to the at least one plant to be cultivated based on the detected at least one state parameter. By shifting the at least one light source, the relative position of the at least one light source relative to the at least one plant to be cultivated can be adjusted, and particularly optimized, according to the at least one state parameter, especially the spacing of the at least one light source. The plant lamp, in particular, can be adapted to the needs of at least one plant to be cultivated. This is beneficial for healthy and efficient plant growth.

[0007] Furthermore, by shifting the at least one light source relative to the at least one plant to be cultivated, unnecessary stray light that does not fall on the plant is reduced, and in particular avoided. This improves the energy efficiency of the lamp. The lamp allows for efficient and economical plant cultivation.

[0008] The relocation of the at least one light source relative to the at least one plant to be cultivated can be carried out continuously or gradually, particularly according to changes in the at least one state parameter, and preferably according to the growth of the at least one plant to be cultivated. Preferably, the relative position of the at least one light source can be adapted continuously or gradually to the growth of the at least one plant to be cultivated. For example, the relocation of the at least one light source can be carried out such that the light cone passing through the at least one light source ensures the best possible coverage of the at least one plant to be cultivated. The at least one plant to be cultivated can be optimally lit at any time.

[0009] The lamp is used to cultivate at least one plant to be cultivated. Plant cultivation can be carried out at one or more vegetation stages of the at least one plant to be cultivated, particularly at the seedling stage, growth stage, flowering stage, propagation stage, and / or harvesting stage. The at least one plant to be cultivated can exist at least at the beginning of plant cultivation, particularly as a plant seed, a germinating plant seed, a seedling, and / or a mature plant. The relative position of the at least one light source can be adapted, particularly to the different vegetation stages of the at least one plant to be cultivated, via the at least one adjustment device.

[0010] The at least one state parameter may in particular be the size, leaf area index (LAI), water content, nutrient content, especially sugar content, vegetation stage, especially growth period, and / or temperature of the at least one plant to be cultivated. Additionally or alternatively, the humidity of the plant substrate and / or ambient air and / or the temperature of the ambient air and / or plant substrate are also considered as state parameters. The at least one state parameter is preferably a growth parameter of the at least one plant to be cultivated. Herein and below, growth parameter should be understood as a state parameter that allows inference of the plant growth status of the at least one plant to be cultivated. Exemplary growth parameters include, in particular, the size, vegetation stage, especially growth period, and / or leaf area index of the at least one plant to be cultivated. The relocation of at least one light source may preferably be performed based on the size of the plant and / or its vegetation stage, especially its growth stage. The relocation of the at least one light source may be performed continuously or gradually based on the size and / or vegetation stage of the at least one plant to be cultivated.

[0011] The at least one regulating device is specifically configured to automatically, particularly fully automatically, shift at least one light source relative to at least one plant to be cultivated based on at least one detected state parameter. For example, the at least one regulating device has an evaluation unit for evaluating the at least one state parameter and / or for controlling the shifting of the at least one light source based on the at least one state parameter.

[0012] The displacement of the at least one light source can be performed, in particular, by a motor, hydraulically, and / or pneumatically. Preferably, the displacement of the at least one light source is achieved by a driver of the at least one adjusting device. Preferably, the at least one adjusting device has a motor, particularly an electric, hydraulic, and / or pneumatic driver. The driver can be controlled, for example, by an evaluation unit of the at least one adjusting device according to at least one state parameter.

[0013] The lamp has at least one light source for generating light for cultivating the at least one plant to be cultivated. The light generated by the at least one light source is incident on the at least one plant to be cultivated. Preferably, the lamp has multiple light sources. Multiple light sources enable better coverage of the at least one plant to be cultivated with the incident light.

[0014] Preferably, at least one light source has at least one LED. LEDs are robust, durable, and energy-efficient. In particular, the at least one light source has at least one multi-color LED.

[0015] Particularly preferably, the radiation characteristics of the at least one light source are variable. For example, the spectrum and / or intensity of the light produced by the at least one light source can be variable. In particular, the radiation characteristics of the at least one light source can be adapted to the at least one state parameter of the at least one plant to be cultivated. For example, the spectrum of the at least one light source can be adapted to the corresponding vegetation stage of the at least one plant to be cultivated, especially the growth stage. LEDs with adaptable radiation characteristics, especially adaptable spectra, have proven to be particularly suitable.

[0016] According to one embodiment, at least one adjusting device has a linear actuator, particularly a spindle actuator, and the lamp is robust and capable of precise displacement of the at least one light source. In particular, the spindle actuator enables stepless displacement of the at least one light source. The lamp, especially its geometry, can be steplessly adapted to at least one state parameter of the plant. The linear actuator, especially the spindle actuator, enables at least partial linear displacement of the lamp. In particular, this allows for high-level adaptation of the lamp, especially at least one light source. The lamp can be adapted particularly well to varying dimensions of at least one plant to be cultivated.

[0017] Linear drives, especially spindle drives, can be motors, particularly electric motors. Torque motors have proven to be particularly suitable. In particular, spindle drives can convert the rotational motion of a motor into linear motion.

[0018] According to one embodiment, at least one adjustment device has at least one cantilever pivotally supported relative to the lamp base, allowing for particularly flexible and stable adjustment of the lamp. The pivotally supported cantilever enables displacement of at least one light source relative to the lamp base. Displacement of the lamp base is not required. The at least one lamp base can, in particular, be in a fixed position. This improves the stability of the lamp. The lamp base can, for example, be a lamp support.

[0019] The pivotally supported cantilever enables simple and targeted displacement of the at least one lamp. In particular, at least one cantilever can pivot about a horizontal axis.

[0020] Preferably, the lamp has multiple cantilever arms pivotally supported on the lamp base. For example, the cantilever arms may extend from the lamp base, which is configured as a support, in a star shape. In particular, the cantilever arms may be arranged symmetrically with respect to the lamp base. For example, the lamp has four cantilever arms, each staggered from the other by 90°.

[0021] Multiple cantilevers can be arranged on the lamp base, particularly in an umbrella-like manner. Therefore, the pivoting of the cantilevers causes the umbrella-like structure formed by the cantilevers to open or close. This allows for easy adaptation of the lamp geometry in terms of height and width.

[0022] According to one embodiment, at least one cantilever is coupled via a coupling element to a linear actuator of the at least one adjusting device, particularly to the spindle nut of the spindle drive, and the lamp is stably and precisely adjustable. Through the coupling element, at least one cantilever can pivot in a simple and precise manner. Pivoting is particularly guided. The linear motion generated by the linear drive, particularly the spindle drive, can be converted into the pivoting motion of at least one cantilever via the coupling element. Preferably, each cantilever has one coupling element.

[0023] The coupling element is implemented, in particular, in the form of a coupling rod. The coupling rod is effectively connected, in particular, to the corresponding cantilever and linear actuator, especially the spindle nut. The coupling rod can be fixed, for example, pivotally fixed to the corresponding cantilever and / or linear actuator, especially the spindle nut.

[0024] The coupling rod is preferably formed as a guide gear for at least one cantilever. The coupling rod can be rigidly connected to the spindle nut of a linear drive, particularly a spindle drive. The coupling rod can be movably, particularly movably along a guide, and / or pivotally arranged on the respective cantilever. For example, the coupling rod is arranged by a torsional compensating element, particularly fixed to the respective cantilever. The guide gear has a simple structure and is stable and reliable.

[0025] According to one embodiment, at least one light source is capable of being displaced along the at least one cantilever, particularly in a guided manner, making the lamp exceptionally flexible. The displaceability of the at least one light source along the at least one cantilever of the adjustment device enables displacement in another degree of freedom. In particular, in addition to the height adjustment of the substrate and the pivotability of the at least one cantilever, displacement in another degree of freedom is possible. This increases the flexibility in displacing the at least one light source. The position of the at least one light source can be adapted with particular precision to at least one state parameter, especially size, of the at least one plant to be cultivated. Preferably, the displacement of the at least one light source along the at least one cantilever is performed according to the pivoting position of the cantilever.

[0026] Preferably, the at least one light source is arranged on at least one substrate, particularly on at least one flexible substrate. The at least one substrate is particularly preferably capable of displacement along the at least one cantilever, especially in a guided manner. The at least one substrate having at least one light source can, for example, form at least one light strip.

[0027] At least one light source is particularly capable of being moved in a guided manner along the cantilever. For example, at least one cantilever may have a guide rail for at least one substrate on which at least one light source is arranged, particularly a guide rail for a light strip.

[0028] According to one embodiment, at least one light source is coupled to a linear driver of the at least one adjustment device, particularly to the spindle nut of the spindle driver, making the lamp structurally simple and reliable. Due to the coupling of the at least one light source to the linear driver, and especially to the spindle nut of the spindle driver, the displacement of the at least one light source is ensured by the linear driver. A separate driver for displacing at least one light source along at least one cantilever is not required.

[0029] In particular, at least one substrate, especially at least one flexible substrate, may preferably be disposed thereon and coupled to the spindle nut of the linear actuator, especially the spindle actuator. The at least one substrate may be fixed to the linear actuator, especially to the spindle nut, for example, at the end side.

[0030] Preferably, the at least one cantilever and the at least one light source, particularly at least one substrate of the at least one light source, are coupled to the linear actuator, and especially to the spindle nut. This ensures simultaneous and coordinated displacement of the at least one cantilever and the at least one light source. In particular, the displacement of the at least one light source along the at least one cantilever is ensured according to the pivoting position of the at least one cantilever.

[0031] According to one embodiment, at least one light source is arranged on at least one flexible substrate, the lamp being flexible and durable. The flexible substrate can be easily and reliably adapted to displacement caused by an adjustment device. This ensures reliable fixation of at least one light source during its displacement, avoiding unnecessary wear.

[0032] The at least one flexible substrate particularly has a flexible circuit board. The flexible circuit board allows for reliable power supply and driving of the at least one light source. Preferably, multiple light sources, particularly multiple LEDs, are arranged on the at least one flexible substrate. The flexible substrate can be a light strip, particularly an LED strip. Preferably, the lamp has a flexible substrate, particularly a light strip, for each cantilever.

[0033] According to one embodiment, at least one flexible substrate is movable along at least one cantilever of the at least one adjusting device, particularly in a guided manner, making the lamp particularly flexible. The movable nature of the at least one flexible substrate along at least one cantilever of the adjusting device improves flexibility when moving at least one light source. The position of the at least one light source can be adapted with particular precision to at least one state parameter, especially size, of the at least one plant to be cultivated. Preferably, the displacement of the at least one flexible substrate along the at least one cantilever is based on the pivoting position of the cantilever.

[0034] The at least one flexible substrate is particularly capable of being displaced in a guided manner along the cantilever, and particularly capable of being moved in a guided manner. For example, the at least one cantilever may have a guide rail for the at least one flexible substrate, especially an optical strip. Preferably, each flexible substrate, especially an optical strip, of each cantilever can be guided to move in its respective guide rail.

[0035] According to one embodiment, at least one flexible substrate is coupled to a linear actuator of the at least one adjusting device, particularly to the spindle nut of the spindle actuator, resulting in a structurally simple and reliable lamp. Due to the coupling of the at least one flexible substrate to the linear actuator, particularly to the spindle nut of the spindle actuator, displacement of the at least one flexible substrate is ensured by the linear actuator. A separate actuator for displacing the at least one flexible substrate is not required. The at least one flexible substrate can be, for example, end-side fixed to the linear actuator, particularly to the spindle nut.

[0036] Preferably, at least one cantilever and at least one flexible substrate are coupled to a linear actuator, particularly to a spindle nut. This ensures simultaneous and coordinated displacement of the at least one cantilever and the at least one flexible substrate. In particular, the displacement of the at least one flexible substrate along the at least one cantilever is ensured according to the pivoting position of the at least one cantilever.

[0037] According to one embodiment, at least two light sources are provided, arranged such that light can be incident on at least one plant to be cultivated from at least two sides, ensuring particularly effective light penetration onto the at least one plant. Injecting light onto the at least one plant to be cultivated from at least two sides improves the plant's light yield. In particular, light is not only illuminating the edge sides of the plant, such as the upper leaves. The arrangement of the at least two light sources specifically ensures that at least one of the light sources incidents light onto the plant from above, and at least one additional light source incidents light onto the at least one plant from the side. Preferably, light can be incident from above and at least two sides using multiple light sources.

[0038] Particularly preferably, the lamp has at least two light sources for each flexible substrate, especially for each light strip. The at least one flexible substrate can be arranged such that the at least two light sources on the flexible substrate can project light onto the at least one plant to be cultivated from at least two sides. For example, the light strip can be curved along the outer contour of the plant. This arrangement of the flexible substrates ensures that at least one of the light sources projects light onto the plant from above, and at least one additional light source projects light onto the at least one plant from the side.

[0039] According to one embodiment, at least one detection device has at least one spectrometer, particularly at least one NIR spectrometer, at least one distance sensor, and / or at least one 3D scanner, and the lamp is particularly well adapted to the at least one plant to be cultivated. The distance sensor allows for the positioning of at least one light source relative to at least one plant to be cultivated in a simple and effective manner. The 3D scanner, particularly a laser scanner, allows for the measurement of plant size. Suitable 3D scanners are, for example, lidar systems, ladar systems, and / or ToF cameras. Lidar is an abbreviation for "light detection and ranging" or "light imaging, detection, and ranging." Ladar is an abbreviation for "stimulated emission light amplification for radiation detection and ranging." ToF is an abbreviation for "time of flight." In particular, the 3D scanner allows for particularly precise tracking of plant growth progress. The lamp can be particularly precisely adapted to the size of the plant.

[0040] Spectrometers, especially those for the near-infrared (NIR) range, also known as NIR spectrometers, enable spectral analysis of radiation emitted from at least one plant to be cultivated. Spectral analysis allows conclusions to be drawn regarding different state parameters of at least one plant to be cultivated, such as nutrient content, water content, size, and / or leaf area index. In particular, the corresponding vegetation stage of the plant, especially the corresponding growth period, can be determined.

[0041] Preferably, the at least one detection device has at least one spectrometer, particularly an infrared spectrometer, especially an NIR spectrometer. In the infrared range, plant parts, especially leaves, have particularly high reflectance. Therefore, plant size, especially leaf coverage, and especially leaf area index, can be determined particularly accurately. Plant size and / or vegetation stage, especially the growth period, can then be easily and reliably deduced. The position and / or radiation characteristics of the at least one light source can be adapted particularly precisely to the corresponding state of the at least one plant to be cultivated. NIR spectroscopy has proven particularly suitable for measuring the water content and / or nutrient content of at least one plant to be cultivated. Conclusions regarding the corresponding vegetation stage, especially the growth period, can be drawn from the water and / or nutrient content. Furthermore, this information can be used to control, particularly regulate, the automatic irrigation and / or fertilization of at least one plant to be cultivated. For example, the quantity and / or quality of nutrients in the plant can be determined, in particular, based on the NIR absorption spectrum of at least one plant to be cultivated. The lighting parameters, especially the radiation characteristics of the at least one light source, preferably the spectrum of the at least one light source, can be adapted to the quantity and / or quality of nutrients in the plant so that the plant is stimulated to produce the required nutrients.

[0042] In particular, wavelengths from 700 nm to 10000 nm, especially from 760 nm to 2500 nm, and especially from 850 nm to 2500 nm, are suitable for NIR spectroscopy. Particularly preferred is an infrared spectrometer, especially an NIR spectrometer, capable of broadband spectral analysis at wavelengths between 700 nm and 10000 nm, especially between 850 nm and 2500 nm.

[0043] For near-infrared spectroscopy, an NIR spectrometer records the near-infrared radiation reflected by at least one plant to be cultivated. An NIR spectrometer can be, for example, an NIR sensor. Exemplary suitable NIR sensors are described, for example, in DE 10 2019 102 176 A1.

[0044] Infrared radiation, especially reflected infrared radiation, is emitted from the at least one plant to be cultivated, particularly its leaves. For this purpose, infrared radiation, especially NIR radiation, can be incident on the at least one plant to be cultivated. For example, light generated by the at least one light source and incident on the plant includes infrared radiation. For example, the spectrum of the at least one light source includes NIR radiation. Alternatively or additionally, the detection device may have at least one NIR radiation source, such as an NIR LED and / or an NIR laser. Preferably, the NIR radiation source has a broadband NIR emitter. An exemplary suitable infrared radiation source is described in DE 10 2018 101 974 A1. The NIR radiation source preferably generates NIR radiation with wavelengths from 700 nm to 10000 nm, particularly 760 nm to 2500 nm, particularly 850 nm to 2500 nm. With the aid of an NIR radiation source, the NIR radiation required for NIR spectroscopy can be specifically targeted. This improves the efficiency and measurement accuracy of the spectrometer.

[0045] The at least one detection device is preferably displaced when the at least one light source is moved by the at least one adjustment device. The detection takes into account the displacement of the at least one light source. The at least one detection device, in particular at least one spectrometer, at least one distance sensor, and / or at least one 3D scanner, may be arranged, for example, on one or more cantilever arms of the adjustment device. For example, the at least one detection device may be arranged directly on at least one cantilever arm. Additionally or alternatively, the at least one detection device may be arranged on a flexible substrate of the at least one light source.

[0046] The portability of the at least one detection device, particularly the at least one NIR spectrometer, also has the advantage that the position of the at least one sensor relative to the at least one plant to be cultivated is variable. For example, measurements can be performed in different relative positions. This allows for particularly precise measurements. For example, multiple measurements can be taken at the start of the corresponding plant cultivation. This allows the precise initial state of the plant to be determined. Based on this determination, other parameters of the plant cultivation can be determined. For example, it can be determined from which plant size the radiation characteristics of at least one light source become variable.

[0047] The lamp may include a data interface for receiving and / or transmitting data. The data interface may be wired and / or wireless. The data interface is particularly designed for data exchange via Bluetooth, WLAN, and / or mobile radio, especially 3G, 4G, and / or 5G. The data interface enables connection to the user's device, particularly an app on a smartphone. Operating parameters and / or cultivation data can be transmitted to the lamp via the data interface, for example. For instance, information about the plant to be cultivated, particularly about its genus and / or species, can be transmitted to the lamp. Based on the cultivation data, the lamp can be optimally adapted to the cultivation of the relevant plant. For example, specific operating parameters can be transmitted, particularly relating to changes in the lamp's regulation and / or radiation characteristics. Alternatively, for different plant genera and / or species, these operating parameters can already be stored in the lamp's memory. Data can also be output via the data interface. For example, data about at least one detected state parameter can be output. For example, a notification can be output to the user when a new vegetation stage is achieved.

[0048] According to one embodiment, at least one secondary detection device is provided for detecting at least one additional state parameter of the at least one plant to be cultivated, allowing for particularly flexible and user-friendly operation. In particular, plant growth can be fully automated. For example, the at least one secondary detection device has a humidity sensor and / or a temperature sensor. The humidity sensor, for example, can determine the humidity content of the plant substrate, air, and / or at least one plant to be cultivated. Based on the determined moisture content, irrigation can be controlled, particularly automatically. The temperature required for plant growth can be monitored, and especially controlled, using the temperature sensor.

[0049] Another object of the present invention is to improve an apparatus for plant cultivation.

[0050] This objective is achieved by a device for plant cultivation. The device has at least one lamp for plant cultivation as described above and at least one container for holding at least one plant substrate. The device has the advantages of the lamp described above. The container can be specifically constructed to hold plant substrates for hydroponics. This device is particularly suitable for hydroponic plant cultivation.

[0051] The device can be constructed in a modular fashion. For example, different lights and containers can be combined to accommodate different types of plant cultivation, especially different plant sizes and / or different numbers of plants to be cultivated. Different containers can be used, for example, for hydroponics and / or potting soil as plant substrates. Furthermore, different plant sizes can be considered through different containers and / or plant lights.

[0052] According to one embodiment, at least one liquid reservoir and / or fertilizer reservoir is provided for supplying liquid and / or fertilizer to the at least one plant to be cultivated, particularly based on at least one detected state parameter of the at least one plant to be cultivated. This device is particularly versatile. In particular, fully automated plant cultivation can be achieved by means of this device. Irrigation and / or fertilization of plants adapted to corresponding state parameters can be realized by means of the liquid reservoir and / or fertilizer reservoir. For example, the need for irrigation can be measured by means of a humidity sensor. The moisture content and / or nutrient content can also be determined in a simple and accurate manner using an NIR spectrometer. Irrigation and / or fertilization can be optimally adapted to the corresponding state of at least one plant to be cultivated. This improves the efficiency of plant growth and cultivation methods.

[0053] Water and / or fertilizer reservoirs can be part of the lamp, in particular. For example, the lamp may have filling openings in the lamp body for filling the water and / or fertilizer reservoirs.

[0054] The device, especially the container, can also have an irrigation system for automatic irrigation. In particular, the irrigation system can be designed for drip irrigation.

[0055] The device, particularly the container, may have a temperature regulating device, especially a heater. The temperature regulating device ensures the optimal temperature for plant cultivation.

[0056] Another object of the present invention is an improved method for plant cultivation.

[0057] This objective is achieved through a method for plant cultivation. First, at least one plant to be cultivated and a lamp as described above are provided. Preferably, the aforementioned apparatus for plant cultivation is provided. Light is shone onto the at least one plant to be cultivated by means of at least one light source of the lamp. At least one state parameter of the at least one plant to be cultivated is detected by means of at least one detection device of the lamp. By means of the at least one adjustment device, the at least one light source is displaced relative to the at least one plant to be cultivated according to the at least one state parameter. This method has the advantages described regarding the lamp. Plant growth can be particularly advantageously promoted using this method. Plant cultivation is highly efficient and energy-saving.

[0058] The at least one plant to be cultivated can be provided, in particular, as plant seeds, germinating plant seeds, seedlings, and / or mature plants. The method for plant cultivation can extend through one or more of the vegetation stages of at least one plant to be cultivated, especially the seedling stage, growth period, flowering stage, propagation stage, and / or harvesting stage.

[0059] According to one embodiment, the leaf area index and / or size of the at least one plant are detected by means of the at least one detection device, a method that can be adapted particularly precisely to different growth stages of the plant. Measurements can be performed using at least one spectrometer, preferably an NIR spectrometer, at least one distance sensor, and / or at least one 3D scanner.

[0060] According to one embodiment, the radiation characteristics of at least one light source are variable based on at least one detected state parameter, particularly adaptable, so that the method can be adapted particularly well to the corresponding needs of the plant. In particular, different growth stages of the at least one plant to be cultivated can be taken into account. The radiation characteristics of the at least one light source, especially its spectrum and / or intensity, can be adapted to the corresponding state of the at least one plant to be cultivated, especially its vegetation stage.

[0061] According to one embodiment, determining at least one additional state parameter of the at least one plant to be cultivated, particularly its moisture content and / or nutrient content, allows for particularly flexible and universal application. The determination of at least one additional state parameter allows for more precise consideration of the corresponding plant condition. In particular, determining the moisture content and / or nutrient content of at least one plant to be cultivated enables fully automated irrigation and / or fertilization of the plant. Not only lighting but also the supply of moisture and / or nutrients to the plant can be optimally adapted to the plant type and / or its respective condition.

[0062] According to one embodiment, the calibration step is used to determine the initial configuration of the lamps at the start of plant cultivation, particularly the location and / or radiation characteristics of the at least one light source; this method is particularly versatile and accurate. The calibration step may, for example, include inputting initial parameters. For instance, the species or genus of the plant to be cultivated and / or defined requirements can be transmitted to plant cultivation via a data interface. Further cultivation methods can be implemented based on these initial parameters.

[0063] Preferably, the initial state, particularly the species or genus and / or initial size of the plant to be cultivated, is automatically detected during the calibration step. This allows for the automatic selection of the optimal initial configuration of at least one light source, especially its position and / or distance characteristics. During the calibration step, at least one state parameter can preferably be measured multiple times using at least one detection device, particularly preferably using at least one detection device to measure at least one state parameter relative to at least one plant to be cultivated at different positions.

[0064] The calibration procedure is particularly advantageous for modular devices used for plant cultivation. Regardless of the combination of lamp and container, it ensures optimal compatibility between the lamp and the plant to be cultivated.

[0065] According to one embodiment, at least one light source is displaced in at least two, and particularly in at least three, degrees of freedom, making the method particularly flexible. Multiple degrees of freedom allow for a particularly good adaptation of the position of at least one light source relative to the plant. Possible degrees of freedom include, in particular, the height adjustability of the lamp, especially the height adjustability of the lamp base, the pivotability of at least one cantilever, and / or the displacement of at least one light source along the cantilever, especially the pivotable cantilever, particularly its mobility.

[0066] According to one embodiment, displacement is performed coupled in different degrees of freedom, particularly by a single driver, a method that is particularly precise and fault-resistant. The coupling of displacement in different degrees of freedom, especially in at least three different degrees of freedom, enables precise and coordinated displacement of the at least one light source. Using a single driver simplifies lamp design and ensures fault safety. Attached Figure Description

[0067] Other features, advantages, and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments with the aid of the accompanying drawings. As shown:

[0068] Figure 1 A perspective view of a device for plant cultivation with a lamp is shown, wherein the geometry of the lamp is adapted to the small size of the plant to be cultivated.

[0069] Figure 2 It shows that according to Figure 1 The cantilever and spindle drive of the lamp,

[0070] Figure 3 It shows according to Figure 1 A perspective view of the device, in which the geometry of the lamp is adapted to the larger size of the plant to be cultivated.

[0071] Figure 4 It shows according to Figure 3 Side view of the device,

[0072] Figure 5 It shows that according to Figure 3 A perspective view of the device from below, and

[0073] Figure 6 A schematic flowchart of a plant cultivation method is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0074] according to Figures 1 to 5 An embodiment of an apparatus 1 for plant cultivation is described. Apparatus 1 includes a lamp 2 and a container 3 for plant cultivation. The lamp 2 is geometrically adapted to the growth of the plant 4, schematically shown, to be cultivated. Figure 1 The image shows plant 4 at the beginning of plant cultivation. The geometry of lamp 2 is adapted to the small size of plant 4. Figure 2 The various components of lamp 2 are shown at the start of plant cultivation. Figures 3 to 5 In this process, the lamp is adapted to the simultaneous growth of plant 4 and thus to the larger size of plant 4. For clarity, the growing plant 4 is only... Figure 4 It is shown schematically in the diagram.

[0075] Container 3 is formed for use in Figure 1 and 3 The diagram schematically shows the container of the plant substrate 5. Plants 4 are grown in the plant substrate 5. The plant substrate 5 can be, for example, plant soil or a substrate used for hydroponics. Only the plant 4 to be cultivated is shown schematically in the diagram. However, due to the size of the container 3, multiple plants can also be grown in the plant substrate it contains. For example, multiple plants can be grouped around the lamp 2.

[0076] The container 3 and the lamp 2 are implemented as a single piece. The lamp 2 has a lamp base 6. The lamp base is constructed in the form of a support arranged centrally in the container 3.

[0077] Lamp 2 has an adjustment device 7. The adjustment device 7 has four cantilever arms 8 and a spindle driver 9. The spindle driver 9 has a threaded spindle 10 and a spindle nut 11. The threaded spindle 10 is integrated into the plant substrate 6. When the spindle nut 11 rotates, the spindle nut moves along the threaded spindle in the vertical direction V (see...). Figure 2 ).

[0078] The cantilever 8 is arranged in a star shape around the lamp base 6. The cantilever 8 is pivotally supported on the collar 13 via a flexible joint 12 (see...). Figure 2 The collar 13 is rotatably arranged on the lamp base 6. The cantilever 8 can pivot relative to the collar 13 and therefore relative to the lamp base 6 by means of the flexible joint 12. In the illustrated embodiment, the pivoting occurs about a horizontal pivot axis. The pivoting is achieved by means of a spindle driver 9.

[0079] The cantilever 8 is arranged in an umbrella shape on the lamp base 6. When adapting to the lamp geometry, the umbrella shape formed by the cantilever 8 opens or closes.

[0080] The cantilever 8 is coupled to the spindle nut 11 via coupling elements configured as coupling rods 14. The coupling rods 14 are rigidly arranged on the spindle nut 11. The coupling rods 14 are arranged on the respective cantilever 8 such that they function as guide gears during pivoting of the cantilever 8. The coupling rods 14 are arranged on the respective cantilever 8 via torsional compensation elements 36.

[0081] The adjusting device has an electric motor in the form of a torque motor (not shown). The torque motor is arranged in the region of the lamp base 6 at the height of the collar 13. Driven by the rotation of the torque motor, the collar 13 can be rotated relative to the base 6. The cantilever 8 begins to rotate by means of the collar 13. The rotation is transmitted to the main shaft nut 11 via the coupling rod 14. The rotation... Figure 2 The rotation is schematically shown by arrow R. Rotation is transmitted to the spindle nut 11, which then moves vertically in the direction V. Depending on the direction of rotation, the spindle nut moves upward or downward on the threaded spindle 10. The coupling rod 14 also moves upward due to the vertical movement of the threaded spindle. The coupling rod 14 here acts as a guide gear, which causes the cantilever 8 to pivot relative to the collar 13 and therefore relative to the lamp base 6. The pivoting occurs about a horizontal pivot axis defined by the flexible joint 12. The pivoting results in a displacement of the end 15 of the cantilever 8 away from the lamp base 6.

[0082] When the main shaft nut 11 moves upward, the cantilever end 15 of the cantilever 8 moves upward and laterally away from the lamp base 6. The umbrella-like structure formed by the cantilever 8 opens. When the main shaft nut 11 moves in the opposite direction, that is, when it moves downward along the threaded main shaft 10, the cantilever end moves downward and laterally relative to the lamp base 6. The umbrella-like structure formed by the cantilever 8 closes.

[0083] In the embodiment shown in the accompanying drawings, the cantilever 8 and thus the spindle nut 11 are placed in rotation to induce displacement. In other embodiments not shown, the lamp base 6 is rotatably supported at least by a threaded spindle 10. The threaded spindle 10 is placed in rotation by means of a motor, thereby enabling the pivoting of the cantilever 8, but not its rotation. In yet another embodiment, linear movement is achieved using other linear actuators. Instead of a spindle actuator, pneumatic and / or hydraulic actuators can be used, for example. The overall concept of displacement of the light source relative to the plant is independent of the adjustment device 7 specifically described herein. Any other adjustment device capable of achieving such displacement can be provided.

[0084] Lamp 2 has multiple light sources in the form of LEDs 16. For clarity, only individual LEDs among the LEDs 16 are labeled in the accompanying drawings. The LEDs 16 are arranged along a flexible substrate. The flexible substrate is formed of a flexible circuit board. The flexible substrate 17 is implemented in the form of a light strip. For each cantilever 8, there is a light strip 17 with LEDs 16. The light strip 17 is guided in a linear guide 18 of the cantilever 8. The light strip 17 is movable along the cantilever 18.

[0085] One end 19 of the light strip 17 is fixed to the spindle nut 11. As the spindle nut 11 moves along the threaded spindle 10, the end 19 of the light strip 17 is driven. The driving of the end 19 of the light strip 17 causes relative movement of the light strip 17 relative to the corresponding cantilever 8. Thus, the pivoting of the cantilever 8 and the relative linear movement of the light strip 17 relative to the cantilever 8 are caused by means of a rotational actuator. The rotational movement causes the LED 16 to shift relative to the lamp base 6 and then relative to the plant 4 to be cultivated.

[0086] The adjustment device 7 is used to adapt the position of the LED 16 relative to the plant 4 to be cultivated. The adjustment device 7 allows the lamp geometry of the lamp 2 to be changed. Figure 1 Different exemplary lamp geometries of lamp 2 are shown in diagrams 3 to 5. The adjustment device 7 enables continuous changes in the lamp geometry. These different lamp geometries are also referred to hereinafter as adjustment states. Stepless adjustment and adaptation of lamp 2 to plant 4 can be achieved by means of the spindle driver 9.

[0087] exist Figure 1 The diagram shows an adjustable state in which the cantilever 8 is pivoted downwards as much as possible. The spindle nut 11 is located in the region of the lower end of the threaded spindle 10. The light strip 17 extends along the threaded spindle 10 above the spindle nut 11. Thus, the light strip 17 extends on a part of the lamp base 6, which is configured as a support. The light strip 17 is also guided within the linear guide 18 of the corresponding cantilever 8. Thus, the LED 16 projects light onto the plant 4 from the side of the lamp base 6 and from above toward the cantilever 8. Due to the downward folding state, light also enters the plant 4 from the side opposite the lamp base. Due to the folded adjustable state, the light generated by the LED 16 is concentrated onto the plant 4 as much as possible, reducing stray light. Therefore, the lamp is energy-efficient. The light generated by the LED 16 can be optimally used to illuminate the plant 4.

[0088] exist Figures 3 to 5 In the adjusted state shown, the spindle nut 11 moves toward the upper end of the threaded spindle 10. This causes the cantilever 8 to pivot upwards. In this adjusted state, the cantilever 8 extends substantially horizontally outwards from the lamp base 6. Therefore, the cantilever 8 can cover a higher and wider area of ​​the plant 4. Simultaneously, the end 19 of the light strip 17 is positioned in the region of the upper end of the threaded spindle 10. The light strip 17 thus moves relative to the cantilever 8. The end 20 of the light strip 17 opposite to end 19 thus extends from the linear guide 18 beyond the free cantilever end 15 of the cantilever 8. A flexible joint 21 is provided on the cantilever end 15. The flexible joint 21 ensures that the cantilever end 15 hangs downwards under gravity. Accordingly, the light strip 17 hangs laterally downwards. Due to this arrangement of the light strip 17, the plant 4 is illuminated from above and from the side opposite to the lamp base 6.

[0089] In different adjustment states of lamp 2, plant 4 is illuminated from at least two sides. This increases light yield during plant cultivation. Lower leaves are not blocked by higher leaves. More precisely, light enters from different sides.

[0090] The LED 16 is moved relative to the plant 4 via the adjustment device 7. Therefore, the position of the LED 16 is optimally adapted to the corresponding state of the plant 4, especially the size of the plant 4. The movement of the LED 16 is fully automatic.

[0091] Lamp 2 has a detection device 22 for detecting the state parameters of plant 4 (see Figure 5 The detection device 22 includes an NIR spectrometer 24 and an NIR broadband emitter 23. The NIR broadband emitter 23 directs broadband infrared radiation toward the plant 4. The infrared radiation reflected by the plant 4, especially its leaves, is detected by the NIR spectrometer 24. The spectrum of the reflected infrared radiation allows conclusions to be drawn about the leaves, and thus about the size of the plant 4. Furthermore, the leaf area index can be determined from this. In addition, the water content and / or nutrient content of the plant 4 can be determined from the NIR spectrum. These state parameters of the plant 4 enable the determination of its growth state, especially its size, and different vegetation stages, especially its growth stage. The geometry of the lamp 2 is adapted according to the plant size and / or vegetation stage, especially its growth stage, so as to ensure optimal illumination of the plant 4 by means of the LED 16.

[0092] LED 16 is adaptable in terms of its radiation characteristics. This means that the intensity and spectrum of the light generated by LED 16 are adapted to the corresponding state parameters determined by detection device 22. This ensures optimal plant growth.

[0093] The adjustment device 7 has an evaluation unit (not shown) that determines at least one state parameter of the plant 4 from the NIR spectrum, particularly size, leaf area index, water content, and / or nutrient content. The adjustment device for shifting the LED 16 relative to the plant 4 is controlled based on this state parameter.

[0094] In the embodiment shown in the accompanying drawings, the NIR broadband emitter 23 is arranged in two of the four cantilever arms 8 at the height of the connection between the coupling rod 14 and the respective cantilever arm 8. An NIR spectrometer 24 is arranged at corresponding positions on the two additional cantilever arms 8. In other embodiments not shown, one NIR broadband emitter 23 and one NIR spectrometer 24 may be arranged for each cantilever arm 8.

[0095] In other embodiments not shown, additional sensors may be provided, either in addition to or in place of the NIR spectrometer. For example, a distance sensor may be used to determine the distance between LED 16 and plant 4. Based on the determined distance and adjustment status, the size of the plant may be captured, for example. In another embodiment, the shape and size of plant 4 may be detected by means of a 3D scanner, particularly a laser scanner, such as an NIR laser scanner. Particularly preferably, the detection device has at least one NIR spectrometer and at least one 3D scanner. In a preferred embodiment, the 3D scanner, particularly a laser scanner, and the NIR spectrometer may be arranged alternately on the cantilever.

[0096] Lamp 2 has a secondary detection device 25 for detecting at least one additional state parameter of plant 4. The secondary detection device 25 is arranged on the underside of the main shaft nut 11 (see...). Figure 5 The secondary detection device 25 includes a temperature sensor 26 and a humidity sensor 27. The temperature of the plant 4 and / or its surrounding environment can be measured by means of the temperature sensor 26. The desired temperature for plant cultivation can be monitored by means of the temperature sensor 26. In some embodiments, the temperature can also be controllable. For this purpose, the container 3 may have a heater (not shown).

[0097] The humidity sensor 27 can be used to determine the air humidity, soil moisture, and / or water content of the plant 4. Irrigation of the plant 4 can be adjusted based on the determined humidity value.

[0098] Container 3 has an automatic irrigation device 28 with a sprinkler 29. Device 1 enables targeted irrigation of plants 4, especially drip irrigation. Irrigation is performed automatically based on humidity values ​​determined by a humidity sensor 27 and / or the moisture content of plants 4 determined by an NIR spectrometer 24. Irrigation device 28 has a liquid reservoir 30. Liquid reservoir 30 is formed within lamp base 6. Liquid reservoir 30 can be filled via a filling opening 32 that can be closed by a valve 31.

[0099] Device 1 also includes a fertilizer storage container 35. The fertilizer storage container is located in... Figure 4 The fertilizer reservoir 35 is schematically shown. It enables automatic fertilization of the plants, particularly based on the nutrient content of the plants 4 determined by means of an NIR spectrometer 24. In other embodiments not shown, fertilizer can also be supplied via a water reservoir and an irrigation system.

[0100] Device 1 has a current connection terminal 33 constructed within container 3. Device 1 can be supplied with current via the current connection terminal 33. To power LED 16, light strip 17 is connected to a wire loop 34 at its end 19. Wire loop 34 enables current connection independent of displacement of the end 19 of light strip 17 along the spindle drive. In the region of collar 13, the current connection is made via sliding contacts, particularly sliding contacts for grounding and / or the positive terminal. Another optional sliding contact is used for data transmission, particularly for transmitting data detected by means of detection device 22 and / or secondary detection device 25.

[0101] Lamp 2 has a data interface (not explicitly shown) for exchanging data. The data interface is implemented as a wireless data connection. In other embodiments not shown, a cable-assisted data interface may be implemented, for example, via a current connection terminal 33. Operating parameters and / or cultivation data regarding plant 4 can be transmitted to lamp 2 via the data interface. Alternatively or additionally, the operating status of lamp 2 can be output. In particular, the status parameters of plant 4 determined by detection device 22 and / or secondary detection device 25 can be output. For example, output can be made when plant 4 has reached a new growth stage. Data input or output can be performed, for example, via a user's terminal device, especially a smartphone and / or tablet. For example, a special app can be set up for this purpose.

[0102] The following is for reference. Figure 6 40. Describe plant cultivation methods.

[0103] In step 41, at least one plant to be cultivated and a lamp for plant cultivation are provided. The provided lamp can be the lamp 2 described earlier. Preferably, the lamp is provided as part of device 1.

[0104] In calibration step 42, the provided lamp is calibrated. For example, operating parameters and / or cultivation data, especially those of the species or genus of the plant to be cultivated, can be transmitted to the lamp. The lamp can also perform automatic detection of relevant operating parameters and / or cultivation data. In particular, the state parameters of the plant to be cultivated can be determined through multiple measurements.

[0105] In plant cultivation step 43, light is shone onto at least one plant to be cultivated using at least one light source of the lamp. In plant cultivation step 43, at least one plant parameter is detected in detection step 44. Based on the detected state parameters, in adjustment step 45, at least one light source is repositioned relative to the plant to be cultivated using an adjustment device of the lamp. This achieves state-related adaptation of the lamp's geometry.

[0106] The detection step 44 and adjustment step 45 are performed repeatedly, as indicated by the repeating loop 46. In particular, continuous and / or stepwise adaptation of the lamp geometry can be achieved.

[0107] Based on at least one state parameter detected in detection step 44 of the plant to be cultivated, the radiation characteristics of at least one light source, especially its spectrum and / or intensity, are also adapted. In particular, the radiation characteristics are adapted to the plant's vegetation stage, especially its growth stage. Adaptation can be performed in adjustment step 45.

[0108] In secondary detection step 47, at least one additional state parameter of the plant to be cultivated is detected. Based on said additional state parameter, corresponding adaptation is performed in adaptation step 48. For example, the water content and / or nutrient content of the plant to be cultivated can be determined in secondary detection step 47. Then, automatic irrigation and / or fertilization of the plant is performed in adaptation step 48. Secondary detection step 47 and adaptation step 48 are repeated cyclically, as indicated by repeating cycle 49. In particular, the water balance and / or nutrient balance of at least one plant to be cultivated can be monitored and / or adjusted continuously and / or progressively.

[0109] In secondary detection step 47, other state parameters, such as ambient temperature, can also be detected. Based on these other state parameters, further adaptation can be performed in adaptation step 48, such as temperature adaptation.

Claims

1. A lamp for plant cultivation, having - At least one light source (16) for generating light for cultivating at least one plant (4) to be cultivated, - At least one detection device (22) for detecting at least one state parameter of the at least one plant (4) to be cultivated, and - At least one adjusting device (7) for shifting the at least one light source (16) relative to the at least one plant (4) to be cultivated according to at least one state parameter detected by the at least one detection device (22). The at least one adjusting device (7) has at least one cantilever (8) that is pivotally supported relative to the lamp base (6). The at least one light source (16) is capable of being displaced along the at least one cantilever (8), and The at least one adjustment device (7) has a linear driver, the at least one cantilever (8) is coupled to the linear driver of the at least one adjustment device (7) via a coupling element (14), and the at least one light source (16) is coupled to the linear driver of the at least one adjustment device (7) such that the at least one light source (16) is ensured to be displaced along the at least one cantilever (8) according to the pivoting position of the at least one cantilever (8).

2. The lamp according to claim 1, characterized in that, The linear drive is a spindle drive (9).

3. The lamp according to claim 2, characterized in that, The at least one cantilever (8) is coupled to the spindle nut (11) of the spindle driver (9) via a coupling element (14).

4. The lamp according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The at least one light source (16) is capable of being moved in a guided manner along the at least one cantilever (8).

5. The lamp according to claim 2, characterized in that, The at least one light source (16) is coupled to the spindle nut (11) of the spindle driver (9).

6. The lamp according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The at least one light source (16) is arranged on at least one flexible substrate (17).

7. The lamp according to claim 6, characterized in that, The at least one flexible substrate is capable of shifting along the at least one cantilever (8) of the at least one adjustment device (7).

8. The lamp according to claim 6, characterized in that, The at least one flexible substrate is coupled to the linear actuator of the at least one adjustment device (7).

9. The lamp according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, At least two light sources (16) are provided, wherein the at least two light sources (16) are arranged such that light can be incident on the at least one plant (4) to be cultivated from at least two sides by means of the at least two light sources (16).

10. The lamp according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The at least one detection device (22) has at least one spectrometer. It has at least one distance sensor and / or at least one 3D scanner.

11. The lamp according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, At least one secondary detection device (25) is provided, which is used to detect at least one additional state parameter of the at least one plant (4) to be cultivated.

12. An apparatus for plant cultivation, having - At least one lamp (2) according to at least one of claims 1 to 11, and - At least one container (3) for containing at least one plant substrate (5).

13. The apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that, The facility is provided with at least one liquid reservoir (30) and / or fertilizer reservoir (35) for supplying liquid and / or fertilizer to the at least one plant to be cultivated (4) according to at least one detected state parameter of the at least one plant to be cultivated (4).

14. A method for plant cultivation, comprising the following steps - Provide at least one plant to be cultivated (4). - Provide a lamp (2) according to at least one of claims 1 to 11. -Light is directed onto the at least one plant (4) to be cultivated by means of the at least one light source (16). - Detect at least one state parameter of the at least one plant (4) to be cultivated by means of the at least one detection device (22), and - By means of the at least one adjusting device (7), the at least one light source (16) is shifted relative to the at least one plant (4) to be cultivated according to the at least one state parameter. The at least one light source (16) is displaced in at least two or three degrees of freedom, and The shift is performed coupled through the linear actuator in different degrees of freedom.

15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that, The leaf area index and / or size of the at least one plant (4) are detected by means of the at least one detection device (22).

16. The method according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that, The radiation characteristics of the at least one light source (16) can vary depending on at least one detected state parameter.

17. The method according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that, Determine at least one additional state parameter of the at least one plant to be cultivated (4).

18. The method according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that, The calibration step (42) is used to determine the initial configuration of the lamp (2) at the start of plant cultivation.

19. The method according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that, The at least one light source (16) is shifted in at least three degrees of freedom.

20. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that, The at least one additional state parameter includes moisture content and / or nutrient content.

21. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that, The initial configuration includes the position and / or radiation characteristics of the at least one light source (16).

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