Coal mining groundwater migration and protection comprehensive intelligent experiment platform and experiment method

Abstract

The application discloses a comprehensive intelligent experiment platform and experiment method for water migration and protection in coal mining underground, and belongs to the technical field of simulation experiments, which comprises the following steps: a loading roof beam and a counterforce frame are detachably connected together, and a first driving mechanism is arranged on the loading roof beam; a stock bin, a weighing assembly, a dry material mixing machine and a wet material mixing machine are sequentially communicated, a discharging pipe is communicated with the wet material mixing machine, and the discharging pipe and a compaction assembly are both arranged on a first moving assembly; a second driving mechanism and a sliding guide rail are both arranged on a base, a feeding support is slidingly connected with the sliding guide rail, the second driving mechanism is connected with the feeding support, a digging assembly is arranged at the front end of the feeding support, a transverse conveying member is arranged below the digging assembly, and a third driving mechanism for driving a conveying assembly is arranged on the feeding support. The application can realize the whole process simulation of coal mining, roof collapse, water migration and water occurrence, and improve the simulation accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of simulation experiment technology, specifically relating to an integrated intelligent experimental platform and experimental method for groundwater migration and protection in coal mining. Background Technology

[0002] The exploration of technologies for the protection and utilization of groundwater in mines mainly follows three paths: First, attempts to prevent the generation of mine water, namely, research on height-limited and backfill mining technologies, but this cannot be effectively implemented due to problems such as affecting mining efficiency and reducing coal recovery rates; second, attempts to store mine water on the surface, but this faces technical challenges such as insufficient storage space, high storage costs, evaporation waste, and serious water pollution, making it difficult to implement; third, storage of mine water underground, but there are problems such as the lack of mature technologies to draw upon, requiring the development and utilization of safe, efficient, and large-scale water storage technologies. Given the difficulty in effectively implementing the first two technical paths, continuous technical exploration and engineering practice are needed for underground mine water storage technologies. Currently, the use of field tests for groundwater migration and protection in coal mining has many limitations and safety hazards, and is costly, with numerical simulations being difficult and distorted. Physical simulation tests, as one of the main means of studying groundwater migration and protection in coal mining, have the advantages of being convenient, fast, and repeatable. In order to obtain more accurate physical simulation test data, it is necessary to maximize the similarity between the simulation test and the field.

[0003] Existing simulation devices for underground water reservoirs in coal mining each have their own characteristics, but their main limitations are as follows:

[0004] (1) It lacks the automatic splitting function of the test model space and loading device, and cannot meet the requirements of carrying out simulation tests of different scales, resulting in poor applicability and single function of the test device;

[0005] (2) There is no experimental device for the mechanized and intelligent production of experimental models. The production of experimental models mainly needs to be done manually, resulting in rough model production and poor test repeatability.

[0006] (3) There is no experimental device for the fusion acquisition of multi-physical quantity data and three-dimensional visualization during the test process. The data processing mainly relies on manual labor, which is time-consuming and laborious. The test results cannot be displayed in a three-dimensional, intuitive and real-time manner.

[0007] (4) The simulation of coal seam mining is done indirectly, which is different from the actual mining process in the field. This affects the authenticity of the simulation results.

[0008] To this end, various physical simulation test platforms suitable for groundwater migration and protection in coal mining have been developed.

[0009] Chinese patent CN110987607A invented a nested multi-coupled model test system and test method for coal mine underground reservoir dams. This system can simulate the dynamic and static pressure multi-load of coal mine underground reservoir dams. It introduces a reservoir pressure simulation device to realize multi-coupled simulation of multi-load of coal mine underground reservoir dams. However, this test system cannot simulate the coal seam mining, roof collapse and groundwater movement along the water diversion channel. It can only simulate the load on the underground reservoir and cannot simulate the entire construction and operation process of underground reservoirs in coal mine goaf areas.

[0010] Chinese patent CN108303514B invented an experimental device for simulating enclosed underground spaces in coal mines. It uses water-soluble support materials as temporary supports in the goaf and injects water into the goaf to dissolve the support materials, thus simulating the excavation process of an underground reservoir. However, this experimental device can only simulate the water state of an underground reservoir in a coal mine, and it cannot simulate the entire process of coal mining, roof collapse, water movement, and water storage, thus having significant limitations.

[0011] Chinese patent CN109916456A discloses an intelligent experimental device for determining the water storage coefficient of underground coal mine reservoirs using a vibration table. This device can simulate the pressure environment of the roof in the goaf and the spatial distribution characteristics of the rock mass voids, improving the reliability of predicting the water storage capacity of underground coal mine reservoirs through accurate measurement of the water storage coefficient. It can be placed on a vibration table for vibration experiments. However, this experimental device cannot simulate the entire process of coal mining, roof collapse, water movement, and water accumulation, and it can only obtain the water storage coefficient of the underground reservoir, failing to accurately obtain the spatial distribution of water storage in the goaf.

[0012] Therefore, how to provide a comprehensive intelligent experimental platform for groundwater migration and protection in coal mining that can simulate the entire process of coal mining, roof collapse, water migration and water accumulation is a problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0013] In view of this, the present invention provides an integrated intelligent experimental platform and experimental method for groundwater migration and protection in coal mining, which can realize the simulation of the entire process of coal mining, roof collapse, water migration and water accumulation, and improve the simulation accuracy.

[0014] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0015] A comprehensive intelligent experimental platform for groundwater migration and protection in coal mining includes:

[0016] The main template includes a reaction frame, a loading top beam, and a first driving mechanism. The loading top beam and the reaction frame are detachably connected together, and the first driving mechanism is disposed on the loading top beam.

[0017] The construction device includes a batching mechanism comprising a silo, a weighing component, a dry material mixer, and a wet material mixer. The silo and the weighing component are connected. The weighing component, the dry material mixer, and the wet material mixer are sequentially connected via pipelines. The laying mechanism includes a first moving component, a compaction component, and a feeding pipe. The feeding pipe is connected to the wet material mixer. Both the feeding pipe and the compaction component are mounted on the first moving component. The first moving component is slidably connected to the top end of the reaction frame.

[0018] A monitoring device is used to detect model data, and the monitoring device is connected to a control system;

[0019] A simulation device includes a digging component, a feeding component, and a transport component. The feeding component includes a base, a sliding guide rail, a feeding bracket, and a second drive mechanism. The second drive mechanism and the sliding guide rail are both mounted on the base. The feeding bracket and the sliding guide rail are slidably connected. The second drive mechanism is connected to the feeding bracket to drive the feeding bracket to move along the sliding guide rail. The digging component is located at the front end of the feeding bracket. The transport component includes a transverse conveyor and a longitudinal conveyor. The transverse conveyor is located below the digging component. One end of the longitudinal conveyor is connected to the transverse conveyor via a steering component. The other end of the longitudinal conveyor extends into a collection groove at the rear of the bracket. A third drive mechanism for driving the transport component is provided on the feeding bracket.

[0020] Preferably, each of the reaction frames is provided with a detachable crossbar in the middle, the reaction frames are fixedly connected by high-strength bolts, the connection positions of the reaction frames are provided with sealing elements, and the front end of the main template is hollowed out and provided with an observation window.

[0021] Preferably, the experimental platform further includes a top beam sliding device, which includes a support frame, a lifting component, a lifting component, a drive component, a first sliding rail, and a sliding frame. The lifting component is disposed on the sliding frame and is detachably connected to the loading top beam. The loading top beam is detachably connected to the sliding frame. The sliding frame is slidably connected to the first sliding rail. The lifting component is disposed on the support frame and is connected to the first sliding rail to drive the first sliding rail to rise and fall. The drive component is disposed at the end of the first sliding rail and is connected to the sliding frame to drive the sliding frame to move along the first sliding rail. A second sliding rail is disposed at the top of the reaction frame. The second sliding rail has the same specifications as the first sliding rail, and the first sliding rail is located above and behind the second sliding rail. The distance between the two first sliding rails is the same as the distance between the two second sliding rails.

[0022] Preferably, the experimental platform further includes a height adjustment component and a length adjustment component. The height adjustment component includes a pad and a hollow combined support column. The pad is disposed at the top of the hollow combined support column. Multiple hollow combined support columns are disposed evenly below the main template. The hollow combined support columns adopt a splicing structure. The length adjustment component is a split partition. Multiple grooves are evenly disposed within the reaction frame. The split partition is disposed within the grooves.

[0023] Preferably, the experimental platform further includes a tilting component and a rotating component, wherein the tilting component is connected to the compaction component to drive the compaction component to tilt, and the rotating component is connected to the compaction component to drive the compaction component to rotate.

[0024] Preferably, the experimental platform further includes a rock-breaking and recovery device, which includes a cutter head, a microwave irradiator, a screening component, and a pneumatic conveying component. The rock-breaking and recovery device is located at the top of the reaction frame. The cutter head is provided with a tunneling cutter head on its surface. A dust suction channel is provided in the middle of the cutter head, and a vacuum pump is provided at the end of the dust suction channel. The microwave irradiator is located on the cutter head, and the screening component is located at the lower end of the cutter head. The screening component and the pneumatic conveying component are connected.

[0025] Preferably, the excavation assembly uses a double-drum cutter, which is a hollow cylinder with cutters on the outside. Both ends of the double-drum cutter are equipped with bevel gears, and rotating bearings are sleeved on the outside of the bevel gears.

[0026] On the other hand, this invention also proposes a comprehensive experimental method for groundwater migration and protection in coal mining, including the aforementioned intelligent experimental platform for groundwater migration and protection in coal mining. The specific steps of the experimental method include:

[0027] S10: Preparation stage, connect the power and oil circuit of each system, conduct safety checks, calculate the similarity scale, determine the similar material ratio and usage required for simulation, and move the loading top beam to open the top of the main template;

[0028] S20: Experimental model making, the batching mechanism distributes similar materials required for the model test according to a fixed group, and reconstructs the large-scale experimental model in conjunction with the laying mechanism, and sets up monitoring devices, moves the top of the loading top beam closed template and locks it, and the data cable of the monitoring device is connected to the control system to transmit experimental data.

[0029] S30: Coal seam mining. The feeding and mining components are activated to extract the coal seam, realistically simulating the coal mining process. Based on the geological conditions of the experimental prototype and the similarity scale, a specified amount of top ground stress is applied by loading the top beam to form a water channel. A specified amount of water is injected at a specified location according to the experimental plan, causing the water to move along the fracture zone. The required data is collected and organized during the simulation process.

[0030] S40: End processing, analyze receipt data, reclaim experimental models, and shut down the entire system.

[0031] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0032] This invention, through the mechanized assembly and disassembly of the reaction device and its loading device, adapts to the requirements of simulation tests of different sizes, greatly improving the versatility of the experimental platform; the first driving mechanism drives the loading beam to simulate roof collapse and fracture development; the construction device creates a similar model, realizing the mechanized and automated operation of the physical simulation test, improving the accuracy of the physical simulation test; the batching mechanism ensures dust-free transportation throughout the process, reducing dust and enabling more precise material proportioning; the monitoring device monitors and analyzes physical quantity information in real time, eliminating errors caused by manual data processing, thus making the test results more accurate and intuitive; the simulation device performs a realistic simulation of the coal seam mining process, thereby obtaining more realistic coal seam roof fracture morphology and water migration path, further improving the accuracy of the test. This invention has a reasonable layout, and through the effective integration of multiple devices, it realizes the simulation of the entire process of coal mining, roof collapse, water migration, and water accumulation, improving the simulation accuracy. Additional aspects and advantages of this invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and will become apparent from the description. Attached Figure Description

[0033] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the main template and the top beam sliding device of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the preparation process of the construction apparatus of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a system illustration of the monitoring device of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the simulation device of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating the overall experimental process of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the rock-breaking and recovery device of the present invention.

[0041] In the figure:

[0042] 1. Main template; 11. Reaction frame; 111. Second sliding track; 112. Third sliding track; 113. Observation window; 114. Groove; 12. Loading top beam; 13. First drive mechanism; 14. Height adjustment component; 2. Construction device; 21. Laying mechanism; 211. First moving component; 2111. Crossbeam; 2112. Vertical beam; 2113. Bidirectional sliding plate; 212. Compaction component; 213. Feeding pipe; 22. Batching mechanism; 221. Hopper; 222. Weighing component; 223. Dry material mixer; 224. Wet material mixer; 225. None 3. Dust feeding station; 4. Top beam sliding device; 5. Support frame; 6. Lifting assembly; 7. Lifting assembly; 8. Sliding frame; 9. Simulation device; 10. Excavation assembly; 2. Transportation assembly; 31. Lateral conveyor; 42. Longitudinal conveyor; 5. Third drive mechanism; 6. Feed assembly; 7. Base; 8. Sliding guide rail; 9. Feed support; 10. Second drive mechanism; 11. Lead screw; 12. Rock breaking and recovery device; 13. Cutterhead; 14. Microwave irradiator; 15. Tunneling cutter head; 16. Dust suction channel; 17. Drive motor. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] See appendix Figure 1-7 This invention discloses a comprehensive experimental platform and method for water transport and protection, including:

[0045] The main template 1 includes a reaction frame 11, a loading top beam 12, and a first driving mechanism 13. The loading top beam 12 and the reaction frame 11 are detachably connected together, and the first driving mechanism 13 is set on the loading top beam 12. Preferably, the main template 1 adopts a modular design and is spliced ​​in a frame-like manner. It has disassembly and assembly functions to facilitate disassembly and subsequent expansion, forming a three-dimensional test space according to different experimental requirements.

[0046] The first driving mechanism 13 preferably adopts a servo bidirectional loading hydraulic cylinder. The servo bidirectional loading hydraulic cylinder is bolted to the loading top beam 12. Preferably, a flexible loading plate is set at the bottom end of the loading top beam 12. The servo bidirectional loading hydraulic cylinder applies pressure to the flexible loading plate, thereby uniformly loading the generated thrust onto the surface of the experimental model. The servo bidirectional loading hydraulic cylinder achieves a step-by-step loading and unloading method through multi-oil circuit proportional synchronous gradient loading, so that its driving of the loading top beam 12 is smooth and impact-free. The loading accuracy is preferably ±0.1MPa, and it is ensured that the pressure can be maintained for a long time. The loading pressure is monitored in real time during the experiment, and the pressure replenishment is controlled.

[0047] The construction device 2 includes a batching mechanism 22 and a laying mechanism 21. The batching mechanism includes a hopper 221, a weighing component 222, a dry material mixer 223, and a wet material mixer 224. The hopper 221 and the weighing component 222 are connected. The weighing component 222, the dry material mixer 223, and the wet material mixer 224 are connected in sequence through pipelines. The laying mechanism 21 includes a first moving component 211, a compaction component 212, and a discharge pipe 213. The discharge pipe 213 is connected to the wet material mixer 224. The discharge pipe 213 and the compaction component 212 are both mounted on the first moving component 211. The first moving component 211 is slidably connected to the top of the reaction frame 11.

[0048] A dust-free feeding station 225 is installed on one side of the preferred material silo 221, and a vacuum feeder is installed at the top of the silo 221. The dust-free feeding station 225 is connected to the silo 221 through the vacuum feeder, and the feeding operation is completed by the dust-free feeding station 225. By generating a certain negative pressure, dust leakage is prevented, and dust emitted when materials are thrown is removed. The vacuum feeder at the top transports the materials to be stored into the silo 221 in a dust-free manner. The preferred material silo 221 stores similar materials in the required proportions. The silo 221 is equipped with dust removal facilities to prevent dust from flying when materials are thrown, thereby achieving dust-free storage of similar materials. A weighing scale is installed in silo 221 to monitor the remaining amount of material in each silo 221 in real time, which facilitates test management. When weighing, the switch valve of silo 221 is opened. Preferably, multiple materials are simultaneously fed into the corresponding weighing components 222 according to the metering ratio to automatically weigh the required amount. For similar materials with strong adhesion, in order to avoid blockage during the transportation of similar materials, it is preferable to first stir and mix the weighed similar materials in the dry material mixer 223 to form a mixture with low adhesion, and then transport it to the wet material mixer 224 through the pipeline, add a predetermined amount of water and continue stirring to complete the preparation of similar materials.

[0049] The first moving component 211 preferably adopts a three-dimensional moving frame. The three-dimensional moving frame preferably has two parallel horizontal beams 2111 and a vertical beam 2112 positioned between the two horizontal beams 2111. The compaction component 212 is positioned at the bottom end of the vertical beam 2112. The two horizontal beams 2111 are positioned on a third sliding track 112 at the top of the reaction frame 11. A motor drives the horizontal beams 2111 to move horizontally along the third sliding track 112, thereby causing the vertical beam 2112 and the compaction component 212 to move synchronously. The vertical beam 2112 and the horizontal beams 2111 are connected by a sliding track and a double... The vertical beam 2112 is connected to the slide plate 2113. The vertical beam 2112 slides along the slide rail on the horizontal beam 2111 in conjunction with the bidirectional slide plate 2113 to drive the compaction component 212 to move horizontally in a direction perpendicular to the third sliding track 112. The vertical beam 2112 moves vertically along the bidirectional slide plate 2113 via a motor to drive the compaction component 212 to lift and lower. Preferably, the vertical beam 2112 has a rib structure in the middle, wherein the rib is a hollow structure, and the material feeding pipe 213 passes through the inside to transport the prepared similar material to the main template 1, and the compaction and molding operation is completed by the compaction component 212.

[0050] The monitoring device is used to detect model data and is connected to the control system. The monitoring device preferably employs a combination of point monitoring, distributed monitoring, and global non-destructive testing to establish a comprehensive multi-physical quantity monitoring system. This system assesses the location, development process, and opening / closing degree of fractures within the model experiment, acquires the distribution and transport process of water flow within the fractures, and monitors physical parameters such as stress, strain, displacement, and water pressure at key points. Ultimately, it achieves comprehensive and precise detection of fractures and water movement under mining conditions. Specifically, it uses distributed fiber optic strain sensing technology to assess the location and opening / closing degree of fractures and employs acoustic emission technology to monitor the initiation of fractures. The study investigated the formation and development of cracks within the experimental model. Ultrasonic and phased array ultrasonic testing technologies were used to image internal cracks, enabling full-process monitoring of stress concentration, crack initiation, crack propagation, and crack field formation. Distributed fiber optic temperature / humidity monitoring technology was employed to characterize the seepage field through changes in temperature and humidity, providing real-time monitoring of the primary fluid transport process. Electrical resistivity tomography was used to further characterize the seepage field through electric fields and locate the water body, achieving comprehensive monitoring of the seepage field. Fiber grating sensing technology was used for quasi-distributed monitoring of parameters such as stress, strain, water pressure, displacement, and seepage pressure at key points within the experimental model.

[0051] The optimal control system comprises seven functional modules: test management, large-screen display, sensors, distributed fiber optics, data fusion, early warning management, and personnel and system configuration. Test management distinguishes between multiple test platforms and manages switching between them. The large-screen display provides an intuitive and visual representation of the model, internal geological information, test data, sensor operating status, and early warning event information. The sensor module manages various sensors, including their operating status and data transmission. Distributed fiber optic data transmission is closely related to its location; due to its large data volume and complex management, it is managed separately and includes editing functions. Data fusion performs coupled analysis on data from multiple sensors and numerical analysis data, supporting the uploading of source data and the downloading of result data. Early warning management sets early warning values ​​for various data types to provide early warnings for dynamic data during the test process, promptly displaying early warning events on the large screen and notifying the test leader and testers. The personnel and system configuration system manages test personnel information, including system login, test management rights, and multi-test platform management and switching permissions.

[0052] Simulation device 4 includes a digging component 41, a feeding component 43, and a transport component 42. The feeding component 43 includes a base 431, a sliding guide rail 432, a feeding bracket 433, and a second drive mechanism 434. The second drive mechanism 434 and the sliding guide rail 432 are both mounted on the base 431. The feeding bracket 433 and the sliding guide rail 432 are slidably connected. The second drive mechanism 434 is connected to the feeding bracket 433 to drive the feeding bracket 433 to move along the sliding guide rail 432. The component 41 is located at the front end of the feed support 433. The transport component 42 includes a transverse conveyor 421 and a longitudinal conveyor 422. The transverse conveyor 421 is located below the excavation component 41. One end of the longitudinal conveyor 422 is connected to the transverse conveyor 421 via a steering component. The other end of the longitudinal conveyor 422 extends into the collection trough on the rear side of the support. The feed support 433 is provided with a third drive mechanism 423 for driving the transport component 42. Preferably, the second drive mechanism 434 is driven by a motor.

[0053] The simulation device 4 mainly completes the coal seam mining work and prevents the tunnel from collapsing. The excavation component 41 preferably adopts a double-drum coal mining device with an alloy welded wire spiral cutting structure with double-drum cutters. The front drum cuts the top coal and the rear drum cuts the bottom coal, realizing full-height mining with one cut and reciprocating shuttle mining. The feeding component 43 feeds the entire system frame towards the frame opening direction. The size and feed amount of the coal mining device per cut are controlled and adjusted by the control cabinet. Preferably, the feeding support 433 is slidably connected to the sliding guide rail 432 by a slider. Preferably, a sliding guide rail 432 is set on each side of the base 431 to improve the stability of the feeding support 433. A feeding screw 435 is set in the center of the base 431 and is connected to the transition plate in the middle of the feeding support 433 by a thread. The end of the screw 435 is connected to the motor through a parallel coupling. When the motor starts, it drives the screw 435 to rotate, and then the motion mode is changed through the threaded connection. The feed support 433 is driven to move linearly through the transition plate, thereby providing the power to realize the frame feeding.

[0054] Both the transverse conveyor 421 and the longitudinal conveyor 422 are housed within an expansion frame with an upper opening, employing a scraper conveyor structure design. A downward slope is provided between the transverse conveyor 421 and the excavation area to facilitate the transport of coal slag. The longitudinal conveyor 422 uses a belt conveyor design, with its motor located at the end of the longitudinal conveyor belt. The motor is connected to the transverse conveyor 421 and the longitudinal conveyor 422 via a synchronous belt. Synchronous gears and coupling sleeves are provided on both sides of the synchronous belt to enable the motor to output power to the transverse conveyor 421 and the longitudinal conveyor 422.

[0055] In this embodiment, preferably, the middle part of the reaction frame 11 is provided with a detachable horizontal bar, the reaction frame 11 is fixedly connected by high-strength bolts, and a sealing element is provided at the connection position of the reaction frame 11. The front end of the main template 1 is hollowed out and is provided with an observation window 113. Preferably, the middle part of the reaction frame 11 in all directions is provided with a detachable horizontal bar to facilitate the simulation of cutting and installation of excavation equipment. The sealing element is preferably a sealing strip to improve the sealing effect and achieve water sealing. The observation window 113 is preferably made of tempered glass to facilitate observation of the experimental process while ensuring the safety of the experimental process.

[0056] In this embodiment, preferably, the experimental platform further includes a top beam sliding device 3. The top beam sliding device 3 includes a support frame 31, a lifting component 32, a lifting component 33, a drive component, a first sliding rail, and a sliding frame 34. The lifting component 32 is disposed on the sliding frame 34 and is detachably connected to the loading top beam 12. The loading top beam 12 and the sliding frame 34 are detachably connected together. The sliding frame 34 is slidably connected to the first sliding rail. The lifting component 33 is disposed on the support frame 31 and is connected to the first sliding rail to drive the first sliding rail to rise and fall. The drive component is disposed at the end of the first sliding rail and is connected to the sliding frame 34 to drive the sliding frame 34 to move along the first sliding rail. A second sliding rail 111 is disposed at the top of the reaction frame 11. The second sliding rail 111 has the same specifications as the first sliding rail, and the first sliding rail is located above and behind the second sliding rail 111. The distance between the two first sliding rails is... The two second sliding rails 111 are spaced at the same distance and are used for supporting and sliding the sliding frame 34. Preferably, the lifting assembly 32, the lifting assembly 33, and the drive assembly are all hydraulic cylinders. Preferably, the bottom end of the sliding frame 34 is equipped with sliding rollers to connect with the first and second sliding rails 111. Preferably, the upper end of the loading beam 12 is equipped with a pin to facilitate the easy assembly and disassembly of the loading beam 12. Preferably, multiple sets of lifting assemblies 32 are installed on the sliding beam, and each set of lifting assemblies 32 controls the loading beam 12. This allows for the independent operation of each loading beam 12 segment to meet the experimental requirements of models of different sizes. Preferably, each lifting assembly 32 includes four hydraulic cylinders, which are respectively set at the four corners of the corresponding loading beam 12 segment. Three sets of lifting assemblies 32 are arranged at the four corners of the 3m, 3m and 4m segments of the main frame. When the loading beam 12 slides to the position of the reaction frame 11, it is possible to leave part, two or all of the 3m, 3m and 4m loading beam 12.

[0057] When it is necessary to remove the loading beam 12, the height of the first sliding track is adjusted by the lifting component 33 to make it parallel to the second sliding track 111. The drive component is then activated to push the sliding frame 34 from the first sliding track into the second sliding track 111 until the sliding frame 34 moves directly above the loading beam 12. The lifting component 32 and the loading beam 12 are then fixed, and the lifting component 32 drives the loading beam 12 to rise. After the loading beam 12 has risen, the loading beam 12 and the sliding frame 34 are fixed, and then the drive component is activated to move the loading beam 12 to the second sliding track 111. The component and lifting component 33 retract the sliding frame 34, thereby causing the loading top beam 12 to detach from the reaction frame 11. When it is necessary to install the loading top beam 12, the sliding frame 34 is moved to directly above the installation position of the loading top beam 12 by the drive component and lifting component 33, the loading top beam 12 and the sliding frame 34 are separated, the lifting component 32 is activated to drive the loading top beam 12 down until it is stable, the lifting component 32 is separated, the loading top beam 12 and the reaction frame 11 are fixed, the sliding frame 34 is retracted, and the installation of the loading top beam 12 is completed.

[0058] In this embodiment, preferably, the experimental platform further includes a height adjustment component 14 and a length adjustment component. The height adjustment component 14 includes a pad and hollow combined pillars. The pad is set at the top of the hollow combined pillars. Multiple hollow combined pillars are evenly arranged below the main template 1. The hollow combined pillars adopt a splicing structure. The length adjustment component is a split partition. Multiple grooves 114 are evenly arranged in the reaction frame 11. The split partition is set in the grooves 114. The pad is used to increase the support area of ​​the hollow combined pillars and improve the support effect of the hollow combined pillars. The hollow combined pillars can be spliced ​​according to the experimental requirements. The height of the main template 1 can be adjusted by installing different numbers of hollow combined pillars. When it is necessary to adjust the length of the model, the split partition is inserted into the grooves 114 of the pre-set reaction frame 11. By inserting the partition into the grooves 114 at different positions, model making spaces of different lengths can be formed.

[0059] In this embodiment, preferably, the experimental platform further includes a tilting component and a rotating component. The tilting component and the compaction component 212 are connected to drive the compaction component 212 to tilt, and the rotating component and the compaction component 212 are connected to drive the compaction component 212 to rotate. The compaction component 212 is arranged as a whole at the bottom of the vertical beam 2112. Preferably, the compaction component 212 can replace the static load compaction plate or the dynamic load compaction plate for the dynamic and static composite compaction treatment of the test model. The physical and mechanical parameters such as the strength, density, and elastic modulus of the test model are controlled by controlling parameters such as the static load peak force, the dynamic load peak force, and the dynamic load frequency. Preferably, the overall tilting of the compaction component 212 is achieved by tilting cylinders and bending components to achieve the flattening treatment of similar materials and meet the requirements of automated laying of inclined coal and rock layers. Preferably, the maximum tilt angle is 30° to adapt to the laying requirements of inclined rock layers. The rotating component drives the compaction component 212 to rotate 360° as a whole, realizing the three-dimensional reconstruction of the test model without dead angles.

[0060] In this embodiment, preferably, the experimental platform further includes a rock-breaking and recovery device 5. The rock-breaking and recovery device 5 includes a cutterhead 51, a microwave irradiator 52, a screening component, and a pneumatic conveying component. The rock-breaking and recovery device 5 is located at the top of the reaction frame 11. The surface of the cutterhead 51 is provided with tunneling cutter heads 53. A dust suction channel 54 is provided in the middle of the cutterhead 51, and a vacuum pump is provided at the end of the dust suction channel 54. The microwave irradiator 52 is located on the cutterhead 51, and the screening component is located at the lower end of the cutterhead 51. The screening component and the pneumatic conveying component are connected. Preferably, the blades of the tunneling cutter head 53 are made of high-strength cemented carbide cutters and diamond cutters arranged alternately. Each tunneling cutter head 53 is driven by a separate drive motor 55, which is installed inside the cutterhead 51. The rotating blade head and the dust suction channel 54 preferably adopt a tapered funnel shape to improve the adsorption effect of the vacuum pump. Negative pressure is generated inside the channel to reduce dust. After the model rock mass is initially crushed, the rock is further crushed with the assistance of the microwave irradiator 52. By irradiating the rock mass with microwaves, the rock mass is damaged and its strength is weakened under the action of microwave energy. Then, the rock is further crushed by the cutter head 51 to avoid the wear problem of mechanical rock crushing blades and improve the rock crushing efficiency. The screening device screens the material. The material obtained after screening is transported back to the silo 221 by the pneumatic conveying device for use in the next test, which improves the economy. The rock crushing recovery device 5 is installed on the three-dimensional moving frame by replacing the compaction component 212 to achieve all-round crushing.

[0061] In this embodiment, preferably, the excavation component 41 adopts a double-drum cutter. The double-drum cutter is a hollow cylinder with cutters on the outside. Both ends of the double-drum cutter are equipped with bevel gears, and the outer side of the bevel gears is fitted with a rotating bearing. The rotating bearings ensure that the coal mining machine drum driven by the bevel gears can run smoothly and stably.

[0062] On the other hand, this invention also proposes a comprehensive experimental method for groundwater migration and protection in coal mining, including the aforementioned intelligent experimental platform for groundwater migration and protection in coal mining. The specific steps of the experimental method include:

[0063] S10: In the preparation stage, connect the power supply and oil circuit of each system, conduct a safety check, calculate the similarity scale, determine the proportion and amount of similar materials required for simulation, and move the loading top beam 12 to open the top of the main template 1. In the preparation stage, it is necessary to connect the power supply of each system, connect the oil pipes of the multi-oil independent loading and unloading subsystem, start the system, check the stability and feasibility of each system of the experimental platform, move the loading top beam 12 to open the top of the reaction frame 11 in preparation for pouring. If a small-scale simulation space is used, partition plates are set up at the corresponding positions of the reaction frame 11 to form the target space. According to the range of coal and rock to be simulated, the size of the experimental space to be used, and the similarity criteria, the similarity scale is reasonably determined. According to the mechanical properties of the coal and rock strata of the experimental prototype and the similarity scale, the mechanical properties of the coal and rock strata of the experimental model are calculated. Through multiple preparation experiments, the reasonable proportion of similar materials is determined, and according to the proportion of similar materials and the size of the model, the amount of each component of the similar materials is calculated and prepared in the silo 221.

[0064] S20: Experimental model fabrication: The mixing mechanism 22, according to the similar materials required for the fixed-group model test, and in conjunction with the laying mechanism 21, reconstructs the large-scale experimental model and deploys monitoring devices. The top of the loading beam 12 is moved and locked to close the template. The data line of the monitoring device is connected to the control system to transmit experimental data. The mixing mechanism 22, according to the similar materials required for the fixed-group model test, intelligently reconstructs the three-dimensional large-scale experimental model through the laying mechanism 21, and deploys sensors at preset positions. The loading beam 12 is moved back and fixed, and the sensor data line is led out and connected to the control system.

[0065] S30: Coal seam mining. The feed assembly 43 and excavation assembly 41 are activated to extract the coal seam, realistically simulating the coal mine recovery process. Based on the experimental prototype's geological conditions and similarity scale, a specified amount of top ground stress is applied via the loading top beam 12 to form a water channel. A specified amount of water is injected at a designated location according to the experimental plan, causing the water to migrate along the fracture zone. Data is collected and processed during the simulation. According to the experimental plan, the feed assembly 43 and excavation assembly 41 are activated to extract the coal seam, realistically simulating the coal mine recovery process. Based on the experimental prototype's geological conditions and similarity scale, the servo motor on the loading top beam 12... A bidirectional hydraulic cylinder applies a specified amount of top ground stress to promote the development of the "three fields" in the coal seam roof, forming a water-conducting channel. According to the experimental plan, a specified amount of water is injected at a designated location to simulate groundwater during coal mining, causing the water to migrate along the fracture zone. Multi-physical quantity and multi-field information is monitored and stored in real time during coal seam mining, top ground stress loading, and water injection seepage. The acquired multi-physical quantity and multi-field information is then displayed in a systematic and intuitive way, automatically generating curves and cloud maps. The model laying progress and material usage are monitored in real time, and data curves and cloud maps of each monitoring point and physical field are obtained.

[0066] S40: End the sorting, analyze the receipt data, recover the experimental model, and shut down all systems; after the experiment, shut down all systems to ensure experimental safety; process the acquired multi-physical quantity and multi-field experimental data, and compare and analyze them with numerical simulation and field monitoring data; use the rock-breaking and recovery device 5 to break the experimental model and separate the components so that similar materials can be recycled.

[0067] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to the embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A comprehensive intelligent experimental platform for groundwater migration and protection in coal mining, characterized in that, include: The main template includes a reaction frame, a loading top beam, and a first driving mechanism. The loading top beam and the reaction frame are detachably connected together, and the first driving mechanism is disposed on the loading top beam. A construction device includes a batching mechanism and a laying mechanism. The batching mechanism includes a hopper, a weighing component, a dry material mixer, and a wet material mixer. The hopper and the weighing component are connected. The weighing component, the dry material mixer, and the wet material mixer are connected sequentially through pipelines. The laying mechanism includes a first moving component, a compaction component, and a discharge pipe. The discharge pipe is connected to the wet material mixer. The discharge pipe and the compaction component are both mounted on the first moving component. The first moving component is slidably connected to the top end of the reaction frame. A monitoring device is used to detect model data, and the monitoring device is connected to a control system; A simulation device includes a digging component, a feeding component, and a transport component. The feeding component includes a base, a sliding guide rail, a feeding bracket, and a second drive mechanism. The second drive mechanism and the sliding guide rail are both mounted on the base. The feeding bracket and the sliding guide rail are slidably connected. The second drive mechanism is connected to the feeding bracket to drive the feeding bracket to move along the sliding guide rail. The digging component is located at the front end of the feeding bracket. The transport component includes a transverse conveyor and a longitudinal conveyor. The transverse conveyor is located below the digging component. One end of the longitudinal conveyor is connected to the transverse conveyor via a steering component. The other end of the longitudinal conveyor extends into a collection groove at the rear of the bracket. A third drive mechanism for driving the transport component is provided on the feeding bracket.

2. The integrated intelligent experimental platform for groundwater migration and protection in coal mining according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reaction frame is provided with a detachable crossbar in the middle. The reaction frame is fixedly connected by high-strength bolts. The connection position of the reaction frame is provided with a sealing element. The front end of the main template is hollowed out and is provided with an observation window.

3. The integrated intelligent experimental platform for groundwater migration and protection in coal mining according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a top beam sliding device, which comprises a support frame, a lifting assembly, a lifting assembly, a drive assembly, a first sliding rail, and a sliding frame. The lifting assembly is mounted on the sliding frame and is detachably connected to the loading top beam. The loading top beam is detachably connected to the sliding frame. The sliding frame is slidably connected to the first sliding rail. The lifting assembly is mounted on the support frame and is connected to the first sliding rail to drive the first sliding rail to rise and fall. The drive assembly is located at the end of the first sliding rail and is connected to the sliding frame to drive the sliding frame to move along the first sliding rail. A second sliding rail is provided at the top of the reaction frame. The second sliding rail has the same specifications as the first sliding rail, and the first sliding rail is located above and behind the second sliding rail. The distance between the two first sliding rails is the same as the distance between the two second sliding rails.

4. The integrated intelligent experimental platform for groundwater migration and protection in coal mining according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a height adjustment component and a length adjustment component. The height adjustment component includes a pad and a hollow combined support column. The pad is disposed at the top of the hollow combined support column. Multiple hollow combined support columns are disposed evenly below the main body template. The hollow combined support columns adopt a splicing structure. The length adjustment component is a split partition. Multiple grooves are evenly disposed within the reaction frame. The split partition is disposed within the grooves.

5. The integrated intelligent experimental platform for groundwater migration and protection in coal mining according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a tilting component and a rotating component, the tilting component being connected to the compaction component to drive the compaction component to tilt, and the rotating component being connected to the compaction component to drive the compaction component to rotate.

6. The integrated intelligent experimental platform for groundwater migration and protection in coal mining according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a rock-breaking and recovery device, which includes a cutter head, a microwave irradiator, a screening component, and a pneumatic conveying component. The rock-breaking and recovery device is located at the top of the reaction frame. The surface of the cutter head is provided with a tunneling cutter head. A dust suction channel is provided in the middle of the cutter head. A vacuum pump is provided at the end of the dust suction channel. The microwave irradiator is located on the cutter head. The screening component is located at the lower end of the cutter head. The screening component and the pneumatic conveying component are connected.

7. The integrated intelligent experimental platform for groundwater migration and protection in coal mining according to claim 1, characterized in that, The excavation assembly uses a double-drum cutter, which is a hollow cylinder with cutters on the outside. Both ends of the double-drum cutter are equipped with bevel gears, and rotating bearings are sleeved on the outside of the bevel gears.

8. A comprehensive experimental method for groundwater migration and protection in coal mining, characterized in that, The integrated intelligent experimental platform for groundwater migration and protection in coal mining, as described in any one of claims 1-7, includes the following specific steps in its experimental method: S10: Preparation stage, connect the power and oil circuit of each system, conduct safety checks, calculate the similarity scale, determine the similar material ratio and usage required for simulation, and move the loading top beam to open the top of the main template; S20: Experimental model making, the batching mechanism distributes similar materials required for the model test according to a fixed group, and reconstructs the large-scale experimental model in conjunction with the laying mechanism, and sets up monitoring devices, moves the top of the loading top beam closed template and locks it, and the data cable of the monitoring device is connected to the control system to transmit experimental data. S30: Coal seam mining. The feeding and mining components are activated to extract the coal seam, realistically simulating the coal mining process. Based on the geological conditions of the experimental prototype and the similarity scale, a specified amount of top ground stress is applied by loading the top beam to form a water channel. A specified amount of water is injected at a specified location according to the experimental plan, causing the water to move along the fracture zone. The required data is collected and organized during the simulation process. S40: End processing, analyze receipt data, reclaim experimental models, and shut down the entire system.

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