A polymerization reactor

Abstract

The polymerization reactor provided by this invention includes a tank body, a feed inlet, an excess material spraying assembly, a reactant spray pipe, and a discharge outlet. The inner cavity of the upper end cap of the tank body is a spherical reaction chamber. The feed inlet includes an excess material inlet and a reactant inlet. The excess material spraying assembly includes a diversion pipe and a longitudinal distribution pipe. The surface of the longitudinal distribution pipe is provided with a spray nozzle aligned with the center of the reaction chamber. By having multiple longitudinal distribution pipes evenly distributed along the axis of the diversion pipe, and opening oblique spray holes aligned with the inner wall of the tank body on the end cap of the distribution pipe at its bottom, the lowest point of the distribution pipe end cap is located in the plane where the lower opening of the oblique spray hole is located. When the reaction stops, the material can flow out spontaneously and is easy to empty. By coaxially setting a conical diversion hood inside the upper end of the tank body, the mixed liquid falling from the center of the sphere can be guided to the inner wall of the tank body, which not only prolongs the falling time but also realizes secondary mixing, resulting in good reaction effect. It can also use the heat transfer of the tank body to control the reaction temperature and improve reaction efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of reaction vessel technology, and more specifically to a polymerization reaction vessel. Background Technology

[0002] Polymerization is the process of converting low molecular weight monomers into high molecular weight polymers. Polymers possess important properties that low molecular weight monomers do not have, such as plasticity, fiber formation, film formation, and high elasticity, and are widely used in plastics, fibers, rubber, coatings, adhesives and other fields.

[0003] Polymerization reactions typically require the addition of two materials. For example, polyether reactions require the addition of reactants and circulating liquid. To ensure complete reaction and facilitate mass production, one of the reactants is usually added in excess. Additionally, catalysts are added to the reactor to promote polymerization. Since the degree of mixing between the two materials significantly affects polymerization efficiency, existing polymerization reactors employ a method of spraying both materials towards the same central point to achieve thorough mixing through counter-current flow. For instance, Chinese patent CN108295799A discloses such a polyether reactor (polymerization reactor). However, this approach has the following problems in practical use:

[0004] 1. The circulating liquid injection device is prone to material accumulation. Specifically, when the reaction stops, the circulating liquid in the horizontally arranged second ring pipe is difficult to drain. In particular, when the material discharged from the discharge system that has not met the reaction requirements is re-entered into the circulating liquid injection device, there will be a certain amount of reactant residue. This part of the reactant reacts with the residual circulating liquid in the second ring pipe to produce a polymerization reaction. When the product has a certain viscosity, it is easy to block the injection port of the second ring pipe, affecting the subsequent use of the polymerization reactor.

[0005] 2. The reactant and the circulating liquid collide only once in the center of the reaction chamber. The amount of circulating liquid that a unit mass of reactant comes into contact with is limited, making it impossible to ensure the ratio of reactant to circulating liquid in the mixture after the collision. At the same time, the falling process is relatively rapid and the reaction time is short, making it difficult to guarantee the reaction effect during the falling process of the mixture.

[0006] 3. After the mixture collides at the center of the reaction chamber, it falls from the center line of the tank and is far from the inner wall of the tank. During the fall, the temperature of the mixture is less affected by the tank, making it difficult to control the reaction temperature of the polymerization reaction through heat transfer from the tank. It is difficult to control the polymerization reaction at the optimal state. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a polymerization reactor that is easy to empty, has good reaction effect, and high reaction efficiency.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a polymerization reactor, comprising:

[0009] The tank body extends vertically and includes a cylindrical tank body in the middle, an upper end cap connected to the top of the tank body, and a lower end cap connected to the bottom of the tank body. The upper end cap includes a tapered reducing tube with a truncated end and a hemispherical end cap with an inner diameter larger than the inner diameter of the tank body. The small end of the reducing tube is connected to the top of the tank body, and the hemispherical end cap is inverted on the reducing tube and connected to the large end of the reducing tube, so that the inner cavity of the upper end cap forms a spherical reaction chamber. The lower end cap is an elliptical end cap.

[0010] The feed inlet includes an excess material inlet and a reactant inlet located on the hemispherical head. The excess material inlet is located at the center of the hemispherical head, and there are multiple reactant inlets distributed around the excess material inlet.

[0011] An excess material injection assembly includes a diversion pipe and a longitudinal distribution pipe. The diversion pipe extends vertically and its top is coaxially connected to the excess material inlet. A sealing plate is connected to the bottom of the diversion pipe. A through hole for diverting the flow is opened on the lower end sidewall of the diversion pipe. The upper end of the longitudinal distribution pipe is connected to the through hole. The lower end of the longitudinal distribution pipe extends downward along the inner wall of the upper end cap. The surface of the longitudinal distribution pipe facing the axis of the upper end cap is provided with injection ports aligned with the center of the hemispherical end cap. There are multiple injection ports that are spaced apart.

[0012] A reactant nozzle is located inside the hemispherical head. The upper end of the reactant nozzle is connected to the reactant inlet, and the lower end of the reactant nozzle extends downward at an angle. The extension line of the centerline of the reactant nozzle passes through the center of the hemispherical head.

[0013] The discharge port is located at the bottom center of the lower end cap and is coaxially connected to and communicates with the discharge pipe located on the outside of the tank body.

[0014] There are multiple longitudinal distribution pipes, which are evenly distributed along the axis of the diversion pipe. The bottom of each longitudinal distribution pipe is connected to a distribution pipe end cap. The distribution pipe end cap is provided with an oblique spray hole aligned with the inner wall of the tank. The diameter of the oblique spray hole is smaller than the diameter of the spray nozzle. The lowest point of the distribution pipe end cap is located in the plane where the lower opening of the oblique spray hole is located.

[0015] The polymerization reactor also includes a conical flow divider coaxially disposed within the reactor body. The conical flow divider is located at the upper end of the reactor body, and the highest point of the conical flow divider is lower than the distribution tube end cap. The conical flow divider is used to guide the mixture falling from the center of the hemispherical end cap to the inner wall of the reactor body. There is a gap between the edge of the conical flow divider and the inner wall of the reactor body for the mixture to pass through.

[0016] Preferably, on the same longitudinal distribution pipe, the sum of the diameters of all the injection ports is A, and the diameter of the oblique injection holes is B, wherein 3% ≤ B / A ≤ 6%.

[0017] Preferably, the oblique nozzle is a trumpet-shaped nozzle or a fan-shaped nozzle that is smaller at the top and larger at the bottom, and the diameter of the oblique nozzle is the diameter of the opening at the upper end of the oblique nozzle.

[0018] Preferably, a catalytic liquid pipe is provided on the tank body, and the catalytic liquid pipe is aligned with the upper surface of the conical diversion shroud.

[0019] Preferably, the tank body is provided with an observation window, the center of which is higher than the highest point of the conical diverter, and the lower edge of which is not lower than the lowest point of the conical diverter.

[0020] Preferably, the conical diversion hood includes a first cone located at the bottom and a second cone connected to the top of the first cone. The top center of the first cone has a catalyst overflow port, which is connected to a catalyst pipe penetrating the side wall of the tank through a pipe located below the first cone. The second cone is coaxially arranged with the first cone and is supported on the first cone by multiple support columns, covering the catalyst overflow port. The multiple support columns are evenly distributed along the axis of the tank.

[0021] More preferably, the taper of the second cone is the same as that of the first cone, and the outer diameter of the bottom of the second cone is 4 to 8 times the diameter of the catalytic liquid overflow port.

[0022] Preferably, the discharge pipe is provided with an anti-vortex baffle, which includes several crisscrossing longitudinal plates, and adjacent longitudinal plates form a discharge channel with a square cross-section.

[0023] Preferably, the polymerization reactor further includes a mixture injection pipe that extends in a vertical direction, with its upper end penetrating the hemispherical head and located on the side of the excess material inlet, and its lower end extending into the lower end of the tank body.

[0024] More preferably, the outer wall of the tank body is provided with a plurality of fixed lugs at intervals.

[0025] Due to the application of the above technical solution, the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0026] 1. By having multiple longitudinal distribution pipes evenly distributed along the axis of the diversion pipe, and by opening oblique spray holes aligned with the inner wall of the tank on the end caps of the distribution pipes connected to the bottom of the longitudinal distribution pipes, the diameter of the oblique spray holes is smaller than the diameter of the spray nozzles, and the lowest point of the distribution pipe end caps is located on the plane where the lower opening of the oblique spray holes is located. When the reaction stops, the material in the longitudinal distribution pipes can flow out spontaneously, which is easy to empty, does not accumulate material, and does not affect subsequent use. During normal reaction, the material sprayed from the oblique spray holes flows down the inner wall of the tank, forming a continuously flowing material layer on the inner wall of the tank.

[0027] 2. By coaxially installing a conical flow divider inside the tank, with the conical flow divider located at the upper end of the tank and its highest point lower than the distribution pipe head, a gap is created between the edge of the conical flow divider and the inner wall of the tank for the mixture to pass through. This allows the conical flow divider to guide the mixture falling from the center of the hemispherical head to the inner wall of the tank, where it undergoes secondary mixing with the continuously flowing material layer formed on the inner wall. This increases the proportion of excess material and maximizes the amount of excess material that comes into contact with per unit mass of reactant, thereby improving the polymerization reaction efficiency. Simultaneously, the presence of the conical flow divider retains the falling mixture, indirectly prolonging the reaction time, allowing for a more complete polymerization reaction and better reaction results.

[0028] 3. Since the mixture after secondary mixing flows downward along the inner wall of the tank and is in direct contact with the inner wall, the reaction temperature of the polymerization reaction of the mixture during the downward flow can be controlled by the heat transfer of the tank body, so as to keep the polymerization reaction under optimal conditions and thus improve the reaction efficiency of the polymerization reaction. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a front view schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention. For ease of observation, a partial cross-section has been provided.

[0030] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 The top view diagram shows the longitudinally distributed pipes with perspective for easier observation.

[0031] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A magnified view of a portion of point A in the middle.

[0032] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 Enlarged cross-sectional view along the BB direction.

[0033] Figure 5 , Figure 6These are top views of two other embodiments of the present invention, showing the distribution of the longitudinal distribution pipes.

[0034] Figure 7 This is a front view schematic diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention. For ease of observation, a partial cross-section has been provided.

[0035] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 A magnified view of a portion of point C.

[0036] The components are: 11. Tank body; 111. Catalytic liquid pipe; 112. Observation window; 12. Upper head; 121. Reducer; 122. Hemispherical head; 123. Reaction chamber; 13. Lower head; 21. Excess material inlet; 22. Reactant material inlet; 31. Diverter pipe; 311. Sealing plate; 312. Through hole; 32. Longitudinal distribution pipe; 321. Injection port; 322. Distribution pipe head; 323. Angled spray hole; 40. 50. Reactant nozzle; 51. Discharge port; 511. Discharge pipe; 512. Anti-vortex baffle; 513. Longitudinal plate; 514. Discharge channel; 60. Conical diverter; 61. Gap; 62. First cone; 621. Catalyst overflow port; 622. Pipe; 63. Second cone; 631. Support column; 70. Mixed liquid injection pipe; 80. Fixed lug; 90. Temperature regulating jacket; 91. Temperature regulating liquid outlet; 92. Temperature regulating liquid inlet. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more readily understood by those skilled in the art.

[0038] The up and down direction described in this invention refers to Figure 1 The up and down directions in the middle.

[0039] Example 1, as Figures 1 to 4As shown, the polymerization reactor provided by the present invention includes: a tank body, a feed inlet, an excess material injection assembly, a reactant spray pipe 40, a discharge outlet 50, and a conical flow divider 60. The tank body extends vertically and includes a cylindrical tank body 11 located in the middle, an upper end cap 12 connected to the top of the tank body 11, and a lower end cap 13 connected to the bottom of the tank body 11. The upper end cap 12 includes a tapered reducing pipe 121 with a truncated cone shape and a hemispherical end cap 122 with an inner diameter larger than the inner diameter of the tank body 11. The smaller end of the reducing pipe 121 is connected to the top of the tank body 11. The upper head 12 is inverted and connected to the larger end of the reducer 121, forming a near-spherical reaction chamber 123 within the inner cavity of the upper head 12. The lower head 13 is an elliptical head. The feed inlet includes an excess material inlet 21 and a reactant inlet 22 located on the hemispherical head 122. The excess material inlet 21 is located at the center of the hemispherical head 122, and there are two reactant inlets 22 distributed around the excess material inlet 21. The excess material injection assembly includes a diverter pipe 31 and a longitudinal distribution pipe 32. The diverter pipe 31 extends vertically, and its top connects to the feed inlet 122. The material inlet 21 is coaxially connected, and the bottom of the diversion pipe 31 is connected to a sealing plate 311. The lower end side wall of the diversion pipe 31 has a through hole 312 for diversion. The upper end of the longitudinal distribution pipe 32 is connected to the through hole 312. The lower end of the longitudinal distribution pipe 32 extends downward along the inner wall of the upper head 12 and extends to the small end of the reducing pipe 121. The surface of the longitudinal distribution pipe 32 facing the axis of the upper head 12 has a spray nozzle 321 aligned with the center of the hemispherical head 122. There are seven spray nozzles 321 distributed at intervals. The reactant spray pipe 40 is located at the hemispherical head. Inside 122, the upper end of the reactant nozzle 40 is connected to the reactant inlet 22, and the lower end of the reactant nozzle 40 extends downward at an angle. The extension line of the axis of the reactant nozzle 40 passes through the center of the hemispherical head 122, so that the opening of the lower end of the reactant nozzle 40 is aligned with the center of the hemispherical head 122. The discharge port 50 is opened at the bottom center of the lower head 13, and the discharge port 50 is coaxially connected to and communicates with the discharge pipe 51 located on the outside of the tank (below the lower head 13). In this embodiment, there are four longitudinal distribution pipes 32 (in other embodiments, such as...). Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, there can be six or eight longitudinal distribution pipes 32. These four longitudinal distribution pipes 32 are evenly distributed along the axis of the diversion pipe 31. The bottom of each longitudinal distribution pipe 32 is connected to a distribution pipe end cap 322. The distribution pipe end cap 322 has an oblique spray hole 323 aligned with the inner wall of the tank body 11. The diameter of the oblique spray hole 323 is smaller than the diameter of the spray nozzle 321, so that the material sprayed from the oblique spray hole 323 can flow down along the inner wall of the tank body 11, thereby forming a continuous downward flow on the inner wall of the tank body 11. The moving material layer, the lowest point of the distribution pipe end cap 322 is located in the plane where the lower end opening of the inclined nozzle 323 is located; the conical diverter 60 is coaxially arranged inside the tank body 11 and located at the upper end of the tank body 11, the highest point of the conical diverter 60 is lower than the distribution pipe end cap 322, the conical diverter 60 is used to guide the mixture falling from the center of the hemispherical end cap 122 to the inner wall of the tank body 11, and there is a gap 61 between the edge of the conical diverter 60 and the inner wall of the tank body 11 for the mixture to pass through.

[0040] The advantage of this setting is that:

[0041] 1. When the reaction stops, the material in the longitudinal distribution tube can flow out spontaneously, which is easy to empty, does not accumulate material, and does not affect subsequent use; during normal reaction, the material sprayed from the oblique nozzle flows down the inner wall of the tank, forming a material layer that flows continuously downward on the inner wall of the tank.

[0042] 2. The conical diversion hood can guide the mixed liquid falling from the center of the hemispherical head to the inner wall of the tank, where it is mixed again with the continuously flowing material layer formed on the inner wall of the tank. This increases the proportion of excess material and maximizes the amount of excess material that comes into contact with per unit mass of reactant, thereby improving the polymerization reaction efficiency. At the same time, the presence of the conical diversion hood retains the falling mixed liquid, which indirectly prolongs the reaction time, allowing the polymerization reaction to be more complete and the reaction effect to be better.

[0043] 3. Since the mixture after secondary mixing flows downward along the inner wall of the tank and is in direct contact with the inner wall, the reaction temperature of the polymerization reaction of the mixture during the downward flow can be controlled by the heat transfer of the tank body, so as to keep the polymerization reaction under optimal conditions and thus improve the reaction efficiency of the polymerization reaction.

[0044] On the same longitudinal distribution pipe 32, the sum of the diameters of all the injection ports 321 is A, and the diameter of the oblique injection holes 323 is B. In order to control the amount of material ejected from the injection ports 321 so that the material ejected from the injection ports 321 can smoothly reach the center of the hemispherical head 122 for mixing during normal reaction, preferably, 3% ≤ B / A ≤ 6%. In this embodiment, the diameter of each injection port 321 is 20 mm, the diameter of the oblique injection hole 323 is 7 mm, and B / A = 5%.

[0045] To further increase the width of the material layer (the material ejected from the oblique nozzle 323 and formed on the inner wall of the tank body 11) in the circumferential direction of the tank body 11, and to make the material layer cover the inner wall of the tank body 11 in the circumferential direction as much as possible, in this embodiment, the oblique nozzle 323 is a trumpet-shaped nozzle with a smaller top and a larger bottom, and the diameter of the oblique nozzle 323 is the diameter of the opening at the upper end of the oblique nozzle 323. In other embodiments, the oblique nozzle 323 can also be a fan-shaped nozzle.

[0046] To facilitate the injection of catalytic liquid, in this embodiment, a catalytic liquid pipe 111 is provided on the tank body 11. The nozzle of the catalytic liquid pipe 111 is higher than the edge of the conical flow divider 60, and the nozzle of the catalytic liquid pipe 111 is aligned with the upper surface of the conical flow divider 60.

[0047] To facilitate observation of the mixture falling from the center of the hemispherical head 122 onto the conical diverter 60, in this embodiment, an observation window 112 is provided on the tank body 11. The center of the observation window 112 is higher than the highest point of the conical diverter 60, and the lower edge of the observation window 112 is not lower than the lowest point of the conical diverter 60. The size and position of the observation window 112 are preferably such that the top and edge of the conical diverter 60 can be observed.

[0048] To prevent vortexes from forming during discharge, in this embodiment, an anti-vortex baffle 511 is provided inside the discharge pipe 51. The anti-vortex baffle 511 includes several crisscrossing longitudinal plates 512, and adjacent longitudinal plates 512 form a discharge channel 513 with a square cross-section.

[0049] In this embodiment, the polymerization reactor also includes a mixture injection pipe 70, which extends in the vertical direction. The upper end of the mixture injection pipe 70 passes through the hemispherical end cap 122 and is located on the side of the excess material inlet 21. The lower end of the mixture injection pipe 70 passes through the conical diverter 60 and extends into the lower end of the tank body 11.

[0050] To facilitate hoisting, in this embodiment, the outer wall of the tank body 11 is provided with multiple fixed lugs 80 at intervals. To facilitate environmental control and detection, the hemispherical head 122 and the tank body 11 are also provided with interfaces such as a pressure detection interface for connecting a pressure detector, a vacuum interface for connecting a vacuum pipeline, and a nitrogen interface for connecting a nitrogen pipeline.

[0051] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the conical diversion hood 60 can be connected to the inner wall of the tank body 11 through the existing support structure to achieve a coaxial suspended setting effect.

[0052] Example 2, as Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, Embodiment 2 is basically the same as Embodiment 1, except that the structure of the conical diversion hood 60 is different. Specifically, the conical diversion hood 60 in Embodiment 2 includes a first cone 62 located below and a second cone 63 connected to the top of the first cone 62. A catalyst overflow port 621 is provided at the center of the top of the first cone 62. The catalyst overflow port 621 is connected to the catalyst pipe 111 that penetrates the side wall of the tank body 11 through a pipe 622 located below the first cone 62. For easy connection, the catalyst pipe 111 is located below the conical diversion hood 60. The second cone 63 is coaxially arranged with the first cone 62. The second cone 63 is supported on the first cone 62 by multiple support columns 631 and covers the catalyst overflow port 621. The multiple support columns 631 are evenly distributed along the axis of the tank body 11.

[0053] The advantage of this design is that it allows the catalyst liquid to be easily guided to the surface of the conical manifold and to flow down the surface of the manifold evenly, thereby mixing evenly with the mixture falling from the center of the hemispherical head and improving the reaction efficiency of the polymerization reaction.

[0054] Preferably, the taper of the second cone 63 is the same as that of the first cone 62, and the bottom outer diameter of the second cone 63 is 4 to 8 times the diameter of the catalytic liquid overflow port 621. In this embodiment, the bottom outer diameter of the second cone 63 is 150 mm, the diameter of the catalytic liquid overflow port 621 is 25 mm, and the bottom outer diameter of the second cone 63 is 6 times the diameter of the catalytic liquid overflow port 621.

[0055] In addition, in this embodiment, in order to improve the temperature control capability of the polymerization reaction, a temperature control jacket 90 is provided on the outer wall of the tank body 11. The upper end of the temperature control jacket 90 is not higher than the first cone 62, and the lower end of the temperature control jacket 90 extends downward to the lower end cap 13. The upper end of the temperature control jacket 90 is provided with a temperature control liquid outlet 91, and the lower end is provided with a temperature control liquid inlet 92.

[0056] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the catalyst liquid pipe 111 can be opened first to make the catalyst liquid evenly distributed on the upper surface of the first cone 62 and flow downward. Then, the excess material inlet 21 can be opened to introduce excess material, so that the excess material forms a material layer flowing downward on the inner wall of the tank body 11. Then, the reactant inlet 22 can be opened to send in the reactant, so as to maximize the reaction effect and reaction efficiency. When stopping use, the reactant inlet 22 can be closed first, then the excess material inlet 21 can be closed, and finally the delivery of catalyst liquid can be stopped. The catalyst liquid can be drawn out in the reverse direction along the catalyst liquid pipe 111 for easy use next time.

[0057] The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention. Their purpose is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly. They should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit and essence of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A polymerization reactor, comprising: The tank body extends vertically and includes a cylindrical tank body in the middle, an upper end cap connected to the top of the tank body, and a lower end cap connected to the bottom of the tank body. The upper end cap includes a tapered reducing tube with a truncated end and a hemispherical end cap with an inner diameter larger than the inner diameter of the tank body. The small end of the reducing tube is connected to the top of the tank body, and the hemispherical end cap is inverted on the reducing tube and connected to the large end of the reducing tube, so that the inner cavity of the upper end cap forms a spherical reaction chamber. The lower end cap is an elliptical end cap. The feed inlet includes an excess material inlet and a reactant inlet located on the hemispherical head. The excess material inlet is located at the center of the hemispherical head, and there are multiple reactant inlets distributed around the excess material inlet. An excess material injection assembly includes a diversion pipe and a longitudinal distribution pipe. The diversion pipe extends vertically and its top is coaxially connected to the excess material inlet. A sealing plate is connected to the bottom of the diversion pipe. A through hole for diverting the flow is opened on the lower end sidewall of the diversion pipe. The upper end of the longitudinal distribution pipe is connected to the through hole. The lower end of the longitudinal distribution pipe extends downward along the inner wall of the upper end cap. The surface of the longitudinal distribution pipe facing the axis of the upper end cap is provided with injection ports aligned with the center of the hemispherical end cap. There are multiple injection ports that are spaced apart. A reactant nozzle is located inside the hemispherical head. The upper end of the reactant nozzle is connected to the reactant inlet, and the lower end of the reactant nozzle extends downward at an angle. The extension line of the centerline of the reactant nozzle passes through the center of the hemispherical head. The discharge port is located at the bottom center of the lower end cap and is coaxially connected to and communicates with the discharge pipe located on the outside of the tank body. Its features are: There are multiple longitudinal distribution pipes, which are evenly distributed along the axis of the diversion pipe. The bottom of each longitudinal distribution pipe is connected to a distribution pipe end cap. The distribution pipe end cap is provided with an oblique spray hole aligned with the inner wall of the tank. The diameter of the oblique spray hole is smaller than the diameter of the spray nozzle. The lowest point of the distribution pipe end cap is located in the plane where the lower opening of the oblique spray hole is located. The polymerization reactor also includes a conical flow divider coaxially disposed within the reactor body. The conical flow divider is located at the upper end of the reactor body, and the highest point of the conical flow divider is lower than the distribution tube end cap. The conical flow divider is used to guide the mixture falling from the center of the hemispherical end cap to the inner wall of the reactor body. There is a gap between the edge of the conical flow divider and the inner wall of the reactor body for the mixture to pass through.

2. The polymerization reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: On the same longitudinal distribution pipe, the sum of the diameters of all the injection ports is A, and the diameter of the oblique injection holes is B, wherein 3% ≤ B / A ≤ 6%.

3. The polymerization reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oblique nozzle is a trumpet-shaped nozzle or a fan-shaped nozzle that is smaller at the top and larger at the bottom, and the diameter of the oblique nozzle is the diameter of the opening at the upper end of the oblique nozzle.

4. The polymerization reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: A catalytic liquid pipe is installed on the tank body, and the catalytic liquid pipe is aligned with the upper surface of the conical flow divider.

5. The polymerization reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tank body is provided with an observation window, the center of which is higher than the highest point of the conical diverter, and the lower edge of which is not lower than the lowest point of the conical diverter.

6. The polymerization reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conical diversion hood includes a first cone located at the bottom and a second cone connected to the top of the first cone. The top center of the first cone has a catalyst overflow port, which is connected to a catalyst pipe penetrating the side wall of the tank through a pipe located below the first cone. The second cone is coaxially arranged with the first cone and is supported on the first cone by multiple support columns, covering the catalyst overflow port. The multiple support columns are evenly distributed along the axis of the tank.

7. The polymerization reactor according to claim 6, characterized in that: The taper of the second cone is the same as that of the first cone, and the outer diameter of the bottom of the second cone is 4 to 8 times the diameter of the catalytic liquid overflow port.

8. The polymerization reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The discharge pipe is equipped with an anti-vortex baffle, which includes several crisscrossing longitudinal plates, and adjacent longitudinal plates form a discharge channel with a square cross-section.

9. The polymerization reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The polymerization reactor also includes a mixing liquid injection pipe that extends vertically. The upper end of the mixing liquid injection pipe passes through the hemispherical head and is located on the side of the excess material inlet. The lower end of the mixing liquid injection pipe extends into the lower end of the tank body.

10. The polymerization reactor according to claim 9, characterized in that: The outer wall of the tank is provided with multiple fixed lugs at intervals.

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